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Journal articles on the topic 'The currency basket'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Bied, Amine El. "A General and Theoretical FX Model for the Multi-Currency Basket: Economic, Financial and Mathematical Approach." International Journal of Financial Research 12, no. 5 (2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/ijfr.v12n5p255.

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The multi-currency basket is an exchange rate regime in which the currency is pegged to several foreign currencies. The basket is defined by its composing foreign currencies, and by the weighting of each currency in the basket. The exchange rate in such a regime is pegged to a weighted basket of currencies.We propose to present the benefits and the drawbacks of such an exchange rate regime from a macroeconomic and financial point of view. We also formulate mathematically a general theory of Foreign Exchange in the case of a currency under the regime of a multi-currency basket. The creation ex

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2

Arapova, E. "Asian Currency Unit: Searching for Optimal Currency Basket Structure." World Economy and International Relations, no. 1 (2015): 40–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-1-40-51.

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The article examines the prospects of monetary integration in East Asia and the speci&#64257;c issue of the Asian Currency Unit (ACU) that could potentially become a core element of Asian monetary integration in the long run. The research explores main initiatives underlying financial cooperation and key obstacles hampering monetary integration in the region. The concept of Asian currency unit was introduced by the East Asian countries as one of the mechanisms aimed to ensure regional financial stability. Being a weighted average of regional currencies ACU is highly negatively affected by

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3

Asmae, AZZOUZI, and BOUSSELHAMI Ahmed. "Optimality of Morocco’s Currency Basket." Advances in Politics and Economics 2, no. 2 (2019): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/ape.v2n2p97.

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<p><em>The objective of this article is to analyze the behavior of the monetary authorities of Morocco in the readjustment of the official weights of anchor currencies in Dirham basket on April 13, 2015. To do this, we are taking into account the objective of the external financing constraints for comparing, with different scenarios, the optimal weights with the implicit weights of the currencies. Such a comparison proves that the authorities take more into consideration the structure of the commercial exchanges than that of the debt for the choice of the optimal weight of the anch

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4

Hong, Yi. "Arbitrage Bounds on Currency Basket Options." Mathematical and Computational Applications 25, no. 3 (2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mca25030060.

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This article exploits arbitrage valuation bounds on currency basket options. Instead of using a sophisticated model to price these options, we consider a set of pricing models that are consistent with the prices of available hedging assets. In the absence of arbitrage, we identify valuation bounds on currency basket options without model specifications. Our results extend the work in the literature by seeking tight arbitrage valuation bounds on these options. Specifically, the valuation bounds are enforced by static portfolios that consist of both cross-currency options and individual options

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5

Edison, Hali J. "Is the ECU an Optimal Currency Basket?" International Finance Discussion Paper 1986, no. 282 (1986): 1–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/ifdp.1986.282.

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6

Mundaca, B. Gabriela. "The Volatility of the Norwegian Currency Basket." Scandinavian Journal of Economics 93, no. 1 (1991): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3440421.

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7

Pontines, Victor. "Optimal common currency basket in East Asia." Applied Economics Letters 16, no. 11 (2009): 1139–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504850701335392.

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8

Kitri, Mandra Lazuardi, Brian Charvia, Camelia Magdalena, and Ahmad Danu Prasetyo. "Should Indonesia adopt a basket currency regime?" Afro-Asian J. of Finance and Accounting 1, no. 1 (2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/aajfa.2019.10018114.

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Prasetyo, Ahmad Danu, Camelia Magdalena, Brian Charvia, and Mandra Lazuardi Kitri. "Should Indonesia adopt a basket currency regime." Afro-Asian J. of Finance and Accounting 10, no. 4 (2020): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/aajfa.2020.110490.

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10

Xu, Juanyi. "The optimal currency basket under vertical trade." Journal of International Money and Finance 30, no. 7 (2011): 1323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jimonfin.2011.07.002.

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11

ÖZKAYA, Ata. "Chaotic dynamics in Turkish foreign exchange markets." Business & Management Studies: An International Journal 10, no. 2 (2022): 787–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.15295/bmij.v10i2.2068.

