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Journal articles on the topic 'The circular flow of income'
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Ali, Dr Umar Mohammed. "THE STRUCTURES OF NIGERIA INDUSTRIAL ECONOMY AND CIRCULAR FLOW INCOME." American Journal of Management and Economics Innovations 5, no. 7 (2023): 20–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajmei/volume05issue07-03.
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The paper focus on the structures of Nigeria industrial economy , Nigerian MSEs are more developed than the SSE, with production techniques characterized by organised factory–type processing of more complex goods. They dominate in textiles, readymade garments, metal products, footwear as well as pharmaceutical products, and cater for a wide market. They employ relatively high technology, but unlike large scale enterprises (LSEs), are less capital intensive. In a number of cases, they represent backward integration from trading activities. Access to technology is not a major constraint; they are able to employ technical specialists to install equipment and train employees. The LSEs comprises the modern factories, often with multi-national linkages, using the state-of-the-art technologies and mass-producing for both domestic and export markets. The analysis of industrial structure by size, in 2006, showed that SSEs constituted 65.5 per cent, while the MSEs and LSEs constituted 32.0 and 2.5 per cent respectively.
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Khreis, Najeeb, Abdalla Al Badarin, and Mefleh Al-Jarrah. "Introducing Zakat to National Income Accounts." Jordan Journal of Islamic Studies 20, no. 4 (2024): 321–35. https://doi.org/10.59759/jjis.v20i4.614.
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The study aimed to demonstrate the importance of economic zakat and its impact on macroeconomic variables such as land development, increased aggregate demand and supply, heightened overall consumption and investment, and the reduction of unemployment and inflation rates. It also sought to clarify the position of zakat within the circular flow of income and national income accounts. To the best of the researchers' knowledge, no study has addressed this issue. The study concluded that it is crucial to include zakat in national income accounts and the circular flow as a separate element. Additionally, the study highlighted the positive effects of zakat on three sectors: household, institutional, and governmental, as well as on national and personal income.
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TRIGG, ANDREW B., and JONQUIL T. LOWE. "Comparing Pension Systems in the Circular Flow of Income." American Journal of Economics and Sociology 70, no. 5 (2011): 1248–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1536-7150.2011.00811.x.
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Murphy, Antoin E. "John Law and Richard Cantillon on the circular flow of income." European Journal of the History of Economic Thought 1, no. 1 (1993): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427719300000062.
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Marks, Melanie, and Gemma Kotula. "Using the Circular Flow of Income Model to Teach Economics in the Middle School Classroom." Social Studies 100, no. 5 (2009): 233–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00377990903221939.
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Llop, Maria. "Comparing Multipliers in the Social Accounting Matrix Framework: The Case of Catalonia." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 39, no. 8 (2007): 2020–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3891.
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Structural decomposition analysis, which is usually used within an input-output framework, allows changes in economic variables to be broken down into their determinants. Structural decomposition techniques can also be applied in social accounting matrix (SAM) models, which provide a complete representation of circular flow by adding factor-income generation and household-income distribution to the intersectorial transactions. The author uses structural decomposition analysis to reveal the factors that contribute to the changes in SAM multipliers over time. In particular, she analyses how modifying the patterns of intermediate demand, private consumption, and factor-income distribution modifies the income-generation process. Two SAMs are used, one for 1990 and one for 1994, in an empirical application for the Catalan economy. The results show that the regional multipliers in 1994 were smaller than in 1990, mainly because of a reduction in the structural coefficients of the model.
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Vargas-Terranova, Camilo-A., Javier Rodrigo-Ilarri, María-Elena Rodrigo-Clavero, and Alejandro Parra-Saad. "Implementing Circular Economy Techniques for the Optimal Management of Recyclable Solid Waste Using the M-GRCT Decision Support Model." Applied Sciences 12, no. 16 (2022): 8072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12168072.
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This article analyzes the implementation of a circular economy model for the management of reusable solid waste in the Colombian municipalities of Arbeláez (province of Cundinamarca) and Tibasosa (province of Boyacá). The analysis is conducted using M-GRCT, a circular economy decision support model for the design of recyclable waste management systems in low-income municipalities. The model allows for performing calculations on a set of two scenarios integrating a sociocultural dynamics assessment—this being a characteristic feature of this type of municipalities. Results show that both the linear and circular models of waste management are economically viable. However, the particular conditions of each municipality, the tariff system, the number of subscribers and the variations in costs and inflation in each municipality affect the results of economic viability. In addition, the waste production scale and the volumes of recoverable waste also affect the results. All these factors are reflected in the scenarios analyzed. In terms of economic viability, the circular model presents better results in Arbeláez, while in the municipality of Tibasosa, the best results are obtained with a linear economy approach.
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Zhang, Jiankang. "Analysis on the development direction of circular economy theory in automobile industry market and economic and technical conditions." BCP Business & Management 20 (June 28, 2022): 529–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v20i.1028.
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With regard to the analysis of China's automobile industry market and development direction, we should not only consider the pulling effect of domestic economic growth, changes in consumption structure and industrial structure on automobile demand, but also the international experience of the relationship between per capita income level and automobile ownership rate, and more importantly, we should reflect on the traditional economic development model and find a new development model that effectively balances the relationship among economy, society, environment and resources. It is an inevitable trend for the development of automobile industry to take the circular economy mode, and it is the general trend of implementing the sustainable development strategy. In this situation, all kinds of technical ways to deal with the problems of resources and environment have their advantages and cannot be replaced. However, the research on circular economy of automobile industry in China has just started, and the basic material flow table and data analysis model of automobile products have not been established. This paper analyzes the traditional development mode of automobile industry, discusses the economic development direction of automobile industry and the development mode of circular economy in automobile industry, so as to keep up with the general trend of China's sustainable development strategy.
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James, Abraham O., Abayomi O. Bankole, Caroline M. E. Pompei, Gustavo A. S. A. Dantas, Graziele Ruas, and Gustavo H. R. Silva. "Exploration of Microalgae-Activated Sludge Growth Performance in Lab-Scale Photobioreactors under Outdoor Environmental Conditions for Wastewater Biotreatment." Phycology 3, no. 4 (2023): 484–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/phycology3040033.
