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2
Ahmann, Elizabeth. Changing the concept of families as visitors: Supporting family presence and participation. Bethesda, Md: Institute for Family-Centered Care, 2003.
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Black, Michaela. Learning to classify from temporal data in the presence of concept drift and noise. [S.l: The author], 2002.
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Macnaughton, Timothy. Presence and writing in the philosophy of Jacques Derrida: An analysis of Jacques Derrida's early work on the relationship between the concept of presence and the medium of writing. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1995.
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The life and writings of John Frith (1503-1533): The development of his concept of religious toleration in the early English Reformation. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2009.
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Pedone, Valentina, and Ikuko Sagiyama, eds. Transcending Borders. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-403-9.
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These days, it seems that many people are concerned with borders, confines, and walls more than ever. We chose “transcending borders” as the theme and title of the volume, hinting at the concept of bridging boundaries, in any possible context and domain, metaphorical or concrete. By proposing this theme, we want to reflect on the opportunities that are to be gained through the overcoming of borders, on what can be accomplished by calling into question old norms, on the implementations of less familiar norms, and on the renegotiation of individual limits and horizons. This collection gathers seven articles on the theme of borders: the first four articles deal with Chinese presence in Italy today; the three articles in the field of Japanese Studies elaborate on the concept of borders in literary terms.
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Gertsman, Elina, ed. Abstraction in Medieval Art. NL Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789462989894.
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Abstraction haunts medieval art, both withdrawing figuration and suggesting elusive presence. How does it make or destroy meaning in the process? Does it suggest the failure of figuration, the faltering of iconography? Does medieval abstraction function because it is imperfect, incomplete, and uncorrected-and therefore cognitively, visually demanding? Is it, conversely, precisely about perfection? To what extent is the abstract predicated on theorization of the unrepresentable and imperceptible? Does medieval abstraction pit aesthetics against metaphysics, or does it enrich it, or frame it, or both? Essays in this collection explore these and other questions that coalesce around three broad themes: medieval abstraction as the untethering of the image from what it purports to represent; abstraction as a vehicle for signification; and abstraction as a form of figuration. Contributors approach the concept of medieval abstraction from a multitude of perspectives-formal, semiotic, iconographic, material, phenomenological, epistemological.
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Garofalo, Giuseppe, ed. Capitalismo distrettuale, localismi d'impresa, globalizzazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-605-1.
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From the late Sixties on, industrial development in Italy evolved through the spread of small and medium sized firms, aggregated in district networks, with an elevated propensity to enterprise and the marked presence of owner-families. Installed within the local systems, the industrial districts tended to simulate large-scale industry exploiting lower costs generated by factors that were not only economic. The districts are characterised in terms of territorial location (above all the thriving areas of the North-east and Centre) and sector, since they are concentrated in the "4 As" (clothing-fashion, home-decor, agri-foodstuffs, automation-mechanics), with some overlapping with "Made in Italy". How can this model be assessed? This is the crucial question in the debate on the condition and prospects of the Italian productive system between the supporters of its capacity to adapt and the critics of economic dwarfism. A dispassionate judgement suggests that the prospects of "small is beautiful" have been superseded, but that the "declinist" view, that sees only the dangers of globalisation and the IT revolution for our SMEs is risky. The concept of irreversible crisis that prevails at present is limiting, both because it is not easy either to "invent", or to copy, a model of industrialisation, and because there is space for a strategic repositioning of the district enterprises. The book develops considerations in this direction, showing how an evolution of the district model is possible, focusing on: gains in productivity, scope economies (through diversification and expansion of the range of products), flexibility of organisation, capacity to meld tradition and innovation aiming at product quality, dimensional growth of the enterprises, new forms of financing, active presence on the international markets and valorisation of the resources of the territory. It is hence necessary to reactivate the behavioural functions of the entrepreneurs.
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Ciappei, Cristiano, ed. Innovazione e brokeraggio tecnologico. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-983-0.
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This book is designed to furnish Italian literature with an insight into the significance and the role of knowledge transfer, and in particular of technological brokerage. The idea is that, in the present-day world, dominated by a technology and knowledge available to an increasingly large number of people, enterprises are called upon to reconfigure the concept of innovation, expanding in even geographical terms the quest for solutions that aim at creating an exchange of interdisciplinary knowledge. To respond to the need for the dissemination of knowledge, collaboration between enterprises and the use of brokers appears to be the easiest solution. This can contribute to reducing the inefficacy of the markets and hence to facilitating the technological transactions. In this context the role of the brokers is fundamental in the knowledge markets in general, and in particular in that of technology, spawned by the need for an increasingly complex brokerage of knowledge, between applicant and user. In traditional markets, in effect, transactions can be conducted directly by the enterprises and may deal with current or future technology, but there is also the possibility of indirect transactions, involving the intermediation of specialised brokers. The emergence of these brokers is due to the frequent presence of structural gaps in the real markets which do not permit the normal flow of information: in practice, it is rare for every agent in a market to be connected with all the other agents that may important for him.
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De Boni, Claudio, ed. Lo stato sociale nel pensiero politico contemporaneo. II Novecento. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-370-8.
