Journal articles: 'The Edible Woman'

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Bray, Abigail. "The Edible Woman." Media Information Australia 72, no. 1 (May 1994): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9407200103.

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Dolly, Moirangthem. "The Edible Woman: A Perspective of Women." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 9, no. 7 (July 28, 2021): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v9i7.11132.

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In many respects, The Edible Woman was created during a ‘whirlwind change’. Atwood successfully links together ‘ideas of marriage’ and ‘consumerism’ as related to the ideas and the perceptions of the self. In this novel, Atwood produces a world centred around a young woman, Marian MacAlpin, who is thrust into the role of fiancé and the traditional position. The Edible Woman is successful because it pulls us into Marian’s world and makes us a part of it. Things at first appear to be crystal and real. The moments of her daily life are presented in ways that a reader can relate to. Marian’s life seems acceptable and worthwhile. This paper highlights a perspective of women through Marian, the protagonist of Atwood’s The Edible Woman.

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Phelps, Henry C. "Atwood’s Edible Woman and Surfacing." Explicator 55, no. 2 (January 1997): 112–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00144940.1997.11484142.

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Brain, Tracy. "Figuring anorexia: Margaret Atwood'sthe edible woman." Lit: Literature Interpretation Theory 6, no. 3-4 (December 1995): 299–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10436929508580164.

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Muhuntarajan, C., and Y. L. Sowntharya. "Status of Woman in Margaret Atwood's the Edible Woman and Surfacing." Asian Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities 6, no. 4 (2016): 584. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2249-7315.2016.00080.0.

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Stow, Glenys. "Nonsense as Social Commentary in The Edible Woman." Journal of Canadian Studies 23, no. 3 (August 1988): 90–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.23.3.90.

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Sarkar, Somasree. "Female and Animal in Margaret Atwood‟s The Edible Woman and Surfacing." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (May 5, 2019): 48–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.2.1590.

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The philosophy of European Enlightenment has valorized the supremacy of man, owing to his rational faculty. The universal notion of human centrism is responsible for creating the „other‟, also perceived as the „lesser‟. The Western philosophy for long has upheld binaries – human/non-human; soul/body; sex/gender; man/woman and so on. Such crippling binarization has led to discriminations, claiming the dominance of one over the „other‟. It has facilitated the subjugation of the „other‟ by the assumed superior power through the politics of prejudiced representation of the „other‟. The postmodern philosophy along with feminism questions the politics of universal representation. The postmodern studies have looked into the crevices of the Enlightenment enterprise and have argued that the endeavor has been the prerogative of white males. So, it is necessary to debunk the long nourished notion by decentering (hu)man. The body of postmodern studies seeks to represent the marginal through the unprejudiced lenses of tolerance. It is important to note that any non-(hu)man – whether it is an animal or a woman, is considered to be the „other‟ of man. Both are subjected to violation by male. In the consumerist society, animals and women both, suffer from the threat of consumption. The male centric society has encroached upon the realm of animals as well as of women, depriving them of their fundamental rights of living freely and independently. The research paper critically argues the ethical violation of animals and women, both marginalized by the male dominated consumerist society. A parallel is drawn between the two “lesser-than-man” communities. To serve my purpose, I have chosen Atwood‟s novels – The Edible Woman and Surfacing. Both the novels explore the issue of woman‟s identity in the patriarchal system. The novels seek to redefine the identity of woman by identifying them with animals.

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griffiths, jennifer. "Marisa Mori's Edible Futurist Breasts." Gastronomica 12, no. 4 (2012): 20–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/gfc.2012.12.4.20.

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F.T. Marinetti's “Manifesto of Futurist Cuisine” (1930) and the subsequent Futurist Cookbook (1932) called for a culinary revolution and a new edible aesthetics. Futurism enacted its demands for destruction, violence, and transformation through the microcosm of the human intestine. While F.T. Marinetti's avant-garde chauvinism has left a notoriously bad taste in postmodern mouths, Futurism's extensive experiments with taste and touch represent a curious reversal of Western traditions that regarded the “lower” senses as feminine. Unfortunately, Futurism's theoretical liberation of the so-called “feminine” senses is eclipsed by the cookbook's daunting inventory of recipes that metaphorically devour the female body. Only one woman left her essence among the pages of the Futurist Cookbook. Marisa Mori's recipe for Italian Breasts in the Sun calls for two mounds of almond paste topped with two candied strawberries on a bed of custard and cream, sprinkled with hot pepper. Her punning metaphorics have a masculinst flavor as the female body is presented in fragmented and sexualized terms; however, this article argues that there is a more satirical taste to Mori's edible breasts.

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Sasani, Samira, and Diba Arjmandi. "“The ‘I’ against an ‘Other’”: Gender Trouble in The Edible Woman." Theory and Practice in Language Studies 5, no. 7 (July 25, 2015): 1520. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/tpls.0507.28.

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CAMERON, ELSPETH. "Famininity, or Parody of Autonomy: Anorexia Nervosa and The Edible Woman." Journal of Canadian Studies 20, no. 2 (May 1985): 45–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/jcs.20.2.45.

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Banerjee, Dr Prantik, and Ms Arpita Mukherjee. "Surviving Consumerism and Eating Disorders in Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman." IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science 21, no. 08 (August 2016): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/0837-2108052125.

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Colăcel, Onoriu. "Edibles and Other Offerings to Readers: The Politics of Gender and Food in Narrative Fiction." Messages, Sages and Ages 3, no. 2 (November 1, 2016): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/msas-2016-0017.

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Abstract From the perspective of an apparently absent author, the rhetorical commonplaces of womanhood and nourishment are mentioned in the novels of Margaret Atwood, The Edible Woman (1969), and of Jillian Medoff, Hunger Point (2002). Although traditionally relegated to contextualizing devices, the unfolding of events makes a riddle out of cooking and eating for the purpose of dramatic effect. Reporting on what might come across as domestic chores points to the topicality of food intake as well as to all the drama eating disorders entail. In the background of events, the ‘whodunit’ and the ‘kitchen sink drama’ come together into one unlikely story. The benefits of hindsight make it possible to argue that celebrated feminist novels of the past century, i.e. The Edible Woman, provided later 21st century fiction, i.e. Hunger Point, with something more than narrative emphasis on binary gender relations. I find that the gender-roles debate, as recorded in Atwood’s work, gained enough cultural momentum to prove the ready availability of the image of the nurturing female throughout the 20th century and beyond. As far as feminist fictions are concerned, over/under-feeding is always somewhere in the background, if not what drives the plot forward. Commonly, distress among fictional characters, mostly women, is linked to body weight and dieting in ways that threaten to relegate, possibly once and for good, the notions of women and food to the realm of melodrama, as it is the case with Hunger point.