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Increasing the volume of untreated and inadequately treated municipal wastewater undermines the circular economy potential of wastewater resources, particularly in low-income regions. This present study focused on and evaluated the performance of native microalgae-activated sludge (MAS) growth for tertiary treatment of anaerobically digested wastewater from an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) in an outdoor lab-scale photobioreactor (2.2 L). Three conditions with distinct MAS inoculum concentrations alongside three controls were operated in batch mode for 5 days hydraulic retention time (HRT) at 11.5:12.5 photo-hours. The MAS inoculum concentration influenced the treatment outcome. The best performance was observed when the MAS concentration was 0.10/0.20 g L−1, and the cell density was 1.60 × 107 cells mL−1, total biomass productivity of 0.10 g TSS L−1 d−1, total phosphorus uptake of 85.1%, and total nitrogen uptake of 66.1%. Logarithmic removal (Log-Re) of bacterial pathogens (water quality indicators) showed Log-Re 3.4 for total coliforms (1.37 × 102 CFU 100 mL−1) and 4.7 for Escherichia coli (0.00 × 100 CFU 100 mL−1). The results revealed optimum remediation performance and nutrient recovery potential with appropriate inoculum concentration, in admiration to advancing the science of circular economy.
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Cohen, S. I. "Modelling the Prospects of Economic Growth and Social Development: Results of Circular Flow Planning Models Applied to Pakistan1980-1993." Pakistan Development Review 26, no. 4 (1987): 609–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v26i4pp.609-626.
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This paper presents for Pakistan an analysis of the country's recent economic growth and social development, and medium term prospects covering the period of the Seventh Plan. The meaning of economic growth is self-evident. In contrast, by social development we shall mean the pace of progress as regards the distribution of income, the satisfaction of essential needs, balanced development and employment of human resources. The paper has two purposes (i) to provide valuable information for policy making in the area of growth and development, and (ii) to demonstrate the attractiveness and usefulness of working with the models we have developed. We shall rely exclusively on the results obtained from the planning models which were developed in collaboration with the Pakistan Institute of Development Economics, Islamabad and Erasmus University, Rotterdam Netherlands. Most of the past models which were developed for Pakistan served analytical purposes, were demonstrative in nature or were not updated. As a result, they are practically irrelevant for today's appraisal of future prospects. More recently, since 1980, a few models which have been updated regularly may turn out to have a future. In particular, among the macro models, PIDE's econometric model is the most widely publicised, cf. Naqvi et aL (1983). In the category of activity models one simple but handy model is available in Cohen, Havinga and Saleem (1985).
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Wang, Enru, Changhong Miao, and Xiaofei Chen. "Circular Economy and the Changing Geography of International Trade in Plastic Waste." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (2022): 15020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192215020.
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Plastic pollution has become a major environmental concern worldwide. As the circular economy is increasingly seen as a means for achieving sustainable development, it is imperative to promote the more efficient use of plastics worldwide. An integral part of the circular economy model, trade in waste, and the scrap for recovery is a part of the solution to achieve sustainability. This paper studies the changing geography of the international trade in plastic waste. It reveals increasingly complex patterns of the transboundary trade in plastic waste over more than two decades. The movement of plastic waste from high-income countries to developing nations has been the largest flow, but trade flows of other directions turn out to be significant. The findings of the paper debunk the North–South or core–periphery dichotomy that is embedded in the international environment justice tradition (including the ecologically unequal exchange theory) as well as in international environmental regulatory regimes such as the Basel Convention. The paper contributes to the discussions about value that are central in political economic approaches to global trade (e.g., the global value chain and global production network) by demonstrating the relative, spatial, and dynamic nature of the concept. As the transboundary trade in plastic waste has exacerbated pollution and marine litter in some major receiving countries, it needs to be better monitored and regulated to ensure it is conducted in a transparent and environmentally sound manner. The paper also explores several policy measures that could help tackle the plastic pollution crisis and achieve sustainable development.
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Phillips, Emir. "The On-Going Price of Perceiving Money as a Veil." International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, no. 12 (2017): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p215.
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Until macroeconomic theory rebuffs the nature of finance, which is leverage (debt claims and credit instruments above current GDP output), shadow-banking will continue to lure capital into the financial sector, lower institutional banking interest rates, and de-incentivize commercial lending from the real sector, even at competitive risk-adjusted rates. This institutionalized misallocation of credit undermines the tidy neoclassical “circular flow” apparatus where savings and earnings are allegedly pooled and then recycled through financial intermediaries into dynamic investment.Despite the mathematical complexity of DSGE models, the last financial crisis and its aftermath exposed the models’ inadequacy for forecasting or even fully capturing economic reality. With no dynamic function for money, incorporating credit into the theoretical mindset of mainstream economics, including both neoliberal and (Post)-Keynesian traditions, has proven as yet unattainable. Holding fast to a (barter-like) Walrasian worldview, wherein the neutrality of money in the long-run, has meant debt does not exist and credit aggregates are not considered due to an a-historical mis-conceptualization of money/credit. As long as money, credit and debt are not accorded special roles, a bloated financial sector may well contribute to the suboptimal allocation of talents. This Article shows how by design, DSGE models do not recognize either credit’s beneficent growth properties, or credit’s aptitude to precipitate crisis by augmenting, largely non-GDP financial income, while in the long-run simultaneously reducing earned income (GDP recognized).
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Smol, Marzena, and Renata Koneczna. "Economic Indicators in Water and Wastewater Sector Contributing to a Circular Economy (CE)." Resources 10, no. 12 (2021): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources10120129.
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Protection and sustainable management of water was indicated as one of the strategic tasks in the process of transformation towards a circular economy (CE) in the European Union (EU), therefore, the water and wastewater sector plays an important role in this process. At the same time, the European Commission (EC) strongly underlined the importance of the possibility to assess the transformation process toward the CE, and developed a set of CE indicators that are available on the Eurostat website. However, these indicators have limited ability to assess the transformation progress in the water and wastewater sector. This paper presents a set of indicators for assessing the economic progress of transformation towards the CE in this sector. The proposed economic CE indicators were grouped into the following actions of the CE model in the water and wastewater sector: reduction, reclamation (removal), reuse, recycling, recovery and landfilling. The selection of specific indicators was based on a systematic review of the literature presenting economic indicators developed by international organisations and researchers (covering different thematic areas, scopes and potential applications). The selected economic CE indicators were assigned to three groups of the cash flow: income (revenues, expenses), costs, and investment financing. The proposed CE indicators can be used by water supply and sewage companies (i.e., supplying water to the public and wastewater treatment plants, and companies that use water in their production processes) to assess the level of the transformation toward the CE at a microeconomic level. An important aspect of future application and usage of the proposed set of CE economic indicators is the collection and processing of data needed for their reporting. The proposed set of CE economic indicators refers to information that are reported by the companies to prove its revenues, costs and investment outlays, and are collected by companies anyway. The proposed set of economic CE indicators is flexible, allowing the adaptation of indicators and areas of interest to maintain effectiveness throughout the transition period from linear to the CE model.