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Lo stato sociale nel pensiero politico contemporaneo. Il Novecento. Parte seconda: dal dopoguerra a oggi is intended to complete the overview of the presence of the Welfare State concept in contemporary political thought that began in 2007 with the volume dealing with the nineteenth century and then continued in 2009 with the first part of the reconstruction relating to the twentieth century (both published by Firenze University Press). The final period, from the end of the Second World War to the present, is marked by deeply conflicting situations. These range from, on the one hand, the success of the institutions proper to the Welfare State among the artificers of one of the most socially prosperous periods of Western history to, on the other, the surfacing of critical elements with repercussions which are among the most serious political issues of the present time. Uncoiling right through the second half of the twentieth century is the relentless clash between broadly social-democratic theories and those of a neo-liberalist stamp, with the addition of a third source of reflection: the "critical thought" aimed at underscoring the shortcomings of the Welfare State and its substantial dependence on the capitalist cycle. These are the historiographical issues addressed in this book by a number of scholars, engaged in reconstructing the amplitude and the internal breakdown of a debate that involves the political philosophy of the entire contemporary western world. THE THREE VOLUMES: Lo stato sociale nel pensiero politico contemporaneo L'Ottocento Lo stato sociale nel pensiero politico contemporaneo. Il Novecento Parte prima: Da inizio secolo alla seconda guerra mondiale Lo stato sociale nel pensiero politico contemporaneo. Il Novecento Parte seconda: dal dopoguerra a oggi
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Abraham, William J. Divine Agency and Divine Action, Volume IV. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786535.001.0001.
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Following the first three volumes in the series on divine action, this fourth and final volume seeks a prescriptive account of God as an agent. Christian systematic theology raises deep metaphysical questions about the central concepts we use in our thinking about God. One of these central concepts bequeathed by the Christian tradition is that God is an agent. While volumes 2 and 3 offered a wide range of specific divine actions offered in the canonical Christian tradition, the question of how to articulate this basic conviction arises. In this volume, Abraham expounds the concept of God as agent by applying it to various traditional problems in Christian doctrine like the relation of freedom and grace, divine action in liberation theology, the presence of God in the Eucharist, divine providence, the relationship of Christianity and Islam, the relation of the natural sciences to theology and apparent design, and the realm of the demonic. In keeping with the argument of the tetralogy as a whole, specific divine actions are the points of departure for reflection on these topics. The book aims not only to clarify the concept of God as an agent but also to articulate solutions to these traditional problems. It is designed to be the launchpad for further research in divine agency and divine action and how an account of God as an agent can throw fresh light on old theological and philosophical problems.
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Howell, Brian M. Which Theology for Anthropology? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797852.003.0003.
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This chapter suggests that defining the concept of theology may seem more suited for the professional theologian rather than the anthropologist. However, it may be the anthropologist who is best positioned to investigate theology in order to discover what conversations can be profitably brought into the work of anthropology. It begins with a typology of theology first suggested by Hans Frei in the latter part of the twentieth century. The typology serves to compare the present project to one undertaken recently by anthropologists engaging philosophy. Finally, the chapter presents an ethnographic vignette from fieldwork in the Philippines to illustrate how this particular understanding of philosophy–theology may serve to answer anthropological puzzles.
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Pouillaude, Frédéric. Presence, Ideality, Signification. Translated by Anna Pakes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199314645.003.0007.
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This chapter approaches the question of the “spectacle” in a different way, by taking the position of a historically naive contemporary who believes that there is an essence of spectacle simply waiting to be uncovered. In doing so this chapter pretends that the idea of “spectacle” has always existed, as if the historical detail of its emergence and development could be bracketed. It then proceeds in line with the fiction of the concept, by eidetic variation and the testing of limits. The chapter starts from a few examples of “spectacles” some of which might be considered frankly marginal in relation to the core concept: a football match, a bullfight, a concert, a theatrical representation, and a liturgical ceremony. It then tries to answer a very simple question from this historically naive position: in virtue of what common element are these different events called “spectacles,” literally or metaphorically?
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Amir-Moezzi, Mohammed Ali. Early Shīʿī Theology. Edited by Sabine Schmidtke. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199696703.013.30.
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This chapter examines Shīʿi religion and theology in the early period of Islam. There were dozens of Shīʿī branches during the first/seventh to fourth/tenth centuries, a few of which continued into present times: the Zaydīs, the Ismāʿīlīs, and the Twelver Shīʿīs. This chapter deals primarily with the (proto-)Imami Shīʿīs during the pre-Būyid period. The end of this period coincides with the beginning of the so-called ‘Major Occultation’ and was characterized by the triumph of rationalism. This chapter also considers the five concepts on which Shīʿī theology is based, the first three of which are labelled ‘principles of religion’ and the remaining two are known as ‘principles that are specific to Imamism’. Finally, it discusses two types of Shīʿī theology, rational theology and esoteric theology, and the two worldviews that characterized the ‘imam’s religion’, ‘dual vision’ and the ‘dualistic view’.
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Marsh, Clive. Salvation in Capital and Money. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198811015.003.0007.
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This chapter explores what one receives for being ‘saved’, and presents the contentious insight that it is important to consider directly what is gained, with respect to the concept of ‘capital’. Through examination of the relevance for theology of the concepts of social, cultural, and spiritual capital, the chapter highlights, first, non-material but not simply spiritual ways in which salvation is participated in and received. Sociocultural and sociopolitical dimensions of salvation become apparent through such analysis. In the chapter’s second part, the economic and material aspects of salvation are acknowledged and explored. The chapter builds upon recognition of the extensive attention paid to money and material matters in the canonical Gospels in defending the view that material well-being has to be seen as a key feature of salvation when understood as human flourishing.