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The financial systems, and particularly foreign exchange markets, are complex. This study investigates whether the Turkish foreign exchange market exhibits chaotic dynamics. To achieve this goal, we focus on a currency basket composed of equally-weighted Euro and US Dollar against the Turkish Lira. We compute Lyapunov exponents (LE) embedded in daily data of the currency basket from 2018M05D01 to 2022M05D23. The time interval under examination also indicates Turkey's alternative economic and financial policies have been preferred. We employed the phase space reconstruction method, which enable

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12

Jiang, Wenzhuo, Yun Fan, and Yajie Wang. "Comparison of Factors Affecting the Internationalization Level of SDR Basket Currencies." Journal of Economics and Law 1, no. 2 (2024): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.62517/jel.202414216.

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This research uses the panel entropy weight method to construct the Currency Internationalization Index (CII) to measure the internationalization level of the US dollar, euro, pound, yen, and RMB in the special drawing right (SDR) basket currencies. A systematic generalized method of moments (GMM) model with a variable considering the epidemic’s influence was used to analyze the influencing factors of currency internationalization. The results showed that the monetary network externalities, economic strength of sovereign countries or regions, and financial market factors significantly and posi

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13

Hörngren, Lars, and Anders Vredin. "Exchange risk premia in a currency basket system." Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv 125, no. 2 (1989): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02707562.

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14

Oshchepkov, Aleksandr I., and Valeria D. Tomashova. "GENERATING CORPORATE OPERATIONAL LIQUIDITY BY DIVERSIFYING THE RISKS OF CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS THROUGH DIGITAL FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 6/4, no. 147 (2024): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.06.04.013.

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The article considers the impact of currency fluctuation risks on the operating liquidity of companies in the current macroeconomic environment. It describes the main directions of currency fluctuation risks, as well as their impact on the real volume of temporarily free cash, solvency and stability of companies in the market. To reduce the risks of currency fluctuations, it is suggested to use a multi-currency basket and invest in alternative assets, such as cryptocurrencies and digital financial assets.

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15

Lustig, Hanno, and Robert J. Richmond. "Gravity in the Exchange Rate Factor Structure." Review of Financial Studies 33, no. 8 (2019): 3492–540. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhz103.

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Abstract We relate the risk characteristics of currencies to measures of physical, cultural, and institutional distance. Currencies of countries which are more distant from other countries are more exposed to systematic currency risk. This is due to a gravity effect in the factor structure of exchange rates: When a currency appreciates against a basket of other currencies, its bilateral exchange rate appreciates more against currencies of distant countries. As a result, currencies of peripheral countries are more exposed to systematic variation than currencies of central countries. Trade netwo

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16

Gajic, Duska. "Foreign currency regimes." Privredna izgradnja 47, no. 3-4 (2004): 233–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/priz0404233g.

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There is no exchange rate regime that can be declared as the best one. Each regime has both advantages and disadvantages. In some situations, a regime can be very positive and in an other, it may have rather negative outcome. In the theory, regimes are classified as follows: currency union, currency board, "truly fixed", adjustable peg, crawling peg, basket peg, target zone, dirty float, free float. This paper addresses "fixed vs. flexible regime" issue and provides description of all the requirements, consequences, benefits, weaknesses and possibilities related to them. The final conclusion i

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17

Dreneva, Anna Aleksandrovna, Irina Valerievna Seliverstova, and Mark Lvovich Agranovich. "Using a regression model for enhancing evaluation of regional purchasing power parities of the national currency with the main focus on teachers’ salaries in Russia." Science for Education Today 11, no. 5 (2021): 84–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15293/2658-6762.2105.05.

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Introduction. Purchasing power of national currency varies widely across countries and regions, thus inter-regional comparisons pose a problem of financial and economic indicators comparability. In Russia, this issue is being currently solved by using the state budget expenditures index and the cost of a fixed set of goods and services (consumer basket) calculated for each region. The aim of this article is to propose and evaluate an alternative method of improving the accuracy of inter-regional price differentiation estimates. Materials and Methods. This study is based on the research investi

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18

Eichengreen, Barry, and Guangtao Xia. "China and the SDR: Financial Liberalization through the Back Door." Quarterly Journal of Finance 09, no. 03 (2019): 1950007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010139219500071.

