Relevant bibliographies by topics / The cutting of flat shapes

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The cutting of flat shapes'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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Dadashpour, Ahmad, Asil Hassanpour, Reza Hojjat-Ansari, Behrooz Alinaghipour, and Yousef Hamidoghli. "Study about yield and cutting’s losses of two tea clone bushes in Iran." Genetika 47, no. 1 (2015): 289–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gensr1501289d.

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In the first trial, study conducted to compare of yield between two shapes of pruning (curved and flat) of tea bushes (clone 100). After leaf harvesting, curved pruning bushes had more yield than flat pruning bushes. Thus curved pruning method can be advised to gardeners as a reliable and superior pruning method. In the secondary experiment, study was carried out to investigation of cutting?s losses in all head-cuttings and comparison between tow types bush in tea (100 and selective). Results showed that there is significant difference between 100 and selective clones at p?0.05. It means that obtained mean cutting?s losses by selective was less than 100 bushes.
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Przepiórka, Jacek. "FRICTION FORCE OF THE NATURAL LEATHER CUTTING PROCESS." Tribologia 288, no. 6 (December 31, 2019): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7772.

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Cutting natural leather is a first stage of a technological process of leather goods. It consists of dividing flat materials into shoe components. Cutting can be done by hand or mechanically. Cutters are the main cutting device in mechanical process. During utilization of cutters, the durability of its usage is an important issue. To increase its endurance, optimal force conditions are required. These depend on the following: the friction coefficient between cutting machine and cut material, the angle of sharpening of cutter, the blunting of the edge, using a cutting pad, and the type and kind of steel of which is produced. Friction is a component of a cutting force and its value depends on several factors, one of which is shape of the cutter. It is a parameter often ignored in the literature; however, according to the studies conducted by the authors, the value of the friction during cutting depends on the shape of the cutter. In this study, results of force value measurements required to cut elements of different shapes with equal circumferences with steel cutters are presented.
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Kano, Seisuke, and Atsushi Korenaga. "Mechanical Behavior of Single Crystal Copper for Different Shearing Directions." Advanced Materials Research 565 (September 2012): 490–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.565.490.

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The mechanical behavior of the surface of metals is strongly affected by surface fracture occurring in the process of mechanical shearing, especially in shaper-type cutting performed for the application of ultra-fine optical manufacturing and several types of nanotechnology. This discussion aims to elucidate the tribological behavior of pure Cu. In ultra-precise cutting, the physics of crystallographic interfaces is extremely important for controlling surface fracture behavior. In this study, surface fracture behavior was evaluated using single crystal copper cut in two different directions (along the (100) and (111) planes). For V-shaped groove cutting, the flat copper surface was cut with a diamond-tip cutting tool (with a V angle of 90°, a rake angle of 0°, and an escape angle of 7°) at a machining speed of 4-4000 mm/min and a cutting depth of 0.2-10 m. The machined surface was observed with a laser scanning microscope and compared with two groove shapes, in which the cutting grooves in the two cutting directions were found to be different. This result was considered to depend on whether the cutting tool moved along the slip planes {111}, which are oriented in the direction. In the case of shallow cutting (under 1 m), the springback behavior became apparent for cutting in the slip plane direction, where the mechanism of this behavior would be associated with the interface between slip-plane fractures created by the cutting tool.
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Peldschus, Friedel, and Jens-Thorsten Wild. "EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CHISELLING SOLID CONCRETE." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2003): 68–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2003.10531303.

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Experimental research was performed for analysing the chiselling process. The conditions of crack formation and crack propagation have been analysed. In the first step impact tests with a standard chisel shapes and with a pointed chisel were performed. These tests represented the basic investigations into the chisel load effects on mechanical processing of concrete. In the next step precise modifications were applied to the flat-chisel cutting edge with the aim of improving the cutting-edge geometry.
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Djuricic, Zoran, and Miodrag Manic. "Intelligent nesting system." Yugoslav Journal of Operations Research 13, no. 2 (2003): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/yjor0302229d.