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Feng, Shaohui. "Research on the Environmental and Economic Repercussions and Policy of Electric Cars." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 30, no. 1 (2023): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/30/20231481.
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The primary policies nowadays in effect are either zeroing in on the work of popularizing and enhancing EV manufacturing incidence, setting an un-negotiable quota for firms to compromise on that leaves them no leeway, or just issuance of waivers and subsidies. Given that charging takes an inordinate amount of time that most find fazing, as a self-explanatory result, the government ought to inject a prudently weighed amount of expenditure into the circular flow of income as one of many workable fiscal policies and bidding their time for the multiplier effect to play out. For example, the provision and installment of charging points need to be ramped up in each engaged polities to broker an appropriate EVs-chargers ratio. Therefore, the government should dispose of manufacturers to rev up production. That way, convenience inducement is conducive to more uptake of prime EVs customers. Additionally, a stipulation must be choreographed concerning the uniformity in the topology of all the necessary appurtenances incorporated in a charger to warrant the utilization of all possible chargers irrespective of their manufacturer, as the denial of access to charging points surely would repel practitioners inquisitiveness.
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Dr., GAZALA AHMAD. "A Study of Investment Behavior of Salaried Class Employees Working in Public Sector: With Special Reference to Jhansi District." International Journal of Scientific Development and Research 8, no. 9 (2023): 623–28. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11242531.
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The study underscores the intrinsic relationship between saving and investment, emphasizing their interdependence in the financial landscape. Savings serve as the foundation for investment, while investment activities enable savings to grow and contribute to the circular flow of capital within the economy. This symbiotic relationship is crucial for understanding personal finance and the broader economic system. In this research paper, the authors aim to explore the investment behavior of salaried class employees working in public sector. This group comprises employees working in various public sector organizations. The primary motivation for selecting them is to investigate how individuals with modest incomes manage their investments, particularly in the context of significant expenses they may incur. The study seeks to address several key questions concerning the preferences of these employees regarding various investment instruments. It specifically focuses on investment options such as real estate, bank deposits, mutual funds, and financial markets, including the money market and capital market. The research endeavors to uncover the investment patterns observed within this income group and the underlying objectives guiding their choice of particular investment instruments. The study scrutinizes their preferences for different investment avenues, their investment patterns, and the motives guiding their selection of specific investment instruments. Additionally, the study explores their ability to manage expenses and savings, and other factors that influence their investment decisions. Through this investigation, the authors aim to shed light on the unique challenges and strategies adopted by the salaried class employees in managing their investments amidst the demands of daily life.
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Bergström, Karl. "Keynesian Without the Policy: Why the Business Cycle is all about Business Confidence and Finance." Journal of Economic Analysis 2, no. 2 (2023): 114–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.58567/jea02020008.
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Many of Keynes´s ideas and concepts are proven correct in this paper. The demand side, mainly business investments, drives the economy. Business firms steer the business cycle via profit expectations and animal spirits. Injections to and withdrawals from the circular flow of income are multiplied throughout the economy in accordance with Keynes´s multiplier. A sudden and sharp rise in households´ saving rates has a detrimental effect on aggregate demand, in line with Keynes´s paradox of thrift. Finance, not saving in the S=I sense, is the necessary condition for business investments and economic growth to be realized. Keynes´s finance motive thus makes money endogenous, contradicting the textbook result that exogenous money steers aggregate demand, contradicting the mainstream loanable funds theory and putting into question the Keynesian theory of sticky prices as a condition for real growth. However, a crucial omission in Keynes´s productive writings is the lack of an accelerator tying income to investment. Some of his followers such as Paul Samuelson tried to remedy that by developing multiplier-accelerator models. The problem with them is that the accelerator lacks micro foundations, in specific disregarding business confidence. Linking macro accounting identities with empirical national accounts data for five major economies produces the finding that business firms explain more than all aggregate expenditure growth during a 25-year period. Thus, it is concluded that business confidence is the root of the business cycle. Making the accelerator account for business confidence casts new light on the perhaps most well-known Keynesian “truth”: active fiscal policy as a main force stabilizing the business cycle......
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Neri, Manuela, Elisa Levi, Eva Cuerva, Francesc Pardo-Bosch, Alfredo Guardo Zabaleta, and Pablo Pujadas. "Sound Absorbing and Insulating Low-Cost Panels from End-of-Life Household Materials for the Development of Vulnerable Contexts in Circular Economy Perspective." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (2021): 5372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125372.
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From a construction point of view, neighborhoods with residents living at or below the poverty threshold are characterized by low energy efficiency buildings, in which people live in acoustic discomfort with no viable options for home improvements, as they usually can not afford the materials and labor costs associated. An alternative to this is to use low-cost insulating elements made of non-conventional materials with acceptable acoustic properties. Given that household materials at their end-of-life (EoLHM) are free of costs and available also to the more disadvantaged population, they can be used to build acoustic panels for such contexts. This approach embraces several benefits since it reduces the amount of waste produced, the footprint deriving from the extraction of new raw materials and, by highlighting the potential of the EoLHM, discourages the abandonment of waste. In this paper, the acoustic properties of EoLHM, such as cardboard, egg-cartons, clothes, metal elements and combinations of them, are investigated by means of the impedance tube technique. The measured sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss have shown that EoLHM can be used for the realization of acoustic panels. However, since none of the analyzed materials shows absorbing and insulating properties at the same time, EoLHM must be wisely selected. This innovative approach supports the circular economy and the improvement for the living condition of low-income households.
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Barom, Mohd Nizam. "FRAMING THE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY ROLE OF ISLAMIC FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS WITHIN A THREE-SECTOR ECONOMIC MODEL." Humanities & Social Sciences Reviews 7, no. 1 (2019): 180–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.18510/hssr.2019.7122.
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Purpose: This paper examines and reflects the ongoing debate on the social responsibility role of Islamic financial institutions (IFIs) in the light of the literature in the area of third sector and three-sector economic model. Subsequently, it seeks to develop a framework that can be used to conceptualise the potential interaction between the different sectors in the economy in relation to social welfare issues and locate the social responsibility role of IFIs within this framework. 
 Methodology: The paper uses an integrative analysis of Islamic finance and third sector literature, particularly on the American and European conceptions of the interactions between the three main sectors in the economy, i.e. public, private and ‘third’ sectors.