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We analyze the motives for China’s campaign to secure the addition of its currency, the renminbi, to the basket of currencies comprising the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights. Our argument is that the campaign to add the renminbi to the SDR basket was not just a vanity project; it was a strategy used by the advocates of financial liberalization in China to force the pace of reform. It was also a strategy with significant risks.

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19

Zahmani, Zahra, Milorad Jovović, Srdjan Redzepagić, and Marianna Siničáková. "SUBSTITUTION OF ANCHOR CURRENCY: CHALLENGES FOR TRADE BETWEEN IRAN AND ITS MAJOR TRADING PARTNERS." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 27, no. 4 (2021): 833–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/tede.2021.14977.

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The aim of the paper is to find out whether euro is a convenient substitution for U.S. dollar as an anchor currency for Iranian rial and whether this replacement would affect Iran’s international trade positively. We explore these effects via Optimum Currency Area (OCA) theories using generalized least square from 2000 to 2018. Based on OCA index, euro would be a good substitution for U.S. dollar as an anchor for Iranian rial. In addition, gravity model and Generalized Method of Moments estimation confirm that substitution of U.S. dollar by euro would improve bilateral trade between Iran and i

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20

Edison, Hali J., and Erling Vårdal. "Optimal currency basket in a world of generalized floating." International Journal of Forecasting 3, no. 1 (1987): 81–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-2070(87)90080-x.

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21

Moon, Woosik. "A Basket Currency for Asia - Edited by Takatoshi Ito." Developing Economies 46, no. 3 (2008): 324–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1746-1049.2008.068_4.x.

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22

Daniels, Joseph P., Peter G. Toumanoff, and Marc von der Ruhr. "Optimal Currency Basket Pegs for Developing and Emerging Economies." Journal of Economic Integration 16, no. 1 (2001): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11130/jei.2001.16.1.128.

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23

Ogawa, Eiji, and Takatoshi Ito. "On the Desirability of a Regional Basket Currency Arrangement." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 16, no. 3 (2002): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jjie.2002.0499.

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24

Tsogoeva, Marina I. "DIGITAL MONEY IN THE REALITIES OF MODERN CHINA." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 5, no. 10 (2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.10.05.009.

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Digital money has already appeared in various areas of the money market. Facebook has spearheaded the development of digital currencies for social networks, announcing plans to release its own Libra currency, which is a kind of «stable coin» that will be tied to a basket of official currencies. Central banks are launching pilot projects of digital currency .Finally, thousands of fiat cryptocurrencies have been launched in recent years, supported in blockchains by anonymous registrars.

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25

Abdulrahman, Marwah Mohammed, and Mohammed Abbas Ahmed. "The Role of the Chinese Yuan in Global Financial Markets." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 5, no. 3 (2025): e05586. https://doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v5.n03.pe05586.

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Objectives: The study aims to examine the role of the Chinese yuan in global financial markets, focusing on its trading, reserve currency status, and the impact of monetary policy on its global standing. Methods: The study analyzes the yuan's development in global markets, categorizing its use in different regions and contexts. It includes an exploration of the yuan's inclusion in the IMF's Special Drawing Rights (SDR) basket in 2016 and discusses the contribution of monetary policy and reforms to the yuan’s stability and global competitiveness. Results: The study finds that while the yuan has

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26

WAN, Jing. "Renminbi Joins International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights Basket: Rationale and Significance." East Asian Policy 09, no. 03 (2017): 76–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930517000289.

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After the 2008 financial crisis, the International Monetary Fund realises that reforms are needed to reduce the reliance on the US dollar as the only international reserve currency. It began to nurture super-sovereign reserve money where SDR (Special Drawing Rights) is the most favourable candidate. Joining SDR will push forward China’s exchange rate reform to meet the standard of a real international reserve currency, which requires more skilful domestic and international policy coordination.

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27

Ogawa, Eiji, and Junko Shimizu. "Stabilization of effective exchange rates under common currency basket systems." Journal of the Japanese and International Economies 20, no. 4 (2006): 590–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jjie.2006.07.004.

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28

Shimizu, Junko, and Kiyotaka Sato. "A currency basket and future exchange rate arrangements in Asia." Economic and Political Studies 6, no. 1 (2018): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/20954816.2018.1426360.

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29

Yu, Yongding, Bin Zhang, and Ming Zhang. "Renminbi Exchange Rate: Peg to A Wide Band Currency Basket." China & World Economy 25, no. 1 (2017): 58–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12186.

