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Journal articles on the topic 'The diffraction of waves on the reflectors'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Zhang, Dongliang, Tong W. Fei, Constantine Tsingas, and Yi Luo. "Efficient wave-equation-based diffraction imaging." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 5 (2019): S389—S399. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0568.1.

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We have developed an efficient and practical wave-equation-based technique to image subsurface geologic features such as isolated scatterers, reflector edges, fault, fracture zones, and erosion whose information is mainly contained in diffracted waves. This technique has the ability to directly reveal and differentiate important geologic features compared with results obtained using reflected seismic waves. This new technique comprises three steps. First, the source and receiver wavefields are decomposed into left- and right-downgoing propagating waves, respectively. Second, applying the imagi

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Mogilner, L. Yu, Ya G. Smorodinsky, and V. V. Tishkin. "Usage of Volumetric Reflectors for Adjusting Ultrasonic Testing Parameters." Defektoskopiâ, no. 10 (October 19, 2024): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0130308224100014.

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In ultrasonic flaw detection, lateral cylindrical drillings are traditionally used to adjust and check the parameters of equipment. Other volumetric reflectors, such as vertical drillings or spherical pores, are rarely used. This article notes that such models of internal and surface defects of welded seams are convenient to use and easy to manufacture. For a long time, a limitation to the use of drillings for modeling in ultrasonic flaw detection was the use of these effects not only on defect models in the form of noise associated with the diffraction effects of elastic waves running around

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Sumbatyan, Mezhlum A., Nikolay V. Boyev, and Vladislav S. Kharitonov. "Focusing Effects in Reflection of Waves From the Inner Boundary of an Ellipse." UNIVERSITY NEWS. NORTH-CAUCASIAN REGION. NATURAL SCIENCES SERIES, no. 1 (March 31, 2025): 40–50. https://doi.org/10.18522/1026-2237-2025-1-40-50.

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Mathematical study of the phenomenon of wave focusing during reflection from 2D-curvilinear reflectors is carried out within the framework of the geometric theory of diffraction based on the Kirchhoff physical theory of diffraction. An explicit form of the leading term of the pressure expansion in the reflected acoustic wave is obtained. In the work, using the example of a concave elliptical reflector, it is established that in the case of a certain mutual arrangement of the source and the receiver, singular focusing effects appear, which lead to the fact that the amplitude of the reflected wa

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Liu, Xuan, Lisa Samfaß, Kevin Kolpatzeck, et al. "Terahertz Beam Steering Concept Based on a MEMS-Reconfigurable Reflection Grating." Sensors 20, no. 10 (2020): 2874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20102874.

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With an increasing number of applications of terahertz systems in industrial fields and communications, terahertz beamforming and beam steering techniques are required for high-speed, large-area scanning. As a promising means for beam steering, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS)-based reflection gratings have been successfully implemented for terahertz beam control. So far, the diffraction grating efficiency is relatively low due to the limited vertical displacement range of the reflectors. In this paper, we propose a design for a reconfigurable MEMS-based reflection grating consisting of

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Zhao, Jingtao, Caixia Yu, Suping Peng, and Jingjie Cao. "Least-squares imaging of diffractions by solving a hybrid L1-L2 norm minimization problem." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 1 (2021): S59—S72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0720.1.

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Traditional diffraction images without a specific migration kernel for promoting focusing abilities may cause confusion to seismic interpretation because diffraction images may show a finite-array response of diffracted/scattered waves. Because diffractors are discontinuous and sparsely distributed, a least-squares diffraction-imaging method is formulated by solving a hybrid L1-L2 norm minimization problem that imposes a sparsity constraint on diffraction images. It uses two different forward modeling operators for reflections and diffractions and L2 and L1 regularizations for penalizing the a

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Zhao, Jingtao, Suping Peng, Wenfeng Du, and Xiaoting Li. "Diffraction imaging method by Mahalanobis-based amplitude damping." GEOPHYSICS 81, no. 6 (2016): S399—S408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2015-0692.1.