 Results: The paper develops a modified circular flow of income and expenditure model as a basis for the integrative framework for social welfare provision within a three-sector economic model. Subsequently, it locates the social responsibility role of IFIs within this framework with the understanding that social welfare burden is a collective responsibility and therefore shared among the various potential welfare providers in the economy.
 Implications: The integrative framework of social welfare provision within a three-sector economic model as conceptualised in this paper highlights a multi-institutional approach towards promoting socio-economic justice and society's well-being in an Islamic economy, and hence provides a proper and reasonable context for social responsibility roles expected of IFIs.
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Gbordzoe, Etriakor Kofi, Edward Ebo Onumah, and Akwasi Mensah-Bonsu. "Analysis of the Emerging Market for Poultry By-Products in Ghana." Caraka Tani: Journal of Sustainable Agriculture 39, no. 1 (2024): 194. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/carakatani.v39i1.82925.
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<p>The paper examined the emerging poultry by-products market, delving into the nature, revenue generation, influencing factors, and constraints of the market, using data from poultry farmers, aggregators, and cattle farmers. The paper described the nature of the market using descriptive statistics and a flow chart, estimated its contribution to poultry revenue, and examined the factors influencing the proportion of revenue contributed using a Tobit model. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance was used to measure the level of agreement among the poultry farmers in ranking identified constraints. The poultry by-product market is currently characterized by only poultry droppings trading, with Côte d’Ivoire as the largest user (76% of the consumption) in cross-border informal trade and an average selling price of 8.39 USD per metric ton. The emerging market for the by-products can be described as seasonal. Annual revenue per poultry farmer for poultry droppings is 1,072.26 USD. Management type, production scale, and membership of poultry farmers’ association influenced the proportion of revenue contributed from poultry droppings. The emerging poultry droppings market provided an opportunity for small-scale farms to earn additional income and organic manure to support sustainable farming. The key constraints among the poultry farmers participating in the by-products market were low prices and a lack of processing and storage facilities. The study recommended that agriculture sector development agencies should support the development of value chains for poultry droppings and other poultry by-products to help expand the market for sustainable agriculture production under the circular economy framework.</p>
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Romano, Donato, Benedetto Rocchi, Ahmad Sadiddin, Gianluca Stefani, Raffaella Zucaro, and Veronica Manganiello. "A SAM-Based Analysis of the Economic Impact of Frauds in the Italian Wine Value Chain." Italian Economic Journal 7, no. 2 (2021): 297–321. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40797-020-00137-w.
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AbstractThe objective of this paper is twofold: firstly, it analyzes the evolution of frauds in the Italian wine value chain over the period 2007–2015, and then, using a properly disaggregated social accounting matrix (SAM) of the Italian economy, it simulates the impact of wine frauds on the national economy in terms of growth, employment, value added and income. The wine industry is the sector most exposed to frauds within the Italian agro-food system accounting for 88% of total value of seized agro-food outputs. Most irregularities (95%) are made by only three agents, specifically individual wineries, bottlers-wholesalers and retailers. We estimated industry-specific SAM multipliers to assess the share of the Italian economy depending on irregular wine production. These activities account for 11.5% of specialized permanent crop farms output and over 25% of wine industry output. This is a sign of vulnerability of the wine industry: should a food scandal/scare determine a drop in consumers’ demand, the negative effect on production activities of these sectors may be large. The SAM was also used to perform an impact analysis adopting a counterfactual approach. Results show a slightly positive increase of value added (6 million euro) along with an overall decrease in the activity level (an output loss of 406 million euro and more than six thousand full time jobs lost). This contractionary effect can be explained with fraud rents. Indeed, the extra-profits from frauds do not activate the economy circular flow as most of them leak out to exogenous accounts such as the public administration and the rest of the world.
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Danner, Ragnar Ingi, Utra Mankasingh, Kesara Anamthawat-Jonsson, and Ragnheidur Inga Thorarinsdottir. "Designing Aquaponic Production Systems towards Integration into Greenhouse Farming." Water 11, no. 10 (2019): 2123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11102123.
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Aquaponics is a sustainable method of food production, whereby aquaculture and hydroponics are combined in one circular system. A few aquaponics startup companies are emerging in Europe with a limited production area of a few hundred or a few thousand square meters, whereas hydroponics is a common practice in a commercially viable manner most often with production units of several hectares. In Iceland, greenhouse farmers operate on relatively small production units, often between 2000 and 5000 m2. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to develop and design aquaponic production systems towards integration into small greenhouse farming strengthening economic viability and sustainability. Since the local market in Iceland is small and import is relatively expensive due to the distance from other markets, the suitability of commercially available fish feed and the selection of plant species were assessed in relation to production efficiency and available market and resources. The effects of water flow on plant growth and on nutrient utilization in culture water were measured and evaluated. Four aquaponics test systems were designed, built and operated, and results were used to develop a pilot commercial aquaponics system implemented for greenhouse farming in Iceland. One of the test systems was a media filled flood and drain system and the other three were deep water culture systems. Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), one of the most popular fish in aquaculture, was reared in all systems, while different leafy greens and fruiting vegetables were grown in the hydroponics. The fish was fed with commercial aquaculture feed made for cod and charr. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was used to assess the effectiveness of feed on fish growth. The FCR observed in this research was between 0.9 and 1.2, within the typical values for tilapia growth in aquaculture. The production of the leafy green plants (e.g., pak-choi) was approximately four times, by weight, that of the production of fish, a similar yield as shown in other researches in the field. The continuous rise of nitrate and phosphate concentrations in the aquaponic system indicated the potential to support even higher crop yield. Long daylength in the summer in Iceland is clearly beneficial for crop production in aquaponics. Based on the results, it is concluded that aquaponics can be a feasible opportunity for greenhouse farming at least to diversify the current business model. Not only can the fish provide an extra income but also the effluent from the aquaculture is easily used as fertilizer for the plants, thus the circular production system offers new innovative ideas for diversifying and value-adding the business further, for example into crayfish production and/or into educational and experience tourism.
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Acevedo-De-los-Ríos, A., and D. Perrotti. "Role of Urban Metabolism Assessments in Addressing Food Security through Urban Agriculture in Informal Settlements: A Critical Review." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1363, no. 1 (2024): 012080. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1363/1/012080.
