Academic literature on the topic 'The Edo period'

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Journal articles on the topic "The Edo period"

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Yanagi, Tetsuo. "Tide Table in Edo-Period." Oceanography in Japan 2, no. 5 (1993): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5928/kaiyou.2.387.

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SHIBATANI, Soshuku. "Edo Period Shikoku Bangai Fudasho:." Journal of Indian and Buddhist Studies (Indogaku Bukkyogaku Kenkyu) 58, no. 2 (2010): 837–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4259/ibk.58.2_837.

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NISHIDA, Yukio, Makoto TSUJIMOTO, and Takeshi TOKUNAGA. "STUDY OF FIRES ON EDO AREA DURING EDO PERIOD(Fire Safety)." AIJ Journal of Technology and Design 9, no. 17 (2003): 197–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aijt.9.197_1.

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Graham, Patricia J., Richard L. Wilson, and Melinda Takeuchi. "Two Artists of the Edo Period." Monumenta Nipponica 48, no. 1 (1993): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2385467.

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Gunji, Naoko. "HeikePaintings in the Early Edo Period." Archives of Asian Art 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00666637-3788627.

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MARUYAMA, Hiroshi. "The Gardening Boom in Edo Period." Journal of the Japanese Institute of Landscape Architecture 65, no. 1 (2001): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5632/jila.65.13.

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Doan Lien Khe, Vu. "Edo Shigusa- A system of behavior manners for Japanese merchants in Edo period." Science & Technology Development Journal - Social Sciences & Humanities 3, no. 4 (April 2, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjssh.v3i4.531.

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Edo Shigusa was a system of behavior manners for Japanese merchants, was taught in the late Edo period. In the process of forming and developing this manner, the Edo-period instructors encountered many objections from the Tokugawa shogunate because they thought that its syllabus risked influence on the politics of the nation, causing Edo merchants not publicly but only in the form of word of mouth. Professor Shiba Mitsuakira was the instructor of Edo Shigusa, who is considered as the last surviving member of Edo Shigusa instructors, holded the seminar "Looking back to the good points of Edo Shigusa" in 1974. He synthesized all of syllabus in the Edo period, calling these manners are "Merchant manners", "Prosperity rules", "Edo Shigusa business philosophers" and finally, named them as “Edo Shigusa”. After restoration and development since 1980, Edo Shigusa has become a common standard in communication, a measure of manners not only for Japanese businessmen but also for ordinary people today. This study, from a cultural point of view, outlines some manners for Japanese merchants in the Edo period, influences in today's era, and analyzes its good and bad sides to explain the general information of Japanese businessmen in particular and Japanese people in general.
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大木 康. "Sharebon in Japan's Edo Period andChinese Literature." DAEDONG MUNHWA YEON'GU ll, no. 98 (June 2017): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.18219/ddmh..98.201706.191.

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Ikkai, Chie. "Women's Sumo Show of the Edo Period." Japan Journal of Sport Anthropology 2002, no. 4 (2003): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7192/santhropology.2002.17.

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Sato, Kenichi. "Mathematicians' Activity and Dream in Edo Period." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 11, no. 10 (2006): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.11.10_90.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Edo period"

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Nagase, Mari. "Women writers of Chinese poetry in late-Edo period Japan." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/31444.