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Clarifying and locating small-scale discontinuities or inhomogeneities in the subsurface, such as faults and collapsed columns, plays a vital role in safe coal mining because these discontinuities or inhomogeneities may destroy the continuity of layers and result in dangerous mining accidents. Diffractions carry key information from these objects and therefore can be used for high-resolution imaging. However, diffracted/scattered waves are much weaker than reflected waves and consequently require separation before being imaged. We have developed a Mahalanobis-based diffraction imaging method b

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Bansal, Reeshidev, and Matthias G. Imhof. "Diffraction enhancement in prestack seismic data." GEOPHYSICS 70, no. 3 (2005): V73—V79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1926577.

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Seismic diffractions are often considered noise and are intentionally or implicitly suppressed during processing. Diffraction-like events include true diffractions, wave conversions, or fracture waves which may contain valuable information about the subsurface and could be used for interpretation or imaging. Using synthetic and field data, we examine workflows to separate diffractions from reflections that allow enhancement of diffraction-like signals and suppression of reflections. The workflows consist of combinations of standard processing modules. Most workflows apply normal moveout correc

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Li, Chuangjian, Suping Peng, Xiaoqin Cui, Qiannan Liu, and Peng Lin. "Prestack diffraction separation by parameterizing the reflection local slope." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 2 (2021): S35—S44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0321.1.

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Diffracted waves provide an opportunity to detect small-scale subsurface structures because they give wide illumination direction of geologic discontinuities, such as faults, pinch outs, and collapsed columns. However, separating diffracted waves is challenging because diffracted waves have greater geometric amplitude losses and are generally weaker than reflections. To retain more diffracted waves, we have developed a prestack diffraction separation method based on the local slope pattern and plane-wave destruction (PWD) method. In general, it is difficult to distinguish between hyperbolic re

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Sheng, Tongjie, and Jingtao Zhao. "Separation and imaging of diffractions using a dilated convolutional neural network." GEOPHYSICS 87, no. 3 (2022): S117—S127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2021-0260.1.

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Seismic diffractions provide high-resolution details of small-scale geologic discontinuities, and diffraction imaging can be an important contribution to the exploration of faults, fractures, and cavities. However, reflections with strong energy generally mask the existence of weak diffractions in seismic records, and separating diffractions is necessary to see the full benefit of diffraction imaging. Here, a modified convolutional neural network (CNN) is used for separating diffractions. The input wavefields are modeled as the summation of individual diffractions and reflections, the network

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Kuzikov, Sergey, Nikolay Peskov, and Mikhail Plotkin. "Open Bragg Cavity with Gaussian Wavebeam for Free Electron Maser of Centimeter Wavelength Range." Siberian Journal of Physics 8, no. 1 (2013): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.54362/1818-7919-2013-8-1-24-31.

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This paper describes a highly selective electromagnetic cavity for a 30 GHz free electron maser (FEM). The cavity consists of two Bragg reflectors with overlapping reflection bands. Reflectors have been synthesized with the help of coupled waves method. For the sake of mode selectivity reflectors are separated by a gap which is wide in the wavelength scale. The operating mode in the interspace between the reflectors represents a Gaussian wavebeam of small diameter, so that its field is detached from the cavity walls, and the loss of radiation through the gap is negligible. At the same time, sp

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Uzair, Mohammad, Xiao Li, Yangyang Fu, and Chen Shen. "Diffraction in phase gradient acoustic metagratings: multiple reflection and integer parity design." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 263, no. 3 (2021): 3167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in-2021-2320.

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Diffraction occurs when acoustic waves are incident on periodic structures such as graded metasurfaces. While numerous interesting diffraction phenomena have been observed and demonstrated, the underlying mechanism of diffraction in these structures is often overlooked. Here we provide a generic explanation of diffraction in phase gradient acoustic metagratings and relate high-order diffractions to multiple reflections in the unit cells. As such, we reveal that the number of unit cells within the metagrating plays a dominant role in determining the diffraction patterns. It is also found that t

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Khoshnavaz, Mohammad Javad, Andrej Bóna, Muhammad Shahadat Hossain, Milovan Urosevic, and Kit Chambers. "Diffractivity — Another attribute for the interpretation of seismic data in hard rock environment, a case study." Interpretation 4, no. 4 (2016): B23—B32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2016-0023.1.

