Relevant bibliographies by topics / The DGT technique

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'The DGT technique'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 7 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The DGT technique"

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Dufka, Michaela, and Bohumil Dočekal. "Characterization of Urban Particulate Matter by Diffusive Gradients in Thin Film Technique." Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9698710.

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A diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique was employed in characterization of the particulate matter related to the urban area suffering from heavy traffic. Kinetics of mobilization metals fluxes from the metal-contaminated particulate matter was investigated. To monitor responses of the particulate matter sample, DGT probes of various thickness of diffusion layer were deployed in aqueous model suspensions of the particulate matter for different time periods. Particulate matter samples and exposed DGT resin gels were decomposed in a mixture of nitric and hydrochloric acid in a microwave pressurized PTFE-lined system. Total content of some traffic-related elements (Cd, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Pd, Pt, Rh, Sb, and V) was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. DGT measurements revealed that two metals pools associated with particles could be recognized, which can be characterized as high soluble fraction and almost insoluble fraction. DGT-measured metal fluxes from the labile pool showed significant difference in mobilization and resupply fluxes of individual selected elements, which might reflect the origin of selected metals and their speciation in particulate matter. The DGT technique can be applied as a useful tool for characterization of metals mobilization from the particulate matter.
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Thomas, P. "Metals pollution tracing in the sewerage network using the diffusive gradients in thin films technique." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 1 (July 1, 2009): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.287.

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Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) is a quantitative, passive monitoring technique that can be used to measure concentrations of trace species in situ in solutions. Its potential for tracing metals pollution in the sewer system has been investigated by placing the DGT devices into sewage pumping stations and into manholes, to measure the concentration of certain metals in the catchment of a sewage treatment works with a known metals problem. In addition the methodology and procedure of using the DGT technique in sewers was investigated. Parameters such as temperature and pH were measured to ensure they were within the limits required by the DGT devices, and the optimum deployment time was examined. It was found that although the results given by the DGT technique could not be considered to be fully quantitative, they could be used to identify locations that were showing an excess concentration of metals, and hence trace pollution back to its source. The DGT technique is ‘user friendly’ and requires no complicated equipment for deployment or collection, and minimal training for use. It is thought that this is the first time that the DGT technique has been used in situ in sewers for metals pollution tracing.
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Cusnir, Ruslan, Philipp Steinmann, François Bochud, and Pascal Froidevaux. "A DGT Technique for Plutonium Bioavailability Measurements." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 18 (August 27, 2014): 10829–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es501149v.

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Degryse, Fien, Erik Smolders, Hao Zhang, and William Davison. "Predicting availability of mineral elements to plants with the DGT technique: a review of experimental data and interpretation by modelling." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 3 (2009): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en09010.

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Environmental context. Total concentrations of mineral elements in soil bear little relation to their availability for plants. The DGT (diffusive gradients in thin-films) technique has been found to be a good predictor of trace metal uptake and P deficiency, though not consistently in all studies for all elements. This review examines the fundamental basis for the relation between DGT fluxes and plant uptake and assesses under which conditions this relation may break down. Abstract. In the DGT technique, elements are accumulated on a binding gel after their diffusive transport through a hydrogel. In this paper, we explore in more detail why – and under which conditions – DGT correlates with plant uptake. The theoretical considerations are illustrated with experimental results for metal uptake and toxicity, and for phosphorus deficiency. Strong correlations between DGT and plant uptake are predicted if the diffusive transport of the element from soil to the plant roots is rate-limiting for its uptake. If uptake is not limited by diffusive transport, DGT-fluxes and plant uptake may still correlate provided that plant uptake is not saturated. However, competitive cations may affect the plant uptake under these conditions, whereas they have no effect on the DGT flux. Moreover, labile complexes are not expected to contribute to the plant uptake if diffusion is not limiting, but they are measured with DGT. Therefore, if plant uptake is not limited by diffusion, interpretation of the observed correlation in terms of the labile species measured by DGT is inappropriate.
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Bennett, William W., Peter R. Teasdale, David T. Welsh, Jared G. Panther, Ryan R. Stewart, Helen L. Price, and Dianne F. Jolley. "Inorganic arsenic and iron(II) distributions in sediment porewaters investigated by a combined DGT–colourimetric DET technique." Environmental Chemistry 9, no. 1 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en11074.

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Environmental contextContamination of aquatic ecosystems with inorganic arsenic is a concern for both environmental and human health. Sediments are an important sink for dissolved arsenic, but they may also act as a source of arsenic because of human-induced changes in aquatic systems. This paper describes a new approach for investigating the status of inorganic arsenic in sediments, based on recent developments in diffusion-based sediment sampling techniques. AbstractA new approach for investigating the biogeochemistry of inorganic arsenic and iron(II) in freshwater, estuarine and marine sediments is reported. The recently developed Metsorb diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) technique for the measurement of total inorganic arsenic and the colourimetric diffusive equilibration in thin films (DET) technique for the measurement of iron(II), were utilised in combination to determine co-located depth profiles of both solutes in sediment porewaters. DGT-measured porewater arsenic concentrations were typically less than 40 nM, whereas iron(II) concentrations reached up to 704 µM. Statistically significant (P < 0.0002) correlations between porewater arsenic and iron(II) profiles were observed (R > 0.92) in mesocosms of each sediment type. This approach to investigating arsenic and iron geochemistry in sediments allows the in-situ determination of arsenic and iron species at exactly the same location in the sediment at 3-mm resolution for arsenic and 1-mm resolution for iron(II). The technique was capable of detecting very low concentrations of arsenic, with a detection limit of 0.27 nM (0.02 µg L–1) for a 48-h deployment time. Porewater iron(II), which is often present over a wide range of concentrations, was detectable up to 2000 µM. This study shows the application of these recently developed DGT and DET techniques for the in-situ investigation of inorganic arsenic and iron biogeochemistry in sediments. This approach has the potential to enable simple, yet highly representative assessment of the biogeochemical status of arsenic and iron in a variety of natural sediments, including groundwater sediments where mobilised arsenic is responsible for significant human health risks.
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Tirta, Ardina Purnama, Asep Saefumillah, Foliatini Foliatini, and Herawati Herawati. "The Study of Phosphate Release from Artificial Sediment into Water Body Using Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) Device in Oxic Condition." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 20, no. 2 (March 2, 2020): 395. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.43482.

