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Pohl, Annika. "Sol−Gel Synthesis of CMR Manganites." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Materials Chemistry, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-3970.
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The development of more advanced materials forms the basis of technological progress. One group of fascinating compounds with many potential applications in spintronic devices are the mixed-valence perovskite manganites. These have attracted considerable interest during the last decade through their very large magnetoresistance near the Curie Temperature. Although the properties of a material determinie any application, the development of reliable and flexible synthesis methods is crucial, as is the understanding of these methods. Knowledge of how different materials are formed is also of general importance in tailoring new materials. The aim of this project has therefore been not only to develop a new synthesis route, but also to understand the mechanisms involved.
This thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of a novel manganese alkoxide and its use in sol–gel processing of magnetoresistive perovskite manganites. In searching for a soluble manganese alkoxide for sol–gel processing, we found that the methoxy-ethoxide, [Mn19O12(moe)14(moeH)10]·moeH, has a high solubility in appropriate organic solvents. Being 1.65 nm across, it is one of the largest alkoxides reported; it is also of interest because of its (for oxo-alkoxides) rare planar structure. After mixing with La, Nd, Ca, Sr, and Ba methoxy-ethoxides, [Mn19O12(moe)14(moeH)10]·moeH was used in the first purely alkoxide based sol–gel processing of perovskites manganites. The phase evolution on heating xerogel powders to 1000°C was studied, and thin films were prepared by spin-coating.
It was found that the easily oxidised Mn-alkoxide facilitates the formation of high oxygen-excess modifications of the perovskites. The reactive precursor system yields fully hydrolysed gels almost without organic residues, but the gel absorbs CO2 from the air, leading to carbonate formation. The carbonate decomposition is the limiting step in oxide formation. Transport measurements of La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films on LaAlO3 substrate show that all-alkoxide sol–gel derived films can compete with PLD films in terms of quality of epitaxy and transport. The somewhat different behaviour of the sol–gel derived films compared to PLD films is attributed to differences in morphology and oxygen stoichiometry.
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Vacek, Tomáš. "Úloha nákladního listu CMR v přepravních službách." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162838.
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The first part of this thesis is devoted to the General Convention of CMR, CMR consignment note, obligatory data which are necessary to write in and to the parties acting on the transport market. The second part will focus on the carrier's liability as same as liability of other parties, insurance carrier's liability for loss, damage or destruction of the consignment, lapse, complaint and insurance. This issue will be demonstrated and will discuss with the court decisions. The next section will be described and analyzed electronic CMR. This section tries to evaluate the positives and negatives of its use in practice and its future. In particular, this part will be engaged in research which has implemented among members by the International Road Transport Union.
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Malde, Nishil. "Raman spectroscopy of manganite (CMR) andcuprate (HTS) oxides." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.270622.
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Bhamra-Ariza, Paul. "The measurement of absolute myocardial perfusion in patients with coronary artery disease using 3T CMR and 1.5T CMR : validation against PET." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/9749.
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Objectives: To validate absolute measurement of myocardial blood flow (MBF) with 1.5 Tesla (T) and 3T cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) using positron emission tomography (PET) as the gold standard. Methods: 21 healthy subjects and 44 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) were randomised to undergo PET scanning using oxygen 15-labeled water and CMR scanning at either 1.5T or 3T, using a saturation recovery fast-gradient echo sequence and 0.04 mmol/kg gadolinium bolus. MBF was assessed at rest and during adenosine stress. CMR MBF was determined by model independent deconvolution Results: There was no significant difference in rest and stress rate pressure product during PET and CMR scanning at either field strength. Agreement between the two methods was tested by Bland Altman plots The mean difference between PET MBF and 3T CMR MBF was 0.30 ml/g/min, limits of agreement of -1.23 and 1.89 ml/g/min. For the 3T cohort the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary stenoses ≥50 % was 87% and 81 % for PET (threshold 1.93 ml/g/min) and 61% and 78% (threshold 1.73 ml/g/min) for 3T CMR. The mean difference between PET and 1.5T CMR was 0.05 ml/g/min, limits of agreement of -1.75 and 1.84 ml/g/min. For the 1.5T cohort the sensitivity and specificity for the detection of coronary stenoses ≥50 % was 84% and 94% for PET (threshold 1.98 ml/g/min) and 81% and 78% (threshold 2.29ml/g/min) for CMR. Conclusion: This study demonstrates there is no significant difference in mean MBF as measured by PET and CMR at either 1.5T or 3T CMR. However there is marked variation in values of MBF between different segments as demonstrated by the wide limits of agreements.
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Teo, Bee San. "A study of colossal magneto-resistance (CMR) thin films." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.625076.
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Dall'Armellina, Erica. "Applications of 3T CMR in acute coronary syndromes (ACS)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.589619.
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Introduction There is a pressing clinical need to treat patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) timely and efficiently in order to improve their prognosis. Standard tools available in ED, while useful, do not comprehensively characterize ACS for either diagnosis or risk stratification. The role of CMR in ACS is emerging because it allows assessment of both myocardial composition and function. Newer CMR techniques such as: a) T2 W imaging for assessing myocardial oedema and area at risk B) pre contrast T1 mapping techniques for quantitative characterization of the tissue composition, are adding further utility for CMR in ACS. At present the clinical use of these techniques is still limited and further investigations are needed to assess their clinical applicability in ACS patients. Aims The aims of this thesis were several. Firstly we sought to establish a CMR protocol for imaging ACS patients on a 3T CMR scanner. In order to do so, we validated a novel T2 W technique for oedema imaging (T2 prep SSFP) at 3T. Second, we aimed to perform a detailed study of the time course of oedema in ACS patients in order to establish the appropriate imaging time for the assessment of area at risk. Third, by applying T2W acute oedema imaging, we sought to investigate the functional and pathological meaning of complicated remote plaques in patients with multivessel disease. Finally, we aimed to establish whether, in comparison to standard CMR techniques, novel precontrast Tl mapping allows better characterisation of the acutely injured myocardium and whether it can predict long-term functional recovery. Methods The research studies were all performed on a 3T Trio Siemens scanner. In the initial stage of the research, we validated the T2 W technique performing phantom work and scanning both volunteers and patients to assess the uniformity of signal intensity in the myocardium and to establish a threshold based method to post process the images. We then established a CMR protocol for ACS including oedema imaging, T1 mapping imaging, perfusion, functional and late gadolinium enhancement imaging. Patients with acute myocardial infarction (both ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non STEMI) were scanned at 4 different time points after the acute event (3 scans within 2 weeks and one at 6 months). All STEMI patients underwent primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) while the non-STEMI patients underwent coronary angiography and for PCI. Results We validated the T2prep SSFP technique at 3T, highlighting its limitations and establishing a threshold of mean ± 2SD to assess myocardial oedema. We found that the optimal imaging window to assess the maximal expression of myocardial oedema was within 1 week from the acute event in patients with ST elevation MI. Also, our results showed a reduction of LGE over time (from acute to chronic) in segments which also showed improvement in contractile function indicating that even segments with transmural LGE assessed in the early hours post event could be viable. By applying these techniques in acute patients with bystander disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, we found that: l) T2W imaging can detect myocardial injury downstream from a vessel identified as "non culprit" 2) in 20% of NSTEMI patients, the angiographic assessment alone failed to identify the culprit vessel. Finally, we found that the diagnostic performance of acute pre-contrast Tl-mapping was at least as good as that ofT2W CMR for detecting myocardial injury. There was a significant relationship between the segmental damaged fraction assessed by either by LGE or T2W, and mean segmental Tl values and the likelihood of improvement of segmental function at 6 months decreased progressively as acute Tl values increased. Conclusions In summary, we defined a stable imaging window for the retrospective evaluation of area at risk and we also indicated that acutely detected LGE does not necessarily equate with irreversible injury and may severely underestimate salvaged myocardium. Furthermore, in NSTEMI patients with multivessel disease, by revealing acute myocardial damage in territories pertaining to vessels not treated acutely, we raised the issue of the need for better tools for the correct identification of the culprit vessel and to stratify patients rather than by angiographic assessment alone. Finally, we demonstrated how pre-contrast Tl mapping allows for assessment of the extent of myocardial damage and how Tl mapping might become an important complementary technique to LGE and T2W for the identification of reversible myocardial injury and the prediction of functional recovery in acute MI.
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Kadavá, Eva. "Vybrané problémy provozu dopravní firmy MKD." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-81922.
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Transport sector as a whole records growing trend, whereas road transport has recorded the biggest growth of transported goods. An increase in international trade brings more opportunities for firms involved in the haulage industry. The aim of this thesis is to show the basic requirements in order to set up the haulage and forwarding business. I will mention various factors, that influence the transport market. In other chapters I will analyze laws and treaties, which every haulage company has to adhere to. The last chapter is devoted to problems of financing truck fleet. In the end there is a summary of ways on how to tackle and reduce non-payment by clients.
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Dudinská, Lenka. "Preprava elektrických spotrebičov z Turecka do Českej republiky." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-192977.
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This thesis deals with problems of transportation of goods from Turkey to the Czech Republic. The goal of this thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of geo-political, legal and economic knowledge, which could serve as a guide for small transportation companies. The overview is divided into three parts. The first part deals with multilateral agreements governing international road transport with emphasis on the CMR Convention. The second part is devoted to customs issues, in particular transit procedure. The third part deals with transport from the economic point of view. In this part, two transportation routes are proposed, which are then analysed considering time, safety and cost.
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Riemer, Jens-Berghe. "Forum-Shopping mittels negativer Feststellungsklage im Geltungsbereich von ZPO, EuGVVO und CMR /." Berlin : Dissertation.de, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2898623&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
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Gao, Feng. "Studies on the synthesis, characterization and properties of colossal magnetoresistive (CMR) materials." Access electronically, 2004. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20041217.100120/index.html.
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Chamam, Baha. "Traitement d'effluents textiles réel et synthétique (cassulfon CMR) par bioréacteur à membrane." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20154.
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McAlindon, Elisa. "Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (CMR in STEMI)." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.681480.