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The primary objective of seismic exploration in a hard rock environment is the detection of heterogeneities such as fracture zones, small-scale geobodies, intrusions, and steeply dipping structures that are often associated with mineral deposits. Prospecting in such environments using seismic-reflection methods is more challenging than in sedimentary settings due to lack of continuous reflector beds and predominance of steeply dipping hard rock formations. The heterogeneities and “fractal” aspect of hard rock geologic environment produce considerable scattering of the seismic energy in the for

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Roshchupkin, Dmitry, Luc Ortega, Olga Plotitcyna, et al. "X-ray diffraction by surface acoustic waves." Journal of Applied Crystallography 54, no. 1 (2021): 180–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600576720015319.

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The possibilities are presented of X-ray diffraction methods for studying the propagation of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in solids, including diffraction under total external reflection conditions and Bragg diffraction, using acoustically modulated X-ray multilayer mirrors and crystals. SAW propagation was studied using both meridional and sagittal diffraction geometries where the SAW wavevectors and X-ray photons are collinear or perpendicular, respectively. SAW propagation in a crystal leads to sinusoidal modulation of the crystal lattice and the appearance of diffraction satellites on the

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Li, Chuangjian, Jingtao Zhao, Suping Peng, Xiaoqin Cui, and Peng Lin. "Separating and imaging diffractions of seismic waves in the full-azimuth dip-angle domain." Journal of Geophysics and Engineering 17, no. 2 (2019): 339–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jge/gxz110.

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Abstract Seismic diffractions are ideal carriers of information on small-scale, discontinuous objects and can therefore be used to detect these geologic objects. However, recognizing diffractions is difficult because specular reflection with strong energy masks the weak diffraction. In this study, we propose a diffraction separation and imaging method based on a Mahalanobis-based and phase-based attenuation function used to modify the Kirchhoff migration formula in the full-azimuth dip-angle domain. In this domain, reflections are restricted to within the first Fresnel zone and are distributed

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Matsuhata, Hirofumi. "Bloch-wave interpretations of Gjønnes–Moodie lines in convergent-beam electron diffraction for non-symmorphic space-group crystals." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 77, no. 3 (2021): 222–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273321003211.

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The contrast of Gjønnes–Moodie (GM) lines which appear in convergent-beam electron diffraction patterns for non-symmorphic space-group crystals is explained using Bloch waves. In the two-dimensional space groups p2mg and pg the Bloch waves for electron diffraction are described. In both space groups along the Δ line, Bloch waves are arranged as two different types, and it is shown that the two types of Bloch waves do not contribute to the intensity of forbidden reflections. Along the position where the forbidden reflection satisfies the Bragg condition, degeneracies of two Bloch waves are foun

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Bakhtiari Rad, Parsa, and Craig J. Hickey. "Seismic diffraction separation in the near surface: Detection of high-contrast voids in unconsolidated soils." GEOPHYSICS 86, no. 3 (2021): WA13—WA23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2020-0366.1.

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Seismic diffractions carry the signature of near-surface high-contrast anomalies and need to be extracted from the data to complement the reflection processing and other geophysical techniques. Because diffractions are often masked by reflections, surface waves, and noise, careful diffraction separation is required as a first step for diffraction imaging. A multiparameter time-imaging method is used to separate near-surface diffractions. The implemented scheme makes use of the wavefront attributes that are reliable fully data-derived processing parameters. To mitigate the effect of strong nois

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Dell, Sergius, Andreas Hoelker, and Dirk Gajewski. "Using seismic diffractions for assessment of tectonic overprint and fault interpretation." GEOPHYSICS 84, no. 1 (2019): IM1—IM9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2018-0113.1.

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Assessment of the area of interest on tectonic overprint is a key aspect during various geoscientific exploration endeavors. Conventionally, 3D reflection imaging is used because it provides the highest resolution of the subsurface image. Tectonic features, e.g., faults or fractures, are imaged indirectly by means of discontinuities of the specular reflections. Specular reflections, however, are only a part of the backscattering wavefield. Geologic heterogeneities in the subsurface can act as scattering points or scattering edges, which both evoke diffracted waves. Thus, diffracted waves are a

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Schoepp, Alana, Stephane Labonté, and Evgeny Landa. "Multifocusing 3D diffraction imaging for detection of fractured zones in mudstone reservoirs: Case history." Interpretation 3, no. 1 (2015): SF31—SF42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/int-2014-0064.1.