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The economy of the process for the manufacture of parts from sheet metal plates depends on successful solution of the process of cutting various parts from sheet metal plates. Essentially, the problem is to arrange contours within a defined space so that they take up minimal surface. When taken in this way, the considered problem assumes a more general nature; it refers to the utilization of a flat surface, and it can represent a general principle of arranging 2D contours on a certain surface. The paper presents a conceptual solution and a prototypal intelligent nesting system for optimal cutting. The problem of nesting can generally be divided into two intellectual phases: recognition and classification of shapes, and arrangement of recognized shapes on a given surface. In solving these problems, methods of artificial intelligence are applied. In the paper, trained neural network is used for recognition of shapes; on the basis of raster record of a part's drawing, it recognizes the part's shape and which class it belongs to. By means of the expert system, based on rules defined on the basis of acquisition of knowledge from manufacturing sections, as well as on the basis of certain mathematical algorithms, parts are arranged on the arrangement surface. Both systems can also work independently, having been built on the modular principle. The system uses various product models as elements of integration for the entire system. .
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Yuliawan, Wendi. "Pertumbuhan Beberapa Bentuk Potongan Pangkal Setek Tanaman Mawar (Rosa sp.) Akibat Cara Aplikasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Root-Up." Paspalum: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2019): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.35138/paspalum.v7i1.111.

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The research aims to study the growth of rose cuttings due to the shape of the base of cuttings and the way of Root-up application. The experiment was carried out in Screen House in Pasirbanteng, Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor District. Sumedang Regency. The experiment was conducted from March to August 2015. The methode based on Randomized Block Design consisting of two factors. The first factor is the Root-up (W) application method which consists of 3 factor levels, namely without root up (w1), powder (w2), and paste (w3). The second factor is Form Cutting (S) consisting of 3 levels of treatment, is the oblique sliced (s1), taper sliced (s2), and flat sliced (s3). The factors composed of nine combinations of treatments, each of which was repeated 3 times. The results show that was not the interaction between the shape of cuttings and Root-up applications on the growth response variables of cutting rose plants, is number of shoots, length of shoots, root length, number of roots, and root volume. The oblique sliced and tapered slice form the base and of the cutting shave the best effect on the length of shoots of rose plants cutting
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Castle, Toen, Daniel M. Sussman, Michael Tanis, and Randall D. Kamien. "Additive lattice kirigami." Science Advances 2, no. 9 (September 2016): e1601258. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1601258.

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Kirigami uses bending, folding, cutting, and pasting to create complex three-dimensional (3D) structures from a flat sheet. In the case of lattice kirigami, this cutting and rejoining introduces defects into an underlying 2D lattice in the form of points of nonzero Gaussian curvature. A set of simple rules was previously used to generate a wide variety of stepped structures; we now pare back these rules to their minimum. This allows us to describe a set of techniques that unify a wide variety of cut-and-paste actions under the rubric of lattice kirigami, including adding new material and rejoining material across arbitrary cuts in the sheet. We also explore the use of more complex lattices and the different structures that consequently arise. Regardless of the choice of lattice, creating complex structures may require multiple overlapping kirigami cuts, where subsequent cuts are not performed on a locally flat lattice. Our additive kirigami method describes such cuts, providing a simple methodology and a set of techniques to build a huge variety of complex 3D shapes.
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Eron’ko, S. P., E. V. Oshovskaya, and O. A. Kovaleva. "Study of strain-stress state of flat knives for cutting thin-walled pipes." Ferrous Metallurgy. Bulletin of Scientific , Technical and Economic Information 77, no. 9 (September 21, 2021): 1039–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.32339/0135-5910-2021-9-1039-1046.

