Relevant bibliographies by topics / The closed society

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The closed society'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The closed society"

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Lippert, Stefan, and Thomas Ammann. "Open Society, Closed Market?" Japanstudien 21, no. 1 (January 2010): 301–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09386491.2010.11826999.

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Bobbio, Norberto. "The Closed and Open Society [1946]." Australian Journal of Politics & History 42, no. 1 (June 28, 2008): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8497.1996.tb01354.x.

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Šijaković, Bogoljub. "“Open Society”, Closed Interpretation of History, Responsibility." Philotheos 11 (2011): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/philotheos20111117.

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Springer, Bryan D., and Fares S. Haddad. "The Knee Society Closed Meeting Supplement 2020." Bone & Joint Journal 102-B, no. 6_Supple_A (June 2020): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.102b6.bjj-2020-0731.

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Springer, B. D., and F. S. Haddad. "The Knee Society Closed Meeting Supplement 2019." Bone & Joint Journal 101-B, no. 7_Supple_C (July 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/0301-620x.101b7.bjj-2019-0604.

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NAFISI, AZAR. "Fiction: Open Space in a Closed Society." New Perspectives Quarterly 22, no. 3 (June 2005): 12–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5842.2005.739_1.x.

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Radina, N. K. "M.Yu. Kondratyev’s Social Psychological Phenomenon of “Closedness”: From a “Closed Group” to a “Closed Society”." Social Psychology and Society 7, no. 1 (2016): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2016070104.

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The paper traces the logic of research into the phenomenon of “closedness” from a small group to a “closed society”. The works of Mikhail Kondratyev dedicated to closed groups are reviewed in the context of research on orphanages and as crucial in defining the psychological content of the very phenomenon of “social closedness”. As an example of how M. Kondratyev’s key ideas on closed groups may be applied, the paper presents an empirical research on the “closed society”. It is argued that all basic social psychological patterns discovered by M. Kondratyev in small closed groups are completely relevant to the ones found in the big closed group — the “closed society”.
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Ishikawa, Masanobu. "Composite Materials in Closed Loop Society-structural Value." Seikei-Kakou 30, no. 2 (January 20, 2018): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4325/seikeikakou.30.55.

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Cheney, Frederick W. "The American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project." Anesthesiology 91, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 552–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-199908000-00030.

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Smith, R. "Twenty steps towards a "closed society" on health." BMJ 295, no. 6613 (December 19, 1987): 1633–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.295.6613.1633.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The closed society"

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Fox, Lisa Ann. "Cracking the Closed Society: James W. Silver and the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28419/.

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This thesis examines the life of James Wesley Silver, a professor of history at the University of Mississippi for twenty-six years and author of Mississippi: The Closed Society, a scathing attack on the Magnolia State's history of racial oppression. In 1962, Silver witnessed the campus riot resulting from James Meredith's enrollment as the first black student at the state's hallowed public university and claims this was the catalyst for writing his book. However, by examining James Silver's personal and professional activities and comparing them with the political, cultural, and social events taking place concurrently, this paper demonstrates that his entire life, the gamut of his experiences, culminated in the creation of his own rebel yell, Mississippi: The Closed Society. Chapter 1 establishes Silver's environment by exploring the history and sociology of the South during the years of his residency. Chapter 2 discusses Silver's background and early years, culminating with his appointment as a faculty member of the University of Mississippi in 1936. Chapter 3 reveals Silver's personal and professional life during the 1940s, as well as the era's notable historical events. The decade of the 1950s is discussed in chapter 4, particularly the civil rights movement, Silver's response to these changes, and those in his own life. Chapter 5 follows the path of James Meredith's integration of Ole Miss, the publication of Silver's book, and its aftermath. The conclusion is a brief epilogue of Silver's post-Mississippi life.
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Wallace, David James. "The freedom of the press in a closed society: Civil rights movement journalism and segregationist pressure." Diss., Connect to online resource, 2006. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1439454.

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Armbruester, Thomas Friedrich. "The German corporation : an open or closed society?; an application of Popperian ideas to organisational analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312773.