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Diffracted waves are generated by a wave incident on a subsurface obstruction (of a size less than a seismic wavelength) that acts as a point source, scattering the wave in all directions. In the most general terms, diffractors are points and edges and they typically appear in the subsurface as faults, steep reef edges, karsts, or extensive systems of well-developed fractures. Diffracted waves are rarely imaged in sufficient detail for interpretation because they have low amplitudes compared to the reflectivity data, and standard processing flows are not optimized for them. Diffraction imaging

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Li, Zhijun, Hui Sun, Ruoge Xu, et al. "Diffraction Separation for the Ground Penetrating Radar Data by Masking Filters." Earth Sciences Research Journal 28, no. 2 (2024): 175–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v28n2.112936.

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Ground penetrating radar is a high-resolution, efficient, non-destructive geophysical detection method. It is widely used in various application scenarios such as tunnel geological prediction and road maintenance. Ground penetrating radar data contains a variety of valid signals as well as noise. The diffracted waves of ground penetrating radar contain high-resolution small target imaging information. A critical challenge in GPR applications is how to extract diffracted waves from the wave fields. We provide a strategy to achieve this goal by applying the masking filters. Considering the compl

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Godin, Oleg A., and Iosif M. Fuks. "Transmission of acoustic-gravity waves through gas–liquid interfaces." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 709 (August 10, 2012): 313–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.336.

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AbstractIt was demonstrated recently that gas–liquid interfaces, which are usually almost perfect reflectors of acoustic waves, become anomalously transparent, and the power flux in the wave transmitted into the gas increases dramatically, when a compact sound source in the liquid approaches the interface within a fraction of the wavelength (Godin, Phys. Rev. Lett., vol. 97, 2006b, 164301). Powerful underwater explosions and certain natural sources, such as underwater landslides, generate very low-frequency waves in water and air, for which fluid buoyancy and compressibility simultaneously ser

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Paul, Anne, and Michel Campillo. "Diffraction and conversion of elastic waves at a corrugated interface." GEOPHYSICS 53, no. 11 (1988): 1415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.1442421.

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Numerical modeling is used to investigate the effect of small‐scale irregularities of a reflecting boundary on elastic wave reflections. The scattered wave field is computed by using a discretized form of boundary integral equations and a plane‐wave decomposition of seismic wave fields. For various values of incidence angle of the P wave, we compute the distribution of diffracted energy for both P waves and S waves as a function of reflection angle. We show that corrugations with mean wavelength of the order of, or smaller than, the seismic wavelength have little effect on the reflected P wave

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Ayzenberg, Milana A., Arkady M. Aizenberg, Hans B. Helle, Kamill D. Klem-Musatov, Jan Pajchel, and Bjørn Ursin. "3D diffraction modeling of singly scattered acoustic wavefields based on the combination of surface integral propagators and transmission operators." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 5 (2007): SM19—SM34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2757616.

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We present an improved method for modeling 3D acoustic wavefields scattered at smooth curved interfaces. The approach is based on a high-frequency approximation of surface integral propagators and a correct description of their boundary values in terms of transmission operators. The main improvement is a uniform local approximation of these operators in the form of effective reflection and transmission coefficients. We show that the effective coefficients represent a generalization of the plane-wave coefficients widely used in conventional seismic modeling, even for the case of curved reflecto

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Ertekin, R. C., and J. M. Becker. "Nonlinear Diffraction of Waves by a Submerged Shelf in Shallow Water." Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering 120, no. 4 (1998): 212–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2829542.

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The diffraction of water waves by submerged obstacles in shallow water generally requires the use of a nonlinear theory since both dispersive and nonlinear effects are important. In this work, wave diffraction is studied in a numerical wave tank using the Level I Green-Naghdi (GN) equations. Cnoidal waves are generated numerically by a wave maker situated at one end of a two-dimensional numerical wave tank. At the downwave end of the tank, an open-boundary condition is implemented to simulate a wave-absorbing beach, and thus to reduce reflections. The GN equations are solved in the time-domain

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Saito, Yuma, Hidetoshi Masukawa, and Yoshinori Takahashi. "Acoustic reflector utilizing sound speed control by multiple obstacles." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022750.