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Cutting of pipes into measured lengths on-line of pipe welding mill by disc saws and by facilities of abrasive cutting requires special measures of safety of personal. Besides, the necessity of frequent change of cutting instrument results in losses of production time. To eliminate the drawbacks, a study was initiated related to creation of shears which could enable to accomplish a quality transverse cutting of thin-walled pipes of small diameter by flat knives with various form of the working edges. A methodology and the results of study of strain-stress state of flat knives with application of physical and mathematical simulation of the process of transverse cutting of thin-walled pipes of small diameter presented. At the physical simulation using a polarization-optical installation, the pictures of deformation centers arising in the lower part of the knife in the zone of contact of its cutting edges with the body of the hollow circular profile being cut by it were obtained. In the experiment, models of three types of knives made of organic glass on a scale of 1:1 were used. Cutting edges of the knives for cutting pipes of 25 mm outer diameter, wall thickness of 2 mm were wedge-shaped, convex semicircular and concave. The data from studies of the loaded state of transparent knife models served as the basis for mathematical simulation of the strain-stress state of the shears cutting tool in the SolidWork application package using a strength analysis module that implements the finite element method in the form of tetrahedrons. The current values of the pipe cutting force used in the mathematical model were preliminarily calculated according to the previously proposed dependence, taking into account the strength of the hollow profile material and the area of the cut layer of its cross section for a given relative displacement of the cutting edges of the knife. The results of mathematical modeling were the pictures of deformations and equivalent stresses of the cutting part of the knife, determined according to the third theory of strength. A qualitative similarity has been established for the distribution patterns of stress fields recorded using the polarization-optical method on knife models and obtained in mathematical modeling for working samples of the shears cutting tool operated under the conditions of pipe welding mills. The proposed mathematical model makes it possible to estimate the values of the maximum equivalent stresses in the working part of a flat knife, taking into account the shape of its cutting edges, as well as the force required for cutting a thin-walled pipe into measured lengths with the corresponding dimensions of its cross-section and the strength of the material.
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Wheeler, R. L., and A. N. Key. "Hovercraft Skirt Design and Manufacture." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Management and engineering manufacture 201, no. 2 (May 1987): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/pime_proc_1987_201_049_02.

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Skirts are the inflated structure which extend around and beneath a hovercraft that allow the craft to operate in rough seas and over uneven ground. The early skirts were designed on the basis of model testing and practical experience, but as the size of craft increased and improved performance was required it became evident that a more sophisticated approach was needed. This was carried out by developing computer programs to design the sectional shapes, investigate the quasi-static behaviour and derive the flat pat tern shapes from which the skirt is made. The responsive skirts fitted to large cross-Channel hovercraft, the Super 4, and the latest coastal craft, the AP 1-88/100 were developed using these techniques. Investigations into the cutting of sheets of non-metallic materials by a high-pressure water jet showed that this was ideal for the nylon woven fabric coated with either natural rubber or neoprene from which skirts are made. A cutting table with a NC tape-fed controller has been developed with a jet of 0.15 mm (0.006 in) diameter operating at 379 MPa (55000 lbf/in2). All the processes of producing a skirt, design, detailing with CADAM, part programming and cutting out are now integrated via computer links giving significant savings of time and costs.
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Aoyama, Hideki, Yumiko Suzuki, and Noriaki Sano. "Determination Method of Locations and Postures of Cutting Tool for 5-Axis Machining Based on Intuition and Minimum Cusp Height." Key Engineering Materials 516 (June 2012): 96–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.516.96.

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Currently used CAM systems for 5-axis machining can determine tool paths with collision-free tool postures. However, the algorithm implemented in the CAM systems sometimes generates un-optimum tool paths and postures from the viewpoint of machining processes and machine tool operation. This study proposes two methods to determine tool paths and tool postures for 5-axis machining based on the viewpoints of human intuition and minimum cusp height for resolving the problems. A method is developed for inputting the positions and postures of a cutting tool when executing virtual machining. In the execution of virtual machining, a virtual cutting tool can be intuitively moved by a haptic device to determine the desired locations and postures of the cutting tool. By using the system, the tool locations and tool postures to machine complicated shapes with overhang can be easily determined based on the operators intuition. Another method is for determining tool postures for making minimum cusp height by matching the cutting edge of a flat end-mill to the cross-section shape at a point on surfaces to be machined. A basic system to determine the tool postures based on making minimum cusp height was developed. The cusp height on the surfaces generated by the basic system was smaller than the height generated by 3-axis ball-end milling.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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Dvořák, Roman. "Vyřezávání plošných tvarů z polystyrenových desek pomocí průmyslového robotu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230239.

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This thesis deals with the cutting of flat shapes of polystyrene by industrial robot using Robotmaster. There are some variants of the shaped components that can create by using Robotmaster. The task of the work is also a demonstration task in the realization of use a resistance wire as a tool and polystyrene boards as a workpiece material.
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Best, Roger J. W. "Computer aided brilliant cutting of flat glass." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/4189.