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Myocardial infarction is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is an imaging technique that provides non-invasive tissue characterisation of the myocardium. CMR can, therefore, quantify myocardial infarct characteristics in vivo. This aim of this work is to investigate the CMR parameters used to assess and quantify injury following myocardial infarction. The research questions in this thesis are: • How reliable are the CMR parameters found in myocardial infarction? • Can newer sequences impact on the reliability of the assessment of myocardial oedema? • Are existing sequences available for infarct size measurement interchangable? • How does a functional measure of microvascular dysfunction relate to microvascular obstruction identified on CMR? • What can new T1 and T2 mapping sequences contribute to the assessment of myocardial infarction by CMR? CMR is increasingly being used to quantify surrogate endpoints used in myocardial infarction studies. In Chapter 4, pilot work identified that the reproducibility of these end points can vary depending on the expertise of the observer. Chapter 5 determined the most reliable method available for quantifying myocardial · oedema and myocardial infarction was manual contouring. This technique was then used in Chapter 7 to establish the repeatability of CMR parameters used as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. Chapter 7 identified that the least reproducible CMR parameter measured in acute myocardial infarction was myocardial oedema. Chapter 8 sought to address this issue by evaluating 4 sequences to identify and quantitate myocardial oedema. Of these, a new T2 mapping sequence was the most reproducible for quantitating myocardial oedema. New mapping sequences, both Tl and T2 mapping were further evaluated in Chapter 11 to investigate a cut off value for T2 value in oedematous myocardium following acute myocardial infarction. Chapter 11 also established that infarct characteristics affect the T2 value in affected myocardium. The association between native Tl and T2 mapping and between the extracellular volume and myocardial oedema was also determined. Chapter 7 also highlighted that quantification of myocardial infarction could be improved. Single shot steady state free precession (SS -SSFP) late gadolinium enhancement imaging was assessed against the standard inversion recovery gradient echo sequences in Chapter 9. Although the identification of myocardial infarction was acceptable with the SS-SSFP, quantification was suboptimal with this sequence and therefore should not be used for quantification of infarct size. Despite restoration of flow to the epicardial infarct related artery following acute myocardial infarction, flow is not necessarily optimal in the microvasculature. Chapter 10 provides an in vivo functional insight into microvascular obstruction (MVO) identified on CMR following ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEM!) using an invasive measure (the index of microcirculatory resistanceIMR) at the time of primary angioplasty. There is a good association between the IMR and MVO on CMR
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Zajac, Jakub. "Assessment of Ventricular Function in Normal and Failing Hearts Using 4D Flow CMR." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-141006.
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Heart failure is a common disorder and a major cause of illness and death in the population, creating an enormous health-care burden. It is a complex condition, representing the end-point of many cardiovascular diseases. In general heart failure progresses slowly over time and once it is diagnosed it has a poor prognosis which is comparable with that of many types of cancer. The heart has an ability to adapt in response to long lasting increases in hemodynamic demand; the heart conforms its shape and size in order to maintain adequate cardiac output. This process is called remodeling and can be triggered by pathologies such as hypertension or valvular disease. When the myocardial remodeling is maintained chronically it becomes maladaptive and is associated with an increased risk of heart failure. In many cases, heart failure is associated with left bundle branch block (LBBB). This electrical disturbance leads to dyssynchronous left ventricular (LV) contraction and relaxation which may contribute to cardiac dysfunction and ultimately heart failure. Mechanical dyssynchrony can be treated with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). However, many heart failure patients do not demonstrate clinical improvement despite CRT. Blood flow plays an important role in the normal development of the fetal heart. However, flow-induced forces may also induce changes in the heart cells that could lead to pathological remodeling in the adult heart. Until recently, measurement tools have been inadequate in describing the complex three-dimensional and time-varying characteristics of blood flow within the beating heart. 4D (3D + time) flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) enables acquisition of three-dimensional, three-directional, time-resolved velocity data from which visualization and quantification of the blood flow patterns over a complete cardiac cycle can be performed. In this thesis, novel 4D Flow CMR based methods are used to study the intraventricular blood flow in healthy subjects and heart failure patients with and without ventricular dyssynchrony in order to gain new knowledge of the ventricular function. Different flow components were assessed in normal heart ventricles. It was found that inflowing blood that passes directly to outflow during the same heartbeat (the Direct Flow component) was larger and possessed more kinetic energy (KE) than other flow components. Diastolic flow through the normal heart appears to create favorable conditions for effective systolic ejection. This organized blood flow pattern within the normal LV is altered in heart failure patients and is associated with decreased preservation of KE which might be unfavorable for efficient LV ejection. Inefficient flow of blood through the heart may influence diastolic wall stress, and thus contribute to pathological myocardial remodeling. In dyssynchronous LVs of heart failure patients with LBBB, Direct Flow showed even more reduced preservation of KE compared to similarly remodeled LVs without LBBB. Furthermore, in LBBB patients, LV filling hemodynamic forces, acting on the myocardium, were more orthogonal to the main flow direction compared to patients without LBBB. Deviation of LV flow forces and reduction of KE preservation and may reflect impairment of LV diastolic function and less efficient ensuing ejection related to dyssynchrony in these failing ventricles. Blood flow patterns were also studied with respect to fluctuations of the velocity of the flow (turbulent flow) in normal and failing LVs. In failing hearts, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) was higher during diastole than in healthy subjects. TKE is a cause of energy loss and can thus be seen as a measure of flow inefficiency. Elucidating the transit of multidimensional blood flow through the heart chambers is fundamental in understanding the physiology of the heart and to detect abnormalities in cardiac function. The 4D Flow CMR parameters presented in this thesis can be utilized to detect altered intracardiac blood flow and may be used as markers of deteriorating cardiac function, pathological remodeling and mechanical dyssynchrony in heart failure.
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LaFountain, Richard A. "Development and Application of CPX-CMR protocol for Cardiopulmonary Evaluation of Acute Exercise, Physical Training Response, and Ketogenic Diet Interventions in Healthy Humans, Athletes, and Military Personnel." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534323074156873.
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Grigorescu, Fredriksson Alexandru. "Blood flow specific assessment of ventricular function : Visualization and quantification using 4D flow CMR." Doctoral thesis, Linköpings universitet, Avdelningen för kardiovaskulär medicin, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-143417.
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The spectrum of cardiovascular diseases is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Early assessment and treatment of these conditions, acquired as well as congenital, is therefore of paramount importance. The human heart has a great ability to adapt to various hemodynamic conditions by cardiac remodeling. Pathologic cardiac remodeling can occur as a result of cardiovascular disease in an effort to maintain satisfactory cardiac function. With time, cardiac function diminishes leading to disease progression and subsequent heart failure, the end-point of many heart diseases, associated with very poor prognosis. Within the normal cardiac ventricles blood flows in highly organized patterns, and changes in cardiac configuration or function will affect these flow patterns. Conversely, altered flows and pressures can bring about cardiac remodeling. In congenital heart disease, even after corrective surgery, cardiac anatomy and thereby intracardiac blood flow patterns are inherently altered. The clinically most available imaging technique, ultrasound with Doppler, allows only for one-directional flow assessment and is limited by the need of clear examination windows, thus failing to fully assess the complex three-dimensional blood flow within the beating heart. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) with phase-contrast has the ability to acquire three-dimensional (3D), three-directional time resolved velocity data (3D + time = 4D flow data) from which visualization and quantification of blood flow patterns over the complete cardiac cycle can be performed. Four functional blood flow components have previously been defined based on the blood route and distribution through the ventricle, where the inflowing blood that passes directly to the outflow is called Direct flow. From these components, various quantitative measures can be derived, such as component volumes and kinetic energy (KE) throughout the cardiac cycle. In addition, the 4D flow technique has the ability to quantify and visualize turbulent flow with increased velocity fluctuations in the heart and vessels, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). The technique has been developed and evaluated for assessment of left ventricular (LV) blood flow in healthy subjects and in patients with dilated dysfunctional left ventricles, showing significant changes in blood flow patterns and energetics with disease. There is however still no study addressing the gap in the spectrum from the healthy cohorts to patients with moderate to severe left ventricular remodeling. In Paper III, 4D flow CMR was utilized to assess LV blood flow in patients with subtle LV dysfunction, and a shift in blood flow component volumes and KE was seen from the Direct flow to the non-ejecting blood flow components. In patients with both left- and right-sided acquired and congenital heart disease, right ventricular (RV) function is of great prognostic significance, however this ventricle has historically been somewhat overseen. With its complex geometry, advanced physiology and retrosternal location, assessment of the RV is still challenging and the right ventricular blood flow is still incompletely described. In Paper I, the RV blood flow in healthy subjects was assessed, and the proportionally larger Direct flow component was located in the most basal region of the ventricle and possessed higher levels of KE at end-diastole than the other flow components suggesting that this portion of blood was prepared for efficient systolic ejection. In Paper II, the blood flow was assessed in the RV of patients with subtle primary LV disease, and even if conventional echocardiographic or CMR RV parameters did not show any RV dysfunction, alterations of flow patterns suggestive of RV impairment were found in the patients with the more remodeled LVs. With improvements of the cardiovascular health care, including the surgical techniques, the number of adult patients with surgically corrected complex congenital heart diseases increases, one of which is tetralogy of Fallot (ToF). Surgical repair of ToF involves widening of the pulmonary stenosis, which postoperatively may cause pulmonary insufficiency and regurgitation (PR). Disturbed or turbulent flow patterns are rare in the healthy cardiovascular system. With pathological changes, such as valvular insufficiency, increased amounts of TKE have been demonstrated. Turbulence is known to be harmful to organic tissues and could be significant in the development of ventricular remodeling, such as dilation and other complications seen in Fallot patients. In Paper IV, the RV intraventricular TKE levels were assessed in relation to conventional measures of PR. Results showed that RV TKE was increased in ToF patients with PR compared to healthy controls, and that these 4D flow-specific measures related slightly stronger to indices of RV remodeling than the conventional measures of PR. 4D flow CMR analysis of the intracardiac blood flow has the potential of adding to pathophysiological understanding, and thereby provide useful diagnostic information and contribute to optimization of treatment of heart disease at earlier stages before irreversible and clinically noticeable changes occur. The flow specific measures used in this thesis could be utilized to detect these alterations of intracardiac blood flow and could thus act as potential markers of progressing ventricular dysfunction, pathological remodeling or used for risk stratification in adults with early repair tetralogy of Fallot. Visualizations of intracardiac flow patterns could provide useful information to cardiac/thoracic surgeons pre- and post-operatively.
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Wisting, Kim, Robert Hedin, and Sabina Eliasson. "Finansiella rapporters påverkan på aktiekursen : - Ett bidrag till debatten om slopandet av kvartalsrapporter på Stockholmsbörsen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Örebro Universitet, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-29699.
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This study is based on an ongoing debate regarding the Stockholm Stock Exchange, which centers around the possible abolition of quarterly reports. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to this debate by examining how the relationship between financial reports and stock price correlates. The study's methodological approach is based on the Capital Market Research frame-work in which an ERC model and an extended model are used to measure the relationship. Three hypotheses were formed to categorize the direction of the study, these categorizations treats the differences in impact between quarterly and annual reports on stock price, as well as differences in impact as a casual effect of company size and seasonal sensitivity. The results of the study show that quarterly reports have a stronger impact on the share price than annual reports. Financial reports from smaller companies have greater impact on share price than financial reports from larger companies. The study also shows that there is a seasonality trend in the consumer industry's fourth quarter.
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Yaicle, Cédric. "Synthèses, études structurales et sauts d'aimantation dans les manganites à propriétés CMR / par Cédric Yaicle." Caen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CAEN2031.