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Hussein, Ahmed. "The Feminist Voice in Chopin’s “The Awakening” & Atwood’s “The Edible Woman”." Technium Social Sciences Journal 9 (June 12, 2020): 619–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v9i1.952.

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This research paper intends to study Kate Chopin’s The Awakening and Margret Atwood’s The Edible Woman. These two novels demonstrate women’s defiance to the society and their struggle to obtain the freedom they desire. Both works strive to depict the female plight towards the quest of independence and fair share in a society ruled and dictated by patriarchy. The paper highlights how the notion of feminism is similar or otherwise different as presented in both works. The paper attempts to demonstrate that the structure and the elements of both works stress and affirm the feminist voice each work strives to make it heard in a world generally suffocating these voices.

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Fasick, Laura. "The Edible Woman: Eating and Breast-Feeding in the Novels of Samuel Richardson." South Atlantic Review 58, no. 1 (January 1993): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3201098.

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Furukawa, Hiroko. "A Feminist Woman with a Given Female Language: A contradictory figure in the Japanese translation of Margaret Atwood's The Edible Woman." Babel. Revue internationale de la traduction / International Journal of Translation 58, no. 2 (August 10, 2012): 220–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/babel.58.2.06fur.

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Feitosa, André Pereira. "THE FEMALE BODY AND THE CANNIBALISTIC REDEMPTION IN THE EDIBLE WOMAN: THE GROTESQUE IN MARGARET ATWOOD." Em Tese 8 (December 31, 2004): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17851/1982-0739.8.0.55-63.

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Este artigo estuda os aspectos grotescos da obra A mulher comestível de Margaret Atwood, enfocando o contraste de estereótipos de perfeição e imperfeição, regras de comportamento, e a luta de uma protagonista que rejeita os valores ditos normais de conduta feminina.

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لطيف جبار, امجد, and رنا مظهر دخيل. "The Narrator's Search for Her Own Identity in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 124 (September 15, 2018): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i124.113.

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Margaret Eleanor Atwood is born on November 18, 1939, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She received her undergraduate degree from Victoria College at the University of Toronto and her master's degree from Radcliffe College. Atwood is a Canadian writer best known for her novels, which include: The Edible Woman (1969), Surfacing (1972), Lady Oracle (1976), Life Before Man (1979), Bodily Harm (1981), The Handmaid's Tale (1985), Cat's Eye (1988), The Robber Bride (1993), Alias Grace (1996) and The Blind Assassin (1998). Atwood is a famous writer, and her novels are best sold all over the world. She has been labelled as a Canadian nationalist, feminist, and even a gothic writer. She is well known internationally in the USA, Europe, and Australia. This research aims at showing throughout Surfacing, the way Atwood portraits the narrator as a woman searching for her own identity.

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Maudher Dakheel, Rana, and Amjed Lateef Jabbar. "The Narrator's Search for her Identity in Margaret Atwood's Surfacing." Al-Adab Journal 1, no. 127 (December 5, 2018): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31973/aj.v1i127.196.

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Margaret Eleanor Atwood is born on November 18, 1939, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. She received her undergraduate degree from Victoria College at the University of Toronto and her master's degree from Radcliffe College. Atwood is a Canadian writer best known for her novels, which include: The Edible Woman (1969), Surfacing (1972), Lady Oracle (1976), Life Before Man (1979), Bodily Harm (1981), The Handmaid's Tale (1985), Cat's Eye (1988), The Robber Bride (1993), Alias Grace (1996) and The Blind Assassin (1998). Atwood is a famous writer, and her novels are best sold all over the world. She has been labelled as a Canadian nationalist, feminist, and even a gothic writer. She is well known internationally in the USA, Europe, and Australia. This research aims at showing throughout Surfacing, the way Atwood portraits the narrator as a woman searching for her own identity.

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Roles, Cailin Flannery. "“The Surface on Which You Work”: Self-Alienation and the Culture of Narcissism in The Edible Woman." Texas Studies in Literature and Language 63, no. 3 (September 2021): 276–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.7560/tsll63303.

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Soofastaei, Elaheh, and Sayyed Ali Mirenayat. "Politics, Violence, and Victimization in Margaret Atwood’s Selected Novels." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 50 (March 2015): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.50.86.

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Canadian novels have witnessed a movement from description to more different analytical and interpretative directions. Margaret Atwood's oeuvres are belonged to the postmodern literary field of feminist writing. Her fictions show a severe alertness of the relationship between chains and slavery, i.e. between women's requirement for relationships with others and her requirements for freedom and autonomy. In this paper, The Handmaid's Tale, Bodily Harm, Surfacing, and The Edible Woman will be surveyed in a direct relationship between politics, violence and victimization of female protagonists. An examination on Margaret Atwood's novels demonstrates that she is pioneer in the dimension of time by being a revolter against the patriarchal society.

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Kelly, Darlene. "“Either Way, I Stand Condemned”: A Woman’s Place in Margaret Atwood’s The Edible Woman and Margaret Drabble’s The Waterfall." ESC: English Studies in Canada 21, no. 3 (1995): 320–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/esc.1995.0024.

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Scarano D'Antonio, Carla. "Consuming and Being Consumed." Exchanges: The Interdisciplinary Research Journal 7, no. 2 (January 30, 2020): 35–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.31273/eirj.v7i2.446.