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Ijaiya, Rufikat A. "Knittability of three-dimensional shell shapes on a flat-bed knitting machine." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.488241.

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Watson, Philip David. "The theory of cutting and packing of non-interlocking shapes in a bounded region." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1997. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.752400.

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Faeth, Adam Joseph. "Expressive cutting, deforming, and painting of three-dimensional digital shapes through asymmetric bimanual haptic manipulation." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2009.

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Kamal, Manish. "A uniform pressure electromagnetic actuator for forming flat sheets." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127230699.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xxi, 261 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 244-254). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Wang, Nan. "Tool path generation method for 5-axis NC machining with flat-end cutter /." View abstract or full-text, 2009. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202009%20WANG.

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Vines, John Ashley. "Emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton and kinematic analysis of cross cutting shear zones, eastern California." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/40531.

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This study documents the deformation history of the Santa Rita Flat pluton, eastern California, from the time of emplacement to post-emplacement transpressional shearing, and consists of manuscripts that make up three chapters. The first chapter addresses the emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton using anisotropy of magnetic susceptibility (AMS). The second chapter describes the kinematic analysis of cross-cutting shear zones within the western margin of the pluton. The third chapter is an informal paper on the U/Pb dating of two sheared felsic dikes from the pluton. AMS of the Santa Rita Flat pluton indicates that the paramagnetic and ferromagnetic minerals define a foliation which is arched into an antiformal structure in the central to southern parts of the pluton. The northern part of the pluton displays an east-west striking magnetic foliation which lacks a fold-like geometry. Previously published field mapping and petrologic surveys of the pluton and surrounding wall rocks indicate that the southern margin and northern part of the Santa Rita Flat pluton represents the roof and core of the pluton, respectively. Integration of our analysis of the internal structure of the pluton with previously published work on the regional structure of the surrounding metasedimentary wall rocks, suggests that the pluton may have initially been intruded as a sill-like or "saddle reef" structure along a stratigraphically controlled mechanical discontinuity in the hinge zone of an enveloping regional-scale synform. Subsequent vertical inflation of this sill resulted in local upward doming of the overlying pluton roof and formation of the antiformal structure now observed at the current erosion level in the central-southern part of the pluton and overlying locally preserved roof rocks. No corresponding fold structure is indicated by AMS analysis in the northern part of the pluton, which is exposed at a deeper level, and represents a section closer to the pluton core. Emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton at 164 Ma overlaps in time with regional deformation at ~185 - ~148 Ma (Middle - Late Jurassic) recognized in the southern Inyo Mountains. Northwest trending folds are pervasive along the western flank of the Inyo and White Mountains, and may have accommodated strains at the lateral tips of thrust faults which crop out in the southern Inyo Mountains. We speculate that space for initial emplacement of the Santa Rita Flat pluton may have been produced by layer-parallel slip and hinge-zone dilation, accompanied by axis-parallel slip during formation of a regional scale thrust-related synform. The Santa Rita shear system (SRSS) is composed of a series of discrete NW-SE striking steeply dipping shear zones that cut and plastically deform granitic rocks of the Santa Rita Flat pluton. The shear zones exhibit a domainal distribution of gently and steeply plunging stretching lineations, and are located at planar mechanical discontinuities between the granite and a series of felsic/mafic dikes which intrude the pluton. Mylonitized dikes within the shear zones contain syntectonic mineral assemblages not observed in dikes outside the shear zones, indicating that the dikes were intruded prior to shear zone development. Correlation with geometrically similar shear zones in the Sierra Nevada batholith to the west, suggests that the SRSS probably nucleated from a regional stress field in Cretaceous times (~90-78 Ma). Strain is heterogeneous within the shear zones, with local development of protomylonite, mylonite, ultramylonite and phyllonite. Strain heterogeneity within the granite is attributed to fluid infiltration and chemical reaction and alteration of feldspar to fine-grained mica. These deformation-induced mineral changes would have resulted in progressive mechanical weakening over time of rocks within the SRSS. The phyllonites occur predominantly within steeply lineated shear zones and contain mylonitized foliation-parallel quartz veins. The pattern of c-axis preferred orientation in these quartz veins indicates that deformation within the shear zones occurred under plane strain conditions. Locally, quartz veins also cut the foliation planes, reflecting high pore fluid pressures during evolution of the SRSS. These cross-cutting quartz veins are also plastically deformed, and their c-axis patterns indicate weak constrictional strains. The orientation of the shear zones, together with their strain paths, are used to develop a transpressional kinematic model for development of the SRSS within a progressively rotating stress field.
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Ozel, Tugrul. "Investigation of high speed flat end milling process-prediction of chip formation, cutting forces, tool stresses and temperatures /." The Ohio State University, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487951907958109.