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Acoustic diffusers have a structure that diffuses sound waves in various directions by utilizing the interference of sound waves caused by surface irregularities. For example, a phase diffraction grating based on number theory has a structure with equally spaced depressions of irregular depth, and the maximum difference between the depressions is half the target wavelength. If the reflector targets 500 Hz sound waves, the thickness of at least 34 cm is required. On the other hand, the acoustic lens proposed by Kock et al. in the 1950s composed by multiple spheres or other obstacles to control

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Economou, Nikos, Antonis Vafidis, Maksim Bano, Hamdan Hamdan, and Jose Ortega-Ramirez. "Ground-penetrating radar data diffraction focusing without a velocity model." GEOPHYSICS 85, no. 3 (2020): H13—H24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/geo2019-0101.1.

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Ground-penetrating Radar (GPR) sections commonly suffer from strong scattered energy and weak reflectors with distorted lateral continuity. This is mainly due to the gradual variation of moisture with depth, dense lateral sampling of common-offset GPR traces (which are considered as zero-offset data), along with the small wavelength of the electromagnetic waves that is comparable to the size of the shallow subsurface dielectric heterogeneities. Focusing of the diffractions requires efficient migration that, in the presence of highly heterogeneous subsurface formations, can be improved by a det

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Ponomarev, O. P. "Diffraction of electromagnetic waves by concave circumferential surfaces: Application for hybrid reflector antennas." Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Sciences: Physics 72, no. 12 (2008): 1666–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3103/s1062873808120198.

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Minin, O. V., S. Zhou, P. F. Baranov, and I. V. Minin. "Diffraction-Limited Focusing of Acoustic Waves by a Mesoscopic Flat Janus Lens." JETP Letters 117, no. 10 (2023): 729–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0021364023601045.

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Anisotropic focusing by a mesoscopic (Mie size parameter of about 18) acoustic cubic lens based on V-shaped plate structures has been simulated numerically and confirmed experimentally. It has been shown for the first time that this lens with an edge dimension of about three wavelengths ensures the focusing of an acoustic wave in air into a diffraction-limited region. In the inverse geometry of the structure, the lens completely reflects the incident acoustic wave.

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Zhu, Xiaosan, and Ru-Shan Wu. "Imaging diffraction points using the local image matrices generated in prestack migration." GEOPHYSICS 75, no. 1 (2010): S1—S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.3277252.

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Energy-angle distributions in the local image matrix, which is a function of local incident and receiving angles at a subsurface point, are different for a planar reflector and a diffraction point. The former exhibits a linear distribution along a certain dip direction, whereas the latter shows a scattered distribution in the entire matrix. Therefore, the singular values of the local image matrix in the local angle domain indicate the energy distribution along different dip directions. The difference between the auto- and crosscorrelation coefficients of the sets of singular values between adj

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Fomel, Sergey, Evgeny Landa, and M. Turhan Taner. "Poststack velocity analysis by separation and imaging of seismic diffractions." GEOPHYSICS 72, no. 6 (2007): U89—U94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2781533.

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Small geologic features manifest themselves in seismic data in the form of diffracted waves, which are fundamentally different from seismic reflections. Using two field-data examples and one synthetic example, we demonstrate the possibility of separating seismic diffractions in the data and imaging them with optimally chosen migration velocities. Our criteria for separating reflection and diffraction events are the smoothness and continuity of local event slopes that correspond to reflection events. For optimal focusing, we develop the local varimax measure. The objectives of this work are vel

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Zamboni-Rached, Michel, Mariana Carolina de Assis, and Leonardo A. Ambrosio. "Diffraction-resistant scalar beams generated by a parabolic reflector and a source of spherical waves." Applied Optics 54, no. 19 (2015): 5949. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.54.005949.

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Bouyssou, Roland. "WAVE DIFFRACTION IN FRONT OF A PLANE WAVE PADDLE." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 5 (2011): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v5.18.

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In an installation specially designed for the purpose, the Laboratoire Dauphinois d'Hydraulique has, made numerous systematic measurements of the distribution of wave amplitude across the face of the paddle from which the wave originates.  It is known that a wave produced by a wave machine of finite width diffracts. At first sight, it may appear possible to compare this diffraction to that of a wave passing through a breach of the same width as the wave paddle and cut in a breakwater of infinite length.  When laying out a harbour model, it ia important to know this "dif

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Jach, T., S. M. Thurgate, Y. Zhang, et al. "Dynamical diffraction and X-ray standing waves from two-fold reflections in the quasicrystal AlPdMn." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations of Crystallography 52, a1 (1996): C376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108767396084528.

