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Journal articles on the topic 'The Duke of Silesia'

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Published: 24 April 2022

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1

Szymański, Jarosław. "The oldest gold mining law in Silesia." Studenckie Prace Prawnicze, Administratywistyczne i Ekonomiczne 35 (June 11, 2021): 333–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/1733-5779.35.21.

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In Silesia, the beginnings of gold mining date back to the turn of the 12th and 13th centuries. The first attempt to legally regulate gold mining was the short mining act found in the municipal book of Lwówek Śląski, dated to the first half of the 13th century. In 1342 Dukes of Legnica, Wenceslaus I and Louis I, issued such a law for Złotoryja. These legal acts, particularly the one of Złotoryja, are the most important regulations regarding the medieval gold mining in Silesia. They relied on the local traditions and experiences; therefore, they feature no borrowings from the Czech or Saxon mining legislation. This can be explained with the “ancient” tradition of gold mining in the area of Złotoryja and Legnica, which allowed for development and establishment of native legal solutions. By ordering to write down such local rules, the dukes confirmed the individual mining traditions of their duchies, which was favourable from their perspective because the tradition pointed to exclusive right of the duke, without accounting for mining local governing bodies. This article presents the oldest legislation regulating gold mining in Silesia. It provides the Polish translation of the laws of Lwówek and Złotoryja, and discusses major rules in comparison to analogical legislation functioning in Bohemia.
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2

Ptak, Marian J. "Zjazdy książąt śląskich w 1331 roku." Prawo 324 (December 31, 2017): 67–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.324.4.

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Congresses of Silesian dukes of 1331 1331 was marked by four congresses of Silesian dukes, all featuring the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg. The first two were closely linked to John’s planned military expedition against Ladislaus the Elbow-High of Poland. The participants of the congress held be­tween 25 and 30 September in Wrocław included the now vassal dukes of Wrocław and Głogów. It was followed by another congress, convened between 1 and 2 October in Głogów and featuring more or less the same participants, during which John of Ścinawa renounced his rights to Głogów, which was a dower dotalicium, Leibgedinge of Constance, the Duke of Głogów’s widow, in fa­vour of the Bohemian king. This created a legal basis for seizing full ducal power over the duchy and combining it with the Duchy of Wrocław he was to inherit after the death of Duke Henry VI 1335. After his failure in the war against Ladislaus the Elbow-High, John of Luxembourg again came to Wrocław and during another congress, on 19 October, featuring the same dukes, he issued several documents with privileges for the city of Wrocław and Wrocław burghers. On the same day Boleslaus of Legnica gave the king Niemcza castle, town and district as a pledge, for a long time in possession of the independent Duke of Świdnica, Bolko, who opposed John of Luxembourg’s policy in Poland and Silesia. The last congress of Silesian dukes that year was held on 13 December in Prague. It featured nine Silesian dukes from the House of Piast and the Bishop of Wrocław. Those absent were the Dukes of Świdnica and Jawor as well as most dukes from Upper Silesia, with the exception of Ladislaus of Bytom and Bolko of Niemodlin. The congress is confirmed by just one document, which refers to the granting of the Duchy of Legnica, to be held jointly in fee investitura simultanea, Gesamtbelehnung, to Duke Boleslaus and his two sons in a compromise between the Polish ducal law and German feudatory law.Die Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge im Jahre 1331Im Jahre 1331 fanden vier Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge, alle unter Beteiligung von Johann von Luxemburg, dem König von Böhmen und Polen, statt. Die beiden ersten standen in strikter Verbindung mit dem von Johann gegen Władysław I. Ellenlang geplanten Kriegsfeldzug. In den Tagen des 25.–30. September fand die Zusammenkunft in Breslau statt, an der die bereits vasalisierten Herzöge der Linie Breslau und Glogau teilnahmen. An zwei folgenden Tagen, dem 1. und 2. Oktober fand die Zusammenkunft in Glogau in änhnlicher Zusammensetzung statt, an der Johann von Steinau auf die Erbrechte auf das Glogauer Land, das eine Mitgift dotalicium, Leibgedinge der Witwe Konstanze nach dem Glogauer Herzog darstellte, zugunsten des böhmischen Königs verzichtet hat. Dies gab ihm das Recht, dort die volle herzogliche Macht zu übernehmen und das Land mit dem Breslauer Herzogtum zu verbinden, das nach dem Tode des Herzogs Heinrich VI. 1335 an ihn fallen sollte. Nach den Mißerfolgen im Krieg mit Ellenlang erschien er wiederum in Breslau und an der folgenden Zusammenkunft am 19. Oktober unter Beteiligung von denselben Herzögen, stellte er mehrere Dokumente mit Privilegien für die Stadt Breslau und die Breslauer Bürger aus. An demselben Tage überließ Bolesław von Liegnitz dem König Nimptsch Schloß, Stadt und District als Pfand, der schon lange im Besitz des nicht vasalisierten Herzogs Bolko von Schweidnitz stand, der gegen die polnische und schlesische Politik des Luxemburgers war. Die letzte Zusammenkunft der schlesischen Herzöge in diesem Jahr fand am 13. Dezember in Prag statt. Beteiligt waren an ihr neun Herzöge der Piastendynastie aus Schlesien und der Breslauer Bischof. Abwesend waren die Herzöge der Linie Schweidnitz-Jauer und die meisten Oppelner Herzöge mit der Ausnahme des Władysław von Beuthen und des Bolko von Falkenberg. Ihr Stattfinden wird in nur einem Dokument bestätigt, welches die Belehnung des Fürstentums Liegnitz als Gesamtlehn, d. h. der gesamten Hand investitura simultanea, Gesamtlehn an den Herzog Bolesław und seine zwei Söhne feststellt, das ein Kompromiss zwischen dem polnischen herzoglichen Recht und dem deutschen Lehnrecht darstellte.
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3

Ptak, Marian J. "Zjazdy książąt i stanów Śląska w latach 1332–1335." Prawo 325 (December 31, 2018): 73–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.325.3.