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Dogruoz, Cihan. "Effect Of Pick Blunting On Cutting Performance For Weak Moderate Rocks." Phd thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612614/index.pdf.

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The laboratory cutting specific energy is widely used to estimate the cuttability of rocks by a roadheader fitted with sharp picks. Sharp picks on the other hand become blunt due to wear in time and require replacement. Although it is known that the pick blunting affects adversely the rock cuttability, no study exists to show the relationships between the degree of pick wear and the cutting specific energy obtained by standard cutting tests. In this study, standard cutting tests were carried out on different rock types, with picks having varying degrees of blunting. The relationships between wear flats and the cutting forces, specific energies and size distribution for various rock properties such as uniaxial compressive strength, tensile strength, cone indenter number, shore hardness, schmidth hammer hardness, density and grain size were established. The mean cutting force and the cutting specific energy have been found to increase 2-3 times and 4-5 times respectively with 4 mm wear flat as compared to sharp picks as the strength and density of rocks increase. No relation exists between mineral grain size and the cutting performance. A definite relation could not be established between the wear land and the size distribution of the product. Charts have been produced to predict critical wear flats for different rock property values considering 25 MJ/m³
as the limiting specific energy above which poor cutting performance occurs. Nine prediction models have been developed by statistical analysis to estimate the laboratory cutting specific energy from various rock properties and wear rates.
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Books on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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Duginske, Mark. Cutting shapes and profiles. Emmaus, Pa: Rodale Press, 1996.

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Company, Tandy Leather. Cutting leather shapes the easy way. Fort Worth, TX: Tandy Leather Co, 1985.

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Flat pattern cutting and modelling for fashion. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Thornes, 1991.

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Stanley, Helen. Flat pattern cutting and modelling for fashion. 3rd ed. Cheltenham: Stanley Thornes, 1991.

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Best, Roger J. W. Computer aided brilliant cutting of flat glass. Leicester: De Montfort University, 1995.

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Johnson-Srebro, Nancy. All-in-one rotary cutting magic with Omnigrid: Handy reference tool, 18 geometric shapes, problem solving guide. Lafayette, CA: C&T Pub., 2007.

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Watson, Philip David. The theory of cutting and packing of non-interlocking shapes in a bounded region. Birmingham: University of Birmingham, 1997.

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Meador, Don A. How to build the mighty metal miter for cutting angle, square, flat, and round steel. Freeman, MO: Millenial Marketing, 1997.

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M, Vose James, Fowler Dick L, and United States. Forest Service. Southern Research Station, eds. Flat Branch monitoring project: Stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. Asheville, N.C: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010.

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Stanley, Helen. Modelling and Flat Cutting. Nelson Thornes Ltd, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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El-Hofy, Hassan. "Cutting Flat Surfaces." In Fundamentals of Machining Processes, 159–210. Third edition. | Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis Group,: CRC Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429443329-6.

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Vadlamudi, Rao S. "Cutting Molds/Dies from Scan data." In Machining Impossible Shapes, 1–7. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-35392-0_1.

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Wan, Min, Wei Hong Zhang, Gang Tan, and Guo Hua Qin. "Efficient Algorithms for Calibration of Cutting Force Coefficients in Flat End Milling." In Materials Science Forum, 713–16. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-421-9.713.

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Nguyen, Nhu-Tung, Anh-Tuan Do, and Gia Thinh Bui. "An Experimental Investigation of the Cutting Forces Coefficients in Flat-End Mill Processes." In Advances in Engineering Research and Application, 114–20. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37497-6_13.

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Ming-liang, Du, and Li Guo-chen. "The Effect of Inclined Crack Tip Shapes on the Stress Fields in Flat Plates." In Computational Mechanics ’86, 1231–36. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-68042-0_179.

