Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The concept of presence in theologty'

In online learning, each training example is processed separately and then discarded. Environments that require online learning are often non-stationary and their underlying distributions may change over time (concept drift). Even though ensembles of learning machines have been used for handling concept drift, there has been no deep study of why they can be helpful for dealing with drifts and which of their features can contribute for that. The thesis mainly investigates how ensemble diversity affects accuracy in online learning in the presence of concept drift and how to use diversity in order to improve accuracy in changing environments. This is the first diversity study in the presence of concept drift. The main contributions of the thesis are: - An analysis of negative correlation in online learning. - A new concept drift categorisation to allow principled studies of drifts. - A better understanding of when, how and why ensembles of learning machines can help to handle concept drift in online learning. - Knowledge of how to use information learnt from the old concept to aid the learning of the new concept. - A new approach called Diversity for Dealing with Drifts (DDD), which is accurate both in the presence and absence of drifts.

This investigation has been carried out at the RoyalInstitute of Technology (KTH) in Stockholm. The main goal hasbeen to investigate the factors determining the production of asense of presence and reality in video mediated communication.Presenceis in these studies defines as the subjectiveexperience of being together in one place when one isphysically situated in another. Presence is an emergentproperty; it has no physicality, but arises as a mentalsensation. Special attention has been paid to spatial factors,embodiment issues, and narrative elements related to theproduction of presence.

A context map has been used in order to model the semanticsof presence production and to visualize the relationshipsbetween the determining factors. The conclusions may besummarized as follows:

    Knowledge about physical and extended spaces and bodiesand of the shifting of attention between these is importantin presence production.

    Well planned design of physical and virtual spacesenhances the sense of presence.

    Coherent design and production of mediated embodiment canenhance the sense of presence.

    Conscious use of content characteristics, e.g., goodstorytelling, can enhance the sense of presence.

    Different communication modes need the support ofdifferent combinations of presence production factors.

    Even technically poorly mediated communication maysupport a sense of presence and reality if the storytellingis good.

    The human sensory environment should be supported by asense of non-mediation, technological transparency, on theplane of discourse.

    The results indicate that individual differencesinfluence the sense of presence and reality.

The perception of video mediated communication evolves aspeople become daily users. People seem to intuitively begin tointerpret new types of mediated cues, adding what is missing incomparison to a real time physical communicationexperience.

Keywords:Telepresence, presence, social presence,co-presence, concept modeling, virtual reality, person space,task space, narration, video mediated communication, videoconferencing.

Learning from data streams is emerging as an important application area. When the environment changes, it is necessary to rely on on-line learning with the capability to adapt to changing conditions a.k.a. concept drifts. Adapting to concept drifts entails forgetting some or all of the old acquired knowledge when the concept changes while accumulating knowledge regarding the supposedly stationary underlying concept. This tradeoff is called the stability-plasticity dilemma. Ensemble methods have been among the most successful approaches. However, the management of the ensemble which ultimately controls how past data is forgotten has not been thoroughly investigated so far. Our work shows the importance of the forgetting strategy by comparing several approaches. The results thus obtained lead us to propose a new ensemble method with an enhanced forgetting strategy to adapt to concept drifts. Experimental comparisons show that our method compares favorably with the well-known state-of-the-art systems. The majority of previous works focused only on means to detect changes and to adapt to them. In our work, we go one step further by introducing a meta-learning mechanism that is able to detect relevant states of the environment, to recognize recurring contexts and to anticipate likely concepts changes. Hence, the method we suggest, deals with both the challenge of optimizing the stability-plasticity dilemma and with the anticipation and recognition of incoming concepts. This is accomplished through an ensemble method that controls a ensemble of incremental learners. The management of the ensemble of learners enables one to naturally adapt to the dynamics of the concept changes with very few parameters to set, while a learning mechanism managing the changes in the ensemble provides means for the anticipation of, and the quick adaptation to, the underlying modification of the context.