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The phenomenon of phosphate release in sediments into water bodies under oxic environment has been investigated using the Diffusive Gradient in Thin Film (DGT) technique. This research consists of several stages: polymer synthesis and DGT probe assembly, sediment sampling, DGT deployment in oxic conditions, and phosphate analysis from DGT adsorption results. Acrylamide polymer was successfully synthesized with a composition 15% acrylamide; N-N'-methylenebisacrylamide 0.1% and ferrihydrite as binding gels. DGT probes were assembly by placing a 16 x 3.2 cm polyacrylamide gel, binding gels and filter membranes on the DGT probes. The sediment sample was taken from the Bogor Botanical Gardens at the coordinates 6°36’00.6” S; 106°47’51.0” E. The DGT probe was placed in sediment samples for 1, 3 and 7 days in oxic conditions. After the prescribed time, the binding gel was removed and cut every 1 cm depth, then eluted using 0.25 M H2SO4 and the phosphate concentration was measured using spectrophotometry method. The results showed that the phosphate concentration tends to be higher with the increasing incubation time and depth. Maximum CDGT phosphate released on day 1, day 3 and day 7 were 1.00 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, 6.61 µg/L at a depth of 14 cm, and 20.92 µg/L at a depth of 11 cm respectively. This ensures that the phosphate in water bodies comes from biogeochemical processes that occur in sediments and is successfully measured through DGT techniques.
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Fischerová, Z., J. Száková, D. Pavlíková, and P. Tlustoš. "The application of diffusive gradient technique (DGT) for assessment of changes in Cd, Pb, and Zn mobility in rhizosphere." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 12 (November 20, 2011): 532–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3628-pse.

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Diffusive Gradient in Thin Films (DGT) technique was applied to determine Cd, Pb and Zn concentrations in rhizosphere of four different plant species: hyperaccumulator Penny-cress (Thlaspi caerulescens J. et C. Presl), trees with a&nbsp;good accumulation capacity willow (Salix dasyclados Vimm.) and poplar (Populus nigra L.) and crop maize (Zea mays L.). Moreover, the effect of two chelating agents (ethylendiaminetetraacetic acid &ndash; EDTA, and S,S-ethylendiaminedisuccinic acid &ndash; EDDS) on element mobility in rhizosphere like soil was investigated. DGT was able to register even small changes in heavy metal concentrations in rhizosphere according to individual crop and/or soil treatments. A&nbsp;particularly significant effect of EDTA application to enhance solubility of metals bound to solid phase into the soil solution was observed resulting in increased concentrations of mobile metals in rhizosphere. The suitability of DGT technique for evaluation of heavy metal behavior in the environment was demonstrated with reasonable results.
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Fernandes.J, Bennilo, Sivakannan S, Prabakaran N, and G. Thirugnanam. "Reversible image watermarking technique using LCWT and DGT." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 1.3 (December 31, 2017): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i1.3.9224.

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In this contemporary world procuring our confidential data against some unknown person is very significant. Thus to have a high reliability of data security watermarking technique is applied before transmitting the data. This proposed work LCWT and DGT decomposition gives an effective technique to protect hypertensive related information based on reversible watermarking. LCWT has the superiority of multi-resolution fundamental analysis of wavelet transform and reflects representation of image domain in LCT. And using DGT decomposition the patient information has to embed inside high frequency subband wavelet and the watermarked information will be extracted by the receiver without any loss, to reconstruct the original image information. The reliability of the proposed method is analyzed by comparing the experimental results of similarity index, normalization and peak signal to noise ratio.
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Town, Raewyn M., Parthasarathi Chakraborty, and Herman P. van Leeuwen. "Dynamic DGT speciation analysis and applicability to natural heterogeneous complexes." Environmental Chemistry 6, no. 2 (2009): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08091.