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Armbruster, Thomas Friedrich. "The German corporation : an open or closed society? : an application of Popperian ideas to organizational analysis." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2619/.

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In this thesis, Karl Popper's paradigm of openness and closure is employed in order to investigate organisational culture in German corporations with respect to three issues: (1) whether organisational culture tends to correspond to or contradict the pattern of peer-group, or concertive, control that has recently been identified in organisations; (2) to what extent organisational cultures in Germany match German national culture; and (3) how German corporations react to the dilemma of being constrained by the extremes of openness and closure. In doing so, the position of German corporations are identified in relation to the concepts of openness and closure. With regard to the first issue, the current discourse on concertive control in critical organisation studies is outlined, and fourteen German manufacturing companies are investigated employing a questionnaire. Two broad clusters of organisational cultures are identified and it is concluded that one cluster matches the pattern of concertive control, whereas the other does not. With regard to the second issue, German national culture is outlined on the basis of secondary sources. Drawing on the organisational cultures identified, it turns out that they considerably correspond to national culture. With respect to the third issue, two kinds of company-internal differentiation, interfunctional and interdimensional, are investigated as possible mechanisms of reacting to the dilemma. Interdimensional differentiation is ascertained to be the preferred strategy. The question of whether German corporations tend towards openness or closure is answered by referring to the two identified clusters of organisational culture. One cluster has considerable traits of closure, whereas the other is more open.
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Gibbs, Joseph Thomas. "Mass communication and political change in the closed society: a qualitative assessment of glasnostʹ during the first phase of perestroika, 1985-1988." Thesis, Boston University, 1994. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/35433.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Boston University
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MELO, Hanna Lima da Costa Ferreira de. "A busca de distinção social materializada no espaço: A habitação como marca à luz da retórica publicitária Dos condomínios fechados alphaville são paulo (1974-1990)." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2015. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/17512.

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Submitted by Irene Nascimento (irene.kessia@ufpe.br) on 2016-07-21T17:43:16Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) distinçãosocialdissertação.pdf: 79432351 bytes, checksum: 48552eacac2823f31ec79f1677313104 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-21T17:43:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 1232 bytes, checksum: 66e71c371cc565284e70f40736c94386 (MD5) distinçãosocialdissertação.pdf: 79432351 bytes, checksum: 48552eacac2823f31ec79f1677313104 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-24
FACEPE
O objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar o morar nos condomínios fechados não como uma simples resposta a crescente violência urbana, fortalezas defensivas contra os perigos e ameaças à espreita nas ruas, mas como uma forma de distinção e status. Assim, o enfoque volta-se ao entendimento dessa tipologia urbana como a transfiguração de um tipo de habitação em objeto de consumo, atravessada pela publicidade e permeada de conotações com diferentes significados e hierarquias, de prestígio e de moda, parte de uma lógica da diferenciação característica da sociedade de consumo sobre a qual discorreu Jean Baudrillard. A partir dessa referência teórica optou-se, como procedimento metodológico, privilegiar a análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin dos anúncios imobiliários dos residenciais AlphaVille-SP, de modo a mostrar como esses anúncios tornaram os condomínios uma moradia extremamente atraente, dialogando com valores caros à sociedade contemporânea.
The objective of this project research is to analyze the living in gated communities not as a simple response to the growing urban violence, defensive fortresses against the dangers and threats lurking on the streets, but as a way of distinction and status. Thus, the focus turns to the understanding of this urban typology as the transfiguration of housing in a consumer object, crossed by advertising and fraught with connotations with different meanings and hierarchies of prestige and fashion, part of a logic of differentiation feature of the consumer society on which Jean Baudrillard argued about. From this theoretical framework was chosen, as methodological procedure, to privilege the analysis of content proposed by Bardin of the real estate ads of AlphaVille-SP residentials, in order to show how these ads made condominiums a very attractive housing, interacting with important values to the contemporary society.
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Delsart, Didier. "La notion de "société ouverte" chez Bergson et Popper." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE3024.