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Abstract This literature review explores the role of urban metabolism (UM) assessments in addressing food security through urban agriculture in informal settlements, particularly in lower-income countries. It addresses the challenges of food security in urban areas and aims to unravel existing urban dynamics and networks to generate agro-food resources in these settings. The review included a comprehensive search using the Scopus and Web of Science (WOS) databases to identify relevant studies. A total of 381 articles published between 2000 and 2023 were retrieved. Additionally, a systematic review of grey literature was performed using Google Scholar, focusing on publications in the Spanish language from the years 2000 to 2023 to address food security dynamics in Latin America as a key case study area. After screening titles, keywords, and abstracts, 127 journal articles from the Scopus and WOS databases and 51 results from the grey literature were considered for further analysis. Bibliometric coupling techniques, including co-citation analysis, co-occurrence analysis, and keyword analysis, were employed using VOSviewer software to visualize the scholarly landscape and identify major themes. The analysis of white literature facilitated the identification of six major themes: (1) UM and Sustainability; (2) Phosphorus Management and Recycling; (3) Food Security and Waste Management; (4) Material Flow Analysis and Environmental Impact; (5) Human Impacts on the Environment; and (6) Food Systems and Sustainability. The main findings pointed to the environmental and social sustainability impacts of food flows in UM studies, emphasizing the pertinence of UM as a conceptual framework to address urban sustainability and justice challenges, particularly in informal settlements. Additionally, the grey literature provided insights into community strategies, urban resilience, and social inequality, enriching the understanding of local realities and socio-economic dimensions related to UM and food security in informal settlements. The review showed that by incorporating UM approaches and circular economy strategies, it is possible to optimize flows and stocks within the agro-food systems, leading to improved food security, sustainable development, and enhanced resilience in urban environments.
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Kuryshev, Nikolay I., and Vladimir R. Tsibulsky. "Scarcity of resources as a determining factor of value in input-output models (objectivist concept of capital)." National Accounting Review 5, no. 3 (2023): 208–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/nar.2023013.
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<abstract> <p>Conducting global trade in national currencies greatly increases complexity and fragility of the modern financial system and, therefore, requires creation of new, much more accurate methods of macroeconomic and monetary regulation than those available today. The current practice of macroeconomic regulation relies on the system of national accounts (SNA) based on the Leontief input-output method. Its analytical tools are explained by the possibility of calculating the volume of output of a product and its cost in natural units. Moreover, it offers no explanation to the relationship between the composition of the output and relative prices. This disadvantage significantly complicates practical application of the Leontief method, since primary accounting reports operate with cost rather than physical indicators, forcing the introduction of various kinds of simplifications into the input-output model, which significantly reduces its analytical capabilities. The article presents a physical concept of value, on the basis of which the input-output model is supplemented by the definition of the material law of relative price formation. This addition turns the input-output method from an applied analysis tool into a complete theory of production, and in the future opens up fundamentally new, previously non-existent opportunities for the empirical studies of economic development and creation of highly effective methods of macroeconomic regulation. The price formation model, methodologically explained in the article, is a synthesis of the W. Leontief's concept of economy as a circular flow and P. Sraffa's model of the price mechanism of income distribution. It is basically our own concept of economic reproduction viewed as sharing by the producers of the common material resource of the production system. We claim that our findings regarding single-product industries in W. Leontief's and P. Sraffa's models can be generalized and applied to J. von Neumann's model of the balanced economic growth in multi-product industries.</p> </abstract>
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Piaggio, Davide, Scott Hyland, Alessia Maccaro, Ernesto Iadanza, and Leandro Pecchia. "A 3D-printed condom intrauterine balloon tamponade: Design, prototyping, and technical validation." PLOS ONE 19, no. 6 (2024): e0303844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303844.
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Post-partum haemorrhage is among the main causes of (preventable) mortality for women in low-resource settings (LRSs), where, in 2017, the mortality ratio was 462 out of every 100 000 live births, over 10 times higher than for high-resource settings. There are different treatments available for post-partum haemorrhage. The intrauterine balloon tamponade is a medical device that proved to be a simple and cost-effective approach. Currently, there are several balloon tamponades available, with different design and working principles. However, all these devices were designed for high-resource settings, presenting several aspects that could be inappropriate for many lower-income countries. This paper presents the results of a preclinical study aiming at informing the design, prototyping and validation of a 3D-printed intrauterine balloon tamponade concept, contributing towards the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goal 3: Good health and Well-being. Frugal engineering concepts and contextualised design techniques were applied throughout, to define the design requirements and specifications. The performance of the final prototype was validated against the requirements of the UK National Health System (NHS) technical guidelines and relevant literature, measuring the water leak and pressure drop over time, both open air and in a approximate uterus model. The resulting prototype is made up of six components, some of which are easy to retrieve, namely a water bottle, a silicone tube and an ordinary condom, while others can be manufactured locally using 3D printers, namely a modified bottle cap, a flow stopper and a valve for holding the condom in place. Validation testing bore promising results with no water or pressure leak open air, and minimal leaks in the approximate uterus model. This demonstrates that the 3D printed condom-based intrauterine balloon tamponade is performing well against the requirements and, when compared to the state of the art, it could be a more appropriate and more resilient solution to low-resource settings, as it bypasses the challenges in the supply of consumables and presents a greener option based on circular economy.
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Wijayanti, Marini, Mohamad Amin, Tanbiyaskur Tanbiyaskur, et al. "Aquaponic Biofloc Technology by Swamp Bacteria Probiotic for Clarias Catfish Rearing." Journal of Aquaculture and Fish Health 10, no. 3 (2021): 258. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jafh.v10i3.23549.
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Conventional catfish culture in Ogan Ilir (OI) have not optimal production, it can be increased by biofloc and aquaponics with local swamp bacteria as a starter. The purpose of this study was to apply biofloc technology and a combination of aquaponic-biofloc to increase the productivity of catfish (Clarias sp.) rearing. The study used two ponds, a biofloc circular pond and a combined biofloc and aquaponic (biofloqua) for two months. The results of the specific growth rate of fish in the aquaponic biofloc system were higher than that of the biofloc system alone. The survival of the fish during two rearing months of the Biofloqua system was 100% while the Biofloc system was 92-96%. The water quality data that measured were temperature, 30.3–31.9oC, Dissolved oxygen 4.5–7.2 mg.l-1, pH 6-7, and ammonia concentration 0.27-0.71 mg.l-1 in the biofloc system and 29.5-31.3oC, 4.7-7.4 mg.l-1, pH 6-7, 0.20-0.53 mg.l-1 in biofloqua system, respectively. The floc volume formation rate in the biofloc system alone reached 1.1 ml.l-1 per day, which was above the floc formation rate for the biofloqua system 0.42 ml.l-1 per day, due to the use of nutrients for plant growth. The combination of biofloc and aquaponics showed more optimal growth performance and both were efficient in feed (Food Conversion Ratio / FCR <1.00). Although the results of the 5% level t test showed no difference in the performance of the aquaculture biota between the two systems, Biofloqua can be an alternative to increase fish farmer income by harvesting vegetables and fish together.