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Environmental context. The environmental fate and bioavailability of metal ions in natural waters is determined by their thermodynamic stability and kinetic features, both of which are distributed and depend on the metal ion loading of the system. Diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT) is a dynamic technique for metal speciation analysis that measures a certain portion of these complexes as determined by its operational timescale. Reliable interpretation of data furnished by DGT necessitates characterisation of its features for the particular case of heterogeneous complexes. Abstract. Owing to their inherent heterogeneity, the thermodynamic stability of metal ion complexes with natural ligands is characterised by a distribution, and thus is a function of metal-to-ligand ratio. The kinetic features of such metal complexes are also distributed and can be probed by dynamic speciation techniques. The kinetic regime of the metal complex sample can be manipulated via the metal-to-ligand ratio, and the timescale over which kinetic parameters are actually in effect is defined by the window of the chosen technique. Here we detail the kinetic features of diffusive gradients in thin film (DGT), and show that the range of attainable measurement timescales (τ) is rather limited: variation of the gel layer thickness practically allows only one order of magnitude in τ to be scanned. The more effective use of DGT to probe the distribution of dynamic metal species in heterogeneous systems is via variation of the metal-to-ligand ratio in the sample solution. Compilation of the literature DGT data for natural waters shows that by assuming a Freundlich isotherm relationship, the degree of heterogeneity is reflected in the measured DGT concentration as a function of metal ion loading.
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Wang, Peifang, Cui Liu, Yu Yao, Chao Wang, Teng Wang, Ye Yuan, and Jun Hou. "Comparison of in situ DGT measurement with ex situ methods for predicting cadmium bioavailability in soils with combined pollution to biotas." Water Science and Technology 75, no. 9 (February 21, 2017): 2171–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.093.

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To assess the capabilities of the different techniques in predicting Cadmium (Cd) bioavailability in Cd-contaminated soils with the addition of Zn, one in situ technique (diffusive gradients in thin films; DGT) was compared with soil solution concentration and four widely used single-step extraction methods (acetic acid, EDTA, sodium acetate and CaCl2). Wheat and maize were selected as tested species. The results demonstrated that single Cd-polluted soils inhibited the growth of wheat and maize significantly compared with control plants; the shoot and root biomasses of the plants both dropped significantly (P &lt; 0.05). The addition of Zn exhibited a strong antagonism to the physiological toxicity induced by Cd. The Pearson correlation coefficient presented positive correlations (P &lt; 0.01, R &gt; 0.9) between Cd concentrations in two plants and Cd bioavailability indicated by each method in soils. Consequently, the results indicated that the DGT technique could be regarded as a good predictor of Cd bioavailability to plants, comparable to soil solution concentration and the four single-step extraction methods. Because the DGT technique can offer in situ data, it is expected to be widely used in more areas.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The DGT technique"

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Gregušová, Michaela. "Modifikace techniky difúzních gelů (DGT) pro charakterizaci přírodních systémů." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233319.

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Diffusive gradient in thin film technique (DGT) represents a relatively new approach for in situ determinations of labile metal-species in aquatic systems. The DGT device passively accumulates labile species from the solution while deployed in situ, and therefore contamination problems associated with conventional collection and filtration procedures are eliminated. This study deals with a possible modification of DGT technique. The key of using DGT technique for speciation analysis of metals is to find out suitable binding phase and diffusion layer. The new resin gel based on Spheron Oxin (5 sulphophenyl-azo-8-hydroxyquinoline) ion exchanger with a higher selectivity to trace metals than Chelex 100 could potentially provide more information on metals speciation in aquatic systems. The performance of this new binding phase was tested for the determination of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and U under laboratory conditions. The hydrogel layer based on poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) was synthesized and tested as a new diffusion gel for application in DGT technique.
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Devillers, Delphine. "Fiabilisation de la quantification des éléments traces cationiques et anioniques par la technique d'échantillonnage DGT en milieu aquatique naturel." Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0058/document.

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La technique d’échantillonnage passif DGT (« Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films ») possède de nombreux avantages (intégration des variations temporelles, abaissement des limites de quantification) qui font d’elle une méthode prometteuse pour une utilisation en réseaux de mesure pour quantifier les éléments traces dans les eaux naturelles. Cependant, il existe encore des zones d’ombre qui constituent des freins à son utilisation dans un contexte réglementaire. Ce travail a donc pour objectif d’identifier des biais potentiels et ainsi contribuer à fiabiliser la méthode. Cette étude montre que l’obtention d’un résultat avec une incertitude minimisée doit passer par la détermination expérimentale des facteurs d’élution ; cependant, l’utilisation d’une valeur standard de 0,8 pour le Cr(III) et de 0,85 pour Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) et Zn(II) est proposée afin d’alléger les manipulations tout en conservant une incertitude raisonnable (<10%). L’étude de l’influence de l’encrassement des dispositifs DGT a montré que la sorption des cations Cd(II), Cu(II) et Pb(II) sur les filtres encrassés affectent respectivement peu, modérément et fortement leur accumulation dans les échantillonneurs et donc leur quantification. Des durées d’exposition de moins d’une semaine sont alors préconisées pour ces éléments. En revanche, l’encrassement a eu un impact négligeable sur le Ni(II) et sur les oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) et Se(VI). Enfin, une méthode de quantification simultanée du Cr(III), essentiel à la vie, et du Cr(VI), toxique, a été développée en vue d’améliorer l’évaluation de la toxicité d’une eau. Un unique échantillonneur DGT fixe les deux formes tandis qu’elles sont ensuite sélectivement séparées par une étape d’élution. Cette méthode est robuste sur une large gamme de forces ioniques et de concentrations en sulfate mais sur une gamme de pH plus restreinte ne couvrant pas toutes les eaux naturelles (4 à 6)
The passive sampling DGT technique (Diffusive Gradients in Thin Films) has a lot of benefits (time-weighted average concentrations, low limits of quantification) and would therefore be a useful tool for monitoring studies to quantify trace elements in natural water. However, there are still some limitations and grey areas that put the brakes on the development of the method for regulatory applications. The aim of this work is to identify potential biases and contribute to increase the method reliability. This study shows that a minimized uncertainty on results can be obtained only if elution factors are experimentally determined; however, standard values of 0.8 for Cr(III) and 0.85 for Al(III), Cd(II), Co(II), Cu(II), Ni(II), Pb(II) and Zn(II) are suggested to reduce manipulations while keeping reasonable uncertainty (<10%). Studying the influence of fouling developed on DGT devices showed that the sorption of cations Cd(II), Cu(II) and Pb(II) had, respectively, a slight, moderate and strong impact on their accumulation in DGT samplers and therefore on their quantification. Samplers should then be deployed for less than one week. In contrast, fouling had a negligible impact on oxyanions As(V), Cr(VI), Sb(V) and Se(VI). Finally, a method was developed to simultaneously quantify both Cr oxidation states naturally occurring in natural waters, which are Cr(III), essential to life, and Cr(VI), toxic. Both forms are accumulated in a single DGT sampler before being selectively separated during an elution step. This method is robust for wide ranges of ionic strengths and sulfate concentrations but for a narrower range of pH (4 to 6)
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Kane, David. "Evaluating phosphorus availability in soils receiving organic amendment application using the Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2013. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/8001.