Loneliness is a growing social problem that affects people from different age groups. Studies have shown that loneliness is prevalent more in young adults and the elderly demographic. Loneliness can pose serious health issues like cognitive malfunction, heart disease, stroke, depression, etc. People who stay alone from friends and family tend to feel lonelier. Conventional communication tools like a phone or video calls or using social media applications can help the users connect with people but also have adverse effects. As a result of this, the potential of an alternative nonverbal mode of communication needs to be explored. The research aims to understand individuals' behavior, traits, and hidden needs when it comes to loneliness. The purpose is to suggest an alternative way of communication that creates a sense of presence and ensures mental well for the people living alone and suffer from emotional loneliness. The concept of Calm and ambient technology has been explored in this thesis as an alternative means of communication. Users’ needs were gathered from eight semi-structured interviews, and two stakeholders were identified. Over forty ideas were generated from brainstorming. The ideas were sent to twenty individuals through snowballing. The response from them was analyzed and narrowed down by using concept screening and concept scoring. The final concept was a device called ‘One home lamp.’ The device uses light to show the presence of remote family members or loved ones to a person living alone. This concept product was then evaluated through ‘Mankoff’s heuristics’ to see its credibility as a calm ambient artifact.

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A time series is a collection of observations measured sequentially in time. Several realworld dynamic processes can be modeled as time series. One of the main problems of time series analysis is the forecasting of future values. As a special kind of data stream, a time series may present concept drifts, which are changes in the underlying data generation process from time to time. The concept drift phenomenon affects negatively the forecasting methods which are based on observing past behaviors of the time series to forecast future values. Despite the fact that concept drift is not a new research area, the effects of concept drifts in time series are not widely studied. Some approaches proposed in the literature to handle concept drift in time series are passive methods that successive update the learned model to the observations that arrive from the data stream. These methods present no transparency to the user and present a potential waste of computational resources. Other approaches are active methods that implement a detect-and-adapt scheme, in which the learned model is adapted just after the explicit detection of a concept drift. By using explicit detection, the learned model is updated or retrained just in the presence of drifts, which can reduce the space and computational complexity of the learning system. These methods are generally based on monitoring the residuals of a fitted model or on monitoring the raw time series observations directly. However, these two sources of information (residuals and raw observations) may not be so reliable for a concept drift detection method applied to time series. Residuals of a fitted model may be influenced by problems in training. Raw observations may present some variations that do not represent significant changes in the time series data stream. The main contribution of this work is an active adaptive learning system which is able to handle concept drift in time series. The proposed method, called Feature Extraction and Weighting for Explicit Concept Drift Detection (FW-FEDD) considers a set of time series features to detect concept drifts in time series in a more reliable way, being trustworthy and transparent to users. The features considered are weighted according to their importance to define concept drifts at each instant. A concept drift test is then used to detect drifts in a more reliable way. FW-FEDD also implements a forecasting module composed by a pool of forecasting models in which each model is specialized in a different time series concept. Several computational experiments on both artificial and real-world time series showed that the proposed method is able to improve the concept drift detection accuracy compared to methods based on monitoring raw time series observations and residual-based methods. Results also showed the superiority of FW-FEDD compared to other passive and active adaptive learning systems in terms of forecasting performance.
Uma série temporal é uma coleção de observações medidas sequencialmente no tempo. Diversos processos dinâmicos reais podem ser modelados como uma série temporal. Um dos principais problemas no contexto de séries temporais é a previsão de valores futuros. Sendo um tipo especial de fluxo de dados, uma série temporal pode apresentar mudança de conceito, que é a mudança no processo gerador dos dados. O fenômeno da mudança de conceito afeta negativamente os métodos de previsão baseados na observação do comportamento passado da série para prever valores futuros. Apesar de que mudança de conceito não é uma nova área, os efeitos da mudança de conceito em séries temporais ainda não foram amplamente estudados. Algumas abordagens propostas na literatura para tratar esse problema em séries temporais são métodos passivos que atualizam sucessivamente o modelo aprendido com novas observações que chegam do fluxo de dados. Estes métodos não são transparentes para o usuário e apresentam um potencial consumo de recursos computacionais. Outras abordagens são métodos ativos que implementam um esquema de detectar-e-adaptar, no qual o modelo aprendido é adaptado somente após a detecção explícita de uma mudança. Utilizando detecção explícita, o modelo aprendido é atualizado ou retreinado somente na presença de mudanças, reduzindo a complexidade computacional e de espaço do sistema de aprendizado. Estes método são geralmente baseados na monitoração dos resíduos de um modelo ajustado ou na monitoração dos dados da série diretamente. No entanto, estas duas fontes de informação (resíduos e dados crus) podem não ser tão confiáveis para um método de detecção de mudanças. Resíduos de um modelo ajustado podem ser influenciados por problemas no treinamento. Observações cruas podem apresentar variações que não representam mudanças significativas no fluxo de dados. A principal contribuição deste trabalho é um sistema de aprendizado adaptativo ativo capaz de tratar mudanças de conceito em séries temporais. O método proposto, chamado de Feature Extraction and Weighting for Explicit Concept Drift Detection (FW-FEDD) considera um conjunto de características da série temporal para detectar mudança de conceito de uma forma mais confiável, sendo transparente ao usuário. As características consideradas são ponderadas de acordo com sua importância para a definição das mudanças em cada instante. Um teste de mudança de conceito é utilizado para detectar as mudanças de forma mais confiável. FW-FEDD também implementa um módulo de previsão composto por um conjunto de modelos de previsão onde cada modelo é especializado em um conceito diferente. Diversos experimentos computacionais usando séries reais e artificiais mostram que o método proposto é capaz de melhorar a detecção de mudança de conceito comparado com métodos baseados na monitoração de dados crus da série e métodos baseados em resíduos. Resultados também mostraram a superioridade do FW-FEDD comparado com outros métodos de aprendizado adaptativo ativos e passivos em termos de acurácia de predição.