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Christopher O, Adeogun. "The Stability and Behaviour of the Superposition of Non-Linear Waves in Space." International Journal of Physics Research and Applications 6, no. 2 (2023): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.ijpra.1001075.

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The superposition of non-linear waves in space refers to the phenomenon where two or more waves overlap and combine to form a new wave pattern. Non-linear waves are characterized by their ability to interact with each other, leading to complex behaviors that are not observed in linear wave systems. Understanding the stability and behavior of the superposition of non-linear waves in space is crucial in various fields such as physics, engineering, and oceanography. When non-linear waves superpose, their interactions can lead to a range of behaviors, including wave breaking, formation of solitons

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Yalcin, Ugur, and Can Altingoz. "The Uniform Scattered Fields from a Parabolic Surface with the Boundary Diffraction Wave Theory." Photonics Letters of Poland 9, no. 4 (2017): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v9i4.753.

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The uniform scattered fields of the cylindrical wave from a parabolic surface are obtained with the theory of the boundary diffraction wave (TBDW). The non-uniform diffracted field is calculated with the regenerated vector potential and rearranged by considering the Fresnel function to obtain the uniform solution. The uniform scattered fields are calculated as the sum of the diffracted and the geometrical optic fields. The numerical analyses of the diffracted and scattered fields in both uniform and non-uniform solutions are in harmony with the literature. Full Text: PDF ReferencesBaker, B. B.

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Landa, Evgeny, Galina Reshetova, and Vladimir Tcheverda. "Modeling and Imaging of Multiscale Geological Media: Exploding Reflection Revisited." Geosciences 8, no. 12 (2018): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences8120476.

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Computation of Common Middle Point seismic sections and their subsequent time migration and diffraction imaging provides very important knowledge about the internal structure of 3D heterogeneous geological media and are key elements for successive geological interpretation. Full-scale numerical simulation, that computes all single shot seismograms, provides a full understanding of how the features of the image reflect the properties of the subsurface prototype. Unfortunately, this kind of simulations of 3D seismic surveys for realistic geological media needs huge computer resources, especially

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Marchenko, A. O., Yu A. Husak, S. V. Khamula, V. V. Voitko, A. B. Steiskal, and V. V. Kuzmenko. "Mathematical Models of Polarization Adaptive Antenna Arrays Based on First-Kind Fredholm Integral Equations." Visnyk NTUU KPI Seriia - Radiotekhnika Radioaparatobuduvannia, no. 93 (September 30, 2023): 52–57. https://doi.org/10.20535/radap.2023.93.52-57.

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Formulation of the problem in general. During radio relay communication, electromagnetic waves propagate along the earth's surface, and due to refraction, the polarization of signals can change, which leads to loss of signal power. This problematic situation can be solved by polarization adaptation of antenna systems built on the basis of lattice structures that convert signals with any polarization into a circle. Such antenna arrays are polarization-holographic antennas.Analysis of recent researches and publications. In the theory of antenna synthesis, closed translucent surfaces, methods of

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Wang, Jingjing, Lixin Guo, Yiwen Wei, Shuirong Chai, Ke Li, and Anqi Wang. "Electromagnetic Scattering Analysis of the Sea Surface with Single Breaking Waves." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2021 (November 27, 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1545031.

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A new electromagnetic (EM) scattering model of the sea surface with single breaking waves is proposed based on the high-frequency method in this paper. At first, realistic breaking wave sequences are obtained by solving the fluid equations which are simplified. Then, the rough sea surface is established using the linear filtering method. A new wave model is obtained by combining breaking waves with rough sea surface using a 3D coordinate transformation. Finally, the EM scattering features of the sea surface with breaking waves are studied by using shooting and bouncing rays and the physical th

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Шмытько, И. М., В. В. Кедров та А. С. Аронин. "Аномальная зависимость интенсивности рентгеновских рефлексов Cs-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-SO-=SUB=-4-=/SUB=- от размера и формы кристаллитов". Физика твердого тела 60, № 2 (2018): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2018.02.45397.240.