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On a l’habitude, concernant Bergson et Popper, de souligner que le second emprunte au premier la notion de « société ouverte » en la détournant de son sens. C’est une erreur : au moment où il met cette notion au centre de La société ouverte et ses ennemis, Popper est persuadé d’être l’inventeur de la notion. Lorsqu’il apprend que Bergson en a fait usage avant lui, il marque la différence entre les deux sociétés ouvertes tout en reconnaissant une similitude entre les deux sociétés closes. Mais comment, si la société close s’oppose, par définition, à la société ouverte, et si les deux notions de « société close » sont similaires, les deux notions de « société ouverte » pourraient-elles être fondamentalement dissemblables ? Nous nous demandons, dans une première partie, jusqu’où les deux sociétés closes peuvent être considérées comme similaires et s’il est possible d’en construire une conception unifiée. Nous cherchons d’abord à montrer comment Bergson et Popper, en partant de problèmes différents, finissent par se rejoindre sur la notion d’une morale naturelle close. Nous montrons ensuite que ces deux modalités du clos — exclusivisme guerrier et holisme conservateur — se trouvent chez les deux auteurs, sans qu’ils ne leur accordent la même importance : un certain nombre de différences souterraines annoncent les oppositions à venir sur la société ouverte. Ces différences n’empêchent toutefois pas l’élaboration d’une conception unifiée de la société close. Nous suivons Bergson pour articuler les deux modalités du clos en considérant que la cohésion sociale trouve en partie sa source dans l’hostilité à l’égard des ennemis. Notre deuxième partie se demande si ce qui apparaît au premier abord comme contradictoire entre les deux sociétés ouvertes ne pourrait pas plutôt être considéré comme des tensions au sein d’une même société ouverte. Nous insistons d’abord sur ce qui peut apparaître comme contradictoire en montrant que l’ouverture n’a pas le même sens chez Bergson et chez Popper : passage de la cité à une société comprenant l’humanité pour le premier, passage à une cité où sont libérés les pouvoirs critiques de l’homme pour le second. La société ouverte de Popper est close pour Bergson, la société ouverte de Bergson relève pour Popper d’une nostalgie pour la société close. Mais la contradiction vient du fait qu’on compare la modalité de l’ouvert que chacun privilégie et qui n’est pas la même. Il faut, pour avoir une vision plus juste, comparer la modalité rationaliste de l’ouverture chez les deux auteurs, et la modalité mystique de l’ouverture chez l’un et chez l’autre. En procédant à cette comparaison, on peut montrer que ces deux modalités sont l’une et l’autre une façon, pour une société, de transcender la nature, d’être créatrice. En ce qui concerne la modalité rationaliste de l’ouverture, c’est Popper qui parvient à en montrer le caractère créateur, sur le plan théorique comme sur le plan pratique — Bergson en étant empêché par sa conception de l’intelligence ; pour ce qui est de la modalité mystique, c’est Bergson qui montre comment elle permet à une société de transcender, au moins partiellement, la nature — Popper en étant empêché par sa conception de l’amour. A partir de là, il ne semble pas impossible d’élaborer une conception unifiée de la société ouverte articulant ces deux modalités : la modalité rationaliste de l’ouverture repose sur la foi en la fraternité humaine, laquelle ne peut trouver son plein élan que dans la modalité mystique. Il est vrai qu’il y a tension entre ces deux modalités de l’ouvert, mais leur équilibre est nécessaire à la société qui s’ouvre : la présence de la modalité mystique évite à la modalité rationaliste, qui permet le conflit, une dégénérescence guerrière ; la présence de la modalité rationaliste évite à la modalité mystique, qui transcende les conflits dans l’enthousiasme, de dégénérer en « nationalisme mystique »
It is usually said, when talking about Bergson and Popper, that the former borrows the notion of “open society” to the latter and diverts its meaning. It is a mistake: when he puts this notion in the center of The open society and its enemies, Popper is convinced that he is the one who came up with the notion. When he learns that Bergson used it before him, he underlines the differences between both open societies, while admitting a similarity between both closed societies. But how, if the closed society opposes, by definition, the open society, and if both notions of “closed society” are similar, could both notions of “open society” be fundamentally dissimilar?We are wondering, in our first part, to what degree the two closed societies can be considered similar, and if it is possible to build a unified conception of both of them. We are first seeking to show how Bergson and Popper, while starting from different issues, end up reuniting on the notion of a closed natural morality. We are then showing that these two modalities of the closed – warrior exclusivism and conservative holism – are found in both authors, although they don’t give it the same degree of importance: a number of underlying differences are announcing the upcoming oppositions on the open society. These differences, however, do not prevent the elaboration of a unified conception for the closed society. We are following Bergson to articulate both modalities of the closed while considering that social cohesion comes partly from hostility towards enemies. Our second part questions if what first shows up as a contradiction between both open societies could not be considered rather as tensions among one same open society. We first insist on what can appear as contradictory by showing that openness doesn’t have the same meaning for Bergson it does for Popper: for the former, it’s stepping from the city to a society containing humanity. For the latter, it’s stepping to a city where man’s critical powers are liberated. Popper’s open society is closed to Bergson, and Bergson’s open society is, to Popper, an expression of the longing for the unity of the closed society. But the contradiction comes from comparing each author’s preferred modality for openness, which differs. It is necessary, to have a better vision, to compare the rationalist modality of openness for both authors, as well as the mystical modality of openness for one and the other.By proceeding to this comparison, we can show that these two modalities are both a way for a society to transcend nature, for it to be inventive or creative. When it comes to the rationalist modality of openness, Popper is the one who manages to show its creative aspect, in both theory and practice – Bergson being restrained to do so by his conception of intelligence; when it comes to the mystical modality, it is Bergson who shows how it allows a society to transcend, at least partially, nature – Popper being restrained to do so by his conception of love.From this point, it doesn’t seem impossible to elaborate a unified conception for the open society articulating both of these modalities: the rationalist modality of openness is based on faith in human fraternity, which can only reach its fullest with the mystical modality. It is true that there is tension between these two modalities of openness, but their balance is necessary for a society that opens up: the mystical modality’s presence prevents the rationalist modality, that allows conflict, to fall into warrior degeneracy; the rationalist modality’s presence prevents the mystical modality, that transcends conflicts in enthusiasm, to degenerate into “mystical nationalism”
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Vanderwall, Donna Staab. "Continuity of sibling relationships: A descriptive profile of "close" vs. "not-close" sibling relationships." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1989. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/132.