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The article explores how Margaret Atwood demystifies the romance plot in her first novel The Edible Woman by exposing the world of consumerism as artificial and threatening to the point of cannibalism. This is revealed through references to fairy tales and myths with cannibalistic undertones such as ‘Snow White’, ‘The Robber Bridegroom’ and ‘Goldilocks and the Three Bears’. It is also highlighted in the reference to the theme of the eaten heart in Boccaccio’s Decameron and to Shakespeare’s Titus Andronicus. In the tempting world of advertisements and commercials, women are objectified and traded and their roles are diminished. In this realm, Marian, the protagonist, is in search of her identity but first tries to ‘adjust’ to society’s artificial and delusional narrative. The advertisements dictate a behaviour, objectify her body and force her to comply with preformed roles. She consciously tries to defend herself from this consumerist mentality by allowing her body to ‘speak’ for her. Her body starts to refuse food and she feels it is alive, until it cuts itself off. Therefore, showing how she refuses to ‘adjust’ to the consumerist society. The narrative points out the inherent cannibalistic quality of the consumerist society in which human beings are commodities and their roles are dictated by commercials and the ferocious rules of profit.

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Imtiaz, Saman Khalid. "Elder Gothic And Atwood’s Modernization Into New Forms." Pakistan Journal of Gender Studies 6, no. 1 (December 8, 2012): 173–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.46568/pjgs.v6i1.408.

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The article investigates how the gothic tradition of early eighteenth century has evolved into its present twentieth century form by building on its staple ingredients of awe, fear, heightened imagination, dark subterranean vaults, persecuted heroines and malevolent aristocrats. During the Romantic period the external paraphernalia of gothic devices began to be internalized, which marks the most important shift in the genre. The external markers became the internal states of the individual. The consciousness, imagination and freedom of the individual tended to be valued more than his conformation to the societal norms. The focus in the modern gothic is not on the supernatural but it operates in completely human, social and familiar world. The article reviews how Margaret Atwood, a leading Canadian author implicates gothic devices in three of her novels, Surfacing, The Edible Woman and The Lady Oracle. The most frightening gothic phenomenon which haunts Atwood’s heroines is their own psyche; their gothic and heightened imagination illustrates their desires and fears in excessive forms.

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Fungo, Robert, John Muyonga, Judith Ngondi, Christian Mikolo-Yobo, Donald Iponga, Alfred Ngoye, Erasmus Nchuaji Tang, and Julius Chupezi Tieguhong. "Nutrient and Bioactive Composition of Five Gabonese Forest Fruits and Their Potential Contribution to Dietary Reference Intakes of Children Aged 1–3 Years and Women Aged 19–60 Years." Forests 10, no. 2 (January 23, 2019): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10020086.

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Widely consumed forest fruits in Gabon were analysed for nutrient and bioactive compositions and their potential contributions to meeting the nutrient requirements of consumers. Edible pulps of Panda oleosa Pierre, Gambeya lacourtiana (De Wild.) Aubrév. & Pellegr. and Poga oleosa Pierre contained substantial amounts of bioactive compounds; flavonoids (13.5–22.8 mg/100 g), proanthocyanins (2.4–7.6 mg/100 g), polyphenols (49.6–77.3 mg/100 g) and vitamin C (6.7–97.7 mg/100 g). The highest content of β-carotene (76.6 µg/100 g) was registered in fruits of Pseudospondias longifolia Engl. The fruits of P. oleosa had the highest essential minerals Fe, Zn and Se. If a child aged 1 to 3 years consumed about 200 g or if a non-lactating and non-pregnant woman consumed 300 g of Panda oleosa, Afrostyrax lepidophyllus Mildbr., G. lacourtiana, P. longifolia and Poga oleosa, they could obtain substantial DRI ranging between 20–100% for energy, vitamins C and E, iron, magnesium, iron and zinc. Forest fruits can considerably contribute towards the human nutrient requirements. Based on the results of this study, forest foods should be considered in formulating policies governing food and nutrition security in Gabon.

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Douglas, Emily R. "Eat or Be Eaten: A Feminist Phenomenology of Women as Food." PhaenEx 8, no. 2 (December 26, 2013): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/p.v8i2.4094.

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This paper focuses around women in the food chain, not in terms of agriculture and development, but as food ourselves. I start from the work of Eva-Maria Simms and Val Plumwood, who examine being eaten by non-human animals, and by human infants and fetuses. I use Simms’s and Plumwood’s examples to argue that in viewing our human selves as edible creatures, we not only distance ourselves from the role of "eater" in the masculinist domination framework but reject and break down the very dichotomy of eater/eaten, predator/prey, diner/dinner. Through the work of Maurice-Merleau Ponty, I argue that our being edible is the obverse of our being consumers: it is this fact which is proven or fulfilled when the consumer is consumed. I then suggest that seeing ourselves as edible is both a call to a greater onto-ecological understanding and to a new understanding of the life/death/life cycle: as an asymmetrical yet symbiotic relationship between organic, decaying, and nourishing bodies.

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Meutchieye, F., K. E. C. Tsafo, and S. Niassy. "Inventory of edible insects and their harvesting methods in the Cameroon centre region." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0082.

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This paper assesses the diversity and the exploitation of edible insects in the Cameroon centre region. To achieve this, 136 regular insects’ harvesters were randomly surveyed in all regional administrative divisions. Eighteen species, mainly caterpillars, are harvested as food. Harvesting and consumption of edible insects are happening throughout the year. The harvesters use 4 methods to collect the insects: (1) semi-domestication; (2) hand picking; (3) light trapping; and (4) net trapping. The harvesting predominantly is a household subsistence activity, although some edible insects are sold. Women and teenagers are the categories involved in edible insect collection. The study is preliminary and further identification of the insect species is needed. However, it constitutes a start for further research work which should focus on nutritional values, marketing chains analysis and pre domestication of identified important species.

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Niassy, S., H. D. Affognon, K. K. M. Fiaboe, K. S. Akutse, C. M. Tanga, and S. Ekesi. "Some key elements on entomophagy in Africa: culture, gender and belief." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 2, no. 3 (June 15, 2016): 139–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2015.0084.

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Edible insects are a natural renewable food resource and, within the context of food security could be one solution for Africa. Although, entomophagy is still being practiced in Africa, there is a degree of rejection in certain milieu due to negative images associated with insects and poor awareness efforts. In order to understand the key elementsthat govern entomophagy in Africa, we conducted an online survey on edible insects in African countries anddocumented the importance of insects, cultures and believes associated to their use. We eventually looked at genderparticipation in entomophagy. Study showed that insect consumption can be restricted to one tribe, community or toa whole region. Distinct ethnic names of edible insects and their respective host plant presented in this study implythat entomophagy constitutes an important part of community livelihood and can be easily promoted. However, insects are mainly used as complementary food, and in very few occasions, as main food. They are also used for theirmedicinal, aphrodisiac and certain minor dietetic attributes. Insects are also incorporated into feeds for livestock and used as baits in fishing. A gender bias towards women and children was observed in edible insects’ collection and consumption. Although entomophagy holds great future prospects in Africa, there is a need for integration of certain key elements in the global research and development business portfolios of edible insects.