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AbstractDetailed X-ray and electron microscopy analyses of Cs_2SO_4 powders consisting of sphere- and platelike crystallites have been carried out. It is established that the intensity distributions of X-ray reflections in both cases radically differ, with the position on the diffraction-angle axis retained in accordance with the PDF-2 database. Electron microscopy microdiffraction investigations of the orientation of developed surfaces of platelike crystallites revealed four different directions; however, these directions could not provide texture amplification of a number of observed ( hkl )

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İdemen, Mithat, and Eren Erdoğan. "High-frequency surface currents induced on a spherical reflector by the edge-diffraction of obliquely incident waves." Wave Motion 24, no. 4 (1996): 395–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-2125(96)00027-3.

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Brandão, Eric, and Efren Fernandez-Grande. "Analysis of the sound field above finite absorbers in the wave-number domain." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 151, no. 5 (2022): 3019–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0010355.

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This study examines the edge diffraction effect when a sound wave impinges and reflects off finite porous absorbers, flush-mounted in an infinite hard baffle. A theoretical analysis of the diffraction is given by taking a two-dimensional spatial Fourier transform of a plane wave impinging on a finite absorber. Numerical experiments are also presented to simulate the sound field above infinite and finite locally reactive absorbers and the measurement with an array of pressure sensors. In such cases, a regularized solution is used to separate the incident and reflected plane wave components, in

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Isaacson, Michael, Enda O'Sullivan, and John Baldwin. "Reflection effects on wave field within a harbour." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 20, no. 3 (1993): 386–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l93-054.

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The present paper outlines a numerical model for predicting the wave field in a harbour with partially reflecting boundaries, and describes laboratory tests undertaken to assess the model. The numerical model is based on linear diffraction theory and involves the application of a partial reflection boundary condition. By utilizing a wave doublet representation of the fluid boundaries instead of the usual wave source representation, the extension is made to general harbour configurations that include breakwaters. Numerical results are compared with known solutions for specific reference configu

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Liu, Bin, Li Yang, Jiangxin Chen, Leonardo Azevedo, and Tonggang Han. "Seismic Diffraction Analysis of a Fluid Escape Pipe beneath the Submarine Gas Bubble Plume in the Haima Cold Seep Area." Geofluids 2021 (December 11, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9945548.

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Pipe structures are considered as fluid conduits beneath cold seeps. These structures have been observed in many geological settings and are widely accepted as the most critical pathway for fluid migration. One of such pipe structures in the Haima cold seep region is investigated herein. The pipe structure extends from below the BSR and reaches the seafloor. It is characterized by a string of events with short and strong seismic amplitudes, similar to the string of bead reflections (SBRs) associated with small-scale caves in carbonate reservoirs. This leads to the hypothesis that multiple smal

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Wang, Gang. "Research Status and Progress of Multiples Suppression Based on Radon Transform." International Journal of Energy 2, no. 2 (2023): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ije.v2i2.7774.

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The existence of multiple waves in seismic data has a substantial impact on earthquake imaging, inversion, and interpretation results. As a result, multiples are often suppressed as noise prior to seismic data preattack processing. Currently, there are two primary methods for suppressing multiple reflections in seismic data. One is a filtering technique based on geometric differences in the seismic waves, while the other is based on wave equation methods. The Radon transform, which suppresses multiple reflections, belongs to the class of geometric seismic diffraction filtering techniques. In t

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Samson, C., and G. F. West. "Crustal structure of the Midcontinent rift system in eastern Lake Superior from controlled-amplitude analysis of GLIMPCE deep reflection seismic data." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 29, no. 4 (1992): 636–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e92-055.

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The reprocessing of line F of the GLIMPCE deep marine reflection seismic survey according to controlled-amplitude principles provides new insights on the crustal structure of the Midcontinent rift system in eastern Lake Superior. The insertion of refraction static corrections in the processing sequence was crucial to recover the lateral continuity and amplitude strength of reflectors under rough lake-bottom topography. Coherent noise consisting mainly of waves scattered by irregularities on die lake bottom and first-order water reverberations was best attenuated by use of multiple passes of ve

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Ge, Daohan, Yujie Zhou, Mengcheng Lv, et al. "High-sensitivity Bloch surface wave sensor with Fano resonance in grating-coupled multilayer structures." Chinese Physics B 31, no. 4 (2022): 044102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac2e60.