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Ce manuscrit est consacré à l'étude de composés présentant, sous champ magnétique, des sauts d'aimantation abrupts, à basse température (2. 5K), dans le système Pr0. 5Ca0. 5Mn1-xMxO3. La caractérisation détaillée du composé Pr0. 5Ca0. 5Mn0. 97Ga0. 03O3 à sauts abrupts d'aimantation a été effectuée sur le composé cristallisant dans une maille orthorhombique. Les caractérisations structurales, à basse température ont montré la présence d'une séparation de phases cristallines associées à des structures antiferromagnétiques (AFM) différentes. Ces études ont aussi révélé un état contraint à basse température. La diffraction neutronique sous un champ magnétique, à 2. 5K, a mis en évidence une transition non monotone depuis l'état AFM à ferromagnétique (FM). Nous nous sommes également intéressés à la substitution du manganèse par le chrome dans le composé Pr0. 5Ca0. 5MnO3. Si aucune modification de symétrie n'est observée, des modifications des propriétés physiques et de la structure magnétique sont induites par la substitution dans le système Pr0. 5Ca0. 5Mn1-xCrxO3. En effet, le composé Pr0. 5Ca0. 5MnO3 est un AFM isolant, alors que le composé Pr0. 5Ca0. 5Mn0. 95Cr0. 05O3 est FM et présente une transition isolant-métal. Les composés intermédiaires présentent des transitions AFM-FM par sauts d'aimantation. Pour x>0. 05, la fraction FM décroît progressivement au profit d'un AFM de type G. Enfin pour x>0. 5, l'AFM décroît progressivement. Un changement de signe du pouvoir thermoélectrique est observé autour de x=0. 5 indiquant un changement de mode de conduction.
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Holubář, Josef. "Specifika a nedostatky smluvních závazkových vztahů v mezinárodní dopravě, stanovení a zajištění podmínek technologie přepravy zboží." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Ústav soudního inženýrství, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-232801.
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This work deals with the specifics of relations between entities in the negotiation and implementation of international transport of goods. Since he is currently the most common way of transport of goods in Central Europe freight road transport of goods, the text is mainly dedicated to this issue. The underlying code for the obligations in this respect, the Convention CMR, which is devoted to a large part of the work. In other parts of the work is also introduced to the TIR Convention, the ADR Agreement concerning the international carriage of dangerous goods and the ATP Agreement, which defines the requirements for the transport of perishable foodstuffs. In the end, understand that INCOTERMS clauses with international trade and international transport of goods is closely related.
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Larsson, Daniel. "Elevers möjligheter att utveckla kreativt matematiskt resonemang genom lärarskapade problemlösningsuppgifter." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Matematikdidaktik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-34366.
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Syftet med studien är att med utgångspunkt i lärarskapade problemlösningsuppgifter undersöka elevers möjligheter till kreativt matematiskt resonemang, CMR, som innebär att eleven skapar en ny eller återupptäcker en för eleven glömd lösningsmetod. Studien genomförs som en kvalitativ uppgiftskategorisering där utvalda problemlösningsuppgifter ur Kunskapsmatrisens uppgiftsbank analyseras genom att undersöka möjligheten till imitation av lösningsmetod genom lärobokens övningar och exempel. Uppgifterna är skapade av verksamma lärare i landet och urvalet har medvetet gjorts för att fokusera på uppgifter där problemlösning är i fokus, både ur ett innehålls- och förmågeperspektiv. Resultatet visar att lärarskapade problemlösningsuppgifter som ett komplement till läroboken inte ökar möjligheten för eleverna att erbjudas CMR i undervisningen eftersom andelen CMR i dessa uppgifter ligger på samma nivå som i läromedlen. Studiens analys av lärarskapade problemlösningsuppgifter pekar tydligt på att uppfattningen om att problemlösning och CMR inte är till för alla elever tydligt lever kvar i klassrummen eftersom CMR saknas bland uppgifterna som i Kunskapsmatrisen bedöms med lägst svårighetsgrad
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Lenk, Mary Claire. "Respiratory Motion Tracking in Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Pilot Tone Technology." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1531838630931375.
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Rydenstrand, Sara. "Implementering av kommande EU-förordning gällande tillsyn av CMR- ämnen i textil : En kartläggning på materialnivå." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149858.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate how the upcoming EU-regulation regarding CMR-substances (Carcinogenic, Mutagenic or toxic for Reproduction) in textiles can be implemented in the supervision. The European Commission have used a simplified procedure provided by article 68(2) of REACH to restrict CMR-substances in textile that could be used by consumers. The parliament voted in favor on the 26th of April 2018 which has resulted in the ban coming into force by the end of 2020. The Swedish Chemical Agency therefore needs to know in which material or products these substances can be found. Data from various databases have been used and analyzed, then supplemented with reports. The substances have been categorized into functional chemical substances, auxiliary substances and chemical substances not intentionally added. Of these categories, functional chemical substances accounted for the greatest part. Classified azo dyes and carcinogenic amines were a big part of this category and the materials in which most chemicals were found were polyester and cotton. These are also the most frequently used textiles in the EU. It is therefore important to supervise these materials since the category functional chemical substances are found in highest concentrations in these materials. The supply chains are complex with a global span. To reduce hazardous chemicals in textile, it is important that the upstream information about which chemicals being used continues along the chain. Therefore, communication with suppliers and sub-suppliers is required. A regulation makes it easier for retailers to communicate their demands towards their suppliers.
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Loudon, Margaret Anne. "Understanding the pathophysiology of aortic valve dysfunction using advanced CMR techniques : 4D flow in aortic valve disease." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:fe82a94d-41d0-4992-aeaf-e2bbeac6576c.
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Aortic valve disease is common with early valve thickening (known as aortic sclerosis, ASC) affecting around 30% of those over 65 years of age, and nearly 3% of the population over 75 years old having haemodynamically significant aortic stenosis. During clinical follow up of aortic stenosis, little distinction has been made between those with congenitally bicuspid aortic valve disease (2% of the population) (BAV AS) and those with acquired degenerative disease (TAV AS), although these contribute roughly equal proportions of aortic valve surgery. I demonstrated that ASC is more common than previously thought with a prevalence of 38.5% in the over 65 year old general population and was strongly related with age, hypertension and a history of ischaemic heart disease (all p < 0.05). In an age matched population without pre-existing hypertension but with ASC, I found those with ASC have a statistically significantly higher blood pressure than those without ASC (mean systolic blood pressure difference of 4.4mmHg; p=0.004). However, in a population with known hypertension and ASC, no prescribing differences in antihypertensive agents exist and no differences in the absolute level of hypertension were found. In a CMR sub study, markers of aortic stiffness were more impaired in both ASC and established tricuspid AS disease to a similar degree, suggesting a fully expressed vascular phenotype exists before progression to valvular AS, when compared with control and BAV AS. However, there was a mean age difference of about 8 years between ASC and BAV AS and control groups, which confounds the result. After age adjustment, a faster pulse wave velocity between ASC and controls remained (19.02 m/s compared with 14.4 m/s, p=0.028). TAV and BAV AS have distinct differences in aortic dimensions and turbulent kinetic energy formation was greater in BAV AS, implying irreversible pressure loss (p < 0.0001). Turbulent kinetic energy correlated to valve area (r=0.53, p=0.001) and very strongly to LV mass in a BAV AS population (r=0.83; p=0.0001), implying greater LV work may be required to compensate for the higher turbulent kinetic energy, particularly in the BAV group. The patterns of wall shear stress (WSS) on the aorta did not differ in intensity but did have differences in peak sites of the aortic wall in TAV and BAV AS. Impaired distensibility in the aorta was seen in both TAV and BAV AS, which appears to be more regional (confined to the ascending aorta) in BAV AS. Turbulent kinetic energy emerged as a novel and interesting marker in AS, especially in BAV AS, showing moderate or strong correlation with LV mass, volumes, longitudinal strain and stroke work, and may go some way to explain the previously noted weaker than expected correlations between LV mass and valve area in AS. Future longitudinal studies to relate turbulent kinetic energy more precisely to LV function and outcome are warranted.
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Thompson, Alexandra Claire Marie. "Heart failure : re-evaluating causes and definitions and the value of routine cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging." Thesis, Durham University, 2016. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11776/.
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Objective: To differentiate the demographics and imaging characteristics of a heart failure population using a comprehensive echocardiographic protocol and routine CMR imaging, and to assess the clinical value of routine CMR in this population. Methods: A novel comprehensive diagnostic pathway for heart failure was prospectively applied to 319 new patients attending the Darlington and Bishop Auckland heart failure clinic between May 2013 and July 2014. All had a full clinical assessment and an initial basic clinical transthoracic echo performed. Those patients given a diagnosis of heart failure went on to have routine CMR imaging as well as a more detailed echo scan incorporating a variety of systolic and diastolic measurements. Retrospectively, a cohort of 116 patients with left ventricular systolic impairment, that had both CMR and invasive coronary angiography, were analysed to determine the ability of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) CMR to predict prognostic coronary artery disease. Main results: 1. Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFREF) accounted for the cause of heart failure in 73% of cases whereas heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) accounted for only 14% of cases. 2. Incorporating CMR into the routine assessment of newly diagnosed heart failure patients changed the diagnosis in 22% of cases (14% of cases for those who had an echo performed on the same day). 3. CMR left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) averages 3.9% units higher than Simpson’s Biplane LVEF with echo. 4. Regional wall motion score (RWMS) equations were inferior to a Simpson’s Biplane assessment of LVEF by echo and cannot be advocated for routine clinical use. 5. The presence of subendocardial LGE on CMR demonstrated infarcts in 42% of those with HFREF, 20% of those with HFPEF, and 40% of those with heart failure with no major structural disease (HFNMSD). 6. The absence of subendocardial LGE excluded prognostic coronary disease in 100% of cases. 7. LGE in a non subendocardial distribution was prevalent in both the HFREF and HFPEF community with a greater average burden in the HFPEF group. 8. E/e’ and left atrial volume index (LAVI) were the most helpful echo measures for a positive diagnosis of HFPEF and could be measured in over 90% of cases. 9. Systolic dysfunction out with reduced ejection fraction is present in 76% of the HFPEF cohort. Conclusion: Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFPEF) is not the epidemic previous literature would have us believe. It is over-diagnosed in current practice due to lax definitions and inappropriately low left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) cut-offs. CMR has a substantial impact on the diagnostic profile of the heart failure population. It revokes the diagnosis of HFREF to a greater extent than is accounted for by the temporal improvement in LVEF, even when taking into account method specific LVEF thresholds. CMR with LGE has additive value for identifying infarcts in a sizeable number of patients for whom there is no suspicion of ischaemic heart disease (IHD), and raising the novel concept that ischaemia may account for symptoms in many of those with HFNMSD. It also demonstrates an impressive ability to exclude prognostic coronary disease. Additionally, LGE in a non subendocardial distribution establishes aetiology including myocarditis and sarcoidosis that would not be detected with echo alone. The diagnosis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction is not standardised and all current protocols are deficient. The cause and mechanism of this condition remains unclear and this study helped clarify the contribution of systolic versus diastolic dysfunction versus simply the presence of atrial fibrillation. Key diagnostic parameters were identified for routine clinical use and CMR LGE imaging demonstrating a greater average burden of non subendocardial LGE may support the postulated fibrotic infiltrative mechanism of pathology in this group.