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Hunt, Loren Philip. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PRESENCE OF THE RESTORATION CONCEPT IN SEVENTH-DAY ADVENTIST NURSING PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES. 1989.
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Zeppetella, Giovambattista. Clarifying the concept of breakthrough pain. Edited by Paul Farquhar-Smith, Pierre Beaulieu, and Sian Jagger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198834359.003.0054.
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The 1990 publication ‘Breakthrough pain: Definition, prevalence and characteristics’ was the first to study to describe breakthrough pain as a discrete pain state. Using the definition that ‘breakthrough pain is a transient increase in the intensity of moderate or severe pain, occurring in the presence of well-established baseline pain’ the authors interviewed 90 cancer pain patients and identified 51 types of breakthrough pain; these varied widely with respect to severity, location, temporal characteristics, relationship to scheduled analgesia, precipitating events, predictability, pathophysiology, aetiology, and palliative factors. As a result of Portenoy and Hagen’s survey, breakthrough pain has been studied as a discrete pain state for almost 30 years, and recognized as an important clinical problem in its own right. An increasing number of published studies exist, with ongoing debate about the breakthrough pain definition, pain assessment, and pain management.
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Zimmermann, Ruben. Eschatology and Time in the Gospel of John. Edited by Judith M. Lieu and Martinus C. de Boer. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198739982.013.17.
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The article discusses the complex issue of time and eschatology in the Fourth Gospel. To get a grip on John’s eschatology it is necessary to take seriously John’s own use of language, and not to let the issue be determined solely by categories or terms (such as ‘eschatology’ and ‘apocalypticism’) introduced by scholars. It is essential to understand John’s eschatology as an aspect of the Gospel’s broader concept of time and the way in which this concept is given linguistic expression. This approach allows more recent, in particular narratological, methods to be applied to determine the Gospel’s concept of time. The article addresses the following topics: present and future eschatology in recent scholarship; the fusion of temporal horizons in the Farewell Discourses; motifs of time and eschatology, such as ‘the hour’, ‘the last day’, and ‘eternal life’; time and narration in John; and implications for John’s theology and ethics.
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Kynes, Will, ed. The Oxford Handbook of Wisdom and the Bible. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190661267.001.0001.
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This volume both reflects on the contested nature of the Wisdom Literature category and takes advantage of the opportunities it presents for reconsidering the concept of wisdom more independently from it. The first half explores wisdom as a concept, with essays on its relationship to skill, epistemology, virtue, theology, and order in the Hebrew Bible, its meaning in related cultures, from Egypt and Mesopotamia to Patristic and Rabbinic interpretation, and, finally, its continuing relevance in the modern world, including in Islamic, Jewish, and Christian thought, and from feminist, environmental, and other contextual perspectives. The latter half considers “Wisdom Literature” as a category. Scholars address its relation to the Solomonic Collection, its social setting, literary genres, chronological development, and theology. Wisdom Literature’s relation to other biblical literature (law, history, prophecy, apocalyptic, and the broad question of “Wisdom influence”) is then discussed before separate chapters on the texts commonly associated with the category. Contributors take a variety of approaches to the current debates surrounding the viability and value of the Wisdom Literature category and its proper relationship to the concept of wisdom in the Hebrew Bible. Though the organization of the volume highlights the independence of wisdom as concept from “Wisdom Literature” as category, seeking to counter the lack of attention given to this question in the traditional approach, the inclusion of both topics together in the same volume reflects their continued interconnection. As such, this handbook both represents the current state of Wisdom scholarship and sets the stage for future developments.
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Peckruhn, Heike. Meaning in Our Bodies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190280925.001.0001.
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What do our everyday experiences and bodily movements have to do with our theological imagination? How should we draw the connection between lived experience and theology? Feminist theologians, as well as other scholars, appeal to the importance of bodily experiences and perceptions when developing claims regarding social and cultural values and argue that our actions are always meaningful. But where and how do these arguments gain traction beyond mere thinking about methods in religious studies or theological exploring of metaphors? Religious scholars and theologians need to acquire a robust grasp on how sensory perceptions and interactions are cultural and theological acts that are bodily meaning making. This book presents a method of tracing embodied experience in order to account for meaning in everyday movements and encounters by strengthening and refining the concept of “experience” through a set of analytical commitments built on Maurice Merlau-Ponty’s phenomenological concepts. The notion of bodily experience is extended to that which makes up our social and theological knowledges. Bodily perceptual experiences are ways of thinking and orienting in the world, therefore comprising theological imagination. This is demonstrated in historical and cultural comparisons where taste, touch, and emitted sounds may order normalcy, social status, or communal belonging. Constructive body theology as analytical tool is tested in feminist projects known for their explicit turn to experience and embodiment (Carter Heyward, Marcella Althaus-Reid). This book concludes with presentations of constructive possibilities that emerge when everyday bodily experience is utilized effectively as a source for religious and theological inquiries.
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Morton, Jonathan. Making and Worshipping Idols. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816669.003.0007.
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This chapter offers an account of the Rose’s ethical project based around the principle of misrecognition as it relates both to the psychology of desire and to the poem’s unreliable textuality. Its ethics, which cannot be distilled into a series of definitive sentences, are understood to depend on the hermeneutic process that the deceptive poem itself demands. The shifting uses of figures idols and idolatry in the poem are used to illustrate how the poem’s productive polysemy allow concepts to be dislodged from one field, such as theology, and repurposed for another, such as psychology or satire. Considering Pauline theology, medieval optical theory, and psychology as they inform the iconic episodes of Narcissus and Pygmalion in the Rose, this chapter shows how the poem presents the mental projections of fantasy simultaneously as dangerous traps and as fundamental tools for the negotiation of desire.