The recent advances in digital communication technologies have altered the way in which people socialize on a day-to-day basis. A question that has arisen in relation to this is what being somewhere together actually means at a time when our interactions are no longer confined to shared physical places. The phenomenon of being somewhere together (also: togetherness) has previously been studied within the fields of social presence theory (which focuses on digitally mediated ‘togetherness’ and primarily departs from a psychological perspective) and microsociology (which takes an arguably more interactional approach to the idea of being together but primarily focuses on face-to-face interaction). Therefore, what is missing is a conceptualization of togetherness that can account both for togetherness in contexts other than those mediated face- to-face and for the ways in which togetherness is potentially ‘created’ in social interaction. The purpose of this thesis is to address this shortcoming by examining the underlying problem of being together and the conceptualizations of being together in the two aforementioned discourses. For the theoretical analyses, the example of online chat conversation is used as the primary focus of study. The thesis comprises three main parts. In the first part, the question of why being together has become difficult to conceptualize since the introduction of electronic and digital communication technologies is explored. The second part of the thesis is a review of what being together stands for in social presence theory and microsociology, respectively. In the third part, the two reviewed understandings of being together are examined. Here, it is observed that social presence theory portrays being together as something that occurs in informational environments, while microsociology portrays it instead as something pertaining to framed (or specified) social situations. Thereafter follows a critical examination of being together in informational situations and being together in framed social situations in which the notions are analysed in relation to online chat. It is concluded that the second view of being together (as a framed activity) is more promising for the future study of togetherness in online chat environments, and potentially also for togetherness in digitally mediated environments more generally.