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Phosphorus is a resource in finite supply. Use of organic amendments in agriculture can be a sustainable alternative to inorganic P, provided it can meet crop requirements. However a lack of consistent knowledge of plant P availability following application of organic amendments, limits its potential. Studies suggest chemical extraction procedures, may not reflect plant available P. The Diffusive Gradients in Thin-films (DGT) technique is based on natural diffusion of P via a hydrogel and sorption to a ferrihydrite binding layer; which should accurately represent soil P (CDGT) in a plant available form. The aim of this research was to evaluate changes in soil P availability, following the addition of organic amendments, cattle farmyard manure (FYM), green waste compost (GW), cattle slurry (SLRY) and superphosphate (SP) using Olsen P and DGT. The research included incubation, and glasshouse studies, using ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Soils with a history of application of the aforementioned organic amendments were used (Gleadthorpe), as well as a soil deficient in P (Kincraigie). The hypotheses were as follows H1 A build-up of P available by diffusive supply, from historic treatment additions and subsequent availability from fresh treatment additions will be demonstrated by DGT. H2 Historical treatment additions are more important at determining yield and P uptake than fresh additions. H3 DGT can detect changes in P available by diffusive supply following addition of different treatments and subsequently following lysis of microbial cells on a soil deficient in P. H4 DGT will provide a more accurate indication of plant P availability than organic amendments in a soil deficient in P. H5 P measurements using DGT will be lower from organic amendments than superphosphate.H6 DIFS simulations of soil kinetic parameters will provide additional information about how treatments influence P resupply from solid phase to solution following DGT deployment. Cont/d.
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Österlund, Helene. "Applications of the DGT technique for measurements of anions and cations in natural waters." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Geovetenskap och miljöteknik, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-16785.

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Since the toxicity and mobility of trace metals are related to the metals' speciation, robust methods for trace metal speciation analysis are of great interest. During the last 15 years, hundreds of scientific articles have been published on the development and applications of the diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT) passive sampling technique.In this work the commercially available DGT containing ferrihydrite adsorbent, used for determination of phosphate and inorganic arsenic, was characterised with respect to anionic molybdate, antimonate, vanadate and tungstate determination. Tests were performed in the laboratory as well as in the field. Diffusion coefficients were determined for the anions using two different methods with good agreement. Simultaneous measurements of arsenate were conducted as quality control to facilitate comparison of the performance with previous work. The ferrihydrite-backed DGT was concluded useful for application over the pH-range 4 to 10 for vanadate and tungstate, and 4 to <8 for molybdate and antimonate. At pH values ≥8, deteriorating adsorption was observed.The combination of a restricted pore (RP) version of DGT and the normal open pore (OP) DGT was used for speciation of copper and nickel at three brackish water stations with different salinities in the Baltic Sea. Time series and depth profiles were taken, and complementary membrane- (<0.22 μm) and ultrafiltration (<1 kDa) was conducted. Comparing DGT and ultrafiltration measurements indicated that copper and nickel were complexed. Due to small differences in results between the OP and RP DGTs it was suggested that the complexes were smaller than the pore size of the RP gel (~1 nm) resulting in that both DGTs accumulating essentially the same fraction. Further, there seemed to be a trend in copper speciation indicating higher degree of strong complexation with increasing salinity. The low salinity stations are more affected by fluvial inputs which will likely affect the nature and composition of the organic ligands present. Assuming that copper forms more stable complexes with ligands of marine rather than terrestrial origin would be sufficient to explain the observed trend.
Godkänd; 2010; 20100517 (helost); LICENTIATSEMINARIUM Ämnesområde: Tillämpad geologi/Applied Geology Examinator: Professor Johan Ingri, Luleå tekniska universitet Diskutant: Docent Per Andersson, Naturhistoriska Riksmuseet Tid: Fredag den 18 juni 2010 kl 10.00 Plats: F341, Luleå tekniska universitet
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Bořek, Tomáš. "Toxické kovy ve vodě a sedimentech vodní nádrže Brno." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216543.