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Leech, Jessica. Kant’s Material Condition of Real Possibility. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786436.003.0005.
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In the Postulates of Empirical Thinking, a section of the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant presents an account of the content and role of our concept of real possibility in terms of formal conditions of experience. However, much later in the Critique he introduces the idea of a material condition of possibility. What is this material condition of possibility, and how does it fit with the conception of possibility in terms of formal conditions? This essay argues that the key to answering these questions—as well as to understanding Kant’s criticism of rational theology, in which the discussion of the material condition of possibility appears—is Kant’s account of how we can individuate objects.
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Chepurin, Kirill, and Alex Dubilet, eds. Nothing Absolute. Fordham University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5422/fordham/9780823290161.001.0001.
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Staging for the first time in extant scholarship a rigorous encounter between German thought from Kant to Marx and new forms of political theology, this ground-breaking volume puts forward a distinct and powerful framework for understanding the continuing relevance of political theology today as well as the conceptual and genealogical importance of German Idealism for its present and future. Against traditional approaches that view German Idealism as essentially a secularizing movement, this volume approaches it as the first speculative articulation of the political-theological problematic in the aftermath of the Enlightenment and the advent of secularity. Via a set of innovative readings and critiques, the volume investigates anew such concepts as immanence, utopia, sovereignty, mediation, indifference, the earth, the absolute, or the world, bringing German Idealism and Romanticism into dialogue with contemporary investigations of the (Christian-)modern forms of transcendence, domination, exclusion, and world-justification. Over the course of the volume, post-Kantian German thought emerges as a crucial phase in the genealogy of political theology and an important point of reference for the ongoing reassessment of modernity and secularity. As a result, this volume not only rethinks the philosophical trajectory of German Idealism and its aftermath from a political-theological perspective, but also demonstrates what can be done with (or against) German Idealism using the conceptual resources of political theology today.
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Rudavsky, T. M. God, Suffering, and Omniscience. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199580903.003.0005.
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The topic of divine predication leads more broadly to issues surrounding divine omniscience, freedom, and evil. The question of why the righteous suffer remains one of the most intractable issues in philosophical theology. More generally, the very concept of a caring deity who is both omniscient and omnipotent gives rise to a logical dilemma: if God is omniscient, then God knows past, present, and future contingents; if God is omnipotent, then God can actualize any state of affairs; if God is benevolent, then presumably God wishes the best possible state of affairs for God’s creatures; and yet we cannot help but recognize the basic fact that the righteous suffer. And so, given the ineluctable reality of human suffering, God is either not omniscient, or not omnipotent, or not benevolent. Jewish philosophers struggle to address these problems.
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Raffnsøe, Sverre, Matias Møl Dalsgaard, and Marius Gudmand-Høyer. Søren Kierkegaard (1813–1855). Edited by Jenny Helin, Tor Hernes, Daniel Hjorth, and Robin Holt. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669356.013.0008.
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Søren Kierkegaard, a Danish theologian and philosopher of existence, proposed concepts that have challenged not only philosophy and theology but also psychology, literary criticism, social political thought, the humanities, social sciences, fiction, institutions, and organizations. In particular, he focused on the human self and human existence, will, choice, subjective truth, commitment and responsibility, and meaning as ineradicable concrete dimensions of reality. His emphasis on subjective becoming finds expression in an open critique of process philosophy and still presents a challenge to organizations and organization studies. This chapter examines Kierkegaard’s relevance for process philosophy in an organizational setting by discussing his thought and selected writings. It considers important facets of Kierkegaard’s philosophy, his consummation of the Lutheran-Protestant tradition, and his lifelong existential critique of Hegelian philosophy. Finally, it analyses Kierkegaard’s influence on later thinkers who have close affinity to process philosophy.
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Borges, Damião Conceição de Souza, and Sandra Célia Coelho Gomes Silva. Pensar e construir: Experiência e vivências. Brazil Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31012/978-65-5861-040-3.
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In the face of a society that liquefies the dimensions of human existence, this project of strengthening institutional links is quite significant, as there is a concern with the formation of the human person as a whole. At the present time, self-donation seems to go against the prevailing “cultural” current. However, this work is proof that the collaborative dimension must be enhanced. Taking advantage of the institutional purpose in the various Campuses of the University of the State of Bahia (UNEB) and the interest of the Diocese of Ilhéus to build partnerships, an intertwining of interests arose, made positive by the conclusion of an agreement, the result of a pilgrimage of knowledge, juxtaposed in a common interest. The current “culture”, marked by immanence, which imprisons the human being in the immediate and does not respond to his deepest aspirations regarding the meaning of life, lacks a humanism that is capable of showing the existence of the Divine. The Ilheus School of Theology (ETEL), which aims to train its lay people, was based on the curricular structure of the Institute of Theology of the Diocese of Ilhéus, which became one of the most renowned institutes of Philosophy and Theology in Brazil. Through this agreement with UNEB, it was possible to academically institutionalize a relevant action already developed by the diocese. This partnership experience between UNEB and ETEL was and has been enriching, with gains for both institutions.
