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Journal articles on the topic 'The early history of astronomy and cosmology'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

MacLachlan, James. "The Role of Astronomy in the History of Science." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 105 (1990): 45–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100086371.

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This historian of science offers a few samples of the kinds of understandings his students will be subjected to. (a) In early times, Britons used careful observations of astronomical events to establish their calendar; (b) In the 4th century BC, Aristotle used the spheres of Eudoxus to establish his cosmological principles; (c) In the second century of our era, Ptolemy made astronomy scientific, partly for the sake of astrological predictions; (d) In the fifteenth century, Columbus used crude astronomical observations to find latitude, (e) In the sixteenth century, Copernicus revised Ptolemaic

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REID, FRANCIS. "Isaac Frost's Two Systems of Astronomy (1846): plebeian resistance and scriptural astronomy." British Journal for the History of Science 38, no. 2 (2005): 161–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087405006710.

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In early nineteenth-century London audiences flocked to a variety of lectures and shows on astronomical topics. While the religious and social positions of the lecturers and showmen varied significantly, the vast majority adopted a Newtonian cosmology incorporating a belief in the plurality of worlds. This paper focuses on Isaac Frost's 1846 book Two Systems of Astronomy in an attempt to gain a fuller understanding of how some thinkers in plebeian London responded to and resisted this emergent astronomical orthodoxy. Central to this analysis is research that reveals how changes in the intellec

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Smeenk, Chris. "Predictability crisis in early universe cosmology." Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (May 2014): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.11.003.

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Włodarczyk, Jarosław, Richard L. Kremer, and Howard C. Hughes. "Edward Gresham, Copernican Cosmology, and Planetary Occultations in Pre-Telescopic Astronomy." Journal for the History of Astronomy 49, no. 3 (2018): 269–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021828618790302.

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This article introduces an understudied source in the history of astronomy, the Astrostereon or the Discourse of the Falling of the Planet (1603). Written by the English astrologer Edward Gresham, this text presents, among other things, the earliest known set of predicted planetary occultations (for 1603–1604) and the use of these phenomena to defend the Copernican cosmology. We analyse those predictions and then briefly survey all known pre-telescopic observations of reported planetary occulations and the motivations for such observations. These data suggest that for early observers, the grea

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Kragh, Helge. "Early dynamical world models: A historical review." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S260 (2009): 182–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921311002262.

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AbstractModels of the universe, in the sense of solutions to the cosmological field equations, took their start in 1917 with Einstein's closed universe. During the next two decades they were developed to comprise evolving models, some of them cyclic and some of them with a definite age. The history of this development, as it occurred up to the mid 1930s, is reviewed. It is argued that in 1930-31, cosmology experienced a kind of paradigm shift.

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Dayal, Pratika. "Early galaxy formation and its large-scale effects." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 15, S352 (2019): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921320001106.

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AbstractGalaxy formation in the first billion years mark a time of great upheaval in the history of the Universe: the first galaxies started both the ‘metal age’ as well as the era of cosmic reionization. I will start by reviewing the dust production mechanisms and dust masses for high-redshift galaxies which will be revolutionized in the ALMA era. I will then show how the JWST will be an invaluable experiment to shed light on the impact of reionization feedback on early galaxy formation. As we look forward towards the era of 21cm cosmology, I will highlight the crucial and urgent synergies re

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Endress, Gerhard. "Averroes' De Caelo Ibn Rushd's Cosmology in his Commentaries on Aristotle's On the Heavens." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 5, no. 1 (1995): 9–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423900001934.

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Averroes defended philosophy by returning to the true Aristotle. For this purpose, Aristotle's book “On the Heaven,” in which he explained the eternity, uniqueness and movement of the universe, occupied a place of special importance. But the Aristotelian philosopher had a hard time holding his own in the face of contradictions within the book and with respect to Aristotle's later works. In his early Compendium, later Paraphrase, and final Long Commentary of De Caelo, Ibn Rushd continued the efforts of the Hellenistic commentators in order to integrate all the elements of his doctrine into a un

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Longair, M. S. "The Astrophysics of the Future." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 123 (1990): 421–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100077381.