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Stavrianakis, Anna. "Too close for comfort? : NGOs, global civil society and the U.K. arms trade." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/988b9570-8f31-4538-b7a9-ec8839b1ef70.

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Abessolo, Metogo Christel-Donald. "Enjeux politiques du rationalisme critique chez Karl Popper." Phd thesis, Université Charles de Gaulle - Lille III, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01019885.

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L'intérêt de l'humanité pour la connaissance se joue sur deux fronts : celui de la réduction de l'ignorance, et celui de l'action tant individuelle que collective. Aussi la manière dont nous acquérons le savoir est-elle essentielle, parce qu'elle préjuge aussi bien de notre perception du monde que de notre conscience de nous-mêmes et de la société. Car si, avec la raison comme alliée, l'homme se découvre des potentialités illimitées, nous aurions pourtant tort de passe outre une stricte réalité, celle de notre ignorance infinie, celle, au fond, de notre incapacité à cerner, de façon sûre et certaine, quoi que ce soit de ce monde complexe et en évolution constante qui nous accueille. C'est pourquoi, pour Karl Popper, toute rationalité véritable doit être critique, c'est-à-dire pluraliste et débattante, seule façon de considérer objectivement l'écart qui nous sépare de la vérité et, par suite, d'agir avec prudence et discernement, dans l'intérêt de la science comme dans celui de la collectivité.
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Books on the topic "The closed society"

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Mississippi: The closed society. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012.

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Silver, James W. Mississippi: The closed society. Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2012.

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Kinkead, Gwen. Chinatown: A portrait of a closed society. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

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Naylor, Thomas H. The Gorbachev strategy: Opening the closed society. Lexington, Mass: Lexington Books, 1988.