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Einstein, Pereira de Araújo Alberto. "Propriedades magnéticas de manganitas, fitas amorfas e filmes finos com anisotropia unidirecional." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2002. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6543.
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Previous issue date: 2002No presente trabalho apresentaremos um estudo das propriedades magnéticas de três sistemas: manganitas, fitas amorfas e bicamadas com anisotropia unidirecional. Foi dado enfoque ao efeito da desordem magnética nesses sistemas. Todas as medidas de magnetização foram feitas em um magnetômetro SQUID desenvolvido durante o período da tese. Estudamos várias amostras de manganitas, do tipo filme e espessas. Essas amostras apresentam o efeito de magneto-resistência colossal. As propriedades de transporte foram ajustadas usando o modelo dos canais de condução. As medidas na amostra dopada com Ho apresentaram um comportamento peculiar com um mínimo na resistência em baixas temperaturas. Esse mínimo foi associado ao espalhamento eletrônico em duas dimensões. Além desse mínimo, encontramos efeitos de termoremanência, histerese e irreversibilidade na resistência. A partir das medidas magnéticas foram levantados diagramas de fase que demonstraram comportamento do tipo vidro de spin. As propriedades em baixas temperaturas foram associadas a espalhamento eletrônico por paredes de domínios e a mistura de fases magnéticas. Também foi utilizado um modelo de transporte bidimensional para explicar a existência do mínimo na resistência. O segundo sistema estudado foi a fita amorfa Co70,4Fe4,6Si10B15. Nesse tema, o estudo da magnetoimpedância-gigante foi estendido até freqüências na faixa de microondas, e mostrada sua equivalência com a ressonância ferromagnética. Por fim, foi feito um estudo das propriedades magnéticas em filmes compostos de uma camada ferromagnética e outra antiferromagnética. Estes filmes apresentam anisotropia unidirecional com o ciclo de histerese deslocado. Os resultados demonstraram efeitos de desordem magnética com propriedades tanto do tipo vidro de spin quanto de campo aleatório. Pela primeira vez esses dois tipos de comportamentos foram encontrados em um único sistema. Os resultados foram comparados com simulações utilizando formalismo de campo médio, aplicado a um modelo de bicamadas com rugosidade. Obtendo-se portanto a evidência definitiva que a rugosidade na interface é fonte de desordem magnética nesses sistemas
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Velázquez, Matias. "Croissance cristalline, magnétisme critique et magnétorésistance colossale des manganites à structure Ruddlesden-Popper La1. 2(Sr, Ca)1. 8Mn2O7." Paris 11, 2001. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626433.
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Les composés lamellaires à structure Ruddlesden-Popper, de formule (La,Sr,Ca)_3Mn_2O_7, offrent la possibilité d'explorer le magnétisme bidimensionnel (2D) dans la famille des manganites. L'intérêt de ces derniers réside d'une part, dans leur magnétorésistance colossale, d'autre part, dans la polarisation totale en spin de l'état ferromagnétique. Afin d'accéder aux caractères intrinsèque et anisotrope de leurs propriétés physiques, des monocristaux de composition chimique La_1. 2(Sr, Ca)_1. 8Mn_2O_7 et de taille centimétrique ont été fabriqués par fusion de zone verticale associée au four à image. Ils ont ensuite fait l'objet de caractérisations par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons, et par microscopie électronique en transmission haute résolution. Nous avons approfondi l'étude du comportement magnétique de La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7 sur une large gamme de température, incluant la détermination de ses grandeurs magnétiques fondamentales: anisotropie magnétique, exposants critiques et "crossovers" au voisinage de la température de Curie, T_c 1̃08K. Au moyen de mesures fines d'aimantation et de susceptibilité, nous avons démontré l'apparition de corrélations quasi-2D vers 4̃20K, température à laquelle le modèle de Curie-Weiss tombe en désuétude. La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7 peut être considéré comme un aimant de type Heisenberg quasi-2D avec des écarts notoires au modèle idéal: d'une part, l'anisotropie XY induisant un "crossover" avec la dimensionalité de spin à T_n1̃57K, d'autre part, les couplages tridimensionnels entre feuillets double pérovskite qui provoquent un second "crossover" avec la dimensionalité du réseau à T_d1̃17K. Le développement timide des corrélations ferromagnétiques 2D, ainsi que nos estimations des exposants critiques delta=(4. 3±1. 1) et gamma1̃. 4 au voisinage de T_c, indiquent que la transition ferromagnétique dans La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7 est essentiellement tridimensionnelle. A la transition paramagnétique -> ferromagnétique sont étroitement associés une transition isolant -> métal (T_(i-m)1̃28K), ainsi qu'un maximum de magnétorésistance négative (dp/p(8T))_[001]1̃1502̃x(dp/p(8T))_[110] pour La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7, supérieur aux performances des pérovskites aux T_c similaires. Avec l'anisotropie marquée de la résistivité électrique et une faible métallicité ne s'établissant véritablement que dans les blocs de feuillets double pérovskite transparaÎt la structure lamellaire des composés La_1. 2Sr_(1. 8-y)Ca_yMn_2O_7 (y=0. 0 et 0. 2)Ruddlesden-Popper layered compounds, of formula (La,Sr,Ca)_3Mn_2O_7, offer the opportunity to explore bidimensional magnetism in the manganites family. In order to acceed to the intrinsic and anisotropic characters of their physical properties, high-quality centimeter size single crystals of La_1. 2(Sr, Ca)_1. 8Mn_2O_7 were successfully grown using a floating zone method associated with an image furnace. The samples were characterized by X-ray and neutron diffraction and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, verifying the chemistry, the crystallography and the absence of a second phase over several centimeters. A thorough investigation of the magnetic behaviour of these compounds was performed in a wide range of temperatures, including the determination of the fundamental characteristics of a magnetic system: magnetic anisotropy, critical exponents and crossovers in the vicinity of the Curie temperature, T_c1̃08K. By accurate measurements of magnetic susceptibility and magnetization on single crystals, specially designed to lessen the demagnetizing field, we could demonstrate that two-dimensional (2D) correlations start introducing deviations from the Curie-Weiss behaviour below 4̃20K. La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7 can be viewed as a quasi-two-dimensional Heisenberg ferromagnet with notable deviations from this ideal model: firstly, the XY anisotropy inducing a spin dimensionality crossover at T_s4̃57K, secondly, the three-dimensional couplings between perovskite bilayer blocks, which drive a lattice crossover at T1̃17K. The slow development of the two-dimensional ferromagnetic correlations above T_c, and our quantitative measurements (critical exponents delta=(4. 3±1. 1) and gamma1̃. 4 in the vicinity of T_c), lead us to believe that the ferromagnetic transition in La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7 is essentially of three-dimensional nature. Intrically related with ferromagnetism are an insulator-metal transition at T_(i-m)1̃28K, and a negative magnetoresistance maximum effect (dp/p(8T))_[001]1̃1502̃x(dp/p(8T))_[110] for La_1. 2Sr_1. 8Mn_2O_7, somewhat superior to the performances of the perovskites with similar T_c's. The poor metallicity becomes indeed only established within the double perovskite slabs, consistently with spin correlations stronger in the (a,b)-plane than along the c -direction
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Hedman, Fredrik. "Civil-militära relationer i konkordans : den svenska Försvarsmaktens förtroendelyft." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9302.
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Studien avhandlar civil-militära relationer med en teori sprungen ur kontexten inhemsk militär intervention. Forskningsfältets rådande paradigm utmanas av Rebecca L. Schiffs konkordansteori, vilken här prövas i en kvalitativ fallstudie med två empiriska fall ur den svenska kontexten. Brister i den tidigare tillämpningen av konkordansteorin adresseras genom Sveriges unika kombination av historiska, kulturella och sociala förutsättningar. Fallen representerar nutida ytterligheter av det svenska folkets förtroende för Försvarsmakten – bottennoteringen 2008 respektive toppnoteringen 2017 – och har valts i syfte att undersöka hur teorin kan förklara utvecklingen av de civil-militära relationerna i de aktuella fallen. Studiens resultat visar att konkordansteorin är möjlig att applicera i en svensk nutida kontext och att den bidrar med förklaringskraft till utvecklingen i de civil-militära relationerna, men också att den är generaliserbar till fall som delar dess grundläggande karakteristik.This study focuses on civil-military relations with a theory originated from the context of domestic military intervention. The prevailing paradigms of the research area are challenged by Rebecca L. Schiff's concordance theory. This theory is tested in a qualitative case study with two empirical cases from a Swedish context. Deficiencies in earlier applications of concordance theory are addressed through Sweden's unique combination of historical, cultural and social conditions. These cases represent contemporary extremes of the public’s confidence in the Swedish Armed Forces. The lowest score in 2008 and the top score in 2017, have been selected with the aim of exploring how the theory can explain the development of civil-military relations in these cases. The findings of this study show that concordance theory is applicable in a Swedish contemporary context. It contributes with explanatory power to the development of civil-military relations and it is also generalizable to cases that share its basic characteristics.
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Stoiber, Lukas [Verfasser]. "Impact of renal sympathetic denervation on aortic distensibility : a multicenter cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) study / Lukas Stoiber." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223928020/34.
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Hüther, Jan. "Kardiale Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie bei Patienten vor und nach chirurgischer Ventrikelrekonstruktion – Analyse potentieller Prädiktoren der postoperativen Herzfunktion –." Doctoral thesis, Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-86651.
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Die DOR-Plastik (Surgical Ventricular Reconstruction, SVR) ist ein chirurgisches Verfahren zur Rekonstruktion ventrikulärer kardialer Strukturen bei Herzinsuffizienz-Patienten mit apikaler A- und Dyskinesie. Jedoch gibt es spätestens seit dem negativen Ergebnis einer großen multizentrischen Studie (STICH-trial, Jones et al. 2009 [1]) eine Kontroverse über den tatsächlichen prognostischen Nutzen der Operation. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es in diesem Zusammenhang mittels kardialer Magnet-Resonanz-Tomographie (Cardiac Magnetic Resonance, CMR) generierte potentielle Prädiktoren der funktionellen Erholung nach der DOR-Plastik zu analysieren. Dafür wurden in dieser Arbeit bei 24 Patienten die kardialen Volumina, die kardiale Funktion, das lokale und totale myokardiale Narbengewebe und verschiedene geometrische Indizes bestimmt und ausgewertet.
Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass die quantitative Ermittlung des basalen myokardialen Narbengewebes und des apikalen Volumenindex (AVI) dabei helfen könnten, eine Subgruppe von Patienten zu definieren, die von der DOR-Plastik profitiert.
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Liu, Zhan-Qiu. "QUANTIFICATION OF MYOCARDIAL MECHANICS IN LEFT VENTRICLES UNDER INOTROPIC STIMULATION AND IN HEALTHY RIGHT VENTRICLES USING 3D DENSE CMR." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/me_etds/130.