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A new type of device consisting of a lithium niobate film coupled with a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) was theoretically proposed to explore and release Bloch surface waves for applications in sensing and detection. The film and grating made of lithium niobate (LiNbO3) were placed on both sides of the DBR and a concentrated electromagnetic field was formed at the film layer. By adjusting the spatial incidence angle of the incident light, two detection and analysis modes were obtained, including surface diffraction detection and guided Bloch detection. Surface diffraction detection was used

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LARCADE, Clément, Charles CROëNNE, Monique POUILLE-FAVRE, Laetitia ROUX, and Anne-Christine HLADKY. "Characterisation of metamaterials for underwater acoustics using the 5-point method." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 9 (2024): 2975–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_3258.

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The characterization of metamaterials by measurement is essential to reveal the true efficiency of a material's reflection and transmission in water. The current 3-point method developed by L. Roux et al, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 147, 2 (2020) 1104-1112 provides important advantages, such as consideration of the pressure field diffracted by the edges of the panel and late reflections, due respectively to the finite size of the panel and the water tank. However, this method only considers specularly reflected and transmitted waves. For metamaterial panels based on periodic arrays of macro-inclusions

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Graetsch, Heribert A. "Modulated crystal structure of incommensurate low tridymite." Acta Crystallographica Section B Structural Science 65, no. 5 (2009): 543–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0108768109029127.

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The incommensurately modulated crystal structure of low SiO2 tridymite was refined based on single-crystal X-ray diffraction data in the superspace group Cc(α0γ)0. The data set consists of 885 main reflections, 1751 first-order, 924 second-order and 119 third-order satellite reflections with I > 3σ(I). The modulation is mainly made up from cooperative twistings of the rigid SiO4 tetrahedra. Two orders of displacement waves are used to describe the modulation of the Si atoms and three orders for the O atoms. The maximal amplitudes are ca 0.6 Å. O atoms bridging pairs of tetrahedra in cis and

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Pardo-Quiles, Domingo, Ignacio Rodríguez-Rodríguez, and José-Víctor Rodríguez. "Design of Optimal Sound Absorbers Using Acoustic Diffusers for Multipurpose Auditoriums." Acoustics 6, no. 1 (2024): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/acoustics6010012.

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The main goal of this research was to design and study the best structure, location, and shape of acoustic diffusers to be fitted on the ceilings of multipurpose auditoriums. Their absorbing properties can enhance the acoustics when installed on high ceilings, and behind suspended reflecting panels, by mitigating or nullifying specular reflections that could overcome the panels and, thus, avoiding time delay gaps exceeding 30–40 ms compared with the direct sound. For this purpose, a typical medium-sized room, with inclined floors, a stage, and 20 rows of seats, was considered. The allocation a

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Iversen, Einar, and Martin Tygel. "Image-ray tracing for joint 3D seismic velocity estimation and time-to-depth conversion." GEOPHYSICS 73, no. 3 (2008): S99—S114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/1.2907736.

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Seismic time migration is known for its ability to generate well-focused and interpretable images, based on a velocity field specified in the time domain. A fundamental requirement of this time-migration velocity field is that lateral variations are small. In the case of 3D time migration for symmetric elementary waves (e.g., primary PP reflections/diffractions, for which the incident and departing elementary waves at the reflection/diffraction point are pressure [P] waves), the time-migration velocity is a function depending on four variables: three coordinates specifying a trace point locati

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Ghanem, Mohamed A., Adam D. Maxwell, Diane Dalecki, Oleg A. Sapozhnikov, and Michael R. Bailey. "Phase holograms for the three-dimensional patterning of microparticles in a traveling wave field." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (2023): A328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0023694.

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Acoustic fields can generate radiation forces that can align particles in patterns. Forces from standing waves pattern particles in three dimensions (3-D) at either nodal or anti-nodal regions. These patterns can be utilized to form 3-D microstructures for applications in tissue engineering or fabrication of layered materials. However, standing waves require more than one transducer or a reflector, which can complicate implementation. Here, we developed a method to suspend and align microspheres using a traveling wave from a single transducer. Acoustic fields were shaped to align polyethylene

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