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Thabit, Qahtan, Abdallah Nassour, and Michael Nelles. "Potentiality of Waste-to-Energy Sector Coupling in the MENA Region: Jordan as a Case Study." Energies 13, no. 11 (2020): 2786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13112786.
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Population growth, urbanization, and changes in lifestyle have led to an increase in waste generation quantities. The waste management system in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region is still considered an adolescent system, while developed countries have made great progress in this field, including regulation, financing, administration, separation at source, recycling, and converting waste to energy. At the same time, in the MENA region, the best performance of the recycling process is around 7–10% of total waste. Nowadays, many developed countries like Germany are shifting from waste management to material flow systems, which represent the core of a circular economy. Also, it should be stated here that all countries that have a robust and integrated waste management system include waste-to-energy (W-to-E) incineration plants in their solutions for dealing with residual waste, which is still generated after passing through the entire treatment cycle (hierarchy). Therefore, this paper illustrates the potentiality of embedding waste incineration plants in the MENA region, especially in large cities, and addressing the economic and financial issues for the municipalities. Cities in these countries would like to build and operate waste treatment plants; however, municipalities do not have the sustainable investment and operating costs. The solution is to maximize the income from the output, such as energy, recycling materials, etc. In addition, the MENA region is facing another dilemma, which is water scarcity due to climate change, increasing evaporation, and reduction of precipitation. This research illustrates a simulated model for a waste incineration plant in the MENA region. The EBSILON 13.2 software package was used to achieve this process. Furthermore, the simulated plant applies the concept of waste-to-energy-to-water, so that not only is waste converted to energy but, by efficient usage of multi-stage flash (MSF) technology, this system is able to generate 23 MWe of electric power and 8500 m3/day of potable water. A cost analysis was also implemented to calculate the cost of thermal treatment of each ton of municipal solid waste (MSW) during the life span of the plant. It was found that the average cost of treatment over 30 years would be around US$39/ton.
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Bechko, P. K., S. A. Vlasyuk, O. V. Ponomarenko, and V. I. Nahornyi. "The economic essence of credit and its role in the development of bank lending to agricultural business." Collected Works of Uman National University of Horticulture 2, no. 98 (2021): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.31395/2415-8240-2021-98-2-41-50.
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The constant cycle of agricultural production is successfully achieved regarding to equity and loans. An alternative to private source of funding to the equity of agricultural production is crediting including bank loans which are attracted in order to cover the time gaps between production and receiving benefits during a year due to the seasonality. It is revealed that crediting in the context of modern market economy is a key and vital component of economic development. The positive influence of the loan, its impact on national business entities is assessed as controversial. Some researchers of credit theory and its involvement in the production process substantiate it by the lack of tangible assets necessary to ensure the business continuity. As the interest rate is the basic principle of lending, in their opinion, the financial condition of the borrower becomes unstable and as a result it leads to the bankruptcy. According to other researchers, credits lead to the reduction of manufacturing duration and serve as the main precondition for expanded reproduction and business operation in modern economic situation. It has been found that a loan is an inevitable part of an agricultural business as its involvement is caused not only by the borrower’s financial weakness but also the objectiveness of production and circular flow of funds due to the lack of its own funds which is inappropriate to hold in reserve. It was also determined that the naturalistic and income generating theories developed equally during a long period of evolution. However, having opposite approaches to the essence of crediting, in fact, they are identical as credit systems channel savings into productive investments. Actually, credit itself performs redistributive function in the economy and, at the same time, bank institutions have the function of capital formation. It is proposed that in current economic situation the establishment of credit relations between banks and borrowers is possible only in the context of theoretical justification of the nature of the loan, its role in the reproduction process and implementation at the state level with the aim of reliability lending to agribusiness with scientifically proved supervision in market functioning by a decision-making methods through the implementation of legislative framework in the field of crediting, insurance, taxation, budget policy, aimed at the improving of credit relations, supporting bank institutions and the agrarian sector and as a result it will contribute to overcome the financial crises.
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Kaliba, Aloyce R., Donald R. Andrews, Ghirmay S. Ghebreyesus, and Ashagre A. Yigletu. "Estimating the Impact of Transaction Cost and Taxes on Ghana's Economywide Technical Efficiency Using Social Accounting Matrix Data." Journal of Developing Areas 59, no. 1 (2025): 179–206. https://doi.org/10.1353/jda.2025.a952660.
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ABSTRACT: This study focuses on analyzing the technical efficiency of the Ghana economy within an input-output model framework using a biased-corrected data envelope analysis technique. The input-output data is from Ghana's 2019 Social Accounting Matrix, a detailed empirical representation of an economy's circular flow between production, income distribution, and expenditure, reflecting input allocation according to the existing production technology. The input-output table from the matrix represents the composition of product-sale destinations (outputs) in rows and the composition of raw materials and gross value-added expenses (inputs) in columns, the variables needed in an economywide productive efficiency analysis. There are two approaches for conducting productivity analysis: parametric analysis using stochastic frontier and nonparametric approach using data envelopment analysis. This study preferred data envelopment analysis that relates feasible input and output combinations based on the available data rather than demanding apriori production or cost-function specification. A biased-corrected data envelopment analysis model was applied, which has the advantage of jointly incorporating inputs, outputs, and exogenous variables that might be a source of inefficiency. Results show that Ghana's Gross Domestic Product was $68,338 million in current US dollars in 2019, and the manufacturing sector was the main driver of Ghana's economy, supplying about 48.2 percent of the domestic goods and services, 45.02 percent of intermediate inputs, and 58.04 percent of exports. The average import tax was 12.38 percent. Transaction costs on the value of domestically produced goods and services and value-added tax were 14.75 percent and 0.93 percent, respectively. The average technical efficiency score was 0.954, implying that the industries in Ghana could decrease their inputs by about 4.6 percent while keeping their output constant. Industries in the livestock, fisheries & forestry, and crop sectors were more technically efficient than those in the manufacturing and service sectors. The most inefficient industries were the information & communication and clothing and footwear industries. Although the impact of transaction costs and taxes on technical efficiency was indeterminate, the average technical efficiency decreased to 0.82 after correction for bias. Therefore, the Ghanaian economy can achieve an 18 percent reduction in input requirements while producing the same output level by reducing transaction costs and implementing optimal tax policies. The study generates critical information for policymakers and development agents in Ghana. It is also replicable for developing countries seeking to identify and scale the impact of fiscal policies on economic growth.