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30

Elbeck, Matt. "Advancing the design of a dynamic petro-dollar currency basket." Energy Policy 38, no. 4 (2010): 1938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2009.11.074.

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31

Vivel-Búa, María Milagros, and Rubén Lado-Sestayo. "Foreign exchange exposure in Latin America: evidence for Spanish firms." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 31, no. 1 (2018): 212–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-04-2017-0130.

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Objective The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Spanish business sector’s economic exposure to currency risk in Latin America between 2010 and 2016, testing the effectiveness of hedging with derivatives for the reduction of this risk. Methodology Economic exposure is tested with the Jorion model (1990) using both a currency basket and an individualised analysis for the main currencies sustaining business activities between Spain and Latin America: the Mexican peso, Brazilian real, Argentine peso, Chilean peso, and Colombian peso. For the hedging analysis, dynamic panel data models were e

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32

CHOW, HWEE-KWAN. "SINGAPORE'S EXCHANGE RATE POLICY: SOME IMPLEMENTATION ISSUES." Singapore Economic Review 52, no. 03 (2007): 445–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590807002701.

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Reflecting the small open nature of its economy, Singapore has adopted an exchange rate-centered monetary policy framework since 1981. The exchange rate regime in Singapore is an intermediate regime that follows the basket-band-crawl system. With this managed float system, the MAS has successfully deterred speculators from attacking the domestic currency for most of the past three decades. At the same time, the flexibility accorded by the managed float system aided Singapore in escaping from the 1997–1998 Asian crisis relatively unscathed. In order to advance our understanding of the hitherto

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33

ZHENG, Victor, and Roger LUK. "From Locodollar to Asianyuan: Hong Kong Dollar at a Crossroads." East Asian Policy 04, no. 02 (2012): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793930512000190.

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After re-pegging the Renminbi (RMB) from the US Dollar (USD) to a currency basket, the Hong Kong Dollar (HKD) is caught between the diverging Chinese and US economies. Disparity between the RMB and USD exchange rates and the HKD, and the disharmony of Chinese and US monetary policies towards Hong Kong have become increasingly acute. Hong Kong is at a crossroads. Should the HKD migrate from the dollar-zone to the renminbi-zone and realign with the national currency, and how? This paper analyses the mismatch and tries to answer the question.

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34

Matsvai, Simion. "Exchange Rates and Inflation Dynamics in Multicurrency Regimes: The Case of Zimbabwe (2014 to 2024)." International Journal of Financial Studies 13, no. 2 (2025): 93. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13020093.

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Exchange rate volatility has emerged to be one of the most critical determinants of price stability for countries operating in multicurrency systems with their own currency in the basket of currencies. This study empirically examined the impact of exchange rates (official and parallel market rates) on inflation in Zimbabwe during the multicurrency system for the period 2014 to 2024, together with comparing the impacts of the official and parallel market exchange rates on inflation. Time series and monthly data were used to examine the short and long run impact of exchange rates on inflation in

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35

Best, Rick. "Using Purchasing Power Parity to Assess Construction Productivity." Construction Economics and Building 10, no. 4 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v10i4.1675.

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For many reasons comparing construction productivity between countries is a difficult task. One key problem is that of converting construction costs to a common currency. This problem can be overcome relatively simply by using a basket of construction materials and labour, termed a BLOC (Basket of Locally Obtained Commodities), as a unit of construction cost. Average BLOC costs in each location are calculated from data obtained from a number of sources (quantity surveyors, estimators). Typical building costs obtained from published construction cost data are expressed in BLOC equivalents. Lowe

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36

Han, Hsiang-Ling. "Choice of currency basket weights and its implications on trade balance." International Review of Economics & Finance 9, no. 4 (2000): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1059-0560(00)00060-5.

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37

Daldegan, William, and Ana Tereza L. M. Sousa. "The internationalization of the RMB in view of the control over the Chinese financial system." Revista Intellector XVIII, no. 36 (2022): 2–14. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6491336.