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Monfalouti, Hanae El, Zoubida Charrouf, Asma El Hamdouchi, Hanane Labraimi, Imane Chafchaouni-Moussaoui, Badreddine Kartah, Khalid El Kari, et al. "Argan Oil and Postmenopausal Moroccan Women: Impact on the Vitamin E Profile." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 1 (January 2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800113.

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Vitamin E supplements could be beneficial for postmenopausal women. To evaluate the effect of edible argan oil consumption on the antioxidant status of postmenopausal women, the vitamin E serum level of 151 menopausal women consuming either olive or argan oil was determined. Serum level of vitamin E was increased in the argan oil consumer group. Therefore, an argan oil-enriched diet can be recommended to help prevent some postmenopausal disorders.

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Adámek, Martin, Anna Adámková, Lenka Kouřimská, Jiří Mlček, Klára Vojáčková, Jana Orsavová, Martina Bučková, Oldřich Faměra, and Martin Búran. "Sensory evaluation and acceptance of food made of edible insects." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 14 (October 28, 2020): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1430.

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This paper discusses the sensory analysis of food enriched with selected edible insect species which are labelled as a novel food – house cricket (Acheta domesticus) and mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Energy bars of two different compositions with the addition of cricket flour and puff pastry bars sprinkled with the whole roasted mealworm larvae were evaluated by consumer tests performed via a questionnaire survey. Respondents represented both men and women in equal numbers and included consumers with the experience of the sensory analysis and edible insects to ensure accurate results. Sensory analyses revealed that respondents associated their tastes with already known flavors (salty, sweet, bitter, fish, French fries, chicken, and mushrooms). The most common answer from respondents was a salty taste, followed by a sweet taste. There were also unusual comparisons such as pine seeds. Consumers’ positive attitude to these energy bars has been registered which shows that the Czech consumer accepts edible insects in a suitable form as a novel food and possible part of the food basket.

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Berihun, Tariku, and Eyayu Molla. "Study on the Diversity and Use of Wild Edible Plants in Bullen District Northwest Ethiopia." Journal of Botany 2017 (May 15, 2017): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8383468.

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This study was designed to document the use and conservation of wild edible plants in Bullen district, northwestern Ethiopia. Data was collected through semistructured interview and focus group discussions. The collected data was analyzed through direct matrix ranking, pairwise ranking, and priority ranking methods. In this study, a total of 77 wild edible plant species were identified. Of these plants, trees account for 35.5% followed by shrubs (31.1%). Fruits were the most harvested parts (59.7%) followed by leaves (12.9%), roots and tubers (3.8%), and rhizomes (2.5%). These plants are consumed either raw (57.1%) and/or cooked (17%); most are collected by women (62.5%) and children (20.8%), but the participation of men is stumpy (4.2%). According to pairwise ranking analysis, fruits of Vitex doniana and the leaves of Portulaca quadrifida are the most preferred plant species because of their sweet taste. However, some of the plants have side effects causing abdominal pain, diarrhea, and constipation. Although religion and cultural norms and values play an important role in the conservation of wild edible plants, population pressure and its associated impacts contributed much to the disappearance of these plants. Thus, community participation is the suggested solution for the conservation and sustainable use of the wild edible plants in the study area.

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Kouřimská, Lenka, Veronika Kotrbová, Martin Kulma, Anna Adámková, Jiří Mlček, Monika Sabolová, and Dana Homolková. "Attitude of assessors in the Czech Republic to the consumption of house cricket Acheta domestica L. – A preliminary study." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 38, No. 1 (February 29, 2020): 72–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/49/2019-cjfs.

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Sensory acceptability of the consumption of whole baked house crickets by assessors in the Czech Republic was investigated. The main aim was to observe attitudes to eating edible insects before and after their tasting and to assess the extent of the effect of prejudices. Hedonic evaluation of the overall acceptability of edible insects was carried out under laboratory conditions by trained assessors. Of the 98 panellists, 68 were willing to evaluate the sample visually and then by tasting. They showed statistically significant differences (P < 0.0001) in overall pleasantness before tasting (40 ± 22%) and after tasting (61 ± 17%). No statistically significant differences between male and female assessors were observed, either before or after tasting. Women and younger assessors were slightly more open to entomophagy, but there were no statistically significant differences between males and females or between the two age categories (18–25 and 26–45 years of age) in the results. The preferred methods of culinary preparation of edible insects that the respondents would choose were baking, roasting and frying.<br /><br />

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Grivetti, Louis E., and Britta M. Ogle. "Value of traditional foods in meeting macro- and micronutrient needs: the wild plant connection." Nutrition Research Reviews 13, no. 1 (June 2000): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/095442200108728990.

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AbstractThe importance of edible wild plants may be traced to antiquity but systematic studies are recent. Anthropologists, botanists, ecologists, food scientists, geographers, nutritionists, physicians and sociologists have investigated cultural aspects and nutrient composition of edible species. Important contributions to the diet from edible wild plants are well documented and numerous studies reveal roles played by ‘lesser-known’ species when meeting macro- and micronutrient needs of groups at risk, whether infants and children, pregnant and/or lactating women, or the elderly. The literature is vast and scattered but information on the macro- and micronutrient content of wild plants and their importance to the human diet appear in five kinds of publications: cultural works by social scientists, descriptions and inventories by botanists, dietary assessment studies by nutritionists, intervention programmes managed by epidemiologists and physicians, and composition data generally conducted by food scientists and chemists. Many macro- and micronutrient-dense wild species deserve greater attention but lack of adequate nutrient databases, whether by region or nation, limit educational efforts to improve diets in many Third World areas. Limited and uneven compositional data generally reflect factors of cost and personal interest in key nutrients. Whilst edible wild plants are regularly deprecated by policy makers and considered to be the ‘weeds of agriculture’, it would be tragic if this led to loss of ability to identify and consume these important available species.