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It is with some trepidation that I set down these thoughts. The history of physics and astronomy is littered with pontifications about the future, most of which simply end up embarrassing their authors. There are many projects which can be regarded as very safe bets but these might not be the ones which totally transform the nature of the discipline. The situation is analogous to that in the early 1950s when extragalactic astronomy simply meant optical astronomy since there was no other way of carrying out such studies – few would regard that as an adequate position nowadays. Similarly, it is

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Brandenberger, Robert. "Do we have a theory of early universe cosmology?" Studies in History and Philosophy of Science Part B: Studies in History and Philosophy of Modern Physics 46 (May 2014): 109–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.shpsb.2013.09.008.

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Menci, N., M. Castellano, P. Santini, E. Merlin, A. Fontana, and F. Shankar. "High-redshift Galaxies from Early JWST Observations: Constraints on Dark Energy Models." Astrophysical Journal Letters 938, no. 1 (2022): L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/ac96e9.

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Abstract Early observations with JWST have led to the discovery of an unexpectedly large density (stellar-mass density ρ * ≈ 106 M ⊙ Mpc−3) of massive galaxies (stellar masses M * ≥ 1010.5 M ⊙) at extremely high redshifts z ≈ 10. While such a result is based on early measurements that are still affected by uncertainties currently under consideration by several observational groups, its confirmation would have a strong impact on cosmology. Here we show that—under the most conservative assumptions and independently of the baryon physics involved in galaxy formation—such galaxy abundance is not o

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Kibble, T. W. B. "Phase Transitions and Topological Defects in the Early Universe." Australian Journal of Physics 50, no. 4 (1997): 697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/p96076.

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Our present theories of particle physics and cosmology, taken together, suggest that very early in its history, the universe underwent a series of phase transitions, at which topological defects, similar to those formed in some condensed matter transitions, may have been created. Such defects, in particular cosmic strings, may survive long enough to have important observable effects in the universe today. Predicting these effects requires us to estimate the initial defect density and the way that defects subsequently evolve. Very similar problems arise in condensed matter systems, and recently

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Yakovlev, Dmitry, and Alexander Kaminker. "Nearly Forgotten Cosmological Concept of E. B. Gliner." Universe 9, no. 1 (2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9010046.

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E. B. Gliner started his scientific career in 1963 at the age of 40. In 1965, when the existence of the cosmological constant λ seemed unnecessary to most cosmologists, he renewed interest in the problem by emphasizing a material interpretation of de Sitter space (i.e., the space curved in the presence of λ). According to that interpretation, the curvature is produced by a cosmological vacuum (now identified as dark energy of the universe). In 1970, Gliner proposed a description of exponential expansion (or contraction) of the universe at the early (or late) evolution stage dominated by cosmol

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Arbuzova, E. V. "Deviations of R2 cosmology from the Einstein’s General Relativity." International Journal of Modern Physics A 35, no. 36 (2020): 2044026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x20440261.

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The cosmological history of the universe in the [Formula: see text] gravity is studied starting from the “very beginning” up to the present time. The primordial inflationary expansion of the universe is considered and it is shown that the gravitational particle production by the oscillating curvature, [Formula: see text], led to a consistent transition to the Friedmann cosmology, but the cosmological evolution in the early universe strongly differed from the standard one. It is shown that the effects of gravitational production of particles had a significant influence on the evolution of the u

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Liu, Gaochao. "Study on the Star Formation History and Evolution of Early-type Galaxies and its Cosmology Application." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 126, no. 936 (2014): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/675261.

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Zadeh, M. Abdollahi, and A. Sheykhi. "Sign-changeable interacting agegraphic dark energy in Brans–Dicke cosmology." Canadian Journal of Physics 98, no. 7 (2020): 643–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2018-0846.

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We explore a spatially homogeneous and isotropic Friedmann–Robertson–Walker (FRW) universe that is filled with agegraphic dark energy (ADE) with mutual interaction with pressureless dark matter in the background of Brans–Dicke (BD) theory. We consider both original and a new type of ADE (NADE) and further assume that the sign of the interaction term can change during the history of the universe. We obtain the equation of the state parameter, the deceleration parameter, and the evolutionary equation for the sign-changeable interacting ADE and NADE in BD cosmology. We find that in both models, t

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Ayala, Lucia. "The Universe in Images: an Art-Historical Approach to the Plurality of Worlds." Culture and Cosmos 16, no. 1 and 2 (2012): 283–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01216.0247.