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Lintner, Martin M., ed. Mensch – Tier – Gott. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748907084.
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The growing academic interest in animals and in their abilities and interactions with humans, along with insights from behavioural biology and philosophical reflections on animals, have led to a reassessment of the relationship between humans and animals—and this has had consequences for theology, which must investigate the philosophical and theological reasons why it largely ‘forgets about’ animals. Scripture and the spirituality of creation have the potential to shape our relationship to animals, and theologians must unlock this potential. We must walk a tightrope here: our task is to overcome the differentialism between humans and animals, but without blurring the specific characteristics of each. This book presents an interdisciplinary approach to a form of Christian animal ethics that is not seen as one isolated ethical field in philosophy or theology, but looks for answers in the debates about the relationship between human beings and animals. These questions concern the whole of society. With contributions by Andreas Aigner, Heike Baranzke, Martina Besler, Julia Blanc, Katharina Ebner, Matthias Eggel, Julia Enxing, Matthias Gauly, Herwig Grimm, Anita Idel, Kurt Kotrschal, Peter Kunzmann, Martin M. Lintner, Susana Monsó, Ute Neumann-Gorsolke, Jakob Ohm, Christina Potschka, Kurt Remele, Michael Rosenberger, Markus Vogt and Markus Wild.
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Tallon, Philip. The Mozart Argument and (V) The Argument from Play and Enjoyment. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190842215.003.0020.
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Many atheistic philosophers concede that the prevalence of natural beauty is much more likely on theism than on naturalism. It is fairly easy to argue that beauty counts as evidence for God's existence. But how strong is this evidence? And what account of beauty are we using? This chapter examines several versions of the argument from beauty for God's existence, evaluates them, and presents a modified version of the argument offered by Alvin Plantinga. The chapter contends that beauty, as well as play, fit into the picture of Christian theology, and do not fit well within naturalism. An open-minded investigator should infer that Christian theism provides the best explanation for them, and that Christianity provides the best hope for satisfying our desire for beauty and play. In addition, the chapter offers a brief appraisal of Plantinga’s argument from play, and attempts to further it.
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Höhne, Florian, and Torsten Meireis, eds. Religion and Neo-Nationalism in Europe. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783748905059.
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The contributions to this volume analyse the complex relations between religious traditions, groups and ideas on the one hand, and (neo-)nationalism on the other. They do so on a conceptual level as well as with regard to concrete contexts and countries. They shed light on these relations from historical, sociological, theological and ethical perspectives, and contribute to the discourse on neo-nationalism, populism and public theology. While the first part of the book situates religion and (neo-)nationalism in a globalised world, the second puts the concepts of neo-nationalism, populism, religion in context. The third part presents different case studies (particularly from European countries), and the final part concludes with ethical and political perspectives. With contributions by José Casanova, Mark Juergensmeyer, Hans Joas, Maureen A. Eger, Siniša Malešević, Ulf Hedetoft, Hans-Richard Reuter, Sonja Angelika Strube, Rik Pinxten, Thijl Sunier, Teija Tiilikainen, Cora Alexa Døving, Adrian Pabst, Rolf Schieder, Frank Mathwig, Philippe Portier, Raffaella Perin, István Povedák, Kristina Stoeckl, Dino Abazović, Philip S. Gorski, Robert Vosloo, Marcia Pally, Christian Polke and Torsten Meireis.
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Bedford-Strohm, Jonas, Florian Höhne, and Julian Zeyher-Quattlender, eds. Digitaler Strukturwandel der Öffentlichkeit. Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/9783845291802.
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Widely discussed phenomena like ‘filter bubbles’ and ‘social bots’ point to the reality that the digital transformations of the present also encompass public communication. New opportunities for information and participation have arisen and opinion formation is changing. This volume explores these transformations from an ethical perspective and discusses theoretical work in theology, media ethics and political science in combination with digital practice. It evaluates the potential knowledge arising from various concepts and functions in the ‘public sphere’ under the conditions of digital societies, and discusses in a nuanced way both the dangers to democracy and the opportunities for civic participation and bottom-up processes as a result of digital transformation. Venturing beyond institutional politics, this volume explores the digital transformation of the political and its consequences for churches, protest movements and media outlets. Hence, the contributions it contains are not only relevant for academics working on digital transformation, but also journalists, politicians and employees at NGOs and in churches. With contributions by Sigrid Baringhorst, Christina Schachtner, Florian Stickel, Julian Zeyher-Quattlender, Gary Schaal, Ilona Nord, Christoph Bieber, Jonas Bedford-Strohm, Alexander Filipovic, Alexander Görlach, Torsten Meireis, Frederike van Oorschot, Thomas Renkert.
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Del Lucchese, Filippo. Monstrosity and Philosophy. Edinburgh University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474456203.001.0001.
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This volume is the first systematic investigation into the concept of monstrosity in ancient philosophy and culture. The Author suggests that far from being a peripheral problem, monstrosity is one of the main conceptual challenges for every philosophical system. Ancient authors explores metaphysics, ontology, theology, politics attempting to respond to the threat presented by the radical alterity of monstrous manifestations, both in nature and in thought. Does order come from, and put an end to, chaos or is chaos the monstrous destiny of any supposed order? Is monstrosity a positive sign of the divine or is it its negation and perversion? Does everything, in nature have a meaning and a purpose and, if so, what is the purpose of monsters? Is monstrosity what we call the lowest level of nature's reassuring hierarchy or does it, more threateningly, speak about the absence of such a hierarchy and the illusion of axiology? These are only some of the questions that ancient authors discussed across the centuries, from the early mythical cosmogonies, through the classic and hellenistic period, up to late antiquity and early Christianism. This book offers a fundamental reading not only of the different answers to these questions, but also of the reasons why and the manners in which they have been asked in different cultural and intellectual contexts.