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Congresses of Silesian dukes and estates in 1332–1335 In the study the author presents the results of his search for traces of collective political activity of Silesian dukes and estates in 1332–1335, which have been largely omitted from the existing literature on the subject. The author has managed to confirm or at least demonstrate the likelihood that congresses did take place every year in the period in question, with the exception of 1335. There were three types of congresses: of dukes, landed gentry from a given district weichbild and towns from a given principality. Worthy of note is the fact that the congresses were held mainly in Silesia proper, that is in Lower Silesia, as the region would later come to be called.Zusammenkünfte der Fürsten und Stände in den Jahren 1332–1335Diese Bearbeitung präsentiert die Resultate der Suche nach Spuren gemeinschaftlicher politischer Aktivität der Fürsten und Stände Schlesiens in den Jahren 1332–1335, die in der bisherigen Fachliteratur am häufigsten übersehen werden. Es gelang festzustellen oder wenigstens ihre Abhaltung in jedem dieser Jahre, mit Ausnahme des Jahres 1335, wahrscheinlich zu machen. Es gab drei Arten der Zusammenkünfte: der Fürsten, der Gutsbesitzer eines bestimmten Distriktes Weichbildes sowie der Städte eines konkreten Fürstentums. Die Aufmerksamkeit weckt ihre Abhaltung hauptsächlich im eigentlichen Schlesien, also nach der späteren Nomenklatur in Niederschlesien.
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4

Górecki, Piotr. "Ad Controversiam Reprimendam: Family Groups and Dispute Prevention in Medieval Poland, c. 1200." Law and History Review 14, no. 2 (1996): 213–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/743784.

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Shortly after the beginning of his reign in 1201, Duke Henry I the Bearded of Silesia confirmed the past acquisitions of two major Cistercian monasteries in his province—the houses of Lubiąż and Trzebnica—with three long charters in which he described and explained the past transfers of individual holdings to the abbeys, clarified doubts and controversies about them, and added endowment to the estates of each monastery. Both communities were endowed with wealthy areas of settlement and revenue that had prior to the creation of their estates been held under knightly, ducal, and ecclesiastical lordship.
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5

Kozák, Petr. "Nápoje na dvorech králů a knížat z dynastie Jagellonců konce 15. a počátku 16. století." Historica. Revue pro historii a příbuzné vědy 12, no. 2 (December 2021): 151–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15452/historica.2021.12.0007.

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This study presents an analytical probe into the field of beverage culture as it was cultivated in the late 15th and early 16th century at the courts of the descendants of the Polish‑Lithuanian ruler Casimir IV († 1492) of the Jagiellonian dynasty: the Czech and Hungarian king Vladislaus († 1516), his son, the Czech and Hungarian king Louis († 1526), and then his brothers, the Polish king John Albert († 1501), the grand duke of Lithuania and later also the Polish king Alexander († 1506) and the future Polish‑Lithuanian ruler (the then Duke of Opava and Głogów and the governor of Silesia and Lusatia) Sigismund († 1548). The starting point of the research was a comprehensive analysis of rare, preserved account books kept at the courts of these monarchs. This study describes the various types of beverages consumed (especially wine and beer) both in the social and geographic context. In addition, it also includes the sphere of consumers‘ taste preferences.
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Ptak, Marian J. "Rok 1338 w ustrojowo-prawnych dziejach Śląska." Prawo 330 (November 9, 2020): 11–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.330.1.

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The year 1338 in the political and legal history of Silesia The article is an attempt to examine the political and legal events in Silesia in 1338, usually left out of analyses because of their authors’ concentration on the previous year. The present author tackles the problem of vassal dukes of Głogów, their fi ght for the Duchy of Głogów, political activity of free dukes in the Duchy of Świdnica and Jawor, union of the Duchies of Opava and Racibórz as well as royal territories in Silesia and their system of governance. Das Jahr 1338 in der staatsrechtlichen Geschichte SchlesiensDie Bearbeitung ist ein Versuch, sich mit den staatsrechtlichen Geschehnissen im Jahr 1338 in Schlesien zu befassen, die in der Regel außerhalb des Interessenbereiches der bisherigen Autoren blieben, da sie sich des Öfteren auf das vergangene Jahr konzentrierten. Sie wurde dem Problem der Glogauer Lehenfürsten und ihrem Kampf um das Fürstentum Glogau, der politischen Aktivität der freien Fürsten im Herzogtum Schweidnitz und Jauer, der Union der Troppauer und Ratiborer Herzöge sowie der königlichen Territorien in Schlesien und dem System ihrer Verwaltung gewidmet.
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7

Nowakowski, Dominik. "Siedziby pańskie na Śląsku w świetle źródeł pisanych. Studium nad średniowieczną nomenklaturą." Przegląd Archeologiczny 69 (September 3, 2021): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2096.

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The subject of this study is the nomenclature used in medieval written sources for small feudal residences. The majority of them are private foundations of vassals to the duke, i.e., knights and citizens of Wroclaw. A few examples are seats of village administrators, as well as rural mansions of knightly orders. Also examined are smaller objects (most having special functions) built by territorial rulers – namely, Silesian dukes and bishops of Wrocław. These objects were clearly different in their scale from the stately brick castles that played the role of princely residences or were otherwise part of the country’s administrative structure. In light of the materials collected, small feudal residences were mentioned in medieval Silesian written sources as: curia/Hof, curia habitationis, curia murata/gemauerte Hof, castrum/Burg/Haus, fortalicium/Feste, propugnaculum/Bergfried, turris/Turm, Gesesse, Sitz, Rittersitz.
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8

Nowakowski, Dominik. "Siedziby pańskie na Śląsku w świetle źródeł pisanych. Studium nad średniowieczną nomenklaturą." Przegląd Archeologiczny 69 (September 3, 2021): 191–220. http://dx.doi.org/10.23858/pa69.2021.2096.