This investigation rearticulates the Hegelian-Marxist theory of alienation in the light of Derrida's deconstruction of the metaphysics of presence. It aims to demonstrate in what way Derridian deconstruction can itself be said to be a critique of alienation. In so doing, it argues that the acceptance of Derrida's deconstructive concepts does not necessarily entail the acceptance of his interpretations of Hegel and Marx. Derrida is shown to be a representative of a tendency in contemporary thought that is thought to have long since discredited the concept of alienation. He determines the characteristics of alienation as constitutive and those of de-alienation as involving the metaphysical myth of the plenitude and identity of presence and 'the proper'. The guiding question of the investigation is whether the notion of de-alienation necessarily depends on such 'metaphysical' conceptions. It is argued in the first chapter that notions of de-alienation to be found in German Idealism and its derivatives largely involve a concept of 'determinability' that is closer to Derrida's deconstructive concept of differance than to presence. There then follows a detailed discussion of Hegel's conceptions of alienation and de-alienation, where it is argued, in contrast to Derrida' s interpretation, that the latter is not the return of the logos to itself in its full presence, but is rather the actuality of infinity whereby the exclusionary identity of present determinacy transcends itself. The following chapter on Marx argues that Marxian de-alienation does not involve, as Derrida claims, the 'exorcism' of the 'spectrality' of the commodity form through the establishment of the fullness of presence, but rather involves the reabsorption of humanity's generic determinability into the life of the individual. The last two chapters involve a reassessment of the implications of Heideggerian and post-Heideggerian (Derridian) deconstruction with regard to its relationship to alienation. It is argued that Heidegger's deconstruction of metaphysics, despite claiming to be antithetical to the German Idealist tradition, is actually a critique of ontological alienation. It is then argued that Derrida's deconstruction of the metaphysics of presence is itself a critique of alienation, in that presence is itself the givenness of an objectified phenomenality. The investigation involves both the claim that the conceptions of de-alienation to be found in, among others, the works of Hegel, Marx, and Heidegger involve manifestations of differance rather than presence and the claim that the deconstruction of presence opens up the conceptual possibility of a genuine de-alienation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of Schön's concept of reflective conversation as a defining component in the applied studio music lesson. The research problems were (1) to determine the presence of complete and incomplete reflective conversations; (2) to determine the verbally exhibited knowledge base within complete conversations in relationship to conversation length; and (3) to establish an instructional profile of stable behaviors based on reflective conversation as a distinguishing characteristic among selected teachers. Videotapes of twenty-six applied studio music lessons of thirteen university teachers were analyzed according to problem solving, on-the-spot experimentation, and evaluation. An observation form was developed and was a reliable tool to collect information concerning number and type of reflective conversations, conversation length, and the teachers' verbally demonstrated knowledge base. Knowledge base was obtained by using the procedural model of Flanagan's critical incident technique. Reflective conversations existed and were a distinguishing characteristic of the teachers. With the exception of two teachers, a stable use of both number and length of reflective conversations, and knowledge base areas, was found. A discernible difference in the teachers' knowledge base within conversation length existed, and thus established instructional profiles for the teachers. Complete reflective conversations ranged from one-sixth to over half of total lesson time. Within instrument categories, teachers generally revealed a dissimilar knowledge usage. Some teachers exhibited fast-paced problem solving, in one minute or less, and named one or two knowledge areas. Others had longer conversations, up to five minutes, with more deliberate problem solving, and as many as twelve knowledge areas named. Results indicated that a practically significant situation can be examined by establishing teacher instructional profiles based upon reflective conversation. Methods employed in this study could be used to document teacher problem-solving and teacher knowledge in a variety of settings.

During face-to-face meetings, humans use multimodal information, including verbal information, visual information, body language, facial expressions, and other non-verbal gestures. In contrast, during computer-mediated-communication (CMC), humans rely either on mono-modal information such as text-only, voice-only, or video-only or on bi-modal information by using audiovisual modalities such as video teleconferencing. Psychologically, the difference between the two lies in the level of the subjective experience of presence, where people perceive a reduced feeling of presence in the case of CMC. Despite the current advancements in CMC, it is still far from face-to-face communication, especially in terms of the experience of presence. This thesis aims to introduce new concepts, theories, and technologies for presence design where the core is actions for creating presence. Thus, the contribution of the thesis can be divided into a technical contribution and a knowledge contribution. Technically, this thesis details novel technologies for improving presence experience during mediated communication (video teleconferencing). The proposed technologies include action robots (including a telepresence mechatronic robot (TEBoT) and a face robot), embodied control techniques (head orientation modeling and virtual reality headset based collaboration), and face reconstruction/retrieval algorithms. The introduced technologies enable action possibilities and embodied interactions that improve the presence experience between the distantly located participants. The novel setups were put into real experimental scenarios, and the well-known social, spatial, and gaze related problems were analyzed. The developed technologies and the results of the experiments led to the knowledge contribution of this thesis. In terms of knowledge contribution, this thesis presents a more general theoretical conceptual framework for mediated communication technologies. This conceptual framework can guide telepresence researchers toward the development of appropriate technologies for mediated communication applications. Furthermore, this thesis also presents a novel strong concept – presence through actions - that brings in philosophical understandings for developing presence- related technologies. The strong concept - presence through actions is an intermediate-level knowledge that proposes a new way of creating and developing future 'presence artifacts'. Presence- through actions is an action-oriented phenomenological approach to presence that differs from traditional immersive presence approaches that are based (implicitly) on rationalist, internalist views.