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Statistical data from clinical studies indicate that the death rate caused by heart disease has decreased due to an increased use of evidence-based medical therapies. This includes the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), which is one of the most common non-invasive approaches in evidence-based health care research. In the current work, I present 3D Lagrangian strains and torsion in the left ventricle of healthy and isoproterenol-stimulated rats, which were investigated using Displacement ENcoding with Stimulated Echoes (DENSE) cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging. With the implementation of the 12-segment model, a detailed profile of regional cardiac mechanics was reconstructed for each subject. Statistical analysis revealed that isoproterenol induced a significant change in the strains and torsion in certain regions at the mid-ventricle level. In addition, I investigated right ventricular cardiac mechanics with the methodologies developed for the left ventricle. This included a comparison of different regions within the basal and mid-ventricular regions. Despite no regional variation found in the peak circumferential strain, the peak longitudinal strain exhibited regional variation at the anterior side of the RV due to the differences in biventricular torsion, mechanism of RV free wall contraction, and fiber architecture at RV insertions. Future applications of the experimental work presented here include the construction and validation of biventricular finite element models. Specifically, the strains predicted by the models will be statistically compared with experimental strains. In addition, the results of the present study provide an essential reference of RV baseline evaluated with DENSE MRI, a highly objective technique.
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Pálková, Alena. "Právní úprava mezinárodní pozemní přepravy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-75512.
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The aim of this work is to summarize and systematically describe the overall conditions of the international ground freight services. In the introduction there is a brief characteristic of the current situation at the area of international trade with respect to the international freight services. In the second part there are mentioned and briefly described the related multilateral contracts (Convention on International Transport of Goods Under Cover of TIR Carnets, European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road ADR, Agreement on the International Carriage of Perishable Foodstuffs and on the Special Equipment to be Used for such Carriage ATP and European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles engaged in International Road Transport AETR). The main accent is put on the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR), which was negotiated by the contracting parties in Geneva, 19 May 1956 and which is the most important and comprehensive document in this branch of law. There is also mentioned the national law as a supportive source of law to be used for cases which are not covered by the CMR Convention as well as the Incoterms rules which are standard trade definitions most commonly used in international sales contracts. The third part analyzes the regulations with respect to the Czech Republic. It gives more details about the CMR Convention and its regulation of rights and liabilities of the contracting parties of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road and regulation of related documents. There are mentioned articles and provision of "Zákon o mezinárodním právu soukromém a procesním and Obchodní zákoník", which are applicable in the area of international carriage of goods and there is also referred to how the Incoterms influence logistics. The fourth part briefly describes other contract known by the Czech law and compares them with each other. There is also mentioned the current situation on the field of logistics and usage of individual contracts among the carriers and related contracting parties. The fifth part gives a brief overview of logistics from the international trade perspective. In conclusion there is a recapitulation of the above mentioned sources of law for the logistic area and it is stressed out, how important it is for the contracting parties of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road, mainly for the carrier, to be familiar with the regulations and to take account of them when negotiating the contract and choosing and training his employees.
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Saurel, Damien. "Etude de la séparation de phase magnétique dans les manganites à effet CMR par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00086550.
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Ce manuscrit présente l?étude par diffusion de neutrons aux petits angles des inhomogénéités magnétiques de l?échelle nanométrique à l?échelle mésoscopique à basse température dans les composés manganites à effet CMR de la série Pr1-xCaxMnO3, x proche de 1/3, et son évolution sous champ magnétique appliqué. Ces systèmes montrent une séparation de phase à grande échelle entre une phase ferromagnétique isolante (FI) et une phase antiferromagnétique isolante (AFI) correspondant à deux phases cristallines distinctes. Ils se transforment en une troisième phase cristalline, ferromagnétique métallique (FM), sous l?effet du champ magnétique. Nous avons tenté de comprendre par quel mécanisme.
Nous avons mis en évidence l?existence d?inhomogénéités magnétiques nanométriques dans chacune des phases FI et AFI. Notre étude sous champ révèle l?apparition d?un fort signal de diffusion dû à une nucléation de clusters de phase FM mésoscopiques (quelques centaines de nanomètres) lors de la transition I-M induite par le champ, faisant ainsi disparaître la diffusion par les objets nanométriques. L?effet CMR n?est donc pas dû à une nucléation à l?échelle nanométrique mais mésoscopique.
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Velázquez, Matias. "Croissance cristalline, magnétisme critique et magnétorésistance colossale dans les manganites à structure Ruddlesden-Popper La1.2(Sr, Ca)1.8Mn2O7." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00626433.
Full textAbstract:
Les composés lamellaires à structure Ruddlesden-Popper, de formule (La,Sr,Ca)_3Mn_2O_7, offrent la possibilité d'explorer le magnétisme bidimensionnel (2D) dans la famille des manganites. L'intérêt de ces derniers réside d'une part, dans leur magnétorésistance colossale, d'autre part, dans la polarisation totale en spin de l'état ferromagnétique. Afin d'accéder aux caractères intrinsèque et anisotrope de leurs propriétés physiques, des monocristaux de composition chimique La_1.2(Sr, Ca)_1.8Mn_2O_7 et de taille centimétrique ont été fabriqués par fusion de zone verticale associée au four à image. Ils ont ensuite fait l'objet de caractérisations par diffraction des rayons X et des neutrons, et par microscopie électronique en transmission haute résolution. Nous avons approfondi l'étude du comportement magnétique de La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn_2O_7 sur une large gamme de température, incluant la détermination de ses grandeurs magnétiques fondamentales: anisotropie magnétique, exposants critiques et "crossovers" au voisinage de la température de Curie, T_c 1̃08K. Au moyen de mesures fines d'aimantation et de susceptibilité, nous avons démontré l'apparition de corrélations quasi-2D vers 4̃20K, température à laquelle le modèle de Curie-Weiss tombe en désuétude. La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn_2O_7 peut être considéré comme un aimant de type Heisenberg quasi-2D avec des écarts notoires au modèle idéal: d'une part, l'anisotropie XY induisant un "crossover" avec la dimensionalité de spin à T_n1̃57K, d'autre part, les couplages tridimensionnels entre feuillets double pérovskite qui provoquent un second "crossover" avec la dimensionalité du réseau à T_d1̃17K. Le développement timide des corrélations ferromagnétiques 2D, ainsi que nos estimations des exposants critiques delta=(4.3±1.1) et gamma1̃.4 au voisinage de T_c, indiquent que la transition ferromagnétique dans La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn_2O_7 est essentiellement tridimensionnelle. A la transition paramagnétique -> ferromagnétique sont étroitement associés une transition isolant -> métal (T_(i-m)1̃28K), ainsi qu'un maximum de magnétorésistance négative (dp/p(8T))_[001]1̃1502̃x(dp/p(8T))_[110] pour La_1.2Sr_1.8Mn_2O_7, supérieur aux performances des pérovskites aux T_c similaires. Avec l'anisotropie marquée de la résistivité électrique et une faible métallicité ne s'établissant véritablement que dans les blocs de feuillets double pérovskite transparaÎt la structure lamellaire des composés La_1.2Sr_(1.8-y)Ca_yMn_2O_7 (y=0.0 et 0.2).
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Michnovič, Regina. "Krovinių gabenimo konteineriuose teisiniai ir organizaciniai aspektai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120703_150721-30020.
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Šio baigiamojo darbo esmė yra atlikti ir pateikti visapusišką bei sistemingą krovinių gabenimo transporto priemonėmis atsakomybės ypatumų analizę, kurio tikslas yra atskleisti šio teisinio instituto atitinkamus svarbiausius aspektus reguliuojančių nuostatų sampratą ir pritaikomumą praktikoje, nustatyti problematinius aspektus. Taip pat darbe yra pristatoma išsami atitinkamų teisės norminių aktų analizė ir teisės doktrinoje išreikšta nuomonių įvairovė nagrinėjama tema. Galiausiai, aptariami svarbiausi ir aktualiausi nagrinėjama tema teismų precedentai siekiant atskleisti pagrindines teisinio reguliavimo problemas, su kuriomis yra susiduriama praktikoje bei pateikiami jų sprendimo pasiūlymai.The essence of this thesis is to conduct and submit a comprehensive and systematic means of road transport analysis of the characteristics of responsibility, whose aim is to institute the appropriate legal provisions governing the main aspects of the applicability of the concept and practical aspects of the suspect. Also at work is presented in detail the relevant legal regulations and legal analysis of the doctrine of diversity of views expressed by the subject. Finally, it covers the most important and topical subject of judicial precedents at issue in order to uncover key regulatory issues that are encountered in practice and present their solution.
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LaFountain, Richard A. "Validation of VO2max Assessment and Magnetic Resonance Cardiac Function Measurements Utilizing an MRI Compatible Treadmill." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405431417.
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Chambon, Rémi. "Dynamiques spatio-temporelles individuelles chez une sous-population migratrice partielle d’une espèce limicole pionnière, l’avocette élégante (Recurvirostra avosetta)." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1B051.
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La description de la sélection des sites d’hivernage et de reproduction, ainsi que l’étude des déterminants et conséquences associés à l’échelle individuelle sont cruciales afin de comprendre et prédire les tendances démographiques populationnelles. Ces problématiques sont d’autant plus importantes chez les espèces limicoles, telle que l’Avocette élégante (Recurvirostra avosetta), inféodées aux zones humides littorales qui sont particulièrement menacées par les changements globaux. Les principales analyses présentées dans ce document se basent sur des histoires de captures individuelles (2099 Avocettes baguées parmi 5 sites natals majeurs du littoral Atlantique français entre 2006 et 2015). Le comportement adopté lors du premier hiver (hivernage au sein du site natal, d’un autre site du littoral Atlantique français ou d’un quartier plus lointain par migration) est influencé par certaines caractéristiques liées à l’éclosion (site et date). Ce comportement est par la suite particulièrement bien conservé sur le long terme. En période de reproduction, les oiseaux étudiés sont considérablement fidèles à leur site natal à travers les années, probablement en réponse à certaines actions de gestion des habitats de nidification dont l’efficacité a été démontrée en parallèle. Enfin, à partir du premier hiver, la survie interannuelle est relativement importante et indépendante du comportement hivernal et du site de reproduction. L’ensemble des résultats obtenus contribue alors à la compréhension de la dynamique de la sous-population étudiée et aux réflexions nécessaires à l’élaboration de plans de conservation pour l’espèce et celles présentant des exigences écologiques similairesThe description of the wintering- and breeding-ground-selection patterns and the study of the associated determinants and consequences at the individual scale are crucial to understand and predict individuals’ distribution and demographic trends at the population scale. These issues are of major importance for Shorebirds, like the Pied avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta), which typically use coastal wetlands that are threatened by global changes. The main analyses from the present document are based on individual encounter histories (2099 Avocets ringed between 2006 and 2015 among 5 of the major breeding sites from the French Atlantic littoral). The results show that natal conditions (site and date) influence the wintering behaviour adopted during the first winter (overwintering in the natal site, in a neighbouring French site, or in a foreign quarter through migration). Birds are particularly faithful to this behaviour in subsequent winters. Furthermore, ringed birds are strongly faithful to their natal site over breeding seasons. This philopatry is likely influenced by the management actions carried out in the nesting habitats of the natal sites, of which the effectiveness was additionally demonstrated. Finally, the interannual survival is relatively high from the first winter and independent of the wintering behaviour and breeding site. Overall, the results contribute to understand the dynamics of the subpopulation studied and to elaborate a management framework for the conservation of the Pied avocet and species with similar ecological requirements
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Costantini, Marta. "Studio e caratterizzazione delle cicatrici miocardiche in risonanza magnetica." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12213/.