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Lemons, J. Derrick, ed. Theologically Engaged Anthropology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797852.001.0001.
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This book emerged out of a three-year John Templeton grant sponsored collaboration between anthropologists and theologians who sought to discover frameworks which allow for a productive interchange between anthropologists and theologians. To these discussions, theologians brought a long history of using the intellectual and social resources of the Christian tradition to address issues of pressing concern, such as the nature and value of cultural and personal change, the ways meaningful lives are constructed, the nature of human morality, and the means by which ultimate concerns inform the conduct of everyday life. For their part, anthropologists brought their own traditions of investigation of these questions, and they also brought a rapidly growing body of material on how these issues play out in the lives of Christians hailing from all corners of the globe and living in a wide range of social and material circumstances. This collection of essays synthesizes and presents the important themes produced from this collaboration. Furthermore, this volume discusses deeply held theological assumptions that humans make about the nature of reality and illustrate how these assumptions manifest themselves in society. It provides anthropologists and theologians with a rationale and frameworks for using theology in anthropological research.
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Ritzinger, Justin. Anarchy in the Pure Land. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190491161.001.0001.
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Anarchy in the Pure Land investigates the cult of Maitreya, the future Buddha, promoted by the Chinese Buddhist reform movement spearheaded by Taixu as an avenue through which to consider the formation of alternative modernities. The cult presents an apparent anomaly: It shows precisely the kind of concern for ritual, supernatural beings, and the afterlife that much scholarship contends the reformers rejected in the name of “modernity.” This book shows that rather than a concession to tradition, the reimagining of ideas and practices associated with Maitreya was an important site for formulating a Buddhist vision of modernity. To make sense of this it develops a new perspective on alternative modernities by drawing on Charles Taylor’s notion of moral frameworks, arguing that the cult of Maitreya represents an attempt to articulate a new constellation of values that integrates novel understandings of the good clustered around modern visions of utopia with the central Buddhist value of Buddhahood. Part I traces the roots of this constellation to Taixu’s youthful career as an anarchist. Part II examines its articulation in the “Maitreya School’s” theology and the cult’s development from its inception to World War II. Part III examines its subsequent decline and its contemporary legacy within and beyond orthodox Buddhism.
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Greffet, Jean-Jacques. Introduction to near-field optics and plasmonics. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198768609.003.0002.
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A striking difference between near-field optics and far-field optics is the possibility of breaking the so-called diffraction limit, namely of confining light to subwavelength spots. The first section of this chapter introduces the concept of evanescent waves to discuss the subwavelength confinement of light. One of the key ideas put forward is that the presence of charges is required to generate highly localized fields. It is thus necessary to have a tool to compute fields in the presence of these charges. With this aim, the concept of the Green tensor is introduced in the second section. This is a powerful tool for computing electromagnetic fields in inhomogeneous environments. It is also a key quantity for discussing the local density of states and therefore controlling spontaneous emission. The final section is devoted to an introduction to surface plasmons, which are very useful for manipulating electromagnetic fields at the nanoscale.
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Deruelle, Nathalie, and Jean-Philippe Uzan. Fields and matter. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198786399.003.0026.
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This chapter discusses the laws of relativistic dynamics for continuous media, namely, the ‘fields’ that mediate interactions in relativistic theories, and also fluids. The concept of field introduced by Faraday and formalized by Maxwell lies at the heart of contemporary physics. The intuitive idea behind this concept is, on the one hand, that massive bodies, owing to their internal constitution, impregnate space with what are called ‘fields’, potential entities which are only revealed by the presence of other bodies possessing the same type of charge. On the other hand, there is the idea that the interactions between these bodies, which determine their motion, are effected through the intermediary of these fields. This physical concept of a field is represented mathematically by one or several functions of points p in Minkowski spacetime.
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McCarty, Megan, and Steven Karau. Social Inhibition. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.9.
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Social inhibition is the tendency for behaviors that are exhibited when one is alone to be minimized in the presence of others. Despite the long tradition of research investigating the effects of social presence on behavior, research on social inhibition does not constitute a cohesive literature. This chapter integrates social inhibition research from different traditions, focusing on helping behaviors, emotional expression, and behaviors that elicit social disapproval. We discuss moderators and processes that explain when and why social inhibition occurs: arousal, ambiguity, pluralistic ignorance, diffusion of responsibility, feelings of capability, evaluation apprehension, and confusion of responsibility. Key distinctions between social inhibition and related concepts are presented, helping to establish social inhibition as a central social influence concept. We conclude with an analysis of why social inhibition research has not formed a cohesive literature, and we hope that our review of social inhibition facilitates the integration of future research on the topic.
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Medcalf, Rory. India and China. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479337.003.0014.