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Diploma thesis deals with usage of the diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for the determination of labile metal species in the surface water and sediments of Brno water reservoir. Sediment and water samples were collected on the selected sides of Brno water reservoir on September and October 2008. The DGT technique was used for determination of depth profiles of Fe, Mn, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni and Al. The DGT probes with three different thicknesses of diffusive layer were applied into the sediment samples. The obtained results gave the information about release of metals from solid phase into the pore water of sediment. The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in sediments were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave decomposition. The DGT technique was used also for determination of Fe, Mn, Pb and Cd in surface water from Brno water reservoir.
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Finsterlová, Hana. "Studium vlastností sorpčních gelů pro stanovení rtuti technikou DGT." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216541.

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The aim of this thesis is testing of resin gels used in diffusive gradients in thin films technique (DGT) for determination of mercury in natural waters. The sorbets, chosen for preparation of resing gels were: Duolit GT- 73, Spheron- Thiol, and Chelex 100 and newly modified sorbent Iontosorb AV. At the beginning of work, the preparation procedure of all resing gels was optimized. After optimalization of preparation procedure the resin gels were tested in mercury model solutions. The recovery test and time dependence test were performed. When the basic tests were finished, they were followed by the tests of influence of natural ligand (humic acids and chlorides), and other parameters (above all pH and ionic strenght), on mercury determination by DGT technique.
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Cole, Russell Francis. "Determination of organotin compounds in coastal sediment pore-water by diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) technique." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 2016. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/determination-of-organotin-compounds-in-coastal-sediment-porewater-by-diffusive-gradients-in-thinfilms-dgt-technique(f452f268-d8c7-4ca9-acb3-ffd6fb733f8e).html.

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Organotin compounds still present a high risk to biota in the aquatic environment. Measuring the behaviour of the freely dissolved fractions of these compounds in sediment compartments is challenging, with costly and sensitive analytical techniques required for their measurement. Diffusive gradients in thin-films (DGT) allow for the uptake and pre-concentration of analytes in a binding gel and is used to measure dissolved metals and some organic compounds. The utility of novel silica-bound sorbents (C8, C18, mixed phases) as DGT binding gels for the sequestration of organotins in the marine environment was the primary focus of work in this project. The C8 sorbent showed the optimum performance in the uptake and recovery of organotins across pH, ionic strength and in filtered sea water. It was used subsequently as the binding layer in DGT sediment devices (160 mm × 34 mm) overlaid with a mixed-cellulose ester membrane (0.45 μm) as the single diffusion layer. These were used to investigate pore water mobilisation and concentrations of organotins in coastal sediment cores collected from a contaminated site. Organotins demonstrated a non-sustained uptake scenario, with DGT flux and freely dissolved concentrations in pore water measured to decline at 1 cm depth intervals over deployments of 2-28 days. Using time series, concentrations in pore water at t = 0 were calculated providing empirical pore water depletion curves for sediment cores. Using standard laboratory instrumentation (i.e. gas chromatography-mass spectrometry) low limits of detection were achieved (TBT = 0.4 ng L-1 after 2 weeks of sampling).
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Szkandera, Roman. "Testování modifikovaných sorbetů Iontosorb pro užití v technice difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu (DGT)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-216360.

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6-mercaptopurine was joined by diazotation and copulation reactions on Iontosorb AV. Presence of thiol groups in modified resin was showed by infrared spectrometry. Amount of thiol groups was determined by iodometric titration. Resin gel was preparated from modified resin and agarose and both of them were tested for mercury determination by DGT technique.
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Soares, Jose Antonio. "An investigation of early diagenetic processes in marine coastal environments by the diffusive gradient in thin films (DGT) technique." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246223.

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Trávníčková, Jana. "Transport kovů v systému půda/rostlina. Porovnání metody aktivního a pasivního vzorkování (Technika difúzního gradientu v tenkém filmu)." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-233341.

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The doctoral thesis deals with comparison between copper uptake by radish (Raphanus sativus L.) and concentration of copper measured by a DGT-device and concentration of copper obtained by extraction with generally used extraction agents (HNO3, NaNO3 and water). Plants were cultivated in pot experiments on a tested non-treated and gradually spiked soil. The amount of copper was determined in various part of radish (whole plant, above- and below-ground part) after mineralization in the APION mineralizer by ET – AAS. The highest concentration was in belowground part, especially in root tissues and sheel of root bulb. It confirms copper is associated with cell walls. The amount of copper taken by radish up does not pass beyond sanitary standards not even in spiked soils and consummation of radish is not unhealthy. Good correlations were found between copper concentration in radish and the amount of copper extracted with HNO3, NaNO3 and water and the amount found in soil solution. Results of extraction with HNO3 confirmed the amount of copper was stable in spiked soils during the pot experiments. The DGT experiments have shown that the rate of resupply from the solid phase to soil solution is constant during the deployment time. Whereas the release of copper decreases after 24 hours in natural soil. Copper added to soil in form of cupric ions is present in the different form after one month-equilibration than copper present in unspiked soils. The results obtained by DGT measurements were approximately up to two orders of magnitude lower than copper concentration obtained by leaching with sodium nitrate. The extraction with sodium nitrate does not provide true reflection of metal availability to plant root system and soil microorganism. High values of correlation coefficients (R2 > 0,9) were found between concentration of copper in radish plant and the concentration of copper in soil solution measured by DGT technique. Concentration of copper in soil solution was three times higher than concentration measured by DGT technique. Soil solution contains species of copper that are not measured by DGT technique and available to plants. Concentration of metals obtained by DGT measurements is more closely to real concentration of bioavailable forms of metal in soil. Therefore it is possible to recommend the DGT technique as a technique for determination of bioavailable forms of copper in soils.
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Books on the topic "The DGT technique"

1

Dot, dot, dots!: Techniques and tutorials for glass beadmakers. Charlottsville, VA: Deanna Griffin Dove, 2007.