Bakgrund: Kvinnan i förlossningsarbete har haft stöd vid sin sida genom alla tider. För att få en så omfattande förståelse som möjligt av begreppet ”stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete” genomfördes en begreppsanalys. Syfte: Syftet med begreppsanalysen var att definiera begreppet ”barnmorskans stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete” genom syntes av texter hämtat från litteratur och intervjuer med svenska barnmorskor. Metod: En begreppsanalys med hybridmodell. Först en teoretisk fas med litteratursökning, därefter en fältstudiefas där fem barnmorskor intervjuades följt av en syntes med identifikation av begreppets kännetecken utifrån den teoretiska fasen och fältstudiefasen. Resultatdelen avslutas med fallbeskrivningar. Resultat: Barnmorskor ser hög närvaro och lyhördhet tillsammans med information och individualisering som viktiga delar av stödet till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete. Detta skapar tillsammans trygghet och tillit i relationen mellan barnmorskan och kvinnan. Slutsats: I detta examensarbete framkom fem empiriska kännetecken på stöd till kvinnor i förlossningsarbete. Utan de empiriska kännetecken, Trygghet, Information, Lyhördhet, Närvaro, Individualisering, kan inte känslan av stöd uppstå hos kvinnan i relationen mellan kvinnan och partnern/närstående och barnmorskan och kvinnan i förlossningsarbete. Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Barnmorskelitteraturen bör revideras så att närvaron i rummet av barnmorskan lyfts som ett kännetecken på stöd i samma grad som information och övriga kännetecken på stöd. Kunskap kring stöd kan utvecklas kliniskt genom exempelvis workshops på arbetsplatsen.
Background: Women in labor have had support by their sides through all times. In order to gain as wide understanding as possible of the concept of ' support for women in labor, a concept analysis was carried out. Objective: The purpose of the concept analysis was to define the concept of "support to women in labor by midwives" through the synthesis of texts from literature and interviews with Swedish midwives. Method: A concept analysis with a hybrid model. First, a theoretical phase with literature search was performed, then a field study phase where five midwives were interviewed followed by a synthesis identifying attributes of the concept from the theoretical phase and the field study phase. The result ends with case descriptions. Result: Midwives see high presence and sensitivity along with information and individualisation as important parts of the support for women in labor. This together creates security and trust in the relationship between the midwife and the woman. Conclusion: In this thesis five empirical characteristics of support were revealed; security, information, sensitivity, presence and individualisation. Without these empirical characteristics, the sense of support cannot arise in the relationship between the woman and the partner/relatives and the midwife and the woman in labor. Clinic´s applicability: Midwifery literature should be revised so that the midwife´s presence in the room is lifted as a sign of support to the same degree as information and other characteristics of support. Knowledge of support as a concept can be developed and implemented in clinical setting through workshops in the workplace.