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Rory Medcalf is Australia’s most prominent commentator on the Indo-Pacific region, and has played an important role in popularizing the concept throughout the region. In this chapter, he explores the forces that are leading to a greater Chinese naval presence in the Indian Ocean and India’s options in responding to that presence. Medcalf argues that for India, and for other resident powers of the Indian Ocean, the accelerated arrival of China as a security player should be cause neither for panic nor complacency. There is still scope to ensure that China in the Indian Ocean becomes neither destabilizingly defensive nor dangerously dominant. In particular, India needs to take the initiative in building maritime security cooperation with a range of capable Indian Ocean-going powers that are well-disposed to its rise in order to create a stable strategic environment in which China will play an important role.
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Morel, Domingo. The Implications of State Takeovers for Urban Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190678975.003.0005.
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As states increase their presence in localities, what are the enduring implications for urban governance and theories of urban politics? The chapter examines urban regime theory, the dominant urban political theory of the last 30 years, and argues that although urban regime theory is still a relevant framework to analyze urban governance, the changing role of state actors, particularly governors, in urban regimes requires an expansion of urban regime theory as a conceptual framework. The chapter introduces the concept of cohesive and disjointed state-local regimes. The concept proposes that local leaders can best represent the needs of their communities under cohesive state-local regimes, while localities are exposed to less desirable, even hostile, state-led policies under disjointed state-local regimes.
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Ingram, Paul, and Bill Duggan. Improvisation in Management. Edited by George E. Lewis and Benjamin Piekut. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195370935.013.013.
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Improvisation is informing new models for strategy and organization design and determining how improvisation can create more productive interactions between individuals in an organization. Management research offers something to the study of improvisation in the form of evidence that groups that combine access to diverse ideas with internal cohesion are more creative and better able to develop those ideas into effective products and performances. One example of a management practice informed by improvisation is the concept of strategic intuition, which explains how the combination of lessons from history and presence of mind can produce new ideas.
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Parnas, Josef. On psychosis: Karl Jaspers and beyond. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199609253.003.0014.
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Psychosis is one of the cardinal concepts of psychopathology (Jaspers), with an important descriptive use and frequent but unclear nosological connotations. Despite its central role in clinical psychiatry, it is only inadequately and vaguely addressed and articulated in the contemporary psychodiagnostic manuals. Typically, the descriptive use of this concept—as a ”break with reality”—is always infused with, and framed by pathogenetic hypotheses (e.g. ”weak ego-function” or ”brain disorder”). Because we are not in possession of any extraclinical index of psychosis, all definitions of”psychosis” and ”psychotic” remain on a vague, descriptive level and are often tautological. In particular, the attempts to define psychosis through the presence of delusions (or other ”psychotic symptoms”) only recapitulate the puzzle. This essay tries to identify a phenomenological commonality to such descriptions, examining the philosophical and clinical aspects of the concepts of”reality”, ”rationality” (theoretical and practical), ”reality testing”, ”intersubjectivity”, delusion, hallucination etc. It is concluded that ”psychosis” is a normative, context-sensitive, non-operationalizable concept, indicating a condition of ”radical irrationality”. This concept, although invaluable in clinical and legal work, is probably of only limited nosological (etiological) value.
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Jarjour, Tala. Eight Old Syriac Modes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190635251.003.0003.
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This chapter scrutinizes conceptions of modality in relation to emotionality and aesthetics by addressing written forms of knowledge on the eight ecclesiastical modes in Syriac chant. It begins by presenting basic terms in existing discourses on the subject, then it examines a number of written sources (touching on issues relevant to orientalism and European musicology). The chapter develops a critical narrative on the concept of mode in three ways. First, it extracts from written tracts on the subject information that corresponds with the author’s ethnographic observation of living practice. Second, it dissects the concept of mode in Syriac music scholarship by tracking its sources and employment. Third, it brings to light the significance of perception and experience as they coincide in inherited knowledge in this aural tradition. In showing at once the presence and the absence of physical and metaphysical thinking in these writings, the chapter brings the notion of spirituality to the study of emotion and the aesthetic.
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Sykes, Jim. Sonic Generosity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190912024.003.0002.
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This chapter introduces the concept of the “musical gift” and locates its presence in Sri Lankan contexts. It also considers the historic relations between musical giving and the identity paradigm in European history, and the relations between musical gifts and musical commodities. Finally, the chapter considers writings in the ontological turn and new materialism in religious studies in tandem with writings on secularism to argue for a new narrative on global music history for music studies. Contra Jacques Attali and numerous other writers on the political economy of music, the chapter argues for the persistence of musical efficacy, enchantment, and giving in the modern world.
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Asifa, Quraishi. Part 1 Constitutionalism and Islam: Conceptual Issues, 1.3 The Separation of Powers in the Tradition of Muslim Governments. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0004.
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Unlike the relationship between executive, judicial, and legislative powers in modern democracies, the classical Muslim balance of power was not between government entities but rather between the government as a whole and the nongovernmental forces of scholarly academia. Neither had absolute power over the law, and each institution recognized the other's presence and role in the system. This chapter offers a brief overview of this classical Muslim balance of power, summarizing how it is both similar to and different from the contemporary constitutional concept of a separation of powers. It suggests the ways in which classical Muslim structure of authority might provide useful insights for rule of law questions in Muslim majority countries today.
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Cornwell, Hannah. The Meaning of Pax. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198805632.003.0001.