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The subject of this study is the nomenclature used in medieval written sources for small feudal residences. The majority of them are private foundations of vassals to the duke, i.e., knights and citizens of Wroclaw. A few examples are seats of village administrators, as well as rural mansions of knightly orders. Also examined are smaller objects (most having special functions) built by territorial rulers – namely, Silesian dukes and bishops of Wrocław. These objects were clearly different in their scale from the stately brick castles that played the role of princely residences or were otherwise part of the country’s administrative structure. In light of the materials collected, small feudal residences were mentioned in medieval Silesian written sources as: curia/Hof, curia habitationis, curia murata/gemauerte Hof, castrum/Burg/Haus, fortalicium/Feste, propugnaculum/Bergfried, turris/Turm, Gesesse, Sitz, Rittersitz.
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9

Przybył, Maciej. "POLITYKA PIASTÓW ŚLĄSKICH I WIELKOPO LSKICH WOBEC TEMPLARIUSZY NAD ŚRODKOWĄ ODRĄ I DOLNĄ WARTĄ W XIII WIEKU." Slavia Antiqua. Rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim, no. 62 (November 8, 2021): 329–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/sa.2021.62.14.

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This article revolves around patrimonies for the Templars on the borders of Lubusz, Wielkopolska and Pomerania regions. The author presents the course of these patrimonies in a context of the political actions on the part of Piast dukes in Silesia and Wielkopolska. The article consists of three parts: the first of them presents the invitation of the Templars to Poland, with the (nearly concurrent) contribution made in the third decade of the 13th century by Henry I Bearded and Władysław Odonic. Part two is dedicated to the controversial patrimony of Chwarszczany on the Myśla, the biggest Templars’ commandery on the central Oder and the lower Warta and Wielka Wieś – a dominion located on the Lubusz and Wielkopolska border. In the last part, attention has been drawn to the subsequent patrimonies for the Templars in the area in question from 1234-1261.
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Dulias, Renata. "The disappearance of inland dunes landscape – a case study from southern Poland." Environmental & Socio-economic Studies 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/environ-2021-0012.

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Abstract The paper presents changes in the landscape of inland dunes in one of the basins in the eastern part of Silesian Upland. Based on the analysis of archival maps and historical sources, the former dune landscape of Dąbrowa Basin was reconstructed. The current state of its preservation was determined based on contemporary cartographic materials and field research. It was established that the dunes occur on the floodplain, under-slope flattening, and cuesta escarpment (Ząbkowice Hummock)). The source of aeolian sands was fluvioglacial and alluvial deposits, which, as a result of aeolian transport, were moved to higher and higher morphological levels and stabilized on a substrate of different lithology and age. The impermeability of the bedrock – tills, clays, mudstones, siltstones had a significant influence on the dune landscape. It resulted in the presence of wetlands and peat bogs in the vicinity of most dunes. Consequently, the landscape of the valley was distinguished by a lot of contrast in terms of vegetation - dry pine forests or grassy areas on the dunes and moisture-loving vegetation in their surroundings. However, this landscape was under strong human pressure. Most of the dunes (3/4) have been destroyed in the last hundred years due to sand mining and industrial and residential construction. One of the largest dune fields in the Przemsza River basin and most floodplain and under-slope flattening dunes were utterly destroyed. In addition, an interesting dune at Triassic clays was almost fully exploited, and a rare case on the Silesian Upland where a dune entered the Triassic limestones was partially covered with concrete. There are only 25 dunes in the study area - they deserve protection both as the last fragments of the inland dunes landscape in this part of the Silesian Upland and for historical and natural reasons.
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Wyderka, Bogusław. "O stosunkach językowych na Śląsku." Białostockie Archiwum Językowe, no. 5 (2005): 181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/baj.2005.05.13.

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The author presents a very interesting and complex linguistic situation in Silesia, revealing its linguistic and non-linguistic causes, such as people’s migrations, German language influence, and general Polish and folk Polish speech impact. Taking the most important Silesian linguistic features into consideration, he distinguishes five regions of distinctly formed communication systems: Lower Silesia, Opole Silesia, Upper Silesia, Cieszyn Silesia and Zaolzie.
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12

Sołdra-Gwiżdż, Teresa. "„Los granicznej krainy”. Śląsk Cieszyński w socjologicznej refleksji Jana Szczepańskiego." Górnośląskie Studia Socjologiczne. Seria Nowa 12 (December 31, 2021): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/gss_sn.2021.12.12.

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The article is an attempt to reconstruct the image of Cieszyn Silesia contained in the works of Jan Szczepański. The author presents the most important elements of the image of Silesia (the Polish part of Silesia, i.e. the Silesian Voivodeship at that time) drawn by Szczepański in the interwar period, and the image of Cieszyn Silesia in the post-war period. In his opinion, the essence of Silesian reality is conflict and struggle. Treating Cieszyn Silesia as a borderland area with a strongly outlined cultural, religious (Protestant) and aesthetic distinctiveness, he argues about its Polishness, emphasizing that it is a misunderstood region in Poland. The author believes that in Jan Szczepański’s deliberations on Cieszyn Silesia, it is not possible to identify a clear “thinking style”, while Szczepański’s way of thinking about Cieszyn Silesia, despite its fragmentary nature and many understatements, is part of the two most important research paradigms identified in the sociology of Silesia: borderland and multiculturalism.
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Gębołyś, Zdzisław. "Cieszyńskie bibliografie terytorialne od końca wieku XIX do początku wieku XXI." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 11 (December 29, 2017): 333–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2017.42.