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Halm, Ulrich, and Wolfgang Schulz. "Optimization of Beam Shapes for Laser Fusion Cutting by 3D Simulation of Melt Flow." In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 277–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70332-5_25.

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"Cutting Flat Surfaces." In Fundamentals of Machining Processes, 203–54. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15339-13.

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"Cutting Flat Surfaces." In Fundamentals of Machining Processes, 159–210. CRC Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15339-7.

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"General Results Obtained with Flat Geometrical Shapes." In The Early Growth of Logic in the Child, 47–55. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315009667-11.

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Vajravelu, Kuppalapalle, and Swati Mukhopadhyay. "Flow past a flat plate." In Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer At Bodies of Different Shapes, 77–120. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803733-1.00004-1.

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Conference papers on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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Kim, Dong-Hyeon, Wan-Sik Woo, Won-Shik Chu, Sung-Hoon Ahn, and Choon-Man Lee. "Development of Multi-Axis Laser-Assisted Milling Device." In ASME 2017 12th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference collocated with the JSME/ASME 2017 6th International Conference on Materials and Processing. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2017-2864.

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Laser-assisted machining (LAM) process is an effective method to facilitate material removal processes for difficult-to-cut materials. In LAM process, the mechanical strength of various materials is reduced by a laser heat source focused in front of the cutting tool during machining. Since the laser heat source is located ahead of the cutting tool, the workpiece is preheated by the heat source. This enables difficult-to-cut materials to be machined more easily with low cutting energy, increasing the machining productivity and accuracy. It is difficult to apply laser-assisted milling (LAMilling) to workpieces having complex shapes, because it is not easy to control laser preheating and the cutting tool path for three-dimensionally shaped workpieces. LAMilling has only been used in limited fields such as single-direction machining of flat surfaces. To apply this process in the industrial field, studies on workpieces having various shapes are needed. This study aims to develop a laser-assisted milling device having multiple axes and to investigate the machining characteristics of several difficult-to-cut materials.
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Calisch, Sam E., and Neil A. Gershenfeld. "Towards Continuous Production of Shaped Honeycombs." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6646.

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Honeycomb sandwich panels are widely used for high performance parts subject to bending loads, but their manufacturing costs remain high. In particular, for parts with non-flat, non-uniform geometry, honeycombs must be machined or thermoformed with great care and expense. The ability to produce shaped honeycombs would allow sandwich panels to replace monolithic parts in a number of high performance, space-constrained applications, while also providing new areas of research for structural optimization, distributed sensing and actuation, and on-site production of infrastructure. Previous work has shown methods of directly producing shaped honeycombs by cutting and folding flat sheets of material. This research extends these methods by demonstrating work towards a continuous process for the cutting and folding steps of this process. An algorithm for producing a manufacturable cut-and-fold pattern from a three-dimensional volume is designed, and a machine for automatically performing the required cutting and parallel folding is proposed and prototyped. The accuracy of the creases placed by this machine is characterized and the impact of creasing order is demonstrated. Finally, a prototype part is produced and future work is sketched towards full process automation.
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Nguyen, Hoan Thai Tat, Phuong Thao Thai, Bo Yu, and Ichiro Hagiwara. "Development of Manufacturing Method for Truss Core Panel Based on Origami-Forming." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47087.

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Although honeycomb panel is widely used in various stages, its adhesive for gluing honeycomb core and plate may burn by fire, leading to the requirement of another lightweight and high stiffness panel. Recently, an Origami structure called Truss Core Panel (TCP) is known as a lightweight structure that has equivalent bending stiffness as honeycomb panel, and safer in fire. However, some difficulties are found in forming TCP in general. In this study, a new forming process of TCP based on origami-forming is developed. In particular, the TCP is partitioned into several parts that are flat unfoldable into 2D crease patterns. After that, blanks of material are cut as the shapes of those crease pattern, and be formed by a robot system to get the desired 3D shape. Firstly, partition method by dividing TCP into pyramid cores and sheet plate is presented, suggesting an ability to manufacture a wider range of structure than before. Tools arrangement of robot device and a countermeasure for springback are considered. Next, by applying Origami unfolding technique, an improvement of partition method is proposed: dividing TCP into cores rows, and then searching for a Origami crease pattern in order to fold that cores row. The cutting method of every core is modified for reducing the number of facets, making the problem simpler. Finally, an Origami crease pattern based on this new cutting method is presented, producing cores row with any number of cores.
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Desale, Girish R., Bhupendra K. Gandhi, and S. C. Jain. "Effect of Physical Properties of Solid Particle on Erosion Wear of Ductile Materials." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63997.