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This chapter examines the semantic range of the concept of pax, considering its place in the Roman imaginary alongside ‘associated concepts’ (particularly concordia, otium, bellum, and victoria). The traditional Republican meaning and uses of the term pax are examined in a variety of contexts (contemporary prose, poetry, historical writings, numismatics, and religious dimensions) in order to establish more precisely the conceptualization and meaning of pax within the conventional political language of the Republic. Whilst pax was used to describe a usually unequal relationship of power with either the gods or other civic entities, as well as interpersonal relations, it did not conventionally have a strong political presence in Roman thought prior to the first century BC.
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Gilmore, Bill. Hot Pursuit. Edited by Marc Weller. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199673049.003.0042.
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This chapter examines the doctrine of ‘hot pursuit’ used by the state to exercise its coercive powers beyond national territory for law enforcement purposes. It discusses hot pursuit by sea, land, and air in the context of international law, particularly with respect to self-defence and reprisal. Whilst hot pursuit is well recognized in the customary international law of the sea, it has yet to achieve that form of normative recognition in relation to pursuit on land or by air. The chapter considers the debate over hot pursuit as a legal justification for cross-border military incursions independent of the right of self-defence and describes the concept of extended constructive presence before concluding with an analysis of hot pursuit in a use of force context.
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Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Pathophysiological changes of ageing and their relevance to anaesthesia. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0002.
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The molecular basis of ageing is reviewed. This includes the concept of a summation of DNA damage over a lifetime causing genome instability. Epigenetic alterations, telomeric shortening, and the possibility of their modification are discussed. Oxidative and mitochondrial DNA damage and the resulting dysfunction leading to senescence are briefly described. Systemic problems and resultant behavioural adaptation may mask the decline in functional reserve and cause some of the difficulties in identifying its presence in ill elderly patients. Specific organ system changes are then described in some detail. These include the major concerns with the cardiovascular, respiratory, renal, hepatic, neurologic, endocrine, and musculoskeletal systems. The effect of ageing on the special senses of vision and hearing are covered, with emphasis on issues of informed consent.
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Gebreab, Samson Y. Statistical Methods in Spatial Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190843496.003.0004.
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Most studies evaluating relationships between neighborhood characteristics and health neglect to examine and account for the spatial dependency across neighborhoods, that is, how neighboring areas are related to each other, although the possible presence of spatial effects (e.g., spatial dependency, spatial heterogeneity) can potentially influence the results in substantial ways. This chapter first discusses the concept of spatial autocorrelation and then provides an overview of different spatial clustering methods, including Moran’s I and spatial scan statistics as well as different models to map spatial data, for example, spatial Bayesian mapping. Next, this chapter discusses various spatial regression methods used in spatial epidemiology for accounting spatial dependency and/or spatial heterogeneity in modeling the relationships between neighborhood characteristics and health outcomes, including spatial econometric models, Bayesian spatial models, and multilevel spatial models.
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Glanville, Peter John. Causation and actionalization. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198792734.003.0006.
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Chapter 6 investigates Arabic causative verbs, in addition to verbs that express the actionalization of otherwise inert or static concepts. It focuses initially on the causative alternation and the dative alternation in Arabic, showing that morphologically marked causatives derived from non-causative base verbs denote the presence of an agent that is external to the base concept. It argues that this agent remains constant in marked verbs not typically considered causative, but which have an agentive subject nevertheless. The analysis extends to Arabic denominal verbs, where the chapter illustrates that an agent either transfers, produces, or moves towards the entity denoted by the base noun. The chapter also examines the combination of causation and reflexivity in certain verb patterns, demonstrating that the resulting action is not only initiated by, but also affects, the causer.
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Stephenson, Carolyn. Peace Research/Peace Studies: A Twentieth Century Intellectual History. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.273.
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Peace research is a component of the field of international relations (IR) that focuses on the causes of war and violence as well as the conditions of peace. The origins of peace research can be traced to the works of Plato, Thucydides, Hugo Grotius, Thomas Hobbes, and Immanuel Kant. The central debate in peace research revolved around the question of whether peace is to be defined simply as the absence of war and direct violence (“negative peace”) or the whether the concept encompasses both the absence of war and direct violence plus the presence of social justice (“positive peace”). Three primary waves of peace studies worldwide since its beginnings between the world wars can be identified: the first wave, roughly from the 1930s to 1960s, focused largely on the causes of war; the second wave was concerned with radicalization and democratization of peace studies; and the third wave saw the rise of two dominant fields—those of nuclear weapons, arms control and disarmament, and conflict resolution/management. During the 1990s, there was a renewed attention to research on topics such as sanctions, peacemaking, the concept of a culture of peace, environment, development, and conflict. Peace research and peace studies have in some ways brought about a transformation not only of dominant power structures, but also of the very concept of power itself. However, there are areas that need improvement, such as developing alternatives to armed conflict and injustice.
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Stanghellini, Giovanni. Conflicting values: the case with post partum depression. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0024.
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This chapter reformulates the concept of ‘conflict’, arguing that conflicts do not inevitably involve an unconscious desire—they involve plurality. Conflicts go with being human because we are intrinsically plural, as we are inhabited by alterity. Plurality implies disunion. This does not amount merely to internal conflicts in a strict psychoanalytical sense; rather, it is the ubiquitous presence of non-coincidence and eccentricity. Human existence constantly escapes any coinciding with an essence. Disunion means that I am called to take a position in front of myself, and more specifically in front of the otherness I experience in my existence. One does not coincide with his experience. To be human is to deal with this reflective duplicity by taking upon myself the responsibility for articulating, making sense of, coping with, and appropriating. All this is explained through a clinical example: post partum depression.