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The idea of a plurality of worlds, consolidated in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, is one of the most inspiring and exciting chapters in the history of astronomy. Nevertheless, one crucial aspect has yet to be written. In this paper I propose to recompose the fascinating visual mosaic around the subject, in order to establish the basis for a largely forgotten iconography. It represents a key period in the evolution of the notions around the large-scale structure of the universe, one of the milestones in Early Modern cosmology. This tradition continued until the nineteenth century, wh

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Romanello, Massimiliano, Nicola Menci, and Marco Castellano. "The Epoch of Reionization in Warm Dark Matter Scenarios." Universe 7, no. 10 (2021): 365. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe7100365.

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In this paper we investigate how the Reionization process is affected by early galaxy formation in different cosmological scenarios. We use a semi-analytic model with suppressed initial power spectra to obtain the UV Luminosity Function in thermal Warm Dark Matter and sterile neutrino cosmologies. We retrace the ionization history of intergalactic medium with hot stellar emission only, exploiting fixed and variable photons escape fraction models (fesc). For each cosmology, we find an upper limit to fixed fesc, which guarantees the completion of the process at z<6.7. The analysis is tested w

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Williams, L. L. "Variation of the Gravitational Constant in the Radiation-Dominated Universe." Physics Research International 2012 (February 15, 2012): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/567873.

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The unification of classical electrodynamics and general relativity within the context of five-dimensional general relativity (Kaluza, 1921, and Thiry, 1948) contains a scalar field which may be identified with the gravitational constant, G. The field equations of this theory are solved under conditions of the Robertson-Walker metric for flat space, for a radiation-dominated universe—a model appropriate for the early history of our universe. This leads to a cosmology wherein G is inversely proportional to the Robertson-Walker scale factor. This result is discussed in the context of the Dirac l

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Smit-Keding, Nicholas. "'Absurd' Rationalist Cosmology: Copernicus, Kepler, Descartes and the Religious Basis for the end to Aristotelian Dogma." Constellations 7, no. 1 (2016): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cons27051.

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Current popular narratives regarding the history of astronomy espouse the narrative of scientific development arising from clashes between observed phenomena and dogmatic religious scripture. Such narratives consider the development of our understandings of the cosmos as isolated episodes in ground-breaking, world-view shifting events, led by rational, objective and secular observers. As observation of astronomical development in the early 1600s shows, however, such a narrative is false. Developments by Johannes Kepler, for instance, followed earlier efforts by Nicholas Copernicus to refine Ar

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Kite, Thomas, Andrea Ravenni, Subodh P. Patil, and Jens Chluba. "Bridging the gap: spectral distortions meet gravitational waves." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 3 (2021): 4396–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1558.

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ABSTRACT Gravitational waves (GWs) have the potential to probe the entirety of cosmological history due to their nearly perfect decoupling from the thermal bath and any intervening matter after emission. In recent years, GW cosmology has evolved from merely being an exciting prospect to an actively pursued avenue for discovery, and the early results are very promising. As we highlight in this paper, spectral distortions (SDs) of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) uniquely probe GWs over six decades in frequency, bridging the gap between astrophysical high- and cosmological low-frequency mea

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Rafelski, Johann, Jeremiah Birrell, Andrew Steinmetz, and Cheng Tao Yang. "A Short Survey of Matter-Antimatter Evolution in the Primordial Universe." Universe 9, no. 7 (2023): 309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe9070309.

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We offer a survey of the matter-antimatter evolution within the primordial Universe. While the origin of the tiny matter-antimatter asymmetry has remained one of the big questions in modern cosmology, antimatter itself has played a large role for much of the Universe’s early history. In our study of the evolution of the Universe we adopt the position of the standard model Lambda-CDM Universe implementing the known baryonic asymmetry. We present the composition of the Universe across its temperature history while emphasizing the epochs where antimatter content is essential to our understanding.