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his dissertation investigates kanshi poems written by three Japanese women: Ema Saiko (1787-1861), Hara Saihin (1798-1859), and Takahashi Gyokusho (1802-1868). These three women from the late Edo period cultivated excellent literacy in classical Chinese and established their reputations as scholars and poets. However, their works in Chinese have been underestimated in modern scholarship. The goal of my dissertation is to re-situate these highly literary women more accurately in the discourse of "Japanese literature," while challenging established ideas about "women's literature" and "Edo literature." The introductory chapter argues against the dismissal of Edo-period women kanshi writers. Firstly, it examines the general underestimation of women writers from the Edo period and the dismissal of works written in Chinese from the category of "Japanese literature." Secondly, it investigates the late Edo-period cultural and ideological background, which supported the emergence of women kanshi writers. The next three chapters explore works of each poet. Saihin was a vigorous scholar and poet from Kyushu. She lived in Edo for twenty years, determined to make herself a successful Confucian scholar. I illuminate her complex gender identification, as presented in her poems, while describing her astounding aspirations. Ema Saiko, a scholar-painter and poet, is known for her feminine style in the genre of kanshi. While I examine her conscious use of "feminine expressions," I also present the diversity of her poetic subjects. Takahashi Gyokusho from Sendai established herself as an educator and poet in Edo. She often hosted fund-raising literary parties, and published two anthologies during her lifetime. A comparison of Gyokusho and Saihin, two female scholars who lived in Edo, elucidates how affiliations with different poetic societies affected their careers and poetry. The relative prominence of women kanshi writers in the late Edo period becomes clear through this study. The kanshi writers were, indeed, precursors of early modern Japanese women educators and writers. This dissertation bridges the literary effort by women of the Edo and Meiji periods, while contributing to a revision of the history of women's literature in Japan and correcting a distorted image of the literary environment for women of the Edo period.
Arts, Faculty of
Asian Studies, Department of
Graduate
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Hosking, Rosalie Joan. "Context-Dependence of Mathematical Activity: A Case Study Concerning Edo Period Japan." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Humanities, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6578.

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At the beginning of the Edo period (1600-1868 CE) the Japanese Tokugawa shōgunate enforced the famous closed country policy. During the period of isolation that would ensue until the Meiji Restoration, mathematics flourished like never before. The new tradition that arose was rich and diverse, with mathematics manifesting itself through different practitioners in many different ways. And, for the first time in Japanese history, mathematics began to diverge from Chinese practice, developing a uniquely Japanese identity. Because of this, we therefore can look to Edo mathematics with the expectation that it can especially clearly illustrate cultural variability in the practice of mathematics if it is the case that there exists such. The present thesis examines whether cultural-contextual factors from within the isolated Edo environment impacted individual practitioners of mathematics to result in the variation and uniqueness that appeared. Also, it highlights and addresses what the consequences might be for historians, philosophers, and mathematicians if such an influence did occur.
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Damian, Michelle Rodgers Bradley. "Archaeology through Art: Japanese Vernacular Craft in Late Edo-Period Woodblock Prints." [Greenville, N.C.] : East Carolina University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10342/2738.

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Traganou, Georgia. "The transformations of the Tôkaidô from the Edo to the Meiji Period." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286123.

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Papp, Zilia English Media &amp Performing Arts Faculty of Arts &amp Social Sciences UNSW. "Investigating the influence of Edo and Meiji period monster art on contemporary Japanese visual media." Publisher:University of New South Wales. English, Media, & Performing Arts, 2008. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/41276.

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Abstract Japanese anime being an important part of modern and contemporary popular visual culture, its aesthetic merits, its roots in Japanese visual arts as well as its rich symbology derived from Japanese folkloristic, literary and religious themes are worth investigating. This research aims to track the visual links between Edo and Meiji period monster art (y??kai-ga) paintings and modern day anime by concentrating on the works of Edo and Meiji period painters and the post-war period animation and manga series Gegegeno Kitaro, created by Mizuki Shigeru. Some of the Japanese origins of anime and manga imagery can be traced back to the early 12th century Ch??j?? Giga animal scrolls, where comic art and narrative pictures first appear. However, more recent sources are found in woodblock prints of the late Edo period. These prints are the forerunners of manga in that dialogues appear with the image, generally no anatomical details are given nor are they in perspective, but often a mood is expressed in a cartoon-like manner. The visual rendering of y??kai (monsters) is a Japanese cultural phenomenon: y??kai paintings originate in the Muromachi period, and take up part of the visual arts of that era. The distinct monster (y??kai) imagery emerging in the late Edo to early Meiji periods is the focus of this research. Investigating the Gegegeno Kitaro series, the study pinpoints the visual roots of the animation characters in the context of y??kai folklore and Edo and Meiji period monster painting traditions. Being a very popular series consisting of numerous episodes broadcast from the 1960s to the present time, by analyzing the changing images related to the representation of monsters in the series the study documents the changes in the perception of monsters in this time period, while it reflects on the importance of Mizuki??s work in keeping visual traditions alive and educating new audiences about folklore by recasting y??kai imagery in modern day settings in an innovative way. Additionally, by analyzing and comparing character, set, costume and mask design, plot and storyline of y??kai-themed films, the study attempts to shed light on the roles the representations of y??kai have been assigned in post-war Japanese cinema.
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Pironti, Elinor Dei Tos. "The interconnection of culture and manufacture in Japanese No theater costume| Conservation of an Edo Period choken." Thesis, Fashion Institute of Technology, SUNY, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10140949.