Bakgrund: Nollseparation har ingen tydlig definition och tycks vara ett relativt nytt begrepp som används inom förlossnings- och eftervården. Det framgår tydliga riktlinjer om att barnet ska ligga hud mot hud med sin moder efter förlossningen. Men i vissa fall separeras modern och barnet av olika anledningar. Barnmorskan har en central roll i vården av nyförlösta kvinnor och deras nyfödda barn.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att analysera och definiera begreppet nollseparation mellan förälder och nyfött barn ur ett barnmorskeperspektiv.Metod: En begreppsanalys baserad på en hybridmodell. Hybridmodellen är uppdelad i en teoretisk fas med litteratursökning, en fältstudiefas baserad på intervjuer av sex kliniskt verksamma barnmorskor samt en sammanfattande syntetiseringsfas.Resultat: Nollseparation är likställt med; hud mot hud-kontakt, att alltid ha en förälder närvarande, att familjen ska få vara tillsammans samt att samarbete mellan olika vårdinstanser för att bedriva samvård krävs för att upprätthålla nollseparationen. Barnmorskan får en betydelsefull nyckelfunktion i upprätthållandet av nollseparation.Slutsats: Nollseparation är ett paraplybegrepp som involverar hud mot hud-kontakt, förälders närvaro, att familjen ska få vara tillsammans, att det ska finnas en fungerande samvård mellan olika instanser samt att det ingår i barnmorskans arbetsuppgifter att främja nollseparation.Klinisk tillämpbarhet: Resultatet från detta examensarbete kan komma till nytta inom förlossnings- och eftervården, men kompetensen behöver även ökas inom andra instanser i sjukvården som kan komma i kontakt med nyfödda barn och deras föräldrar.
Background: Zero-separation has no distinct definition and appears to be a relatively new concept used in delivery- and postpartum care. There are obvious guidelines that the child should be skin-to-skin with the mother after birth. But in some cases the mother and child are separated for different reasons. The midwife has a central part in the care of emergent mothers’ and their newborn children.Aim: The aim in this study was to analyze and define the concept of zero-separation between parent and infant from a midwifes’ perspective.Method: A concept analysis based on a hybridmodel. The hybrilmodel is divided into a theoretical phase with literature search, a field study phase based on interviews with six clinically active midwives and a summary synthesis phase.Results: Zero-separation is equated with; skin-to-skin, always have a parent present, the family being together always and that couplet care is needed to maintain zero-separation. The midwife has a significant keyrole in maintaining zero-separation. Conclusion: Zero-separation is an umbrellaconcept which involves skin-to-skin, parental presence, that the family should be allowed to be together, a functioning couplet care between different instances and that maintaining zero-separation is a part of the midwifes’ assignments.Clinical application: The results from this study can be useful in delivery- and aftercare, but the competence needs to be increased in other instances in healthcare that may come in contact with newborn children and their parents.