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Ho, Shu-Yu, Pyungwon Ko, and Dibyendu Nanda. "Light thermal self-interacting dark matter in the shadow of non-standard cosmology." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2024, no. 04 (2024): 055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/04/055.

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Abstract In this paper, we construct a viable model for a GeV scale self-interacting dark matter (DM), where the DM was thermally produced in the early universe. Here, a new vector-like fermion with a dark charge under the U(1)_D gauge symmetry serves as a secluded WIMP DM and it can dominantly annihilate into the light dark gauge boson and singlet scalar through the dark gauge interaction. Also, the self-interaction of DM is induced by the light dark gauge boson via the same gauge interaction. In addition to these particles, we further introduce two Weyl fermions and a doublet scalar, by whic

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Zu, Lei, Chi Zhang, Hou-Zun Chen, et al. "Exploring mirror twin Higgs cosmology with present and future weak lensing surveys." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 08 (2023): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/08/023.

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Abstract We explore the potential of precision cosmological data to study non-minimal dark sectors by updating the cosmological constraint on the mirror twin Higgs model (MTH). The MTH model addresses the Higgs little hierarchy problem by introducing dark sector particles. In this work, we perform a Bayesian global analysis that includes the latest cosmic shear measurement from the DES three-year survey and the Planck CMB and BAO data. In the early Universe, the mirror baryon and mirror radiation behave as dark matter and dark radiation, and their presence modifies the Universe's expansion his

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Boylan-Kolchin, Michael, and Daniel R. Weisz. "Uncertain times: the redshift–time relation from cosmology and stars." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 505, no. 2 (2021): 2764–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab1521.

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ABSTRACT Planck data provide precise constraints on cosmological parameters when assuming the base ΛCDM model, including a 0.17 per cent measurement of the age of the Universe, $t_0=13.797 \pm 0.023\, {\rm Gyr}$. However, the persistence of the ‘Hubble tension’ calls the base ΛCDM model’s completeness into question and has spurred interest in models such as early dark energy (EDE) that modify the assumed expansion history of the Universe. We investigate the effect of EDE on the redshift–time relation z↔t and find that it differs from the base ΛCDM model by at least ${\approx } 4{{\ \rm per\ ce

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Melia, Fulvio. "J1342+0928 supports the timeline in the Rh = ct cosmology." Astronomy & Astrophysics 615 (July 2018): A113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201832752.

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Aims. The discovery of quasar J1342+0928 (z = 7.54) reinforces the time compression problem associated with the premature formation of structure in Λ cold dark matter (ΛCDM). Adopting the Planck parameters, we see this quasar barely 690 Myr after the big bang, no more than several hundred Myr after the transition from Pop III to Pop II star formation. Yet conventional astrophysics would tell us that a 10 M⊙ seed, created by a Pop II/III supernova, should have taken at least 820 Myr to grow via Eddington-limited accretion. This failure by ΛCDM constitutes one of its most serious challenges, req

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Dhawan, Suhail, Justin Alsing, and Sunny Vagnozzi. "Non-parametric spatial curvature inference using late-Universe cosmological probes." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters 506, no. 1 (2021): L1—L5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnrasl/slab058.

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ABSTRACT Inferring high-fidelity constraints on the spatial curvature parameter, ΩK, under as few assumptions as possible, is of fundamental importance in cosmology. We propose a method to non-parametrically infer ΩK from late-Universe probes alone. Using Gaussian processes (GPs) to reconstruct the expansion history, we combine cosmic chronometers (CCs) and type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) data to infer constraints on curvature, marginalized over the expansion history, calibration of the CC and SNe Ia data, and the GP hyper-parameters. The obtained constraints on ΩK are free from parametric model a

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Stevens, Jordan, Hasti Khoraminezhad, and Shun Saito. "Constraining the spatial curvature with cosmic expansion history in a cosmological model with a non-standard sound horizon." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 07 (2023): 046. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/07/046.