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The paper will present the most important accomplishments on the field of documentation and registering of literature from Cieszyn Silesia, firstly bibliographical lists, which were prepared in 19th century to 20th century. Next I would like to describe collective (teamwork) bibliographies, Polish, Czech and German, which register literature from Cieszyn Silesia. Registration of publishing production from Cieszyn Silesia will be showed within the context of complicated and various political, economical an cultural conditions. Critical review of literature revevals the need of registering prints from Cieszyn Silesia. Polish and Czech activities in this field are will be discussed, as well as planned ones concerning a complete database of Cieszyn Silesia publishing production.
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Ptak, Marian J. "Zjazd książąt śląskich z 1329 roku." Prawo 321 (December 31, 2016): 115–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0524-4544.321.5.

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The Congress of Silesian dukes of 1329The study examines documents which originated in connection with avisit by the King of Bohemia and Poland, John of Luxembourg, to Wrocław in April and May 1329. So far scholars have pointed primarily to the reduction to vassalage of successive Silesian dukes from the Wroclaw line Bolesław III of Legnica and Brzeg and Głogów line Henry of Żagań, Conrad of Oleśnica and John of Ścinawa. They have stressed the pressure exerted by the Bohemian king, which the various dukes were unable to withstand. The author has attempted to take acloser look at the contents of the extant documents, particularly vassalage documents. They show that the King of Bohemia convened a congress of dukes to Wrocław, during which matters of vassalage were negotiated not only for individuals but also for the various lines. The negotiations featured atwo-person ducal deputation acting as acourt of arbitration. The documents list the dukes’ rights and freedoms with regard to the territories they governed and people settled there as well as the rights of the Bohemian king as the feudal lord. They also regulated the question of mutual relations between the dukes in property and other matters. Consequently, they should be viewed as the first written legislative acts fundamental and constitutional in nature, both in the various duchies and in their association referred to as the Duchy of Upper and Lower Silesia.Zusammenkünfte der schlesischen Herzöge aus dem Jahre 1329Zum Gegenstand der Bearbeitung wurden Dokumente, die im Zusammenhang mit dem Aufenthalt des Königs von Böhmen und Polen, des Johann von Luxemburg im April und Mai 1329 in Breslau entstanden sind. In der bisherigen Literatur wird vor allem auf die Vasalisierung weiterer schlesischer Herzöge der Breslauer Boleslaus 3. von Liegnitz und Brieg und Glogauer Heinrich v. Sagan, Konrad v. Oels und Jan v. Scinawa Linie hingewiesen. Hervorgehoben wurde dabei der durch den böhmischen König ausgeübte Druck, dem die einzelnen Herzöge sich nicht widersetzen konnten. Der Verfasser sah in die erhaltenen Dokumente ein und schenkte seine besondere Aufmerksamkeit den Lehensdokumenten. Aus diesen ergibt sich, dass der böhmische König die Zusammenkunft der Herzöge in Breslau einberufen hat, wo man die Angelegenheiten der Lehensverhältnisse nicht nur individuell, sondern auch gruppenweise verhandelte, im Rahmen einzelner Linien unter Beteiligung einer Zweipersonendeputation des Herzogs, die die Funktion eines Schiedsgerichtes erfüllte. In den Lehensdokumenten wurden die bisherigen Rechte und Freiheiten der Herzöge in Bezug auf die ihnen unterliegenden Gebiete und die dort ansässige Bevölkerung sowie die Rechte des böhmischen Königs als den Senior genannt. Sie regelten auch die gegenseitigen vermögensrechtlichen und sonstigen Verhältnisse zwischen den Herzögen. Folglich sind diese Dokumente als erste Rechtsakten eines fundamentalen und verfassungsrechtlichen Charakters anzusehen und das sowohl in den einzelnen Herzogtümern, als auch in ihrer Verbindung, für die der Name Herzogtum Ober- und Niederschlesien gängig ist.
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Hudeček, Jiří J. "Historical record of Richard’s Pipit (Anthus richardi) on the territory of Upper Silesia." Acta Musei Silesiae, Scientiae Naturales 66, no. 2 (November 1, 2017): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cszma-2017-0021.

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Abstract Historical ornithological literature contains so far scientifically underused data. In 1885 Richard's Pipit, Anthus richardi Vieillot, 1818, was found in the surroudings of Cieszyn in Upper Silesia, today's Poland. This species had not been known either in Upper Silesia or Silesia.
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Dutka, Elżbieta. "Melancholy Landscapes of Silesia." Białostockie Studia Literaturoznawcze, no. 3 (2012): 79–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/bsl.2012.03.06.

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17

Shantz, Douglas H., Horst Weigelt, and Peter C. Erb. "The Schwenckfelders in Silesia." Sixteenth Century Journal 19, no. 2 (1988): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2540443.

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18

Czok, Monika. "Brücke, Grenzstein, Smaragd… Metaphorische Darstellungen Schlesiens und seiner Bewohner." Germanistische Beiträge 46, no. 1 (November 1, 2020): 203–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gb-2020-0010.

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Abstract The article shows a metaphoric portrayal of the Silesia region. The author analyses metaphors which are being used to describe and characterize this region, namely Silesia as a bridge, a boundary stone, a pear tree, a smaragd and other figures. The analysis shows that the metaphors express the multicultural character of Silesia. They are predominantly very positive assessed. Furthermore, the author analyses metaphors which are being used to characterize the inhabitants of Silesia. The analysis shows that this metaphors express a positive as well as a critical perception of this population.
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Wytyczak, Roman. "Usage of the Atlas of Silesia from 1752 in European cartographic publications." Polish Cartographical Review 50, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/pcr-2018-0001.