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Paschal, Robert. The art of the dot: Advanced airbrush techniques. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

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Léonard, Monique. Le dit et sa technique littéraire des origines à 1340. Paris: H. Champion, 1996.

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R, Smith Gary. State DOT management techniques for materials and construction acceptance. Washington, D.C: National Academy Press, 1998.

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Wang, Francis C. Digital circuit testing: A guide to DFT and other techniques. San Diego: Academic Press, 1991.

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(Denmark), Etiske råd, and Københavns universitet, eds. Indlæg fra konferencen: Mennesker og genteknologi i det nye årtusinde : hvordan får vi gen-etik til tiden? : arrangeret af Det Etiske Råd og Københavns Universitet, 9. november 1999. København: Det Etiske råd, 2000.

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Exploration minière, développement technique et animisme en Côte d'Ivoire, 1960-1977, ou, Kumba m'a dit. Paris: Harmattan, 2005.

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Mathematics of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT): With music and audio applicaitons. [S.l.]: W3K Pub., 2003.

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Merhav, Neri. Fast inverse motion compensation algorithms for MPEG-2 and for partial DCT information. Palo Alto, CA: Hewlett-Packard Laboratories, Technical Publications Department, 1996.

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Dreiländertagung Elektronenmikroskopie 1985 (1985 Konstanz, Germany). Abstracts: 22. Tagung der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Elektronenmikroskopie e. V. (DGE) einschliesslich 18. Kolloquium des Arbeitskreises für Elektronenmikroskopischen Direktabbildung und Analyse von Oberflächen (EDO) : Tagung der SchweizerischenGesellschaft für Optik und Elektronenmikroskopie (SGOEM/SSOME) : Tagung der Österreichischen Gesellschaft für Elektronenmikroskopie (ÖGE) : Konstanz, 15. bis 21 September 1985. Stuttgart: Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft MBH, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "The DGT technique"

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Wang, Shengrui, and Zhihao Wu. "The “Internal P-Loading” at SWI Assessed by DGT Technique." In DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 75–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_4.

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Wang, Shengrui, and Zhihao Wu. "The Coupled Fe–S–P Biogeochemical Mechanism for P-Release and Sulfide Microniche in Sediments Assessed by DGT–CID Technique (Dianchi Lake)." In DGT-based Measurement of Phosphorus in Sediment Microzones and Rhizospheres, 93–105. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0721-7_5.

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Mathew, Seena Elizebeth, and A. Pauline. "Classification of DGA Botnet Detection Techniques Based on DNS Traffic and Parallel Detection Technique for DGA Botnet." In Intelligence in Big Data Technologies—Beyond the Hype, 297–304. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5285-4_29.

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Ghosal, Nabin, Anirban Goswami, Jyotsna Kumar Mondal, and Dipankar Pal. "Image Authentication Technique Based on DCT (IATDCT)." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 863–71. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-30111-7_83.

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Ngo, C. W., T. C. Pong, and R. T. Chin. "Exploiting image indexing techniques in DCT domain." In Multimedia Information Analysis and Retrieval, 195–206. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bfb0016499.

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Shivani and Navdeep Singh. "Gait Recognition Using DWT and DCT Techniques." In Proceedings of International Conference on Communication and Artificial Intelligence, 473–81. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6546-9_45.

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Khelalef, Aziz, Fakhreddine Ababsa, and Nabil Benoudjit. "A Simple Human Activity Recognition Technique Using DCT." In Advanced Concepts for Intelligent Vision Systems, 37–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-48680-2_4.

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Suhail, M. A., A. H. Siddiqi, and S. Ipson. "A New Fast DCT Based Digital Watermarking Technique." In Applied Optimization, 117–28. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0263-6_6.

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Dhaked, Devender Kumar. "Combined DCT-DWT Color Image Digital Watermarking Technique." In Studies in Autonomic, Data-driven and Industrial Computing, 169–77. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3915-9_13.

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Shekar, B. H., and R. K. Bharathi. "DCT-SVM-Based Technique for Off-line Signature Verification." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 843–53. New Delhi: Springer India, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-1157-0_85.

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Conference papers on the topic "The DGT technique"

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Anugolu, Madhavi, Chandrasekhar Potluri, Alex Urfer, and Marco P. Schoen. "A Motor Point Identification Technique Based on Dempster Shafer Theory." In ASME 2014 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2014-6102.

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The objective of this work is to identify the motor point location from the obtained sEMG signals using Dempster Shafer theory (DST). The proposed technique is applied on data obtained from a male test subject. In particular, the sEMG signals and its corresponding skeletal muscle force signals from the Flexor Digitorum Superficialis are acquired at a sampling rate of 2000 Hz using a Delsys Bangnoli- 16 EMG system. The acquired sEMG signals are rectified and filtered using a Discrete Wavelet Transforms (DWT) with a Daubechies 44 mother wavelet. For the system identification, an Output Error (OE) model structure is assumed to obtain the dynamic relation between the sEMG signal and the corresponding finger force signals. Subsequently, model based probabilities and fuzzy inference based probabilities are obtained for discrete sensor locations of a sEMG sensor array. Considering these evidences, a DST based motor point location identification method is proposed. The results based on one subject show the potential of the proposed theory and approach for affectively identifying motor point locations using an array sEMG sensor.
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Furukawa, Tomonari, Yoshitaka Wada, John G. Michopoulos, and Athanasios Iliopoulos. "Probabilistic Vision-Based Full-Field Displacement and Strain Measurement via Uncertainty Propagation." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70969.