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After the 2008 crisis, China started a process of internationalization of its currency, the Renminbi (RMB), stimulated domestic reforms in the financial sector, boosting exports and investments. Exchange swap agreements were included, a specific international payments system was created, and the RMB was included in the IMF's currency basket. However, since the 2010s, the trajectory of the RMB's internationalization has presented difficulties for its advancement. In this work, our objective is to analyze these difficulties. We argue that external and internal factors contribute to under

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38

OGAWA, EIJI, and JUNKO SHIMIZU. "ASIAN MONETARY UNIT (AMU) AS A SURVEILLANCE INDICATORS FOR REGIONAL MONETARY COOPERATION." Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 02, no. 01 (2011): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793993311000221.

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Ogawa and Shimizu (2005) proposed an Asian Monetary Unit (AMU), which is a common currency basket composed of ASEAN plus three Asian currencies, and AMU Deviation Indicators (AMU DIs), which indicates deviations of each Asian currency in terms of the AMU compared to the benchmark rate. In this paper, we use daily and monthly data of AMU and AMU DIs to examine their usefulness as a surveillance indicator for monetary cooperation in Asia. We find that an AMU peg system stabilizes the trade-weighted exchange rates within Asia and that AMU DIs warn of misalignments of and between Asia currencies.

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39

WILSON, PETER, and HENRY SHANG REN NG. "MANAGING EXCHANGE RATE VOLATILITY: A COMPARATIVE COUNTERFACTUAL ANALYSIS OF SINGAPORE, 1994–2003." Singapore Economic Review 54, no. 04 (2009): 543–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217590809003525.

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This paper looks at how Singapore's exchange rate regime has coped with exchange rate volatility, by comparing the performance of Singapore's actual regime in minimizing the volatility of the nominal effective exchange rate (NEER) and the bilateral rate against the US dollar with some counterfactual regimes and the corresponding performance of eight other East Asian countries. In contrast to previous counterfactual exercises, we apply a more disaggregated methodology for the trade weights, a larger number of trade partners and ARCH/GARCH techniques to capture the time-varying characteristics o

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40

Jash, Amrita. "China's 'Yuan' in IMF: A Boon or a Bane?" IndraStra Global 2, no. 1 (2016): 0056. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1148400.

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When the world still anticipates the decline of China faced by a new normal in economic growth concomitant with decades of debates over China’s ‘Yuan’ to be included in the elite basket of currencies, the International Monetary Fund’s (IMF) acceptance of Yuan to its reserve currency basket clarifies China’s emergence in the global economic power club. Given China’s reform over the decades and its greater export-led economy and robust growth, on November 30, <strong>IMF granted yuan/renminbi</strong> with the prestigious designation of ‘Specia

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Mundell, Robert A. "Debt, Growth, and Poverty in the International Monetary System (The Quaid-i-Azam Memorial Lecture)." Pakistan Development Review 40, no. 4I (2001): 283–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v40i4ipp.283-314.

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This paper explores the relationship between debt, growth, and poverty and the international monetary system. With a well-functioning international monetary system, economic policy works well, instruments are assigned to targets appropriately, and discipline is maintained. The fixed exchange rate is contrasted with alternative monetary rules. The monetary rule is the weakest system; monetary targeting has failed in every country in which it has been tried. An advantage of the fixed exchange rate is the clue it provides to the price level, interest rate, and future monetary policy. Other things

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42

Nikolić, Goran. "Global domination of the dollar ending?" Nacionalni interes 44, no. 1 (2023): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/nint44-42930.

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The paper points out that the relatively slow development of RMB as a reserve currency is taking place in parallel with the expansion of trade invoiced in the renminbi. It is argued that, even in the absence of financial liberalization, the renminbi could still become a global currency. Namely, the leading status in world trade creates the potential for creating demand and supply of renminbi. Additionally, in the same direction is working an increase in the number of central banks with which The People's Bank of China has agreements on swap lines for foreign exchange, as well as the accelerate

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43

Yoshino, Naoyuki, Matthias Helble, and Ahmad Danu Prasetyo. "Exchange rate policy in the pacific: an evaluation of currency basket regimes." Asian-Pacific Economic Literature 31, no. 1 (2017): 3–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/apel.12174.

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44

Rozhentsova, Vladimirovna. "Alternative international currencies." Ekonomski anali 57, no. 194 (2012): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1294031r.