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Abstract The author discusses adaptations of maps from the Atlas of Silesia published by European cartographers in more important atlases and multi-sheet maps from the second half of the 18th and early 19th century. Thanks to such adaptations the cartographic image of Silesia could be observed far beyond its borders. Its quality varied, however, both in planimetric contents and in relief. While situation was mostly represented rather correctly in relation to the maps from the Atlas of Silesia, presentation of orography largely differed from the original as well as from its real character. Even application of three methods of relief presentation on a single map did not bring on proper results, mainly due to the fact that the authors of adaptations did not know Silesia.
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20

Siwek, Tadeusz, and Jaromír Kaňok. "Mapping Silesian Identity in Czechia." Geografie 105, no. 2 (2000): 190–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie2000105020190.

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The aim of the article is to investigate the degree of regional identity among inhabitants of the historical Czech land Silesia, to compare it with the available census data and to draw a cognitive map of Czech Silesia, that means mapping how Silesians themselves imagine their region. A general mental map of Silesia was drawn on the basis of individual respondents' maps. The map shows the core, domain and peripheral areas of the Czech Silesia in the minds of its inhabitants. This method was combined with interviews aimed at establishing respondents' sense of regional identity. The sense of Silesian identity is relatively strong among elderly people. It is quite weak among the young and - surprisingly - among the educated people. As every regionally based sentiment, Silesian identity is confronted with forces of globalisation now.
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21

Mlcoch, Svatomir. "Silesia and the Black Triangle." Review of European Community and International Environmental Law 2, no. 1 (March 1993): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9388.1993.tb00093.x.

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Szczurek-Boruta, Alina. "Intercultural Education in Cieszyn Silesia." American Journal of Educational Research 2, no. 3 (March 9, 2014): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12691/education-2-3-8.

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Bortliczek, Małgorzata. "Śląsk Cieszyński w refleksjach humanistów – poszukiwanie klucza do zrozumienia narracji o przygranicznym mikroświecie." Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza 26, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 41–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/pspsj.2019.26.2.3.

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Searching for metaphors that allow us to understand the linguistic picture of Cieszyn Silesia and their residents, I refer to the anthology of conversations experienced by people with authority. The conversations influence the change and development of Cieszyn’s microcommunity and borderland (microworld). I analyse the language (common words, terms, names, and especially metaphors). The work includes three parts: the picture of space in metaphors, man in the space of Cieszyn Silesia (truths and myths) and names and brand names in the local microworld. I reach the conclusion that the metaphors describing the local community, one the one hand, grow it on tradition, culture and history and, on the other hand, express the current observations, for example about Cieszyn Silesia and its esotericism. The phenomenon of esotericism serves people’s judgment (as it is stated by some interlocutors) and sustains the opposition: autochthons are from here while strangers are not. The architectural icons of Cieszyn Silesia (for example Rotunda, Piast’s Tower) coexist with, e.g. the local taste (for example, Cieszyn cookies). Out of concern for Cieszyn Silesia identity, the knowledge about the borderland microworld should consciously be passed on from generation to generation.
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Kowalska, Anna. "“SILESIA ANTIQUA” JOURNAL – THE 50TH ANNIVERSARY ISSUE." Muzealnictwo 58, no. 1 (August 12, 2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0010.3025.

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The museum and archaeology journal “Silesia Antiqua” is an annual publication by the Archaeological Museum in Wrocław, which was established in the 1950s. A 50th-anniversary issue was published in 2016, and in line with the convention adopted since the journal’s very inception, it is divided thematically. The most extensive article is devoted to the results of archaeological research and research methods. The history of the archaeology of Silesia, the analysis of archives, and the description of the archaeological and exhibition activity of the museum in Wrocław and similar smaller establishments in Silesia also occupies a lot of space. “Silesia Antiqua” is one of the journals which has not changed the standards it set for itself 60 years ago. The consistent graphics and the layout of regular columns, as well as the high academic level of its contents, testify to that.
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Rusak, Zbigniew. "Producers and carriers in Silesia Communication 2017." AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 18, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2017.015.

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On 26 and 27 April 2017, at the Silesia Expo exhibition grounds in Sosnowiec, the ninth edition of Silesia Transport fairs took place, devoted to public transport and municipal logistics, organized jointly with KZKGOP and the largest operators of the Silesian-Dąbrowa Basin.
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Szajnowska-Wysocka, Alicja, and Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko. "The Upper-Silesian conurbation on the path towards the “Silesia” metropolis." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 21, no. 21 (September 1, 2013): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/bog-2013-0025.

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Abstract In its methodological context, the article, expands on the idea of the organization of the “Silesia” superstructure. The idea of establishing a common urban organism emerged with the local governments of the Upper Silesian conurbation cities and was dictated by the need to find a way to change the traditional image of the Silesian region and its post-industrial role in the economic space of the country, as well as Europe. Therefore, in 2009, the Metropolitan Association of Upper- Silesia, an association for the initial institutionalization of “Silesia”, was registered, because “Silesia” does not hold any administrative or legal force. Such an organizational “revolution” of the Upper Silesian conurbation initiated a wide social debate, in which the arguments of both supporters and opponents of such an enterprise in the Silesian region became apparent, together with misunderstandings related to the term “metropolis”, and the idea of establishing “Silesia”. Representatives of local governments chose the more prestigious term “metropolis” as if a complex metropolisation had taken place in the Upper Silesian conurbation. It would be adequate, however, to look only for the first features of metropolitan functions in this de-industrialized and restructured region, which are going to shape the longlasting metropolisation process under the influence of globalisation.
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Stebel, Adam. "Interesting records of bryophytes from Silesia Province (Poland)." Casopis slezského zemského muzea (A) 60, no. 2 (January 1, 2011): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10210-011-0013-8.