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Yulianti, Utami A., Mas Sadjono, and Slamet Hartono. "Mobilitas Sirkuler Daya Faktor-faktor Yang mempengaruhinya Di Desa Sidorejo Kec Ponjong Kab Gunung Kidul = Circular Mobility And The Factors Influencing It In Sidorejo Village Ponjong Sub District Gunung Kidul Regency." Agro Ekonomi 10, no. 1 (2016): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/agroekonomi.16791.
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The research aims to find out the factors affecting the circular mobility and the impact of circular mobility on farm production and farmers income.Primary data are .from sample farmers migrant and non migrant. The sample size is 70. The data analyzed by logit model and by difference mean testThe result showed. the affecting factors to circular mobility are. ll. The rural income is negatif flea. 2). Land size is posilif affect 3). wage ratio urban rural negatif affect, The impact of circular mobility increas production and .farmer income. The income ofmigrant familly is Rp -1722611 per year and Rp 2848168 per year for non migrant. The mobility activity contributed higher peoduction and income for migran.
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Malatyinszki, Szilárd, Szilvia Módos-Szalai, Szonja Jenei, Etelka Kerekes, and Botond Géza Kálmán. "Impact of Material Consumption and Circular Economy on National Income in Europe – Chapter 2." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 11 (2024): e09639. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n11-041.
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Objective: This study investigates resource productivity by exploring the factors that influence it and the strength of their impact using sustainability statistics from Eurostat. Theoretical Framework: The research analyzes the interdependence between national income and material consumption, with a focus on the paradoxical effects of circular material use on these variables. Method: Data from bibliographic sources are analyzed using statistical methods, including regression and path models, to assess the relationships between material consumption, national income, and the use of circular materials. Results and Discussion: The study concludes that national income and material consumption are interdependent, with material consumption directly affecting national income. Notably, the use of circular materials, contrary to expectations, increases material use and decreases national income. The cases of Hungary and the Netherlands are specifically examined to illustrate these findings. Research Implications: The findings suggest that strategies to increase resource productivity and sustainability performance need to consider the complex and sometimes counterintuitive impacts of circular material use on national income and material consumption. Originality/Value: This study provides new insights into the relationship between resource productivity, national income, and material consumption, highlighting the unexpected effects of circular material use. It contributes to the broader understanding of sustainability performance, particularly in the context of Hungary and the Netherlands.
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Malatyinszki, Szilárd, Szilvia Módos-Szalai, Szonja Jenei, Etelka Kerekes, and Botond Géza Kálmán. "Impact of Material Consumption and Circular Economy on National Income in Europe – Chapter 1." Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental 18, no. 11 (2024): e09634. http://dx.doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n11-035.
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Objective: This study investigates resource productivity by exploring the factors that influence it and the strength of their impact using sustainability statistics from Eurostat. Theoretical Framework: The research analyzes the interdependence between national income and material consumption, with a focus on the paradoxical effects of circular material use on these variables. Method: Data from bibliographic sources are analyzed using statistical methods, including regression and path models, to assess the relationships between material consumption, national income, and the use of circular materials. Results and Discussion: The study concludes that national income and material consumption are interdependent, with material consumption directly affecting national income. Notably, the use of circular materials, contrary to expectations, increases material use and decreases national income. The cases of Hungary and the Netherlands are specifically examined to illustrate these findings. Research Implications: The findings suggest that strategies to increase resource productivity and sustainability performance need to consider the complex and sometimes counterintuitive impacts of circular material use on national income and material consumption. Originality/Value: This study provides new insights into the relationship between resource productivity, national income, and material consumption, highlighting the unexpected effects of circular material use. It contributes to the broader understanding of sustainability performance, particularly in the context of Hungary and the Netherlands.
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Souppez, Jean-Baptiste R. G., Patrick Bot, and Ignazio Maria Viola. "Turbulent flow around circular arcs." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 1 (2022): 015121. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0075875.
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Ferreira, R. L., and E. D. R. Vieira. "FLOW AROUND MODIFIED CIRCULAR CILYNDERS." Revista de Engenharia Térmica 3, no. 1 (2004): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/reterm.v3i1.3482.
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The flow around a circular cylinder has awaken the attention of different
researchers since the historic Strouhal's work of 1878. Ever since, many
experimental and numeric works have been carried out in order to
determine the relationship between the vortex shedding frequency and the
flow regime. Recently, a number of studies have been developed using
several small modifications in circular cylinder. In this work a circular
cylinder modified with a longitudinal concave notch, has been tested in
order to determine the relationship between the non-dimensional vortex
shedding frequency (Strouhal number) and the Reynolds number has been
determined to Reynolds up to 600. Additionally a modified circular
cylinder with a longitudinal slit also has been tested in order to determine
the Strouhal-Reynolds relationship in several attack angle configurations.
The experiments have been carried out in a vertical low turbulence
hydrodynamic tunnel with 146x146x500 mm of test section operating in
continuous mode. Flow visualization by direct liquid dye injection has been
utilized in order to produce vortex images. These images have been
captured in still chemical photography for different Reynolds numbers. A
hot-film probe has been adequately positioned in the vortex wake to
determine the vortex shedding frequency and consequently the Strouhal
number.
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Raspaud, Andre, and Xuding Zhu. "Circular flow on signed graphs." Journal of Combinatorial Theory, Series B 101, no. 6 (2011): 464–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jctb.2011.02.007.
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Chen, Jian Zhong. "Material flow and circular economy." Systems Research and Behavioral Science 26, no. 2 (2009): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sres.968.
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Boubnov, B. M., E. B. Gledzer, and E. J. Hopfinger. "Stratified circular Couette flow: instability and flow regimes." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 292 (June 10, 1995): 333–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112095001558.