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Kinkead, Gwen. Chinatown: A portrait of a closed society. New York, NY: HarperCollins, 1992.

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Bayliss, Valerie. Redefining schooling: A challenge to a closed society. London: RSA, 1998.

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Tensions of transition: Democracy in a closed society. Nairobi, Kenya: Kenya Human Rights Commission, 2005.

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Yehezkely, Chen. Closed education in the open society: Kibbutz education as a case study. Amsterdam: Rodopi, 2012.

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Open friendship in a closed society: Mission Mississippi and a theology of friendship. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

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lecturer, Armstrong Gary, ed. The maximum surveillance society: The rise of CCTV. Oxford: Berg, 1999.

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Book chapters on the topic "The closed society"

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Maccarini, Andrea M. "Introduction: Unbound Morphogenesis in a Closed World." In Deep Change and Emergent Structures in Global Society, 1–13. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13624-6_1.

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Tomusk, Voldemar. "The Communication Community and the Scam of the Knowledge Society." In The Open World and Closed Societies, 145–66. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403979476_10.

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Maccarini, Andrea M. "Formations of the Secular. Transcendence in a Closed World." In Deep Change and Emergent Structures in Global Society, 185–215. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13624-6_7.

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Fujiyama, Hideki. "Evolution of Cooperation in a Situation with a Risk: a Closed Society versus an Open Society." In Enabling Society with Information Technology, 224–33. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66979-1_22.

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Godfrey, Emelyne. "Behind Closed Doors in Mona Caird’s The Wing of Azrael (1889)." In Femininity, Crime and Self-Defence in Victorian Literature and Society, 33–63. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137284563_4.

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Howlin, Niamh, Kevin Costello, and Lindsey Earner-Byrne. "‘Behind Closed Doors’: Society, Law and Familial Violence in Ireland, 1922–1990." In Law and the Family in Ireland, 1800–1950, 142–59. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60636-5_9.

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Santora, Albert H. "United States: Chronic Pain Management (American Society of Anesthesiologists’ Closed Claims Project)." In Complications of Regional Anesthesia, 463–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49386-2_33.

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Geißler, A., and H. Weber. "Dynamic Material Properties of a Closed—Cell Polyethylene Foam." In Third European Rheology Conference and Golden Jubilee Meeting of the British Society of Rheology, 552–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0781-2_188.

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Geißler, A., and W. Schmitt. "Investigations of a Closed-Cell Foam with Scanning Electron Microscopy." In Third European Rheology Conference and Golden Jubilee Meeting of the British Society of Rheology, 555–57. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0781-2_189.

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Puschmann-Nalenz, Barbara. "In the Narrative Fiction of a Global Society Closed Spaces No Longer Exist." In Transmodern Perspectives on Contemporary Literatures in English, 103–20. New York : Routledge, 2019. | Series: Routledge studies in contemporary literature ; 29: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429243639-7.

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Conference papers on the topic "The closed society"

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Tani, T. "Product development and recycle system for closed substance cycle society." In Proceedings First International Symposium on Environmentally Conscious Design and Inverse Manufacturing. IEEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecodim.1999.747627.

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Blankenship, H. B., and F. D. Wallace. "Closed-loop postoperative autotransfusion." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.95108.

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Balasubramanian, Sivakumar, Ruihua Wei, and Jiping He. "RUPERT closed loop control design." In 2008 30th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2008.4649952.

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Canova, Aldo, Fabio Freschi, Luca Giaccone, and Maurizio Repetto. "Optimal design of closed multilayer magnetic shields." In 2017 International Applied Computational Electromagnetics Society Symposium - Italy (ACES). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ropaces.2017.7916413.

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Glavic, M., and T. Van Cutsem. "Adaptive wide-area closed-loop undervoltage load shedding using synchronized measurements." In Energy Society General Meeting. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pes.2010.5589279.