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Aragaw, Habtamu Seyoum, Donatus Nohr, and Daniel Callo-Concha. "Nutritional potential of underutilized edible plant species in coffee agroforestry systems of Yayu, southwestern Ethiopia." Agroforestry Systems 95, no. 6 (April 23, 2021): 1047–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00626-6.

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AbstractEthiopia is confronted with the paradox of hosting hundreds of edible plants and having high food and nutritional insecurity. Meals are mainly made up of staples and often lack of protein and micronutrients. Therefore, a large section of the population, particularly children and women, are malnourished. We hypothesize that wild edible plant species can contribute to fulfil the micronutrient demands of local people. Hence, we assessed the nutritional potential of underutilized edible plant species growing in understories of coffee agroforestry systems of southwestern Ethiopia. An ethnobotanical household survey (n = 300) documented the edible existing plants; and a promising subset of them (n = 12) was analysed for nutrient and antinutritional factor content in the lab. All 12 species, except fruits, have higher calcium, iron and zinc contents compared to regularly cultivated crops. Vitamin C was high in Syzygium guineense (330.72 mg/100 g edible parts or EP) and Rubus apetalus (294.19 mg/100 g). Beta-carotene ranged from 9.2 to 75 µg retinol activity equivalent (RAE) /100 g 25 among all species, but was exceptionally high in Rubus apetalus (161.7 µg RAE/100 g). Concerning the antinutritional factors, phytate content varied from 31.06 to 601.65 µg/100 g, being lower in Dioscorea prehensilis (31.06 µg/100 g) and D. alata (90.17 µg/100 g) compared to Carissa spinarum (601.65 µg/100 g) and Solanum nigrum (536.48 µg/100 g). Thus, we conclude that the assessed underutilized species are potential sources of dietary nutrients locally needed, and are notable Amaranthus graecizans, Portulaca oleracea and Dioscorea cayenensis as providers of Ca, Fe and Zn, and the fruit Rubus apetalus of provitamin A.

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Acosta-Naranjo, Rufino, Ramón Rodríguez-Franco, Antonio Jesús Guzmán-Troncoso, Manuel Pardo-de-Santayana, Laura Aceituno-Mata, José Gómez-Melara, Pablo Domínguez, Isabel Díaz-Reviriego, Jessica González-Nateras, and Victoria Reyes-García. "Gender Differences in Knowledge, Use, and Collection of Wild Edible Plants in Three Spanish Areas." Sustainability 13, no. 5 (March 2, 2021): 2639. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13052639.

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Many ethnobotanical studies have shown differences in the knowledge and practices held by men and women. Using ethnographic fieldwork, a survey, and secondary data from three different areas in Spain, this study shows a geographical pattern in women’s and men’s relations with wild edible plants. In the case studies from Southern Spain, Doñana, and Sierra Morena Extremeña, women gather less wild edible plants than men, while in the Central Spain case study, Sierra Norte de Madrid, the difference is less marked. We explain this difference through the construction and distribution of agrarian spaces, particularly with regards to land tenure type and urban centers size. In the southern cases, large agrarian properties are more prevalent than in Sierra Norte de Madrid, where common lands and small and medium properties predominate. Additionally, in Doñana, big urban agro-towns dominate, whereas in Sierra Norte de Madrid and Sierra Morena Extremeña little towns are the norm. Overall, our study suggests that gendered differences in the use of natural resources are better understood if contextualized in a large socioecological context.

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Rosa, Rafaela Henriques, Melina Ribeiro Fernandes, Elaine Silva de Pádua Melo, Daniela Granja Arakaki, Nayara Vieira de Lima, Luana Carolina Santos Leite, Paulo Renato Espindola, et al. "Determination of Macro- and Microelements in the Inflorescences of Banana Tree Using ICP OES: Evaluation of the Daily Recommendations of Intake for Humans." Scientific World Journal 2020 (November 16, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8383612.

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The inflorescence of Musa paradisiaca, known as “banana heart” is a structure that includes flowers and bracts of banana, commonly used as food source worldwide. The aims of this study were (1) to determine the mineral components of Musa paradisiaca and (2) to compare the obtained results with previously reported data of Recommendation Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and edible plant permissible limits set by FAO/WHO. The samples were digested using microwave-assisted equipment, while elemental contents were determined by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP OES). Metal (Mg, Ca, Cr, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) and nonmetal (S and P) contents were detected. According to RDA, the inflorescences could be excellent sources of Mg, P, Cr, Cu, Zn, and Fe for females, males, and pregnant women, all age 31–50 y, as well as children (4–8 y). Bracts are good source of Zn for male and pregnant women and good source of Fe for children. All the samples contained considerable amounts of Mg, Ca, P, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Fe, which were quite low to induce deleterious effects (UL). FAO/WHO limits for edible plants have not yet been established for S, P, Mg, and Ca, but Ni and Zn are below of those limit values. However, Cr and Cu concentrations are higher than the values established for edible plants and may pose a threat to human health. Farmers should be encouraged by government agencies, not only for sustainability of production but also to ensure the storage and trade of banana tree inflorescence.

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KERR, RACHEL BEZNER, SIEGLINDE SNAPP, MARKO CHIRWA (deceased), LIZZIE SHUMBA, and RODGERS MSACHI. "PARTICIPATORY RESEARCH ON LEGUME DIVERSIFICATION WITH MALAWIAN SMALLHOLDER FARMERS FOR IMPROVED HUMAN NUTRITION AND SOIL FERTILITY." Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 4 (October 2007): 437–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0014479707005339.