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This paper presents formulations that enable the vision-based measurement of displacement and strain fields extensively in a probabilistic manner. The proposed formulations are built on the dot centroid tracking (DCT) method by digital cameras, which measures the darkness of each pixel in gray scale, identify dots marked on a specimen, derives dot centroids using pixel darkness information and derives displacement and strain fields by tracking the centroids and interpolating the nodal displacements and strains. Under the Gaussian assumption, the proposed formulations analytically propagate the standard deviation of uncertainty in darkness measurement and estimate that in the displacement and strain field measurement. As the first step, the formulations were completed for continuous field measurement with triangular elements. Most advantageously, the proposed formulations allow discussion on measurement error bounds, which also enables the quantitative comparison of the DCT method to the other measurement techniques. For numerical validation, standard deviations of nodal displacements and strains estimated from the known darkness uncertainty were compared to those derived from large samples created with the same darkness uncertainty. The results show the validity of the proposed formulations and their potential in measurement with reliability.
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Yang, Shubo, and Xi Wang. "A Comparative Study on N-Dot Acceleration Technique." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57341.

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For aero-engines, the throttle command is often changed dramatically, which will perturb the control error (defined as actual rotor speed minus desired rotor speed) of the primary set-point controller. When the perturbation is amplified by the gain, the controller will output unreasonable values of control variables, i.e. the mass of fuel flow, and cause abnormal engine operation. For this reason, limit protection controllers are applied to constrain the controlled variables at a safe level. Besides, the transient control modes are required to provide smooth, stall free operation of the engine. The schedule-based approach, which is the traditional transient control mode, is easy to implement but the performance of acceleration and deceleration will suffer from degradation or manufacturing errors. With the development of digital control system, N-dot control mode has been adopted in some modern aero-engines, which focuses on rotor acceleration rather than rotor speed. To some extent, this method can overcome the obstacles of the schedule-based approach. In terms of N-dot control mode, there are two main methods: direct control and indirect control. The former one suggests using a differentiator to get the actual N-dot value, then minus it by the desired N-dot value to get the error of N-dot. When the error is reduced to zero by a controller, the actual N-dot value follows the desired N-dot value. The latter one suggests inputting the desired N-dot value to an integrator for a rotor speed value, which essentially transforms the N-dot command to the speed command. With this transformation, the familiar set-point controller can be used to control the engine following the N-dot command indirectly. This paper presents implementation schemes of the two types of N-dot control, and focuses on a comparative study of them. To avoid integral windup issue when the indirect method switches controllers, such as from N-dot controller to set-point controller, we have introduced a logic to determine whether the integrator is operational. This design allows flexible switchings. After frequency domain analysis, we find out that the essential difference between the two schemes lies in the magnitude of crossing frequency. The direct N-dot control, with a higher crossing frequency, has faster responses but is sensitive to noise. While the indirect N-dot control, with a lower crossing frequency, has slower responses but can suppress noise. When the dynamic nature of sensor and actuator is considered, the direct N-dot control with a higher crossing frequency may cause the close-loop system unstable. Using a reliable aero-engine mathematical model, we designed a set of simulations to test the two N-dot schemes. The simulation results showed that the direct N-dot control performed better than the indirect one under ideal situation. When noise or dynamic nature of sensor and actuator was taken into consideration, however, the indirect N-dot control was more robust, which confirmed the analysis above.
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Aggarwal, Ankita, and Gurmeet Kaur. "Development of an Efficient Indoor Optical System using Different Wavelet Transforms." In International Conference on Women Researchers in Electronics and Computing. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.114.35.

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For an effective communication system whether indoor or outdoor, the most important concern is minimum noise. In this paper, an efficient noise reduction technique is presented using various wavelet transform techniques for indoor optical wireless communication system (IOWC). In IOWC system, Fluorescent Light Interference (FLI) is main source of noise. Here, in this paper three methods are used to reduce the effect of noise from a digital signal. These are Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Stationary Wavelet transform (SWT) and Discrete Wavelet transform-Stationary Wavelet Transform (DWT-SWT). Through sub band coding in DWT the signal is decomposed into lower sub bands of high and low frequency respectively of unequal size; while in SWT the decomposed signal have sub bands of equal size. In DWT-SWT the high frequency components of both DWT and SWT are added. Using Pulse Position Modulation, the comparison between these three techniques is described here to enhance the overall performance of the IOWC system.
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Unlu, Mehmet Burcin, Yuting Lin, Orhan Nalcioglu, and Gultekin Gulsen. "A Dual Modality Dynamic Imaging System." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38108.

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Diffuse optical tomography (DOT) is a recently emerging technique that uses arrays of sources and detectors to obtain spatially dependent optical parameters of tissue. DOT techniques have been applied for a wide range of applications, especially for breast and head as well as animal imaging. We have developed an integrated dynamic MR/DOT imaging system. This combined system can acquire MR and optical data simultaneously with a high temporal resolution. Hence, the enhancement kinetics of multiple MR and optical contrast agents can be monitored independently.
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Li, J., F. Richecoeur, T. Schuller, and Y. Huang. "An Acoustic Methodology to Measure Heat Release Rate Fluctuations From Unsteady Laminar Flames." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46431.