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Interesting records of bryophytes from Silesia Province (Poland) Distributional data for 22 rare bryophytes from Silesia Province are provided. The most interesting plants include Acaulon muticum (Hedw.) Müll. Hall., Helodium blandowii (F. Weber & D. Mohr) Warnst., Hygroamblystegium tenax (Hedw.) Jenn. and Orthotrichum patens Brid.
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Łach, Janusz, Alicja Krzemińska, Krzysztof Widawski, and Anna Zaręba. "The role of the Protestant legacy in shaping Lower Silesian cultural heritage as exemplified by the refuge church in Borek Strzeliński (Großburg)." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 10, no. 1 (2022): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2022.10.1.4.

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Protestant refuge churches were built in Silesian Protestant principalities, and in the borderline areas of Saxony, Brandenburg and Poland before the end of Thirty Years’ War and the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. In the most part, the churches were erected by means of adapting Catholic churches to the needs of Protestant believers, e.g. by building emporas (choir galleries), a pulpit and an altar inside the church. The acquisition of churches in Silesia was peaceful, without any violence almost everywhere, and it was not a rare phenomenon that a single church was used by two religions at the same time. At the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 110 refugee churches in Silesia. Currently, there are no churches of this type in Lower Silesia, and their extraordinary decoration was preserved in only a few of them. The main aim is to analyse this specific, forgotten sacral Protestent heritage, i.e. refuge churches in Lower Silesia, from the historical, sociological and architectural perspective. The main objective is to focus on the historical importance of the refuge churches in Lower Silesia – restoring identity as exemplified by the church in Großburg (Polish: Borek Strzeliński), analyse the degree to which the Protestant cultural legacy was preserved in the material rural architecture of Großburg and analyse the acceptance of the Evangelical heritage in the mentality of the local community.
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Łach, Janusz, Alicja Krzemińska, Krzysztof Widawski, and Anna Zaręba. "The role of the Protestant legacy in shaping Lower Silesian cultural heritage as exemplified by the refuge church in Borek Strzeliński (Großburg)." Muzeológia a kultúrne dedičstvo 10, no. 1 (2022): 53–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46284/mkd.2021.10.1.4.

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Protestant refuge churches were built in Silesian Protestant principalities, and in the borderline areas of Saxony, Brandenburg and Poland before the end of Thirty Years’ War and the signing of the Peace of Westphalia. In the most part, the churches were erected by means of adapting Catholic churches to the needs of Protestant believers, e.g. by building emporas (choir galleries), a pulpit and an altar inside the church. The acquisition of churches in Silesia was peaceful, without any violence almost everywhere, and it was not a rare phenomenon that a single church was used by two religions at the same time. At the end of the eighteenth century, there were approximately 110 refugee churches in Silesia. Currently, there are no churches of this type in Lower Silesia, and their extraordinary decoration was preserved in only a few of them. The main aim is to analyse this specific, forgotten sacral Protestent heritage, i.e. refuge churches in Lower Silesia, from the historical, sociological and architectural perspective. The main objective is to focus on the historical importance of the refuge churches in Lower Silesia – restoring identity as exemplified by the church in Großburg (Polish: Borek Strzeliński), analyse the degree to which the Protestant cultural legacy was preserved in the material rural architecture of Großburg and analyse the acceptance of the Evangelical heritage in the mentality of the local community.
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30

Dziuba, Adam, and Sebastian Rosenbaum. "Początki ruchu komunistycznego na Górnym Śląsku (1918–1924)." Res Gestae 10 (July 27, 2020): 184–224. http://dx.doi.org/10.24917/24504475.10.13.

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The defeat of the German Empire in World War I contributed to the radicalisation of social and political sentiment in Germany. In the territory of Upper Silesia, a borderland of the German Reich, these conflicts strengthened national antagonisms. In such a situation the Communist Party of Upper Silesia was created at the end of 1918, achieving serious organisational successes and greatly influencing the attitude of a large number of industrial workers. These local communists sought to channel radical social moods into a communist revolution, but they collided with and lost to Polish and German nationalism. At the time of the decisive battle for Upper Silesia’s nationalities, the communist movement was seriously weakened and did not matter in the struggle for the future of the region. After the division of Upper Silesia in 1922, the structures of the Communist Party of Upper Silesia were incorporated on a territorial basis into the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) or the Communist Party of Poland (KPP). The communists operating in the Polish Silesia (Silesian voivodship) region managed to take advantage of mass strikes in 1923 and led to civil unrest. An attempt to escalate this tension was hindered by the pacification action carried out by state authorities. The most important activists were imprisoned and the party itself had to go underground, sharing the fate of the KPP. The communists active in the KPD also tried to lead the population of the German part of Upper Silesia into revolt but, although they were close to success several times, did not manage to channel the strike into a communist revolution. However, they remained one of the three most influential political parties in the German Upper Silesian Province.
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Avanesov, S. S. "JERUSALEM TOPIC: WESTERN SIBERIA / LOWER SILESIA." ΠΡΑΞΗMΑ. Journal of Visual Semiotics, no. 4 (2017): 65–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/2312-7899-2017-4-65-89.

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Kossowska, Maria, and Jerzy Fabiszewski. "Threatened lichens of Lower Silesia, Poland." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 73, no. 2 (2011): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2004.020.

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A preliminary red list of threatened lichens of Lower Silesia (SW Poland) is presented. Species have been valuated according to the Red Data Book Categories (IUCN). The list comprises 602 taxa (ca. 60% of the whole lichen flora of Lower Silesia). 52 species are considered as rare (category R), 84 - as vulnerable (V), and 63 species - as endangered (E). The Silesian lichen flora is characterized by great numbers of taxa with extinct (Ex -140 taxa), and indeterminate (I - 263 taxa) categories.
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Leśniewski, Peter. "The 1919 insurrection in upper Silesia." Civil Wars 4, no. 1 (March 2001): 22–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13698240108402462.