Syftet med studien är att presentera ett designkoncept för publika diskussioner på nätet med målet att uppnå djupare diskussioner och minska mängden information overload. Arbetet använder metoden Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) som går ut på att skapa ett designkoncept utifrån flera olika teorier som appliceras genom interaktionsdesign. Ett designkoncept innehåller tre delar: ett namn, ett syfte och huvudprinciper. CDID innehåller sju steg som arbetet är utformat efter: 1.      Concept Generation – Summeras i en tabell som jämför diskussioner i forum (med flera antagande) och diskussioner med hjälp av metoden Philosophy for Children (P4C), samt annan teori. 2.      Concept Exploration – Åtta olika designaspekter identifieras utifrån jämförelsetabellen. 3.      Internal Concept Critique – Designaspekterna jämförs med två snarlika diskussionsformat. 4.      Design of Artifacts – Designkoncept version 1 skapas. 5.      External Design Critique – Intervjuer utförs för att undersöka intervjupersonerna generella erfarenheter av online diskussioner, testar antagandena från jämförelsetabellen och ge direkt feedback på första versionen av designkonceptet. 6.      Concept Revisited – Ändringar görs baserat på intervjumaterial och direkt feedback. 7.      Concept Contextualization – Designkonceptet kopplas tillbaka till litteraturen. Studien resulterar i ett designkoncept kallat CoFramer och stödjer dessa huvudprinciper som ställs i kontrast till material som identifierats genom intervjuerna: Tabell 1: CoFramers huvudprinciper och faktorer från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum. CoFramers huvudprinciper | Från intervjuer om diskussioner på forum Strukturerad början och slut | Diskussion utan tydligt slut Begränsat antal deltagare | Stor mängd deltagare Minimum antal deltagare | Många inaktiva åskådare Explicita deltagare | Lite information om deltagare Gemensamma förutsättningar | Otydlighet kring deltagares förutsättningar Begränsad informationstäthet per inlägg | Långa inlägg och/eller snabba inlägg Den röda tråden och parallella trådar | Oftast parallella trådar Aktiv samtalsledare | Outredda missförstånd Studien indikerar på att CoFramer bör resultera i mer strukturerade diskussioner och som utsätter användaren för en lägre mängd information overload och mindre grounding cost jämfört med vad som vanligtvis uppstår i publika diskussioner online.
The focus of this essay is to develop a design concept for online public discussions with deep discussions and low information overload. The method used is Concept Driven Interaction Design (CDID) which involves constructing a design concept by applying a variety of theories in tangible interaction design. A design concept has three basic parts: a name, high-level goals and outlines generic principles. CDID includes seven steps which is used in this work: 1.      Concept Generation – Formatted into a table that compare forum discussion (with several hypothesis) compared to discussions with the method Philosophy for Children (P4C) and other theories. 2.      Concept Exploration – Eight distinct design aspects are identified from the comparison table. 3.      Internal Concept Critique – The design aspects are compared to three similar discussion formats. 4.      Design of Artifacts – Design concept version 1 is created. 5.      External Design Critique – Interviews are conducted to explore their general experience of online discussions, investigate the hypothesis from the comparison table and to seek direct feedback on the first draft of the design concept. 6.      Concept Revisited – Changes are made to the design concept based on the interview material and the direct feedback. 7.      Concept Contextualization – The design concept is related to the original literature. The result of the study is a design concept named CoFramer. CoFramer’s generic principles are summarized and contrasted against factors identified from the interview material in this table: Tabell 2: CoFramer’s generic principles and interviews about online discussions. CoFramer’s generic principles | From interview material on forum discussion Organized start and ending | Discussions without clear ending Limited number of participants | Large number of participants Minimum number of participants | Large number of inactive spectators Explicit participants | Low information about participants Common conditions | Vagueness in participants conditions Limited information density per post | Long posts and/or fast posts The red thread and parallel threads | Often parallel threads Active facilitator | Unresolved misunderstandings The study indicates that CoFramer would create more structured discussions with a lower amount of information overload and less grounding cost compared what normally arise in public online discussions.

American philosopher and theologian, John M. Frame (1939—) is respected as one of the most outstanding systematic theologians in our day. Likely due to the fact that he is still living, academic scholarship on Frame is virtually non-existent. Still, his writings demand engagement especially in the light of his distinctive Lordship theology, and its unique core idea: perspectivalism, also known as the lordship principle. The aim of this present research is thus to define precisely what “lordship” means to Frame. Deciphering this meaning requires more than explication, but also interrogative interaction. The research will thus begin with a biblical-theological evaluation of the Framian idea of lordship in dialogue with the eminent, Dutch theologian, Abraham van de Beek. It then moves to an evaluation of how perspectivalism affects Frame’s views on ethics, apologetics, and theology of culture. The research in these areas will scrutinize Frame’s corpus as well as examine his views in colloquia with thinkers with shared interests. Because these disciplines are linked in Frame with other areas of his thought, the data also include explications and appraisals of his work in ontology and epistemology. Frame’s lordship principle is linked with a particular methodology. He sums the whole of God and his involvement with his creation according to three perspectives (hence perspectivalism). Those are God’s control, authority and presence. Frame sums the human response to these perspectives according to three related ideas: the existential, normative, and existential. God’s perspectival interaction with his creation, and the human response, by both Christian and non-Christian alike, leads Frame to original outcomes in dogmatics, which are explored in this work. The finding of this research demonstrates a theological approach that bridges both essential and constructive interests. That is to say that, on the one hand, Frame’s method is guided solely by the voice of Scripture while, on the other hand, his lordship principle presents historic Reformed theology afresh in ways previously undiscovered. Frame’s original approach may well set the stage for an awakening of Reformed thought. It is hoped that this seminal work will spark such a revival in theology.
PhD (Dogmatics), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2015