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Abstract Spatial curvature is one of the most fundamental parameters in our current concordance flat ΛCDM model of the Universe. The goal of this work is to investigate how the constraint on the spatial curvature is affected by an assumption on the sound horizon scale. The sound horizon is an essential quantity to use the standard ruler from the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) and Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAOs). As an example, we study the curvature constraint in an axion-like Early Dark Energy (EDE) model in light of recent cosmological datasets from Planck, the South Pole Telescope (S

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An, Rui, Vera Gluscevic, Erminia Calabrese, and J. Colin Hill. "What does cosmology tell us about the mass of thermal-relic dark matter?" Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 07 (2022): 002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/07/002.

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Abstract The presence of light thermally coupled dark matter affects early expansion history and production of light elements during the Big Bang Nucleosynthesis. Specifically, dark matter that annihilates into Standard Model particles can modify the effective number of light species in the universe N eff, as well as the abundance of light elements created buring BBN. These quantities in turn affect the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropy. We present the first joint analysis of small-scale temperature and polarization CMB anisotropy from Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT) and South Pol

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Arias, Paola, Nicolás Bernal, Dimitrios Karamitros, Carlos Maldonado, Leszek Roszkowski, and Moira Venegas. "New opportunities for axion dark matter searches in nonstandard cosmological models." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2021, no. 11 (2021): 003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/11/003.

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Abstract We study axion dark matter production from a misalignment mechanism in scenarios featuring a general nonstandard cosmology. Before the onset of Big Bang nucleosynthesis, the energy density of the universe is dominated by a particle field ϕ described by a general equation of state ω. The ensuing enhancement of the Hubble expansion rate decreases the temperature at which axions start to oscillate, opening this way the possibility for axions heavier than in the standard window. This is the case for kination, or in general for scenarios with ω > 1/3. However, if ω < 1/3, as in the c

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Garau, Rodolfo. "Explaining Astrological Influence with Cartesian Natural Philosophy: Peter Megerlin’s Manuscript Astrologia Cartesiana (ASHB1530, circa 1680)." Early Science and Medicine 27, no. 5 (2022): 486–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15733823-20220058.

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Abstract Action at a distance was one of the key features of astrology. Once a thriving discipline, astrology in the early modern period entered a crisis that ultimately culminated in its marginalization from the domain of scholarly recognition. Critics of astrology took issue, among other things, with the causative process of the supposed astrological action at a distance – traditionally based on the light shed by celestial bodies – denying that light could be a conduit of astrological influence. In response to such criticisms, some astrologers attempted to explain astrological influence base

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SUNYAEV, RASHID A., and RISHI KHATRI. "UNAVOIDABLE CMB SPECTRAL FEATURES AND BLACKBODY PHOTOSPHERE OF OUR UNIVERSE." International Journal of Modern Physics D 22, no. 07 (2013): 1330014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271813300140.

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Spectral features in the CMB energy spectrum contain a wealth of information about the physical processes in the early Universe, z ≲ 2 × 106. The CMB spectral distortions are complementary to all other probes of cosmology. In fact, most of the information contained in the CMB spectrum is inaccessible by any other means. This review outlines the main physics behind the spectral features in the CMB throughout the history of the Universe, concentrating on the distortions which are inevitable and must be present at a level observable by the next generation of proposed CMB experiments. The spectral

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Cunningham, Clifford. "<italic>Cosmology in the Early Modern Age: A Web of Ideas</italic>, by Paolo Bussotti and Brunello Lotti." Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 26, no. 2 (2023): 533–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2023.06.56.

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Heurtier, L., A. Moursy, and L. Wacquez. "Cosmological imprints of SUSY breaking in models of sgoldstinoless non-oscillatory inflation." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 03 (2023): 020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/03/020.

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Abstract In supergravity, the dynamics of the sgoldstino – superpartner of the goldstino superfield associated with the breaking of supersymmetry at low energy – can substantially modify the dynamics of inflation in the primordial Universe. So-called sgoldstinoless models assume the existence of a nilpotency constraint S 2 = 0 that effectively removes the sgoldstino from the theory. Such models were proposed to realise non-oscillatory inflation scenarios with a single scalar field, which feature a long period of kination at the end of inflation, and therefore a non-standard post-inflationary c

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Cunningham, Clifford. "<italic>Unifying Heaven and Earth: Essays in the History of Early Modern Cosmology</italic>, edited by Miguel Granada, Patrick Boner and Dario Tessicini." Journal of Astronomical History and Heritage 23, no. 1 (2020): 219–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1440-2807.2020.01.12.