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This paper presents first validations of an alternative method to optical diagnostics to evaluate unsteady heat release rate disturbances. The technique is based on the determination of the propagation time of ultrasonic waves crossing a reacting flow. A train of pulses is synthesized and transmitted to the space by a tweeter. This signal is captured before and after its passage through the flame. The cross-correlation of the two signals yields a narrow compressed pulse response with a main lobe corresponding to the time lag between the incident and transmitted signals. The technique is examined in two generic laminar configurations. For open flames featuring buoyancy effects, it is possible to link the rate of change of fluctuations of the sound travel time dΔt′/dt to heat release rate disturbances Q˙′. For pulsated confined flames, the situation is more complex and a transfer function must be defined between perturbations in the sound travel time Δt′ and heat release rate disturbances Q˙′. Measurements are compared to predictions using different techniques. A general agreement is obtain in term of phasing and amplitudes. This study shows that the proposed technique is very sensitive to small perturbations in the heat release rate and provides the basis for further developments oriented towards more practical configurations.
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Penha da Silva Júnior, Guilherme, Thiago Figueiredo do Nascimento, and Luciano Sales Barros. "Comparison of Virtual Synchronous Generator Strategies for Control of Distributed Energy Sources and Power System Stability Improvement." In Simpósio Brasileiro de Sistemas Elétricos - SBSE2020. sbabra, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.48011/sbse.v1i1.2482.

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The high integration of distributed generation (DG) system based on renewable energy sources (RES) in the power system requires changes regarding the control mode of these sources with some urgency. Such changes seek to maintain the stability of the power systems. Thus, there is a demand for using control techniques on DGs/RESs that can mitigate the disturbances caused by low inertia and the lack of control over the dispatched powers. As a solution, one can use virtual synchronous generator (VSG) techniques making the voltage source inverter (VSI) control behave similarly to the traditional synchronous generator (SG). This paper presents a literature review and performance tests for the main VSG topologies used in DGs/RESs: ISE, VSYNC, VISMA and Synchronverter. The implementation of VSG in the DGs/RESs has made possible increase inertia in the grid and, additionally regulate the active and reactive powers separately and bidirectionally. So, it has been possible to meet power system requirements; being able to operation both grid-connected or island-mode, which is ideal for microgrids. The results obtained confirm the literature reports. It was observed that the Synchronverter topology presented advantages over the other VSG topologies.
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Morrison, G. L., and B. Nelson. "ND-YAG Monitoring for DGV Application (Keynote Paper)." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55306.

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Doppler Global Velocimeters (DGV) requires a narrow bandwidth laser beam which can be accurately tuned to a desired frequency. One laser used for this application is an ND-YAG which is seeded using a laser diode. By adjusting the laser diode output, the frequency of the ND-YAG laser beam can be modified. This technique also narrows the bandwidth of the laser frequency to below 100 MHz. Monitoring this output is difficult due to the 9 ns pulse duration which makes normal interferometry techniques ineffective for the 10 to 20 MHz frequency resolution required. This paper will describe a system constructed to monitor the frequency in real time which can be used in conjunction with a DGV system to correct for laser frequency drift. The particular ND-YAG system response and stability will be presented and discussed in relationship to DGV system accuracy.
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Tong, Xianqiao, Tomonari Furukawa, and Saied Taheri. "Speed Enhancement of Displacement and Strain Field Measurement Using Graphics Processing Unit." In ASME 2012 Rail Transportation Division Fall Technical Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/rtdf2012-9413.

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This paper presents the speed enhancement of displacement and strain field measurement using graphics processing unit (GPU) towards real-time field measurement. The displacement and strain field measurement technique to be enhanced is a vision-based dot centroid tracking (DCT) method which measures the darkness of each pixel in gray scale, identifies dots marked on a specimen, derives dot centroids using pixel darkness information and derives displacement and strain fields by tracking the centroids and deriving and interpolating the nodal displacements and strains. The proposed enhancement begins by finding parallel processes in both the image analysis phase and the field estimation phase. The centroid derivation and tracking of marked dots in the image analysis phase are computed independently for each marked dot whereas the derivation, interpolation and estimation of the displacement and strain field are computed parallel as well with respect to the interpolated points which covers the evaluated field. The proposed enhancement then accelerates the displacement and strain field estimation by storing the pixel and dot information as a predefined index look-up table and a new measurement in a shared buffer in the GPU’s shared memory. The use of the shared buffer with a look-up table avoids the duplicated memory allocation and contributes to not only speed but also memory usage. Numerical examples have first investigated the validity and performance of the proposed enhancement through parametric studies. A comparison with field measurement using only a central processing unit (CPU) shows that the proposed enhancement gains at least 10 times speedup when the same accuracy is attained. The proposed approach was then applied to the displacement and strain field measurement of a rail in a three-point bending test under relatively fast periodic loadings, and its ability to capture real-time behavior has been demonstrated.
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Chen, Tzu-Ying, Yi-Lin Tsai, and Tsung-Hsien Lin. "A current feedback instrumentation amplifier with chopping and dynamic element matching techniques and employing the current-reuse technique in input/feedback stages." In 2017 International Symposium on VLSI Design, Automation and Test (VLSI-DAT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsi-dat.2017.7939666.

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