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I metodi di detezione delle cicatrici miocardiche, Full-Width at Half-Maximum (FWHM) e Signal-Threshold to Reference-Mean (STRM), rappresentano il principale approccio per l’elaborazione delle immagini acquisite tramite sequenze DE nella Risonanza Magnetica Cardiaca. Nonostante la loro diffusione, il gold standard è ad oggi costituito dal tracciamento manuale da parte dello specialista. Nello studio sono stati implementati i due metodi ed applicati a dei pazienti con miocardio infartuato. I risultati sono stati qualitativamente e quantitativamente confrontati con il tracciamento dell’esperto per valutare la loro accuratezza. I metodi hanno prodotto risultati soddisfacenti nel rilevamento delle zone più compromesse, mentre si sono rivelati inaccurati nella detezione delle “gray zones”. I confronti e le valutazioni dei risultati hanno suggerito quindi quali siano i limiti, i vantaggi e gli svantaggi nell’impiego dei metodi, e si ritiene che tali approcci potranno fungere da punto di partenza per lo sviluppo di algoritmi per migliorarne l’accuratezza.
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Diaz, Melissa, Yanina Ortega, and Kevin Boesen. "Medication Therapy Management: Methods to Increase Comprehensive Medication Review Participation." The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/614243.
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Class of 2013 AbstractSpecific Aims: To compare the Comprehensive Medication Review (CMR) rate for Workflow Model #1 (used in 2010) to the CMR rate for Workflow Model #2 (used in 2011) at the Medication Management Center (MMC). Methods: A retrospective database analysis was completed in which Comprehensive Medication Review (CMR) completion rates for 2010 and 2011 were assessed. Comparison included only Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) contracts that the Medication Management Center (MMC) provided Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services for both in 2010 and 2011. Data was used to determine the effect a process change had on CMR participation rate at the MMC and best practices for improving the rate of Medication Therapy Management Program (MTMP) beneficiaries participating in a CMR. Main Results: In 2010, patient participation and response to a CMR offer letter was low (0.2%). The changes in process yielded an increase in the CMR completion rate (6.93%); this in turn yielded higher performance measurements for prescription drug plans. Conclusion: Workflow modifications, including a pro-active secondary CMR offer, led to a marked increase in member participation and CMR rates. Patients are more apt to consent to a CMR if they are called for a specific medication related problem. It is recommended to continue to convert TMR calls to CMRs whenever possible, monitor CMR rates at least quarterly, and make cold calls where needed to increase CMR percentages.
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Durairaj, Vinobalan. "A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THERMODYNAMIC AND TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF LAYERED Can+1(Ru1-xCrx)nO3n+1." UKnowledge, 2008. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_diss/661.
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Orbital degrees of freedom play vital role in prompting novel phenomena in ruthenium based Ruddlesden-Popper compounds through coupling of orbits to spin and lattice. Physical properties are then particularly susceptible to small perturbations by external magnetic fields and/or slight structural changes. Current study pertains to the impact when a more-extended 4d Ruthenium ion is replaced by a less-extended 3d Chromium ion.
Perovskite CaRuO3 (n=∞) is characterized by borderline magnetism and non- Fermi liquid behavior – common occurrences in quantum critical compounds. Remarkably, Cr substitution as low as x=0.05 abruptly drives CaRu1−xCrxO3 from a paramagnetic state to an itinerant ferromagnetic state (MS~0.4μB/f.u.), where TC=123K for x=0.22. The Cr-driven magnetism is highly anisotropic suggesting an important role of spin-orbit coupling. Unlike other chemical substitutions in the compound, Cr does not induce any Metal-Insulator transition that is expected to accompany the magnetic transition. The results indicate a coupling of Ru-4d and Cr-3d electrons that is unexpectedly favorable for itinerant ferromagnetism, which often exists delicately in the ruthenates.
Bilayered Ca3Ru2O7 (n=2), an abode of huge anisotropy, exhibits a wide range of physical properties – Colossal Magnetoresistance occurring only when the spin polarized state is avoided, Antiferromagnetic-Metallic (AFM-M) state, Quantum Oscillations (periodic in 1/B and in B) that are highly angular dependent, to mention a few. Experimental results obtained so far provide a coherent picture illustrating that orbital order and its coupling to lattice and spin degrees of freedom drive the exotic electronic and magnetic properties in this Mott-like system. Transport and thermodynamic studies on Ca3(Ru1-xCrx)2O7 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) reveal that AFM-M region is broadened with x that ultimately reaches 70K for x=0.20 (~8K for x=0). In this region, electron transport is enhanced and inhibited when B is applied along crystal’s respective axes, confirming an intrinsic half-metallic behavior. Moreover, the difference in coercivities of Ru and Cr magnetic ions pave way for the first-ever observation of a strong spin-valve effect in bulk material, a quantum phenomenon so far realized only in multilayer thin films or heterostructures. This discovery opens new avenues to understand the underlying physics of spin-valves and fully realize its potential in practical devices.
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Thermitus, Tamara. "«La justice reste à venir»: la déconstruction appliquée à la décision de la Cour suprême du Canada dans l'arrêt Bou Malhab c Diffusion Métromédia CMR Inc." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114161.
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Although there have been certain advances with respect to equality rights, which are protected in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the Quebec Charter of the Human Rights and Freedoms, judicial decisions often ignore race as a social construct. To give full effect to the principles of equality and to advance justice, courts need to take race into account, recognize it as a social construction, and make visible what is often invisible. The technique of deconstruction, by bringing to light history and relations of power, allows us to understand social context in all of its complexity. In this quest for justice, Critical Race Theory, which recognizes the importance of a holistic approach to better understand racialization and racism provides indispensable theoretical insights. By highlighting new perspectives and providing a plurality of readings of the same event, Critical Race Theory and the technique of deconstruction promote an analysis that takes substantive equality into account while being attentive to the complex realities of multicultural society. To illustrate these themes, this thesis analyzes the Supreme Court of Canada decision on defamation and racist speech, Bou Malhab v. Diffusion Métromédia CMR Inc., arguing that the Court was not sufficiently attentive to the effects of race as a social construct, nor to the realities of racism.Bien que certaines avancées en ce qui a trait au droit à l'égalité aient eu lieu à la suite de la promulgation de la Charte canadienne des droits et libertés et de la Charte des droits et libertés de la personne du Québec, les décisions des tribunaux ignorent souvent le construit social qu'est la race et ses effets. Afin de pouvoir donner plein effet aux principes d'égalité et pour rendre justice, exercice par lequel l'égalité devient une réalité concrète, les tribunaux doivent tenir compte de ce construit et non en faire abstraction afin de rendre visible ce qui est souvent invisible: l'analyse critique permet d'y arriver. La déconstruction, en mettant au jour l'historicité et les relations de pouvoir, permet de mieux comprendre le contexte social dans toute sa complexité. Dans cette quête de justice, la Critical Race Theory, qui reconnaît l'importance d'une approche holistique pour mieux comprendre la racialisation et le racisme est une théorie indispensable. Apportant un nouvel éclairage et favorisant la pluralité des lectures d'un même événement, la Critical Race Theory et la déconstruction permettent une analyse qui tient compte de l'égalité substantive tout en étant au diapason des réalités qui coexistent dans une société multiculturelle. Afin d'illustrer notre propos, notre thèse analyse la décision rendue par la Cour suprême dans l'arrêt Bou Malhab c. Diffusion Métromédia CMR Inc., argumentant que la Cour n'a pas suffisamment considéré ni les effets du construit social qu'est la race ni le racisme.
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Kallel, Nabil. "Etude des propriétés structurales, magnétiques et électriques des perovskites CMR substituées sur le site octaédrique de formule générale LaO. 7SrO. 3Mn1-xMxO3 avec M=Cr, Ti, Sn." Grenoble INPG, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004INPG0071.
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L'état ferromagnétique dans les péroskites magnétiques de type La1-xSrxMn03 est connu comme un exemple type de l'interaction de double échange. Le composé de départ non dopé sur le site de manganèse LaO. 7SrO. 3MnO3 a un rapport de Mn3+/Mn4+ égal à 7/3. Ce composé présente une forte magnétorésistance. Le premier objectif du présent travail était de synthétiser par diffusion à l'état solide des oxydes mixtes dopés sur le site Mn de type LaO. 7SrO. 3Mn1-xMx03 avec M = Cr, Ti et Sn. Le deuxième objectif était d'étudier l'effet de ce dopage sur les propriétés structurales, magnétiques, électriques et magnétoresistives de ces matériaux. Plusieurs techniques ont été utilisées: diffraction des RX, mesures magnétiques, mesures électriques, mesures magnétoresistives et diffraction neutronique afin de bien interpréter les variations de ces propriétés en fonction de nature et de la concentration de l'ion dopantThe ferromagnetic state in the perovskite oxide Llilf-xSrxMn03 is known as the prototype example for the interaction of the double exchange. The compound non doped on the manganese site LaO. 7SrO. 3MnO3 has a Mn3+/Mn4+ ratio equal to 7/3. This compound shows a strong magnetoresistance effect. The first objective of the present work was to synthesize doped oxides on the Mn-site LaO. 7SrO. 3Mn1-xMx03 with M=Cr, Ti and Sn, using the solid state reaction. The second objective was to study the effect of this dopant on the structural, magnetic, electric and magnetoresistive properties of these materials. Several techniques have been used: X-ray diffraction, magnetic, electric, magnetoresistive measurements and neutron-diffraction in order to weil interpret the variations of these properties according to the nature and the concentration of the doping-ion
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Xiong, Tingting [Verfasser]. "Progression der linksventrikulären Masse bei stagnierender Atherosklerose der Arteria carotis bei Patienten mit Typ 2 Diabetes mellitus unter optimaler medikamentöser Behandlung : Ergebnisse einer Langzeit CMR Studie / Tingting Xiong." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2016. http://d-nb.info/111155868X/34.
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Rinnström, Daniel. "Coarctation of the aorta : register and imaging studies." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för folkhälsa och klinisk medicin, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-126428.