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Korol, V., S. Toonen, A. Klein, et al. "Populations of double white dwarfs in Milky Way satellites and their detectability with LISA." Astronomy & Astrophysics 638 (June 2020): A153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202037764.

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Context. Milky Way dwarf satellites are unique objects that encode the early structure formation and therefore represent a window into the high redshift Universe. So far, their study has been conducted using electromagnetic waves only. The future Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) has the potential to reveal Milky Way satellites through gravitational waves emitted by double white dwarf (DWD) binaries. Aims. We investigate gravitational wave signals that will be detectable by LISA as a possible tool for the identification and characterisation of the Milky Way satellites. Methods. We used

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Zuccato, Marco. "Bruce S. Eastwood. Ordering the Heavens: Roman Astronomy and Cosmology in the Carolingian Renaissance. (History of Science and Medicine Library, 4; Medieval and Early Modern Science, 8.) xxii + 452 pp., figs., app., bibl., index. Leiden: Brill, 2007. €99 (cloth)." Isis 99, no. 4 (2008): 823–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/597690.

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Bothun, G. "The motion of test particles and cosmological interpretations: the role of MOND." Canadian Journal of Physics 93, no. 2 (2015): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2014-0165.

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Throughout history, observations of the motions of objects in the Universe have provided the foundation for various cosmological models. In many cases, the invoked causes of the observed motion appeal to mysterious elements. Indeed, the very first test motion was that of the retrograde motion of Mars, which lead to a required epicycle to save the model (e.g., Ptolemy’s unmoving Earth). By the early 1840s, from approximately 50 years of orbital data (since its 1789 discovery) it was apparent that Uranus was disobeying the Newtonian rules in its orbit and speculation mounted that a “large unseen

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Motsnyi, F. V. "Nobel Prize Level Scientific Discoveries of a Heir of Zaporizhian Cossacks." Statistics of Ukraine 88, no. 1 (2020): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/su.1(88)2020.01.15.

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In this work, three fundamental discoveries of the Ukraine-born Prof. George A. Gamow are presented from a single scientific and methodological point of view. Each of them is truly worth of the Nobel Prize – the most prestigious recognition of achievements of a scientist. We trace the emergence of G. Gamow as one of the most outstanding scientists of the twentieth century – encyclopaedist, theoretical physicist by heart, astrophysicist and biophysicist, talented and brilliant popularizer of science, whose works are readable in one go, as well as the author of unforgettable pranks and jok

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Arendse, Nikki, Radosław J. Wojtak, Adriano Agnello, et al. "Cosmic dissonance: are new physics or systematics behind a short sound horizon?" Astronomy & Astrophysics 639 (July 2020): A57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201936720.

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Context. Persistent tension between low-redshift observations and the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMB), in terms of two fundamental distance scales set by the sound horizon rd and the Hubble constant H0, suggests new physics beyond the Standard Model, departures from concordance cosmology, or residual systematics. Aims. The role of different probe combinations must be assessed, as well as of different physical models that can alter the expansion history of the Universe and the inferred cosmological parameters. Methods. We examined recently updated distance calibrations from Cepheids

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Boccaletti, Dino. "The Waters above the Firmament: An Exemplary Case of Faith-Reason Conflict." Perspectives on Science and Christian Faith 73, no. 3 (2021): 166–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.56315/pscf9-21boccaletti.

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THE WATERS ABOVE THE FIRMAMENT: An Exemplary Case of Faith-Reason Conflict by Dino Boccaletti. Cham, Switzerland: Springer, 2020. 136 pages. Hardcover; $99.99. ISBN: 9783030441678. Paperback; $69.99. ISBN: 9783030441685. *The Waters Above the Firmament is a fascinating tour through the exegetical history of an offbeat subject: the waters above the firmament. In both popular and scholarly conversations about science and religion, a few subjects tend to dominate the landscape, with the topic of origins dominating the conversation since Darwin's day. Interestingly, however, the "waters above the

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Shrimplin, Valerie. "Francesco Borromini and the Cultural Context of Kepler’s Harmonice Mundi." Culture and Cosmos 25, no. 0102 (2021): 107–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46472/cc.01225.0211.