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The present work has been carried out to investigate the effect of particle shape, density and hardness on erosion wear of aluminum alloy 6063 (AA6063) and stainless steel 304L (SS 304L) in aqueous mixture of three erodents namely quartz, alumina and silicon carbide (SiC). The wear of the two materials has seen maximum with alumina particles and minimum with quartz particles. Surface topography of the worn surfaces by scanning electron microscope (SEM) has shown that the craters formed due to impact of blocky shaped quartz particles at acute impact angles are flat and short in length compared to that due to the angular shaped alumina or SiC particles. This resulted in higher cutting wear by alumina or SiC particles as compared to the quartz particles.
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Jensen, C. G., J. K. Hill, and K. A. White. "Synthesis of Cutting Tool Placement, Orientation and Motion Based on Surface Analysis." In ASME 2000 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2000/cie-14632.

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Abstract Engineers and designers use a wide variety of curve and surface formulations to describe products. The process of producing the physical shape of these products has remained essentially unchanged for many years. Traditionally, the process of finish surface machining has been error prone and inefficient due in large part to the mathematical basis used to control the positioning, orientation and movement of cutting tools in five-axis machining centers. This paper presents swept silhouette curvature matching algorithms for positioning and orienting a cutter such that tool and surface curvatures match. Formulations are given for both flat and filleted end mill cutters. The benefits of curvature matching are: reduction of local machining errors, reduction or elimination of grinding of the finished machined surface, and the improvement of machine tool efficiency. Examples are given that compare curvature matching to traditional machining methods. The paper concludes by discussing current research into a priori gouge detection methods based on intersection contact between the cutting tool and the design surface or the lower tolerance-bound offset surface to the design surface. An a priori gouge detection algorithm is necessary for the development of optimal tool motion and the reduction of time spent in tool path editing and verification. Techniques involving collinear normals, Bézier clipping, triangulation, normal intersection and swept volumes are suggested as techniques for examining the positional and translational tool gouge problem.
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Kim, Young-Il, and Cha-Soo Jun. "Hole-Making on a Bent Thick Plate." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-84274.

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A method for cutting non-circular holes on a bent thick plate is proposed. Generally, in order to cut holes on large plates, a special-purpose 5-axis machine is needed. However, such a machine is unavailable in most machine shops. This paper provides a description of a method that utilizes a general-purpose 5-axis water-jet machine in place of the special-purpose machine: First, the bent piece is transformed into a flat plate, where the shape of the holes is reconstructed by considering deformation during bending. Then, after 5-axis NC data is generated, the holes on the flat plate are cut using the 5-axis water-jet machine. In the final step, the desired shape of the piece is obtained by bending the plate with its newly-cut holes. Some illustrations are provided in order to show the validity of the proposed method.
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Mendoza López, Edgar A., Hugo I. Medellín Castillo, Dirk F. de Lange, and Theo Lim. "A New Method for the Generation of Tool Paths for Finishing Near Net Shape Components." In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-65483.

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The CNC machining has been one of the most recurrent processes used for finishing NNS components. This paper presents a new method for the generation of tool paths for machining 3D NNS models. The proposed approach comprises two machining stages: rough cut and finish cut, and three types of cutting tools: ball-end mill, flat-end mill and fillet-end mill. The proposed tool path generation algorithm is based on: (1) approximation of the model surfaces by points using slice planes and visibility analysis, (2) accessibility analysis of the tool, (3) approximation error and tolerance evaluation, (4) collision analysis of tool and tool holder. The tools paths generated are exported as a CNC program. The implementation was carried out in C++ using the ACIS® geometric modeling kernel to support the required geometric operations. To prove the effectiveness of the system several models with variable geometric complexity were tested. The results have shown that the proposed system is effective and therefore can be used to generate the tool paths required for finishing 3D NNS components.
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Furuki, Tatsuya, Toshiki Hirogaki, Eiichi Aoyama, Keiji Ogawa, and Kiyofumi Inaba. "Fabrication of Electroplated CBN End-Mill for High-Efficiency Face Milling of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic." In ASME 2015 International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2015-9280.