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34

Beyer, Christian. "Die Oberschlesische Kohlenkonvention – eine «kleine Familienvereinigung»?" Zeitschrift für Unternehmensgeschichte 65, no. 1 (March 4, 2020): 65–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zug-2019-0021.

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AbstractThe Upper Silesian Coal Convention – a «family affair»?This article presents new evidence on the Upper Silesian Coal Convention, a coal-mining cartel in Upper Silesia, in existence from 1898 to 1925. The cartel had evolved from collusive agreements dating back to 1890 and accounted for approximately one fourth of Germany’s coal supply. Yet, market coverage and longevity of the convention, as well as the economic importance of the Upper Silesian industrial district in general, imply that this cartel has been understated in historical research so far. Aristocratic industrialists, the leading group of entrepreneurs in Upper Silesia, shaped the formation and operation of the cartel. They induced an oligopolistic market structure and social homogeneity among cartel members that facilitated cartel formation in Upper Silesia.
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Surmik, Dawid, Sylwia Skreczko, and Mateusz Wolny. "The results of palaeontological excavations in the Sadowa Góra quarry (2012-14)." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 3, no. 1 (September 1, 2014): 91–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2014-0027.

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Abstract Palaeontological fieldwork (2012-14) in the Sadowa Góra quarry carried out under the auspices of the University of Silesia, within the framework of a research project supported by the National Science Centre, helped to document the taxonomic diversity of Middle Triassic marine vertebrates from the Cracow-Silesia region. Accumulations of fossil bones are correlated with storm deposition and are time-averaged
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36

Rożek-Piechura, Krystyna, Zofia Ignasiak, Monika Kurzaj, Teresa Sławinska, Anna Skrzek, Sławomir Kozieł, and Robert M. Malina. "Silesians in Texas and Upper Silesia: anthropometric, functional and physical activity characteristics." Anthropological Review 83, no. 3 (September 1, 2020): 261–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/anre-2020-0018.

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AbstractAnthropometric, functional and physical activity characteristics of contemporary adult descendants of Upper Silesian immigrants to Texas in the mid-19th century and current residents in Upper Silesia were compared. The sample included 45 residents in Central Texas, 25 women and 20 men, and 36 residents in rural Upper Silesia, 24 women and 12 men, 54-76 years of age. Variables included selected demographic characteristics, anthropometry, estimated body composition, several physiological indicators, strength and functional fitness, and physical activity. Sex-specific MANCOVA and Chi square were used for comparisons. Descendants of Silesian immigrants to Texas were taller, on average, while differences in other anthropometric variables were variable. All residents in Silesia and the majority of descendants of Silesian migrants to Texas were overweight or obese. Differences in hemodynamic and respiratory functions and responses to a 6-minute walk were inconsistent, while none of the fitness variables differed significantly between the samples. Although residents in Upper Silesia were significantly more physically active descendants of Silesians in Texas, >80% of the men and women in both samples scored below the criterion-reference standard for the maintenance of physical independence in the 6-minute walk.
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Lewandowski, Krzysztof. "The proposal of the integration of the railway tourist offer on Lower Silesia." Transportation Overview - Przeglad Komunikacyjny 2016, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 11–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.35117/a_eng_16_09_02.

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The aim of this article the proposal of the integration of railway transports and tourist attractions placed along or beside railway lines on the Lower Silesia region. This article presents the proposal of the yearlong calendar of the railway tourist events for Lower Silesia and proposal for integration about information of the bus lines to the tourist places around the railway station in Wałbrzych City.
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Majcher, Joanna. "The Residences of the Upper Silesia Haute Bourgeoisie: Their Typology and Functional Transformation." Turyzm/Tourism 11, no. 1 (June 30, 2001): 53–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/0867-5856.11.1.05.

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The article is an attempt to look at how the grand residences of the Upper Silesia haute bourgeoisie came into existence based on archival materials and field research. The author presents a typology of those residences and their distribution within the earliest industrialised area of Upper Silesia, as well as an a comparison with the similar process which occurred in the Łódź industrial area.
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Simon, Ewa, and Małgorzata Kalandyk-Kołodziejczyk. "Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Upper Silesia." Polish Journal of Entomology / Polskie Pismo Entomologiczne 80, no. 2 (June 1, 2011): 231–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10200-011-0017-0.

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Scale insects (Hemiptera: Coccoidea) of Upper SilesiaFaunistic research conducted in Poland for over 80 years has led to the discovery of 143 species of scale insects that live in the natural environment. The state of knowledge of the coccoid fauna of individual areas is uneven, however, 83 species of scale insects from 8 families were collected in Upper Silesia (Górny Śląsk). Upper Silesia is the region in Poland with the fourth-largest number of species; it is preceded by the Kraków-Wieluń Upland (94 species), Roztocze (88) and the Świętokrzyskie Mts. (86). Two of the species collected in this area -Trionymus hamberdi and Volvicoccus stipae- are known only from this region. The paper gives a list of scale insect species collected in Upper Silesia together with information on their localities.
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Konecka-Szydłowska, Barbara, Elżbieta Zuzańska-Żyśko, and Robert Szmytkie. "Role of Services in the Economies of Small Towns of Silesia Region and Wielkopolskie Voivodehip." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 14, no. 14 (January 1, 2010): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10089-010-0014-1.