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The idea of circular domed architecture as imitative of the flat earth covered by the 'Dome of Heaven' was established from Byzantine times up to its revival during the Renaissance. Yet the cosmological symbolism of the circular dome was replaced in the early seventeenth century when elliptical, oval or other geometrically-inspired domes became a key feature of the Baroque. The move away from circular to oval or elliptical forms by architects such as Borromini coincides with the new cosmology and Kepler's view of elliptical orbits as the basis for the structure of the universe. Building on his

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Verde, Licia, Emilio Bellini, Cassio Pigozzo, Alan F. Heavens, and Raul Jimenez. "Early cosmology constrained." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2017, no. 04 (2017): 023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/023.

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Filloux, Charline, J. A. de Freitas Pacheco, Fabrice Durier, and Joseph Silk. "Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 5, S267 (2009): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921310006228.

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Cosmological simulations describing both the evolution of supermassive black holes and their host galaxies were performed by using the tree PM-SPH code GADGET-2 (Springel 2005). Physical mechanisms affecting the dynamics and the physical conditions of the gas (ionization and cooling processes, local heating by stars, injection of mechanical energy by supernovae, chemical enrichment) were introduced in the present version of the code (Filloux 2009). Black holes in a state of accretion (AGNs) also inject mechanical energy in the surrounding medium, contributing for quenching the star formation a

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Rosito, M. S., P. B. Tissera, S. E. Pedrosa, and Y. Rosas-Guevara. "Assembly of spheroid-dominated galaxies in the EAGLE simulation." Astronomy & Astrophysics 629 (September 2019): A37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201834720.

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Context. Despite the insights gained in the last few years, our knowledge about the formation and evolution scenario for the spheroid-dominated galaxies is still incomplete. New and more powerful cosmological simulations have been developed that together with more precise observations open the possibility of more detailed study of the formation of early-type galaxies (ETGs). Aims. The aim of this work is to analyse the assembly histories of ETGs in a Λ cold dark matter cosmology, focussing on the archeological approach given by the mass-growth histories. Methods. We inspected a sample of dispe

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Loewe, Michael, and Henry Rosemont. "Explorations in Early Chinese Cosmology." Numen 33, no. 1 (1986): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3270131.

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Vukovic, Ivan. "Kant's early theology, cosmology and cosmogony." Theoria, Beograd 47, no. 1-2 (2004): 51–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo0402051v.

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The author of this paper analyses the theological, cosmological and cosmogonical ideas that Kant defended in his first book, The General History of Nature and Theory of Heavens, and claims that they were the result of his attempt to synthetise Leibnitzian theology with Newtonian physics. Furthermore, the author claims that these early ideas are the source of Kant's later conceptions of morality, law and history of human race.

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Lilly, Simon, Rachel L. Webster, L. Campusano, et al. "Commission 47: Cosmology." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, T26A (2005): 291–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921306004728.

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Abstract2002–2005 has seen rapid progress in cosmology with the publication of the 1st year WMAP results and analyses of large scale red-shift surveys, ushering in an era of “precision cosmology”. There has been steady progress, too, in the discovery and study of quasars and galaxies in the early Universe.

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Liu, Lihui. "Moduli stabilisation in early superstring cosmology." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 343 (February 8, 2012): 012068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/343/1/012068.

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Singh, C. P. "Bulk viscous cosmology in early Universe." Pramana 71, no. 1 (2008): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12043-008-0139-4.

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Brandenberger, Robert. "Superstring cosmology — a complementary review." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 11 (2023): 019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/11/019.

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Abstract In this review, a number of approaches to superstring cosmology which make use of key features which distinguish string theory from point particle theories are discussed, with particular emphasis on emergent scenarios. One motivation for the discussion is the realization that, in order to describe the evolution of the very early universe, it is necessary to go beyond a conventional effective field theory (EFT) analysis. Some of the conceptual problems of an EFT analysis will be discussed. The review begins with a summary of the criteria for a successful early universe scenario, emphas

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