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The stability conditions of the flow between two concentric cylinders with the inner one rotating (circular Couette flow) have been investigated experimentally and theoretically for a fluid with axial, stable linear density stratification. The behaviour of the flow, therefore, depends on the Froude number Fr = Ω/N (where Ω is the angular velocity of the inner cylinder and N is the buoyancy frequency of the fluid) in addition to the Reynolds number and the non-dimensional gap width ε, here equal to 0.275.Experiments show that stratification has a stabilizing effect on the flow with the critical Reynolds number depending on N, in agreement with linear stability theory. The selected, most amplified, vertical wavelength at onset of instability is reduced by the stratification effect and is for the geometry considered only about half the gap width. Furthermore, the observed instability is non-axisymmetric. The resulting vortex motion causes some mixing and this leads to layer formation, clearly visible on shadowgraph images, with the height of the layer being determined by the vertical vortex size. This regime of vertically reduced vortex size is referred to as the S-regime.For larger Reynolds and Froude numbers the role of stratification decreases and the most amplified vertical wavelength is determined by the gap width, giving rise to the usual Taylor vortices (we call this the T-regime). The layers which emerge are determined by these vortices. For relatively small Reynolds number when Fr ≈ 1 the Taylor vortices are stable and the layers have a height h equal to the gap width; for larger Reynolds number or Fr ≈ 2 the Taylor vortices interact in pairs (compacted Taylor vortices, regime CT) and layers of twice the gap width are predominant. Stratification inhibits the azimuthal wavy vortex flow observed in homogeneous fluid. By further increasing the Reynolds number, turbulent motions appear with Taylor vortices superimposed like in non-stratified fluid.The theoretical analysis is based on a linear stability consideration of the axisymmetric problem. This gives bounds of instability in the parameter space (Ω, N) for given vertical and radial wavenumbers. These bounds are in qualitative agreement with experiments. The possibility of oscillatory-type instability (overstability) observed experimentally is also discussed.
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Boubnov, B. "Stratified circular Couette flow: instability and flow regimes." International Journal of Multiphase Flow 22 (December 1996): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-9322(97)88413-3.
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Wirya Abdulrazaq, Alend, and Mohamed M. Arbili. "Comparison Between Circular Sewer Pipe and Non-Circular Sewer Cross Sections." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1374, no. 1 (2024): 012056. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1374/1/012056.
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Abstract Circular pipes offer a significant advantage over non-circular ones because they maintain a higher flow velocity when half full or nearly full, even when the slope is the same. This advantage stems from the geometry of circles, which, among all polygon shapes, has the largest area for a given perimeter. As a result, circular pipes are the most cost-effective option for construction. However, when dealing with relatively low fluid flow, circular sections may not be the most efficient choice. At lower flow rates, there is greater friction when the flow cross-section is increases, leading to lower flow velocities. This lower velocity is the main drawback of circular pipes, as it provides more opportunities for sediment to settle within the pipe. Sewer system where the water level varies throughout the day. Using the Manning equation, you can easily observe this phenomenon. As the water level decreases, the flow speed also slows down because the space available for water to flow through becomes more restricted. When the water flow is reduced, maintaining a sufficiently high flow speed is crucial to prevent the accumulation of waste or debris. This emphasizes the importance of exploring different shapes for sewer pipes to find the most effective one. The current research employed both numerical and graphical analysis to illustrate the subtle differences between circular and non-circular cross sections. This discrepancy is particularly evident within a fullness ratio range of 0.05% to 0.25%. Conversely, beyond this range, circular sections exhibit a relatively higher velocity.
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Kim, Jaehee, and Kyung-Soo Yang. "Flow instability in Flow Past O-grooved Circular Cylinder." Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B 39, no. 4 (2015): 325–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3795/ksme-b.2015.39.4.325.
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NAKAYAMA, Keisuke, Yasushi HORIKAWA, and Takuya MIKAMI. "FLOW AROUND A CIRCULAR CYLINDER IN A SUPERCRITICAL FLOW." PROCEEDINGS OF HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING 43 (1999): 365–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prohe.43.365.
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Ogawa, Kohei, Shiro Yoshikawa, Akira Suguro, Jun Ikeda, and Hirohisa Ogawa. "Flow characteristics and circular pipe flow of pulp-suspension." JOURNAL OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING OF JAPAN 23, no. 1 (1990): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1252/jcej.23.1.
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Cressely, R., and J. P. Decruppe. "Flow birefringence visualization of transitions in circular Couette flow." Experiments in Fluids 13, no. 1 (1992): 43–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00208074.
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Hashizume, Naoki, and Yoshihiro KUBOTA. "Flow around circular plate with holes." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2020 (2020): OS03–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2020.os03-11.
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Wang, Dong Sheng, Yu Tian Wang, and Wei Wei Pan. "A Circular Target Flow Measurement System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 427-429 (September 2013): 1233–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.427-429.1233.
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Based on the relation between the wavelength shift of sensing FBG and the strain, a flow measuring device of the circular target binding Fiber Bragg Grating with the cantilever is designed and the mathematical model based on a circular target flow measurement system is established. Through the flow experiment, we can get the flow test result. The experimental data error analysis can be concluded to verify the feasibility and precision of the design.
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Ko, N. W. M., Y. C. Leung, and J. J. J. Chen. "Flow past V-groove circular cylinders." AIAA Journal 25, no. 6 (1987): 806–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.9704.
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Shirani, Ebrahim. "Compressible Flow Around a Circular Cylinder." Journal of Applied Sciences 1, no. 4 (2001): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2001.472.476.
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Lebiga, Vadim, Vitaliy Zinoviev, Alexey Pak, and Ivan Zharov. "The Circular Gap Couette Flow Modeling." Siberian Journal of Physics 11, no. 4 (2016): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2016-11-4-52-60.
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The simulation of Couette flow inside the circular gap between coaxial cylinders is observed due to the difficulty of the experimental implementation of the equal plane one, especially for rarefied gas conditions and high Knudsen numbers. Geometry configuration of the experimental facility have been defined in order to minimize speed profile deviation inside the gap from linear shape, existing in case of laminar flow and preventing appearance of Taylor – Gërtler vortexes with chosen flow parameters. The previous stage, that was conducted using the hot-wire anemometer in atmosphere pressure conditions has shown the efficiency of the facility and sufficient agreement of calibration data, received using considered calibration method and data of standard calibration approach when the model wind tunnel DISA is applied.
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Moustafa, Gamal H., and A. M. Alam El-din. "Flow Past a Grooved Circular Cylinder." ERJ. Engineering Research Journal 21, no. 2 (1998): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/erjm.1998.73025.
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Castro-Orgaz, O., J. V. Giráldez, and J. L. Ayuso. "Critical Flow over Circular Crested Weirs." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 134, no. 11 (2008): 1661–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:11(1661).
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Zdravkovich, M. M. "Flow Around Two Intersecting Circular Cylinders." Journal of Fluids Engineering 107, no. 4 (1985): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3242521.
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One aspect of the flow around two intersecting cylinders, which has attracted little attention so far, is the structure of a three-dimensional near-wake behind the intersection. Some preliminary measurements of pressure distributions along the span were complemented by oil-film surface flow visualization. A strong secondary flow was found in the near-wake which extended spanwise more than three diameters from the intersection. The main feature was the formation of four symmetrically positioned pairs of swirling vortices which originated from the surface of the cylinders. The secondary flow caused an increase in the local drag coefficient.