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Legume species are uniquely suited to enhance soil productivity and provide nutrient-enriched grains and vegetables for limited-resource farmers. Yet substantial barriers to diversification with legumes exist, such as moderate yield potential and establishment costs, indicating the need for long-term engagement and farmer-centered research and extension. This review and in-depth analysis of a Malawian case study illustrates that farmer experimentation and adoption of legumes can be fostered among even the most resource-poor smallholders. Multi-educational activities and participatory research involving farmer research teams was carried out with 80 communities. Over five years more than 3000 farmers tested legumes and gained knowledge of legume contributions to child nutrition and soil productivity. The average area of expansion of legume systems was 862 m2 in 2005; 772 m2 for women and 956 m2 for men indicating a gender dimension to legume adoption. Farmers chose edible legume intercrops such as pigeonpea and groundnut over the mucuna green manure system, particularly women farmers. Interestingly, expansion in area of doubled-up edible legumes (854 m2 in 2005) was practiced by more farmers, but was a smaller area than that of mucuna green manure system (1429 m2). An information gap was discovered around the biological consequences of legume residue management. Education on the soil benefits of improved residue management and participatory methods of knowledge sharing were associated with enhanced labour investment; 72 % of farmers reported burying legume residues in 2005 compared to 15 % in 2000. Households reported feeding significantly more edible legumes to their children compared with control households. Participatory research that incorporated nutritional education fostered discussions within households and communities, the foundation for sustained adoption of legume-diversified systems.

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Cox, S., C. Payne, A. Badolo, R. Attenborough, and C. Milbank. "The nutritional role of insects as food: a case study of ‘chitoumou’ (Cirina butyrospermi), an edible caterpillar in rural Burkina Faso." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 6, no. 1 (February 6, 2020): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2018.0030.

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Insects are frequently promoted as a nutritious food. Yet they are a diverse class, and few data are available on their dietary role. In this paper, we present novel data on the nutritional role of ‘chitoumou’, the edible caterpillar Cirina butyrospermi, in the diet of rural smallholder farmers in southwestern Burkina Faso. We collected detailed dietary data via 24-h recall interviews (n=64), which we conducted with women who were predominantly responsible for making decisions on food preparation for their households (n=16) during and out of caterpillar season. We found that ethnicity did not predict caterpillar consumption. Diets that contained caterpillars were richer in protein (P<0.05) and calcium (P<0.05), key nutrients for combating malnutrition in this region. We conclude that edible insects play an important nutritional role among smallholder communities in southwestern Burkina Faso, but that more data are required to confirm the bioavailability of nutrients found in caterpillars, the effect of the cooking process on caterpillar nutritional quality and consequent health outcomes for people that consume them. To inform policy and the way in which insects are promoted as food, it is imperative that further research is done to quantify the nutritional role of edible insects in current human diets.

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Dollins, Elizabeth. "WOMEN'S VOICES IN THE LUCIANICONOS:THE TALE OF THE ‘EDIBLE MAN’." Cambridge Classical Journal 61 (July 20, 2015): 15–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1750270515000044.

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This article argues that female characters are active participants in the text of theOnos. Among women who are in control of their experiences we encounter the slave girl Palaestra. She uses a forceful metaphor equating a man with the food being prepared in her kitchen, which prefigures much of the ensuing narrative and has the effect of transforming Lucius into food/text to be consumed by the reader. It becomes clear that she and various other female characters, whose abilities go further than the usual novelistic antagonistic skill of controlling their own experience and manipulating other characters, choose and choreograph Lucius' narrative.

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Vosti, Stephen, Reina Engle-Stone, Demewoz Woldegebreal, Hanqi Luo, Elias Asfaw, Justin Kagin, Tibebu Moges, and Biniyam Tesfaye. "Estimated Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of a Fortified Edible Oils Program in Ethiopia." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1735. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa064_025.

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Abstract Objectives In Ethiopia, standards for fortifying edible oil with vitamin A (VA) exist; they are not yet mandatory. This study assessed inadequate VA intake among children 6–35 months of age and women of reproductive age (WRA), modeled the potential impacts of VA-fortified edible oil on dietary VA adequacy and number of young lives saved, and estimated the cost-effectiveness of this program. Methods Using an adapted 1-day version of the National Cancer Institute method, we analyzed national dietary intake data from the Ethiopian National Food Consumption Survey to estimate usual VA intake and calculate prevalence of inadequate intake (proportion below the Estimated Average Requirement). The Lives Saved Tool (LiST) was used to predict the number of lives saved among children. Program costs were estimated using an activity-based approach and applied to calculate cost-effectiveness of the oil fortification program. Results Nationally, the prevalence of inadequate VA intake was high (∼80% children, ∼82% among women), with substantial spatial variation (children: 92% Amhara to 55% Gambella; WRA: 94% Amhara to 50% SNNP). Simulation results suggest that an edible oil fortification program (2000µg retinol/100g oil) would reduce, but not eliminate, inadequate VA intake among both groups. Nationally, a well-managed oil fortification program would reduce the prevalence of inadequate VA intake among children and WRA by ∼18 and ∼15 percentage points (pp), respectively; for children ∼38 pp in Addis Ababa but by only ∼8 pp in SNNP. Over 10 years, a well-managed program could save between ∼3700–5100 lives, just among non-breastfed children. A program to fortify imported oils (∼98% of all oils consumed in Ethiopia) with VA, including start-up investments and recurring M&E and border inspection activities, would cost ∼US$3.6m over 10 years. The cost-effectiveness of this program over a 10-year period would range from US$706-US$973 per life saved among non-breastfed children. Conclusions Results suggest that fortifying imported edible oils in Ethiopia is a cost-effective way to save young lives. However, this program alone will not be sufficient to eliminate all VA deficiency. Many options for complementary programs exist; program- and region-specific cost-effectiveness measures can help guide policy discussions. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

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Akullo, J., B. B. Obaa, J. Okwee Acai, D. Nakimbugwe, and J. G. Agea. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices on edible insects in Lango sub-region, northern Uganda." Journal of Insects as Food and Feed 3, no. 2 (June 16, 2017): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/jiff2016.0033.