English abstract The present dissertation Spirituality of Presence: the Significance of R. Voillaume s Work focuses on the life and work of R. Voillaume (1905-2003). His work is understood as spirituality of presence , or to be more precise of double presence: presence to God and presence to man. After the introductory part dealing with Voillaume s life, historical context and a survey of his work, the dissertation continues with an analysis of his literary work. The main theme is a relecture of Foucauld s spirituality of Nazareth in the light of the mentioned concept of presence: the hidden and silent presence in the midst of men refers not only to the significance of hidden life in Catholic spirituality, it also points out to the deep openness to the situation of modern man and to the search of an authentic Christian life as a life of presence trying to make the life of faith accessible to a contemporary man in a creative and nonconformist way. The conclusion puts Foucauldian spirituality (whose main interpreter is R. Voillaume) into the context of Catholic spirituality and confronts his spirituality of presence with the findings of biblical theology. Theoretically, the dissertation combines personalistic and systematic approaches. Voillaume s work is understood as a major manifestation of Catholic...

碩士
中華大學
資訊管理學系碩士班
99
With the arrival of Web2.0, web communications have been transforming two-way rather than one-way. Microblogging service is becoming a tidal wave on Web2.0 conceptual application. It let users be more interaction frequently by characteristic of short contents and instant messaging. Because microblogging is one of social network websites, whether prevail or not depends on user intention to use it whether continued or not. In hence, the main purpose of this study is to explore behavioral intention of microblogging. The framework of this study integrates the model from Combined TAM and TPB (C-TAM-TPB), and Para Social presence concept. Reasearch not only explores the relationship of para-social presence on perceviced usefulness, but also the influence of perceviced usefulness, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control on behavior intention. Users of microblogging in Taiwan were taken as the research sample. Primary data were collected through purposive sampling, and Structual Equation Modaling was used to test the hypotheses. The main findings are as follows: (1) Para-social presence and ease of use significantly positive influence on perceived usefulness. (2) Percevied usefulness and ease of use significantly positive influence on attitude. (3) Percevied usefulness, attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control significantly positive influence on behavior intention.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
經營管理系碩士班
102
This study aimed to discuss three types of brand website type—Mere Virtual Presence with Product Experience (MVPE), Mere Virtual Presence (MVP) and Pure product website (Pure) on brand attitude and purchase intention of online brand community, which moderated by consumer personality and brand engagement in self-concept. The results are: a dominant and high brand engagement in self-concept consumer prefer MVPE, dominant and low brand engagement in self-concept consumer prefer MVP, and submissive and low brand engagement in self-concept consumer prefer pure product website.

Consumers acquire products to enhance their lives, but the happiness from these acquisitions generally decreases with the passage of time. This process of hedonic adaptation plays an integral role in post-acquisition consumer satisfaction, product disposal and replacement behavior, and the "hedonic treadmill" that partially drives the relationship between consumption and happiness. Humans are social animals, however, and we know little about the relationship between the social environment and hedonic adaptation. My dissertation addresses this gap by exploring the moderating role of social presence (Essay 1) and self-concepts (Essay 2) on hedonic adaptation to products. Essay 1 explores how social presence affects hedonic adaptation to products. Research on general happiness has shown that significantly positive life events tend to maintain their positivity for longer periods of time when they involve active social interactions. I examine a more common situation in the domain of product consumption, i.e., the presence of others during consumption, and test whether hedonic adaptation to products is moderated by public contexts. By tracking happiness with products over time, I show that a "social audience" (i.e., the presence of others and the perception that those others notice the consumer) moderates hedonic adaptation through a consumer's inference of the social audience perspective. Inferring that the social audience is admiring one's product slows down adaptation, and inferring that the social audience is negatively viewing one's product accelerates adaptation. Essay 2 explores the role the identity-relevance of a product plays in hedonic adaptation. Extant research illustrates that consumers avoid consuming identity-inconsistent products in order to avoid dissonance arising from product choices conflicting with important self-concepts. I show that dissonance can also arise from consuming identity-consistent products because of the force of hedonic adaptation. I provide evidence that consumers feel uncomfortable experiencing declining happiness with identity-consistent products and thus resist hedonic adaptation to such products in order to resolve the dissonance.
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