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Toh, Huey Ling, Lois Wright Hawkes, and R. C. Lacher. "Adaptive query-based model for improved ranking in closed domain factoid question answering." In 2010 International Conference on Information Society (i-Society 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/i-society16502.2010.6018709.

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Hang Zhang, Sivakumar Balasubramanian, Ruihua Wei, Hiroko Austin, Sharon Buchanan, Richard Herman, and Jiping He. "RUPERT closed loop control design." In 2010 32nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2010.5627647.

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Li, Wen. "Evasion in closed area with observation limits." In IECON 2017 - 43rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2017.8217301.

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Gada, K., P. Desai, A. Chu, and G. Trikha. "Closed Pleural Biopsy: Still a Valuable Tool." In American Thoracic Society 2019 International Conference, May 17-22, 2019 - Dallas, TX. American Thoracic Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2019.199.1_meetingabstracts.a3916.

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Vishnoi, R., and R. J. Roy. "Adaptive control of closed-circuit anesthesia." In Proceedings of the Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.1988.94719.

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Reports on the topic "The closed society"

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Wøien Meijer, Mari, and Alberto Giacometti. Nordic border communities in the time of COVID-19. Nordregio, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/pb2021:3.2001-3876.

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Re-building cross-border collaboration will be vital after the COVID-19 crisis to secure resilient border communities and Nordic collaboration. The measures to limit the spread of the COVID-19 virus were disproportionally damaging for border communities. Healing the wounds inflicted on society, business and institutions demand coordinated actions at local, national, and Nordic levels. This policy brief gives a brief overview of the impact of border restrictions on border communities during the first nine months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The social and economic implications of closed borders have exposed the fragility of Nordic co-operation. The ability of border areas to exist side-by-side in an integrated, seamless way corresponds to the Nordic vision of being the most integrated region in the world, but the situation that unfolded shows a different story.
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Abell, Thomas, Arndt Husar, and Lim May-Ann. Cloud Computing as a Key Enabler for Tech Start-Ups across Asia and the Pacific. Asian Development Bank, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps210253-2.

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New enterprises that produce digital solutions for businesses, public institutions, civil society, and consumers play a vital role in shaping digital economies. These dynamic start-ups most effectively integrate leading talent and sources of capital. They are driven by an urgency to succeed quickly—if they do not, they will then seek to deploy skills and resources more effectively. Governments need to establish or refine policies and mechanisms that foster vibrant start-up ecosystems, enabled by foundational technologies such as cloud computing. This paper provides an overview of the opportunities and challenges involved and suggests how policymakers can help start-ups make the most of cloud-computing technologies.
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Anderson, Colin, Anderson, Colin, Rosie McGee, Niranjan Nampoothiri, John Gaventa, Salvador Forquilha, Zikora Ibeh, Victoria Ibezim-Ohaeri, et al. Navigating Civic Space in a Time of Covid: Synthesis Report. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/a4ea.2021.002.

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Since long before the Covid-19 pandemic emerged in 2020, civic space has been changing all over the globe, generally becoming more restricted and hazardous. The pandemic brought the suspension of many fundamental freedoms in the name of the public good, providing cover for a deepening of authoritarian tendencies but also spurring widespread civic activism on issues suddenly all the more important, ranging from emergency relief to economic impacts. Research partners in the Action for Empowerment and Accountability (A4EA)'s Navigating Civic Space in a Time of Covid project have explored these dynamics through real-time research embedded in civil society in Mozambique, Nigeria, and Pakistan, grounded in a close review of global trends.
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Stjernberg, Mats, Hjördís Rut Sigurjónsdóttir, and Mari Wøien Meijer. Unlocking the potential of silver economy in the Nordic Region. Nordregio, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.6027/r2021:7.1403-2503.

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This report focuses on the concept of the silver economy, which has emerged as a response to population ageing in Europe in recent years. The silver economy refers to all economic activities linked to older age groups. The concept is based on the notion that many older people continue to make valuable economic and societal contributions after retirement, and that older citizens can provide significant economic and societal benefits, particularly if they are healthy and active. This report examines policies and initiatives to promote the silver economy and the closely related concepts of healthy ageing, active ageing and age-friendliness. The report seeks to uncover what are the preconditions for expanding the Nordic silver economy, and how cross-border collaboration can help enhance the potential of the silver economy in border regions.
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Meadow, Alison, and Gigi Owen. Planning and Evaluating the Societal Impacts of Climate Change Research Projects: A guidebook for natural and physical scientists looking to make a difference. The University of Arizona, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/10150.658313.