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The study was done to determine the knowledge, attitude and practices towards edible insects, their consumption and practices of harvesting and processing in Lango sub-region, with the aim of increasing their consumption and improving nutrition of the people. Data was collected using semi structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. Common insect orders used as food in the area included: Isoptera (termites), Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets), and Hymenoptera (honey bee broods). Winged termites (Macrotermes spp.), locally known as Ngwen was consumed by more than 97% of the respondents. Soldier termites (Syntermes soldiers), locally called okok, were consumed by 73% of the respondents and crickets (Brachytrupes spp.), locally known as odir, was consumed by 69% of respondents. These insects were seasonally abundant and consumed in households in seasons of availability. Winged and soldier termites were harvested by attraction to light at the termite mound and by ‘termite fishing’ technique, respectively. Grasshoppers were harvested by hand picking from cropland bushes. Women and children were more actively involved in collection of insects than men. Pan frying, roasting, boiling followed by sun drying were the most common methods of processing insects. Dried insects were either served as snacks or a side dish. A main dish locally known as alakena is prepared from freshly ground termites. Dried winged termites were preserved for consumption at a later date. Women and children consumed more edible insects than men. The results show that insects are important as a food resource to the rural poor. However, majority of the respondents did not know that insects are nutritious. Therefore there is need to popularise consumption of edible insects in and outside the subregion through research on nutritional values of insects and documenting the information and processing insects using modern techniques in order to increase its commercial value and availability of insect products in all seasons.

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Goldman, Josephine. "Embodied Antillean women." Francosphères 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 131–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/franc.2020.13.

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This article explores the intersection of gender and cultural identities in two novels, Simone Schwarz-Bart’s Pluie et vent sur Télumée Miracle (1972) and Suzanne Dracius’s L’Autre qui danse (1989). Through comparative and close analyses, this article demonstrates that these two Antillean francophone women writers reject and renegotiate sexist and essentialist tendencies, in particular the auto-exoticization and disembodiment of women characters across the body of Antillean literature. These tendencies are notably present within Antillanité and Créolité, two dominant concepts of twentieth-century Antillean literature and thought. This article first explores these two writers’ responses to auto-exoticization, demonstrating how their literary treatment of women’s sexuality diverges markedly from hypersexualized portrayals of women by certain Créoliste authors. The article also examines the representation of Creole cuisine and language, and calls into question Antillean literature scholar Celia Britton’s argument that these two elements tend to reduce Antillean texts to ‘edible’ objects of exotic pleasure. In its second section, this article investigates Édouard Glissant’s concept of opacité. It suggests that Schwarz-Bart and Dracius adapt Glissant’s opacité to present women as impervious human subjects whose bodies do not make them exotic stereotypes but rather figures of resistance to masculine violence and colonialism.

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Swanepoel, Libby, Tereere Tioti, Taati Eria, Karibanang Tamuera, Ulusapeti Tiitii, Silva Larson, and Nicholas Paul. "Supporting Women’s Participation in Developing A Seaweed Supply Chain in Kiribati for Health and Nutrition." Foods 9, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 382. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9040382.

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Seaweeds are a source of food throughout the Pacific region. Kiribati, however, does not have a strong history of using seaweed in their diets, despite having reliable access to indigenous edible seaweeds. A series of peer-led seaweed training workshops held in Kiribati between 2018 and 2019 provided women with knowledge, skills, and motivational support needed to engage in the seaweed supply chain, from harvesting, processing, and marketing to consumption. This study aimed to identify opportunities and enablers to support women’s participation across the seaweed supply chain. Structured interviews with 49 women explored their interest and expected costs and benefits from involvement in the supply chain. There was high interest in most seaweed-related activities and the key motivators were health and nutrition for themselves and their family. Participants were also interested in developing and sharing new skills and saw the potential for income generation. However, there were also clear barriers including a desire for further training in seaweed harvesting, processing, and recipe creation; additional social support; and in public promotion. Given the natural resources and desire of women to engage in developing this new edible seaweed supply chain in Kiribati, there is now a need for capacity development to build social and economic wellbeing and food security across the broader community. Additional peer-to-peer training opportunities may look to other Pacific Islands where seaweed is already an established and traditional food.

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Dop, Marie Claude, Fayçal Kefi, Olfa Karous, Eric O. Verger, Asma Bahrini, Zeineb Ghrabi, Jalila El Ati, Gina Kennedy, and Céline Termote. "Identification and frequency of consumption of wild edible plants over a year in central Tunisia: a mixed-methods approach." Public Health Nutrition 23, no. 5 (December 20, 2019): 782–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980019003409.

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AbstractObjective:To identify wild plants used as food and assess their frequency of consumption over a year in a region of Tunisia where agriculture is undergoing a major transformation from smallholder farming to an intensive high-input agricultural system.Design:Qualitative ethnobotanical study followed by a survey of women’s frequency of consumption of wild plants conducted using FFQ at quarterly intervals.Setting:Sidi Bouzid governorate of central Tunisia.Participants:Mixed-gender group of key informants (n 14) and focus group participants (n 43). Survey sample of women aged 20–49 years, representative at governorate level (n 584).Results:Ethnobotanical study: thirty folk species of wild edible plants corresponding to thirty-five taxa were identified by key informants, while twenty folk species (twenty-five taxa) were described by focus groups as commonly eaten. Population-based survey: 98 % of women had consumed a wild plant over the year, with a median frequency of 2 d/month. Wild and semi-domesticated fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. and Anethum graveolens) was the most frequently consumed folk species. Women in the upper tertile of wild plant consumption frequency were more likely to be in their 30s, to live in an urban area, to have non-monetary access to foods from their extended family and to belong to wealthier households.Conclusions:In this population, wild edible plants, predominantly leafy vegetables, are appreciated but consumed infrequently. Their favourable perception, however, offers an opportunity for promoting their consumption which could play a role in providing healthy diets and mitigating the obesity epidemic that is affecting the Tunisian population.

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Tokuç, Burcu, Galip Ekuklu, and Serap Avcioğlu. "Domestic Violence Against Married Women in Edirne." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 25, no. 5 (July 8, 2009): 832–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260509336960.

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D’Imperio, Massimiliano, Angelo Parente, Francesco F. Montesano, Massimiliano Renna, Antonio F. Logrieco, and Francesco Serio. "Boron Biofortification of Portulaca oleracea L. through Soilless Cultivation for a New Tailored Crop." Agronomy 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2020): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10070999.