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Background Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) constitutes 5-8 % of all congenital heart disease (CHD) and is associated with long-term complications such as hypertension (HTN) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). Factors associated with HTN, LVH, and diffuse myocardial fibrosis, are not yet fully explored in this population. Methods Papers I-III: The Swedish national register of congenital heart disease (SWEDCON) was used to identify adult patients with repaired CoA. Paper IV: Data on 2,424 adult patients with CHD was extracted from SWEDCON and compared to controls (n = 4,605) regarding height, weight and body mass index (BMI). Paper V: Adults with CoA (n = 21, age 28.5 (19.1-65.1) years, 33.3 % female) referred for CMR were investigated with T1 mapping to determine left ventricular extracellular volume fraction (ECV). Results Papers I-II: Out of 653 patients, 344 (52.7 %) had HTN. In a multivariable model, age (years) (OR 1.07, CI 1.05-1.10), sex (male) (OR 3.35, CI 1.98-5.68) and BMI (kg/m2) (OR 1.09, CI 1.03-1.16) were associated with having HTN, and so was systolic arm-leg blood pressure (BP) gradient where an association was found at the ranges (10, 20] mmHg (OR 3.58, CI 1.70-7.55) and > 20 mmHg (OR 11.38, CI 4.03-32.11), in comparison to the range [0, 10] mmHg. When investigating 243 patients with diagnosed HTN, 127 (52.3 %) had elevated BP (≥ 140/90 mmHg). Age (years) (OR 1.03, CI 1.01-1.06) was associated with elevated BP, and so was systolic arm-leg BP gradient in the ranges (10, 20] mmHg (OR 4.92, CI 1.76-13.79), and > 20 mmHg (OR 9.93, CI 2.99-33.02), in comparison to the reference interval [0, 10] mmHg. Patients with elevated BP had more classes of anti-hypertensive medication classes prescribed (1.9 vs 1.5, p = 0.003). Paper III: Out of 506 patients, 114 (22.5 %) were found to have LVH. Systolic BP (mmHg) (OR 1.02, CI 1.01-1.04), aortic valve disease, (OR 2.17, CI 1.33–3.53), age (years) (OR 1.03, CI 1.01–1.05), and HTN (OR 3.02, CI 1.81-5.02), were associated with LVH, while sex (female) (OR 0.41, CI 0.24-0.72) was negatively associated with LVH. Paper IV: There was no difference in height, weight, or BMI between patients with CoA (n = 414) and the reference population. Paper V: In the population of 21 patients, an increased left ventricular myocardial ECV was found in 6 cases (28.6 %). Of the patients with increased ECV, 5/6 (83.3 %) were female (p = 0.002). Patients with increased ECV did not otherwise differ from the rest of the study population. iv Conclusions In adults with repaired CoA, HTN and LVH were common, and many patients with HTN had elevated BP despite treatment. The potentially modifiable factors BMI and systolic arm-leg BP gradient were associated with HTN, and the gradient was also associated with elevated BP among patients with diagnosed HTN. The gradient’s significance remained even within what the current guidelines consider acceptable ranges. Potentially modifiable factors associated with LVH were systolic BP and aortic valve disease. We found no general difference in height, weight, or BMI between patients with CoA and the reference population. While LVH was more common among men, increased myocardial ECV was more common among women.
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Kiele, Sven. "Ladungs- und Orbitalordnungsphänomene in Übergangsmetalloxidverbindungen unter hydrostatischem Druck." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2006. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1146138082235-46541.
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The thesis is dealing with the investigation of charge and orbital order and their behaviour under external pressure. Therefore, a new pressure cell has been developed which allows the observation of superlattice reflections corresponding to the order phenomena under pressure using scattering of high-energy synchrotron radiation. The maximum pressure that can be reached is 1.25 GPa. Until today there has been no possibility to conduct such studies of charge and orbital order superlattice reflections under pressure using x-ray scattering. The intensities of the reflections of the single crystalline samples are quite weak compared to fundamental peaks. Therefore the measurements are strongly affected by the absorption of the radiation in the pressure cell itself. Further difficulties result from the facts that low temperatures are needed and the sample has to be oriented in reciprocal space after being mounted into the cell. Therefore, the design of a compact clamp-type piston pressure cell was chosen here. The cell is made from a copper-beryllium alloy with the wall thickness reduced in the height of the sample volume. This allows the usage inside a closed-cycle cryostat mounted on a three-axis-diffractometer. Absorption effects are minimized due to the combination of reduced wall thickness and the usage of high energy synchrotron radiation (E = 100 keV at the beamline BW5 at HASYLAB/DESY). The new experimental technique was established and used for a study of two representatives of the transition metal oxide compounds, i.e. doped cuprates and manganites, which belong to the class of strongly correlated electron systems. The 1/8-doped cuprate La_{2-x}Ba_{x}CuO_{4} reveals an ordered state at low temperatures. Inside the CuO_{2} planes a combined order of charge stripes and antiferromagnetic spin stripes is observed. The ordering results from the interaction between charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom. Here the lattice degrees of freedom play a major role. Particularly, a structural transition from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal symmetry is prerequisite for the observation of the ordered state. The cell constructed in this work allows a more exact analysis of the coupling between the crystal lattice and the formation of the charge and spin ordered phase. The manganite system Pr_{0.7}(Ca_{0.9}Sr_{0.1})_{0.3}MnO_{3} shows a strong magnetoresistive effect, called colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). In this system, several ordered phases can be found, which exhibit charge, spin and - since the orbital degree of freedom is also present in the manganites - additionally orbital ordering phenomena. In particular, an antiferromagnetically spin ordered insulating phase, which is connected to a charge- and orbital ordered state competes with a ferromagnetic metallic phase. This competition leads to a phase separation, which determines the properties of the sample. Both phases are strongly coupled to the lattice degrees of freedom, so that application of external pressure drastically affects the interplay between the different phases and allows a detailed study of the relation between the charge and orbital ordered phase and the crystal structureDie vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit dem Studium der Ordnungszustände von Ladungen und Orbitalen und deren Beeinflußung durch externen Druck. Als experimentelle Neuentwicklung wurde dafür eine Druckzelle entworfen, mit deren Hilfe die Beobachtung der jeweiligen Ordnungsphänomene unter Druck mittels der Streuung hochenergetischer Synchtrotronstrahlung möglich ist. Die Zelle erlaubt die Messung der orbitalen und Ladungsüberstrukturreflexe, welche aus den geordneten Zuständen resultieren, in einem Druckbereich bis 1.25 GPa. Die experimentelle Herausforderung ergibt sich hierbei aus der Tatsache, dass die Überstrukturreflexe im Vergleich zu den fundamentalen Reflexen der einkristallinen Proben sehr schwach sind und zusätzlich durch die Absorption im Mantelmaterial der Druckzelle stark beeinträchtigt werden. Darüber hinaus soll die Zelle bei tiefen Temperaturen einsetzbar und die Probe auch innerhalb der Zelle im reziproken Raum orientierbar sein. Bei dem hier realisierten Ansatz wurde für das Design daher der Typ einer kompakten Klemmdruckzelle aus einer Kupfer-Beryllium-Legierung gewählt, deren Zellwände im Bereich des Probenvolumens reduziert wurden. Dadurch ist der Einsatz der Zelle im Inneren eines Closed-Cycle-Kryostaten auf einem Einkristall-Diffraktometer möglich. Aufgrund der geringen Wandstärke der Zelle und der Nutzung von hochenergetischer Röntgenstrahlung (E = 100 keV am Messplatz BW5 des HASYLAB/DESY) werden Absorptionseffekte minimiert. Die neue Messmethode wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit etabliert und zur Untersuchung zweier wichtiger Übergangsmetalloxidverbindungen (dotierte Kuprate, Manganate), die zur Klasse der stark korrelierten Elektronensysteme gehören, eingesetzt. Das 1/8-dotierte Kupratsystem La_{2-x}Ba_{x}CuO_{4}, weist bei tiefen Temperaturen einen statisch geordneten Zustand auf. Innerhalb der CuO_{2}-Schichten des Kristalls ergibt sich eine Ordnung, bei der sich Streifen lokalisierter Löcher und antiferromagnetische Bereiche abwechseln. Ursache dieses Zustands ist das Wechselspiel von Ladungen, Spins und strukturellen Freiheitsgraden. Dabei spielen letztere eine herausgehobene Rolle. So ist insbesondere ein struktureller Übergang von einer orthorhombischen zu einer tetragonalen Phase Voraussetzung für die Beobachtung der Ordnung. Die in dieser Arbeit aufgebaute Druckzelle erlaubt eine genauere Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Struktur des Kristalls und der Ausbildung der ladungs- und spingeordneten Phase. Das Manganatsystem Pr_{0.7}(Ca_{0.9}Sr_{0.1})_{0.3}MnO_{3}, zeichnet sich durch einen sehr starken magnetoresistiven Effekt aus, der auch als kolossaler Magnetowiderstand (CMR) bezeichnet wird. Auch hier kann bei tiefen Temperaturen eine geordnete Phase beobachtet werden. Allerdings spielt in diesem System zusätzlich der orbitale Freiheitsgrad der Elektronen eine entscheidende Rolle, so dass sich eine kombinierte Ladungs- und Orbitalordnung ergibt. Diese Phase, die isolierend und zusätzlich antiferromagnetisch geordnet ist, steht im direkten Wettbewerb zu einer ferromagnetischen Phase. Aus dieser Konkurrenz ergibt sich eine Tendenz zur Phasenseparation, deren Effekte die Eigenschaften des Kristalls dominieren. Da beide Phasen stark an die strukturellen Freiheitsgrade gekoppelt sind, läßt sich das Gleichgewicht zwischen ihnen durch externen Druck beeinflussen und die Abhängigkeit der ladungs- und orbitalgeordneten Phase von den strukturellen Eigenschaften des Kristalls im Detail untersuchen
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Juste, Enrique. "Elaboration de réacteurs catalytiques membranaires à microstructures et architectures contrôlées." Limoges, 2008. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/0decb987-3264-4264-8bb3-b83c1092abe9/blobholder:0/2008LIMO4045.pdf.
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La production de syngaz (H2+CO), à partir du gaz naturel, connaît depuis vingt ans un intérêt croissant dans le domaine de l’énergie. Les réacteurs catalytiques membranaires (CMR) apparaissent comme une solution économiquement prometteuse pour le reformage du gaz naturel en syngaz. Le CMR étudié est composée d’une membrane dense (La(1-x)SrxFe(1-y)GayO3-d) conductrice mixte permettant la séparation de l’oxygène de l’air et son transport, d’un support poreux assurant la tenue mécanique et d’un catalyseur favorisant le reformage du méthane. Un matériau de membrane présentant une bonne stabilité dimensionnelle a été sélectionné et mis en forme par coulage en bande. Les relations entre la microstructure de la membrane, l’architecture des réacteurs multicouches et les performances en terme de semi-perméation à l’oxygène ont été étudiées. Enfin, une membrane dense à architecture multicouche à été élaborée en vue de l’amélioration des performances du CMR dans les conditions industriellesSince twenty years, syngas (H2+CO) production from natural gas, has been presented an increasing interest as source of energy and chemical feedstock. Catalytic Membrane Reactors (CMR) are economical attractive processes for natural gas reforming to syngas. The CMR studied consisted of a mixed ionic and electronic conductor dense layer (La(1-x)SrxFe(1-y)GayO3-d) which can separate oxygen from air and transport it, a porous support to ensure the mechanical strength of the reactor and a catalytic layer improving methane reforming. Firstly, a material with a good dimensional stability was chosen and shaped by tape casting. Secondly, the influence of the microstructure of the membrane and the architecture of multilayer reactors on semipermeability properties was studied. Finally, a multilayer dense membrane was elaborated in order to improve performances of the CMR in industrial working conditions
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Kiele, Sven. "Ladungs- und Orbitalordnungsphänomene in Übergangsmetalloxidverbindungen unter hydrostatischem Druck: Diffraktometrische Studien mit Synchrotronstrahlung." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universität Dresden, 2005. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A24697.