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As scientists, we aim to generate new knowledge and insights about the world around us. We often measure the impacts of our research by how many times our colleagues reference our work, an indicator that our research has contributed something new and important to our field of study. But how does our research contribute to solving the complex societal and environmental challenges facing our communities and our planet? The goal of this guidebook is to illuminate the path toward greater societal impact, with a particular focus on this work within the natural and physical sciences. We were inspired to create this guidebook after spending a collective 20+ years working in programs dedicated to moving climate science into action. We have seen firsthand how challenging and rewarding the work is. We’ve also seen that this applied, engaged work often goes unrecognized and unrewarded in academia. Projects and programs struggle with the expectation of connecting science with decision making because the skills necessary for this work aren’t taught as part of standard academic training. While this guidebook cannot close all of the gaps between climate science and decision making, we hope it provides our community of impact-driven climate scientists with new perspectives and tools. The guidebook offers tested and proven approaches for planning projects that optimize engagement with societal partners, for identifying new ways of impacting the world beyond academia, and for developing the skills to assess and communicate these impacts to multiple audiences including the general public, colleagues, and elected leaders.
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Aalto, Juha, and Ari Venäläinen, eds. Climate change and forest management affect forest fire risk in Fennoscandia. Finnish Meteorological Institute, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35614/isbn.9789523361355.

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Forest and wildland fires are a natural part of ecosystems worldwide, but large fires in particular can cause societal, economic and ecological disruption. Fires are an important source of greenhouse gases and black carbon that can further amplify and accelerate climate change. In recent years, large forest fires in Sweden demonstrate that the issue should also be considered in other parts of Fennoscandia. This final report of the project “Forest fires in Fennoscandia under changing climate and forest cover (IBA ForestFires)” funded by the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland, synthesises current knowledge of the occurrence, monitoring, modelling and suppression of forest fires in Fennoscandia. The report also focuses on elaborating the role of forest fires as a source of black carbon (BC) emissions over the Arctic and discussing the importance of international collaboration in tackling forest fires. The report explains the factors regulating fire ignition, spread and intensity in Fennoscandian conditions. It highlights that the climate in Fennoscandia is characterised by large inter-annual variability, which is reflected in forest fire risk. Here, the majority of forest fires are caused by human activities such as careless handling of fire and ignitions related to forest harvesting. In addition to weather and climate, fuel characteristics in forests influence fire ignition, intensity and spread. In the report, long-term fire statistics are presented for Finland, Sweden and the Republic of Karelia. The statistics indicate that the amount of annually burnt forest has decreased in Fennoscandia. However, with the exception of recent large fires in Sweden, during the past 25 years the annually burnt area and number of fires have been fairly stable, which is mainly due to effective fire mitigation. Land surface models were used to investigate how climate change and forest management can influence forest fires in the future. The simulations were conducted using different regional climate models and greenhouse gas emission scenarios. Simulations, extending to 2100, indicate that forest fire risk is likely to increase over the coming decades. The report also highlights that globally, forest fires are a significant source of BC in the Arctic, having adverse health effects and further amplifying climate warming. However, simulations made using an atmospheric dispersion model indicate that the impact of forest fires in Fennoscandia on the environment and air quality is relatively minor and highly seasonal. Efficient forest fire mitigation requires the development of forest fire detection tools including satellites and drones, high spatial resolution modelling of fire risk and fire spreading that account for detailed terrain and weather information. Moreover, increasing the general preparedness and operational efficiency of firefighting is highly important. Forest fires are a large challenge requiring multidisciplinary research and close cooperation between the various administrative operators, e.g. rescue services, weather services, forest organisations and forest owners is required at both the national and international level.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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