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The modern international monetary system has a number of flaws and therefore needs cardinal change. Hence, economists from all over the world are suggesting alternative international currencies that would make the international monetary system more efficient. However, it is essential when approaching the creation of a new international currency to analyze and take into account the experience of all the past international currencies. Therefore this paper begins with an exploration of the drawbacks of each of the past and present international currencies. Drawing on this analysis a justification

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45

Fabella, Raul. "Monetary Cooperation in East Asia: A Survey." Asian Development Review 19, no. 02 (2002): 1–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0116110502000064.

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This paper surveys the growing literature on monetary cooperation in East Asia that goes beyond the Chiang Mai Initiative. It compares and contrasts the various proposals for cooperation such as the Williamson basket peg, the Asian monetary system, and the yen block as to their crisis prevention impact and their feasibility, both economic and political. The paper also reviews the evidence on the readiness of East Asia and some of its proper subsets for a currency union in the light of experiences elsewhere, especially of European monetary cooperation. On pure optimum currency area calculus alo

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46

Safronova, Elena I. "Positions of China and Brazil On De-Dollarization of International Economic Relations and Prospects for Creating a New World Currency." Problemy Dalnego Vostoka, no. 3 (December 15, 2024): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0131281224030055.

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The paper is devoted to the consideration of the PRC and Brazil stances on the de-dollarization of international economic relations and the expansion of the practice of international payments in national currencies. The use of currencies other than the dollar is seen a logical starting point towards liberating the economic relations of the non-Western world from the pressure of the collective West. This pressure, implemented largely due to the fact, that dollar maintains the function of a world currency (according to K. Marx — “world money”), is aimed to tie economic policies and practices of

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47

Best, Rick. "A Refined Basket of Goods Approach for Comparing Construction Costs between Countries." Construction Economics and Building 9, no. 2 (2012): 29–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ajceb.v9i2.3019.

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Most comparisons of construction industry performance requirethat construction costs be converted to a common base. Existingmechanisms for such conversions produce unreliable results.A proposed method for producing industry-specifi c conversionfactors was tested using a single building type. A basket ofmaterials and labour was identifi ed and weighted to refl ect the costshare of each item in a completed project. Prices for the basketwere gathered in three cities and simple construction specifi cconversion indices were calculated based on the constructionpurchasing power of each currency. The

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Manić, Aleksandar, and Zoran Grubišić. "Creating Monetary Measurement Unit (MMU) as the Global Universal Measure for Hedging against Inflation and Currency Risk." Economic Analysis 53, no. 1 (2020): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.28934/ea.20.53.1.pp179-186.

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The paper presents an indicator created to reflect the long-term stability in the trend of real growth of the global economy, based on the current market data through a basket of currencies with a government bond yields based premium. The results suggest that the indicator is adequate to be considered as a benchmark for widespread indexation, with a potential hedging for diverse types of contracts and assets against price level volatility and currency risk on an international scale.

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Ryabukhin, Sergey N., Mikhail A. Minchenkov, Vera V. Vodianova, Maxim P. Zapletin, and Sergei S. Proskunov. "ANALYTICAL REVIEW OF COMMODITY AND CURRENCY INDICES OF FRIENDLY COUNTRIES." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 11/1, no. 152 (2024): 73–88. https://doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2024.11.01.009.

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This article provides a review and analysis of the dynamics of commodity and currency indices in countries grouped under BRICS, BRICS+, and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). The analysis is based on data on commodity indices reflecting changes in prices of manufactured goods and currency indices measuring the value of the national currency in relation to other currencies. The purpose of the article is to explore the methodology of calculating commodity and currency indices and the fundamental components shaping them. Additionally, it involves conducting a comparative analysis of the dynamics

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Sielska, Alicja. "Changes in the international monetary system: opportunities and risks for the US dollar." Economic Annals-ХХI 183, no. 5-6 (2020): 4–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21003/ea.v183-01.

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In the 1940s, the US dollar was established as an international currency. Since then, its position has been practically unchallenged. However, in light of the financial crisis of 2008, the strengthening of the Chinese and European economies, and the COVID-19 pandemic, it is necessary to reflect on the future balance of power in the international monetary system. To this end, this article poses the following research question: is the US dollar facing a threat to its leading position in the global arena? First, I describe the historical currency system and the position of the dollar after the 20

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