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The thesis is dealing with the investigation of charge and orbital order and their behaviour under external pressure. Therefore, a new pressure cell has been developed which allows the observation of superlattice reflections corresponding to the order phenomena under pressure using scattering of high-energy synchrotron radiation. The maximum pressure that can be reached is 1.25 GPa. Until today there has been no possibility to conduct such studies of charge and orbital order superlattice reflections under pressure using x-ray scattering. The intensities of the reflections of the single crystalline samples are quite weak compared to fundamental peaks. Therefore the measurements are strongly affected by the absorption of the radiation in the pressure cell itself. Further difficulties result from the facts that low temperatures are needed and the sample has to be oriented in reciprocal space after being mounted into the cell. Therefore, the design of a compact clamp-type piston pressure cell was chosen here. The cell is made from a copper-beryllium alloy with the wall thickness reduced in the height of the sample volume. This allows the usage inside a closed-cycle cryostat mounted on a three-axis-diffractometer. Absorption effects are minimized due to the combination of reduced wall thickness and the usage of high energy synchrotron radiation (E = 100 keV at the beamline BW5 at HASYLAB/DESY). The new experimental technique was established and used for a study of two representatives of the transition metal oxide compounds, i.e. doped cuprates and manganites, which belong to the class of strongly correlated electron systems. The 1/8-doped cuprate La_{2-x}Ba_{x}CuO_{4} reveals an ordered state at low temperatures. Inside the CuO_{2} planes a combined order of charge stripes and antiferromagnetic spin stripes is observed. The ordering results from the interaction between charge, spin and lattice degrees of freedom. Here the lattice degrees of freedom play a major role. Particularly, a structural transition from an orthorhombic to a tetragonal symmetry is prerequisite for the observation of the ordered state. The cell constructed in this work allows a more exact analysis of the coupling between the crystal lattice and the formation of the charge and spin ordered phase. The manganite system Pr_{0.7}(Ca_{0.9}Sr_{0.1})_{0.3}MnO_{3} shows a strong magnetoresistive effect, called colossal magnetoresistance (CMR). In this system, several ordered phases can be found, which exhibit charge, spin and - since the orbital degree of freedom is also present in the manganites - additionally orbital ordering phenomena. In particular, an antiferromagnetically spin ordered insulating phase, which is connected to a charge- and orbital ordered state competes with a ferromagnetic metallic phase. This competition leads to a phase separation, which determines the properties of the sample. Both phases are strongly coupled to the lattice degrees of freedom, so that application of external pressure drastically affects the interplay between the different phases and allows a detailed study of the relation between the charge and orbital ordered phase and the crystal structure.Die vorliegende Arbeit befaßt sich mit dem Studium der Ordnungszustände von Ladungen und Orbitalen und deren Beeinflußung durch externen Druck. Als experimentelle Neuentwicklung wurde dafür eine Druckzelle entworfen, mit deren Hilfe die Beobachtung der jeweiligen Ordnungsphänomene unter Druck mittels der Streuung hochenergetischer Synchtrotronstrahlung möglich ist. Die Zelle erlaubt die Messung der orbitalen und Ladungsüberstrukturreflexe, welche aus den geordneten Zuständen resultieren, in einem Druckbereich bis 1.25 GPa. Die experimentelle Herausforderung ergibt sich hierbei aus der Tatsache, dass die Überstrukturreflexe im Vergleich zu den fundamentalen Reflexen der einkristallinen Proben sehr schwach sind und zusätzlich durch die Absorption im Mantelmaterial der Druckzelle stark beeinträchtigt werden. Darüber hinaus soll die Zelle bei tiefen Temperaturen einsetzbar und die Probe auch innerhalb der Zelle im reziproken Raum orientierbar sein. Bei dem hier realisierten Ansatz wurde für das Design daher der Typ einer kompakten Klemmdruckzelle aus einer Kupfer-Beryllium-Legierung gewählt, deren Zellwände im Bereich des Probenvolumens reduziert wurden. Dadurch ist der Einsatz der Zelle im Inneren eines Closed-Cycle-Kryostaten auf einem Einkristall-Diffraktometer möglich. Aufgrund der geringen Wandstärke der Zelle und der Nutzung von hochenergetischer Röntgenstrahlung (E = 100 keV am Messplatz BW5 des HASYLAB/DESY) werden Absorptionseffekte minimiert. Die neue Messmethode wurde im Rahmen der Arbeit etabliert und zur Untersuchung zweier wichtiger Übergangsmetalloxidverbindungen (dotierte Kuprate, Manganate), die zur Klasse der stark korrelierten Elektronensysteme gehören, eingesetzt. Das 1/8-dotierte Kupratsystem La_{2-x}Ba_{x}CuO_{4}, weist bei tiefen Temperaturen einen statisch geordneten Zustand auf. Innerhalb der CuO_{2}-Schichten des Kristalls ergibt sich eine Ordnung, bei der sich Streifen lokalisierter Löcher und antiferromagnetische Bereiche abwechseln. Ursache dieses Zustands ist das Wechselspiel von Ladungen, Spins und strukturellen Freiheitsgraden. Dabei spielen letztere eine herausgehobene Rolle. So ist insbesondere ein struktureller Übergang von einer orthorhombischen zu einer tetragonalen Phase Voraussetzung für die Beobachtung der Ordnung. Die in dieser Arbeit aufgebaute Druckzelle erlaubt eine genauere Analyse des Zusammenhangs zwischen Struktur des Kristalls und der Ausbildung der ladungs- und spingeordneten Phase. Das Manganatsystem Pr_{0.7}(Ca_{0.9}Sr_{0.1})_{0.3}MnO_{3}, zeichnet sich durch einen sehr starken magnetoresistiven Effekt aus, der auch als kolossaler Magnetowiderstand (CMR) bezeichnet wird. Auch hier kann bei tiefen Temperaturen eine geordnete Phase beobachtet werden. Allerdings spielt in diesem System zusätzlich der orbitale Freiheitsgrad der Elektronen eine entscheidende Rolle, so dass sich eine kombinierte Ladungs- und Orbitalordnung ergibt. Diese Phase, die isolierend und zusätzlich antiferromagnetisch geordnet ist, steht im direkten Wettbewerb zu einer ferromagnetischen Phase. Aus dieser Konkurrenz ergibt sich eine Tendenz zur Phasenseparation, deren Effekte die Eigenschaften des Kristalls dominieren. Da beide Phasen stark an die strukturellen Freiheitsgrade gekoppelt sind, läßt sich das Gleichgewicht zwischen ihnen durch externen Druck beeinflussen und die Abhängigkeit der ladungs- und orbitalgeordneten Phase von den strukturellen Eigenschaften des Kristalls im Detail untersuchen.
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Binnenhei, Carsten. "Charged quantum fields associated with endomorphisms of CAR and CCR algebras." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://darwin.inf.fu-berlin.de/1998/11/index.html.
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Ullvin, Amanda. "Reduction of streak artifacts in radial MRI using CycleGAN." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemi, bioteknologi och hälsa (CBH), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-284344.
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One way of reducing the examination time in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is to reduce the amount of raw data acquired, by performing so-called undersampling. Conventionally, MRI data is acquired line-by-line on a Cartesian grid. In the field of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (CMR), however, radial k-space sampling is seen as a promising emerging technique for rapid image acquisitions, mainly due to its robustness against motion disturbances occurring from the beating heart. Whereas Cartesian undersampling will result in image aliasing, radial undersampling will introduce streak artifacts. The objective of this work was to train the deep learning architecture, CycleGAN, to reduce streak artifacts in radially undersampled CMR images, and to evaluate the model performance. A benefit of using CycleGAN over other deep learning techniques for this application is that it can be trained on unpaired data. In this work, CycleGAN network was trained on 3060 radial and 2775 Cartesian unpaired CMR images acquired in human subjects to learn a mapping between the two image domains. The model was evaluated in comparison to images reconstructed using another emerging technique called GRASP. Whereas more investigation is warranted, the results are promising, suggesting that CycleGAN could be a viable method for effective streak-reduction in clinical applications.
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Boissonneaux, de Chevigny Antoine de. "Régulation de la neurogenèse bulbaire adulte : implication pour la thérapie cellulaire." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066019.
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Bennevall, Marcus. "Creativity in Mathematics Curricula – An International Comparison between Singapore, Hong Kong, Sweden, and Norway." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Matematiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138693.
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Studies have shown that creative mathematically founded reasoning (CMR) outperforms algorithmic reasoning (AR) in regards to retention and (re)construction of knowledge. This suggests that creativity should be encouraged in national high-school mathematics curricula. The aim of the present study is to compare how creativity is framed in different national high-school mathematics curricula, using the following definition: creativity is the characteristics of people, processes, and environments which lead to new and original products that are useful or otherwise attractive to an individual or a society. Utilizing content and discourse analysis, the present study thus contrasts how the high-school mathematics curricula of Singapore, Hong Kong, Sweden, and Norway handle and value creativity, and also examines which role creativity takes in each curricula. Findings suggest that Singapore’s curriculum emphasizes creativity the most, and frequently does so in relation to assessment. Hong Kong’s curriculum is found to emphasize creativity in diverse ways, often using words with connotations to playfulness. Analysis of Sweden’s curriculum indicates a relatively minute focus on creativity, tending to put it in a teacher-centered context. A feature of Norway’s curriculum is an increasing emphasis on creativity as courses approach tertiary education. This also suggests a rising value of creativity in its curriculum. A similar though not as pronounced trajectory is found also in Singapore’s curriculum. In the Asian and Norwegian curricula, creativity is expressed both as a means and an end, while in Sweden’s curriculum it is only seen as an end. The results are discussed in terms of potential reasons for the prominent national features, and the study also includes an evaluation of the aptness of the suggested definition of creativity, a review of the limitations of the study, as well as propositions for further research. Finally, two recommendations are given to the National Agency for Education in Sweden – Skolverket – based on the results of the study: 1) diversify the emphasis on creativity in the curriculum, and 2) ensure alignment between what teachers value and what Skolverket values with respect to creativity.
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Bílková, Lenka. "Přepravní smlouva v mezinárodní nákladní železniční a silniční dopravě." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193725.
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The goal of the thesis is to sum up the issues of the contract for the international carriage of goods by road and rail comprehensively, from the perspective of the Czech legal system, and to analyze the issues of the electronic consignment notes, to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of their usage, or to asses the barriers for their usage if they are not widely used yet.