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Carbon fiber reinforced plastic (CFRP) was developed in the 1960s. Since then, it has been used in various fields. Accordingly, the number of studies related to machining of CFRP has been increasing (e.g. cutting, laser processing, or abrasive water jet machining). However, these studies have been focusing on the trimming of surplus portions or drilling. In addition, the degradation of mechanical properties due to the heat induced during machining has not been sufficiently considered. Furthermore, another issue is the cost involved, such as tool and equipment costs. This makes several of these proposed methods tremendously expensive. Therefore, in this study, electroplated end-mills with electrodeposited cBN or diamond grains of different grit sizes (the mesh size are #600, #1000, #1500 and #2000) are fabricated. As a result, the cost of the electroplated tool will decrease by 2/3 compared to general diamond-coated tools. Moreover, the flat cutting of CFRP is often carried out with these fabricated tools and with general diamond-coated tools. In cases where the fabricated tools are used, the machined CFRP products are burr-free or nap-free. Additionally, the induced CFRP temperature during cutting decreases compared to the case of diamond-coated tools. From these results, the optimum grit size was determined to be #1000. On the other hand, end-mills with deposited cBN or diamond grains, fixed on the tip of the fabricated tool, occasionally dropped out after a few paths. Therefore, efforts are presented to improve the tool tip shape and minimize its grain dropout rate. Based on such improved characteristics, the electrodeposited end-mill is expected to be able to machine CFRP more effectively.
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Edmondson, Bryce J., Landen A. Bowen, Clayton L. Grames, Spencer P. Magleby, Larry L. Howell, and Terri C. Bateman. "Oriceps: Origami-Inspired Forceps." In ASME 2013 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2013-3299.

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This paper presents the conceptualization and modeling of a compliant forceps design, which we have called Oriceps, as an example of origami-inspired design that has application in a variety of settings including robotic surgeries. Current robotic forceps often use traditional mechanisms with parts that are difficult to clean, wear quickly, and are challenging to fabricate due to their complexity and small size. The Oriceps design is based on the spherical kinematic configurations of several action origami models, and can be fabricated by cutting and folding flat material. This design concept has potential implementation as surgical forceps because it would require fewer parts, be easier to sterilize, and be potentially suitable for both macro and micro scales. The folded and planar characteristics of this design could be amenable to application of smart materials resulting in smaller scale, greater tool flexibility, integrated actuation, and an adaptability to a variety of tool functions. The suitability of shape-memory materials for use in Oriceps is discussed.
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Wang, Cheng-Hua, and David A. Bourne. "Compact 2D Pattern Development From 3D Polygonal Surfaces." In ASME 1996 Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/96-detc/dfm-1292.

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Abstract Pattern development involves mapping 3D surfaces into 2D flat patterns. To reduce the complexity of patterns, approximations of the surfaces into polygonal surfaces such as quadrilateral or triangular facets are usually necessary. This paper is concerned with the pattern development of polygonal surfaces with a special reference to bent sheet metal parts. The development process needs to consider the unfoldability of 2D patterns. The unfoldability requires that the 2D pattern does not overlap itself, and the faces of the part do not distort during bending. For some designs, there are multiple 2D patterns that can all be bent into the same 3D shape. The compact pattern is usually selected due to better stock utilization in cutting and nesting and ease of handling during bending. We show that the development of the compact 2D pattern can be converted into a minimum cost spanning tree problem. This approach has been implemented using an A* search algorithm and several examples are presented.
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Reports on the topic "The cutting of flat shapes"

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Clinton, Barton D., James M. Vose, and Dick L. Fowler. Flat Branch monitoring project: stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-51.

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Clinton, Barton D., James M. Vose, and Dick L. Fowler. Flat Branch monitoring project: stream water temperature and sediment responses to forest cutting in the riparian zone. Asheville, NC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/srs-rp-51.

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