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Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a wild edible plant, traditionally consumed in the Mediterranean area and recently proposed as a new ready-to-eat vegetable; it is also called the “vegetable for long life” because of the high contents of several healthy compounds. Although boron (B) is not considered to be essential for humans, a daily intake of about 2 mg to obtain positive effects on aging in adult men and women has been suggested. In this study, two genotypes of purslane (wild collected and commercial variety) are grown by using a hydroponic system with three boron (B) levels in the nutrient solution (NS) (0.3 mg/L—control, 3 mg/L—low level of biofortification, and 6 mg/L—high level of biofortification) in order to increase the B content in the edible parts of the plant. The crop yield, color traits, and content of glucose, fructose, total phenols, chlorophylls, carotenoids, mineral elements (Al, B, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, and Zn), nitrate, and oxalate are analyzed. Independent of the genotype, the B content in edible purslane was successfully increased in comparison with the control, obtaining 1.8- to 10.7-fold higher values of B tissue concentrations by using, respectively, 3 and 6 mg/L of B in the NS without affecting crop performances. From a nutritional point of view, the average daily intake of B could be satisfied by consuming about 75 or 48 g of purslane, grown by using 3 and 6 mg/L B level in the NS, respectively. Apart from B and Fe, the content of mineral elements in edible parts of purslane was not strongly influenced by different B levels in the NS but it was affected by genotypes. A lower sugar content was found in wild purslane grown with the highest B level. A higher content of both chlorophylls and carotenoids was found in the control but only for the commercial genotype. No differences in oxalate content were observed among B levels in the NS, while only in the case of wild genotype, we found a lower nitrate content when a B concentration of 3 mg/L was used in the NS. In conclusion, we demonstrated the possibility of using the floating hydroponic system, combined with specific B concentrations in the NS composition, as a method to calibrate the B uptake in edible parts of purslane.

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Esposito, Sabrina, Alessandro Bianco, Rosita Russo, Antimo Di Maro, Carla Isernia, and Paolo Pedone. "Therapeutic Perspectives of Molecules from Urtica dioica Extracts for Cancer Treatment." Molecules 24, no. 15 (July 29, 2019): 2753. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24152753.

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A large range of chronic and degenerative diseases can be prevented through the use of food products and food bioactives. This study reports the health benefits and biological activities of the Urtica dioica (U. dioica) edible plant, with particular focus on its cancer chemopreventive potential. Numerous studies have attempted to investigate the most efficient anti-cancer therapy with few side effects and high toxicity on cancer cells to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells and the adverse effects of current therapies. In this regard, natural products from edible plants have been assessed as sources of anti-cancer agents. In this article, we review current knowledge from studies that have examined the cytotoxic, anti-tumor and anti-metastatic effects of U. dioica plant on several human cancers. Special attention has been dedicated to the treatment of breast cancer, the most prevalent cancer among women and one of the main causes of death worldwide. The anti-proliferative and apoptotic effects of U. dioica have been demonstrated on different human cancers, investigating the properties of U. dioica at cellular and molecular levels. The potent cytotoxicity and anti-cancer activity of the U. dioica extracts are due to its bioactive natural products content, including polyphenols which reportedly possess anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic and anti-proliferative properties. The efficacy of this edible plant to prevent or mitigate human cancers has been demonstrated in laboratory conditions as well as in experimental animal models, paving the way to the development of nutraceuticals for new anti-cancer therapies.

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Wa Ngoy Kashiki, Bill Kasongo, André De Kesel, Ernest Kabange Mukala, Koen Bostoen, and Jérôme Degreef. "Edible Fungi Consumed by the Lamba and Bemba People of Haut-Katanga (DR Congo)." European Journal of Agriculture and Food Sciences 3, no. 3 (May 17, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejfood.2021.3.3.289.

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The objective of this work is to establish a list of species of edible fungi consumed by the Lamba and Bemba people of Haut-Katanga (DR Congo). This study contributes to the valorization of edible fungi gathered in the miombo woodlands of Haut-Katanga. A survey was conducted among Lamba and Bemba people of the peri-urban area of Lubumbashi. The first author conducted structured and semi-structured surveys among 331 people, mostly women aged 30-50. The results show the existence of thirty-eight edible species belonging to 9 genera and 8 families. The majority is ectomycorrhizal (66%) followed by Termitomyces (21%), while only a few are saprotrophic (13%). Lamba and Bemba people consume all taxa. Twenty-three local names have been recorded in their respective languages, i.e., Kilamba and Kibemba, two closely related Bantu languages belonging to the family’s Eastern clade. The Lamba and Bemba do not consume species of the genera Russula (Russulaceae) and Boletus (Boletaceae). We succeeded in reconstructing the conceptualization underlying the creation of several Kibemba and Kilamba mushroom names. Popular and scientific taxonomies rarely overlap: one and the same species may have different names in Kilamba and Kibemba, while one and the same name in Kilamba and/or Kibemba is often used for several congeneric species. Species considered toxic and not consumed do not have a Kilamba or Kibemba name of their own. Instead, they are collectively referred to by a term fyana fya bene, literally meaning “big (dangerous) children of them” and signaling that local consumers reject those species.

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ŞAHİN, Erkan Melih, and Tülay ALTINEL. "Perceived Social Support and Affecting Factors in Women Living in Edirne." Turkiye Klinikleri Journal of Medical Sciences 30, no. 3 (2010): 864–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5336/medsci.2008-9772.

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Reeves, Philip G., Emily J. Nielsen, Cynthia O'Brien-Nimens, and Richard A. Vanderpool. "Cadmium Bioavailability from Edible Sunflower Kernels: A Long-Term Study with Men and Women Volunteers." Environmental Research 87, no. 2 (October 2001): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/enrs.2001.4289.

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Rubio, Carmen, Soraya Paz, Iballa Ojeda, Angel J. Gutiérrez, Dailos González-Weller, Arturo Hardisson, and Consuelo Revert. "Dietary Intake of Metals from Fresh Cage-Reared Hens’ Eggs in Tenerife, Canary Islands." Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5972153.

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The concentrations of 20 metals (Na, K, Ca, Mg, V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, Cr, Mo, Co, B, Ba, Sr, Ni, Si, Al, Pb, and Cd) in cage-reared hens’ eggs have been determined in this study using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). There were significant differences in the metal content depending on the edible part of the egg, with the yolk having the greater concentrations of metals. The daily consumption of eggs (24.3 g/person/day for children and 31.2 g/person/day for adults) contributes to the intake of trace metals, notably Fe (3.8% children, 3.2% women, and 6.5% men) and Zn (4.5% children, 6.6% women, and 4.9% men). In addition, the consumption of eggs does not imply a high contribution of toxic metals.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The Edible Woman'

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