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Role of Services in the Economies of Small Towns of Silesia Region and Wielkopolskie Voivodehip The main aim of the article is to determine the role of services in the economies of small towns of Silesia and Wielkopolska (Greater Poland) regions. It will be achieved through the following steps: (A) characteristic of the set of towns under study, (B) determination of the share of services in their economies, and (C) description of their level of service development. The analysis rests on two criteria employed at each stage of the research: (a) that of location, which embraces the voivodships: Dolnośląskie, Opolskie, Śląskie (Silesia region) and Wielkopolskie voivodship and (b) that of size, with three classes of small towns distinguished: up to 5 thousand, 5-10 thousand, and 10-20 thousand population.
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Hanich, Andrzej. "„Noc kryształowa” z 9/10 listopada 1938 roku i „ostateczne rozwiązanie kwestii żydowskiej” na Śląsku Opolskim w latach II wojny światowej." Rocznik Polsko-Niemiecki, no. 17 (April 28, 2009): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/rpn.2009.17.05.

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The article describes the situation of the Jewish Judaic community in Opole Silesia under the Third Reich. It shows also its territorial distribution during the inter-war period. The main body of the article consists of a description of the events in Opole Silesia during so called Crystal Night on 9/10th November 1938, both as far as that action itself is concerned and in terms of the reaction to it. In the section dealing with the later years of World War II, the author points out the difficulties, faced by the Catholic clergy in providing assistance to the Jews, as well as indicates the fate met by the Jews from other parts of Europe whom the war years took to the concentration camps on the soil of Opole Silesia.
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42

Ruggeri, Mirella. "Duke Health Profile e Duke Severity of Illness Checklist (DUKE e DUSOI). Presentazione." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 5, no. 1 (April 1996): 72–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x0000395x.

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43

Kutkowska, Barbara, Dominika Mańkowska, and David Kalisz. "IMPLEMENTATION OF REGIONAL POLICY IN RURAL AREAS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VILLAGE RENEWAL IN LOWER SILESIA COMPETITION." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 10, 2019): 239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3062.

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The aim of the research is to assess the targeting of financial resources granted by the Lower Silesia province self-government as part of Village Renewal in a Lower Silesia competition based on types and categories of projects implemented in 2008-2018. A properly directed management of local communities can have a positive impact on the development of the entire region. Not only do large EU funds have a real impact on improving the quality of life of rural residents, through cooperation initiatives, but small grants financed from the funds of province self-governments also do. An example is the Village Renewal programme – the longest-running regional programme for activating local communities. Activities in the field of village renewal implemented in Lower Silesia since 2008 indicate the dynamic progress of social participation. The analysis of projects co-financed from the province self-government proved that they were mainly directed at supporting the development of socio-cultural infrastructure as well as sports and recreation and leisure infrastructure. The experience of the self-government of the Lower Silesia province shows that external intervention in local systems through targeted regional projects opens new possibilities for shaping the socio-economic policy of rural areas.
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Biniaś-Szkopek, Magdalena. "Dla kogo Śląsk? Konflikty Piastów w drugiej połowie XII wieku." Opolskie Studia Administracyjno-Prawne 14, no. 4 (2) (December 15, 2016): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.25167/osap.1309.

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The events of the second half of the twelfth century was a watershed in the relationship between Poland and Silesia. In general, this period of Polish history is considered to be the beginning of the fragmentation of the Piast patrimony into politically separate principalities. Disagreements between individual Piast dynasts led to a series of civil wars which were sett-led by a further division of the Piast realm as apanages to younger members of the dynasty. Opportunistic Imperial interventions in the turbulent internal politics of the Piast monarchy further complicated matters, specifically the thorny issue of overlordship of Silesia became the key aspect of the relationship between Poland and the Empire. For these reasons the later part of the twelfth century is considered the era in which the origins of the separation of Silesia from the Piast monarchy was first placed.
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Jüttemann, Andreas. "Die Geschichte des Schlesischen Schlammfiebers." ASU Arbeitsmedizin Sozialmedizin Umweltmedizin 2020, no. 12 (November 27, 2020): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.17147/asu-2012-8789.

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The history of Silesian slime fever Slime fever is a bacterial infection that particularly affected agricultural workers in Silesia between 1880 and 1940. The town of Ratibor (Racibórz in Polish) in Upper Silesia was a centre of the outbreaks. It was particularly hard hit by the flood disasters on the Oder in 1891, 1926 and 1939. Large outbreaks also occurred on a regular basis in Bavaria, where the disease was known as harvest fever or field fever. Leptospira were clearly identified as pathogens for all manifestations in 1927. Further research showed that mice and rats were the main cause of the spread of bacteria. Apart from harvest helpers, slime fever primarily affected canal workers in towns or swimmers. Leptospirosis is a recognised occupational disease in agriculture today and is usually treated with antibiotics. Keywords: leptospirosis – spirochetes – slime fever – Silesia – Ratibor – history
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Nijakowski, Lech M. "Czy na Śląsku doszło do ludobójstwa ekologicznego?" Narracje o Zagładzie, specjalny (June 21, 2021): 275–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.31261/noz.2021.dhc.12.

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The essay answers the question of whether ecocide occurred in the region of Upper Silesia. The paper includes a brief discussion on the concept of ecocide. The paper presents two cases of ecocide – one in West Papua and the other in Darfur. The prognosis of climate genocide in the future is also presented. The text argues that there was no intentional ecocide of Silesians in Upper Silesia, although ecological discrimination against them was observed.
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Tucker, Mark, and James Lincoln Collier. "Duke Ellington." Notes 45, no. 3 (March 1989): 499. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/940802.

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48

Williams, Martin, and James Lincoln Collier. "Duke Ellington." American Music 6, no. 3 (1988): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3051895.

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49

Terris, D., and D. German. "Duke curriculum." Academic Medicine 63, no. 3 (March 1988): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001888-198803000-00011.

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50

Murrell, Duncan. "The Duke." Southern Cultures 12, no. 2 (2006): 6–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/scu.2006.0025.

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