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The subject of this qualifying paper is an Edo Period Nō theater chōken. Upon receipt, this choken was in very poor condition. There were six types of damage that needed treatment.

First, there was extensive warp breakage along the full length of the shoulders and sleeve bottoms and one area of full loss to the base fabric, exposing wefts. Second, a couched metallic thread was used as an outline to five vase motifs and as patterning for four butterflies. All used ‘urushi,’ better known as Japanese lacquer, for an adhesive binding a metal foil its paper substrate. This couched thread had either loss to the metallic surface, to the combined metallic and lacquer surface, or was hanging, and at times twisted back upon itself. Third, there was a cut and finely woven, metallic coated paper used for some of the leaf and insect wing motifs that was tattered, unaligned, had loss to its metallic surface, and was not secure to the base fabric. Fourth, there were areas of weft breakage exposing warps. Fifth, the six exposed selvages that run the full length of the two sleeves and one body panel all needed to be strengthened. Sixth, there was one 3 by 4 inch area in the lower back of the body panel which had complete fabric loss.

Untreated areas were: areas of warp distortion in the front body panel; a few loose embroidery threads throughout the five floral/vase motifs; and a small amount of loss due to insect infestation.

Research was done and methods developed in order to find treatment techniques for the lacquer based metallic thread, the cut and woven paper motifs, and the extensive warp breakage extending along the shoulders and sleeve bottoms.

Due to the difficulty of finding English equivalents to Japanese textile terminology, I included a Comparative Glossary that I hope will be useful to other researchers in this field.

This project proved to be challenging, but in the end, very rewarding with a new body of knowledge concerning materials used in this type of cultural object.

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Kovacic, Mateja. "Technologies and paradigms of vision: from the scientific revolution of the Edo period to contemporary Japanese animation." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2016. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/317.

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This thesis is mainly concerned with uncovering the meanings and associations embedded in the field of popular culture production in Japanese and European sociocultural contexts, using a comparative approach to unearth the effects, materials, and paradigms of the technological and scientific discourses during the Scientific Revolution. Linking the fields of the anthropology of technology and science, popular culture, and material culture studies, the thesis offers a historical overview of the development of machines and visual technologies in the Edo period, arguing that visuality is the key to delayering the cultural history of technology and science in Japanese popular culture, animation in particular. The objective of this work, therefore, is to look at the assemblage of the scientific, technological, and philosophical discourses to unveil the cultural processes between optical regimes, scientific practices, and popular culture. In its emphasis on the interconnectedness of visual technologies and the field of popular culture production, the thesis asserts that scientific development, particularly under the influence of the Scientific Revolution and Japanese Rangaku scholarship, is closely tied with the function of entertainment in Japanese society. With the understanding of technology as a total social phenomenon that interlocks the material and the symbolic in a complex network, which produces meanings and associations, the thesis further stresses the view that intellectual history cannot be separated from material culture studies; it also grapples with a number of existing scholarships on the history of science, particularly their inattentiveness to cultural histories in their historical surveys of scientific development. Finally, this work closely examines Oshii Mamoru's Ghost in the Shell and its sequels and the anime TV series Psycho-Pass to explore the tangled responses to the ideologies of the Euro-American mode of modernity.
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Hurpeau, Guillaume. "Histoire du thé au Japon : techniques culturales et de fabrication du thé à l'époque Edo." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEP059/document.

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La majorité des études sur le thé au Japon se consacre à la cérémonie du thé. Dans cette étude, nous nous proposons au contraire d’analyser l’histoire du thé au Japon du strict point de vue des techniques de culture et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo (1600-1868). Dans un premier temps, l’étude se concentre sur l’histoire du thé au Japon depuis son apparition au VIIIe siècle jusqu’au milieu du XIXe siècle. Cette partie abordera l’ensemble du développement de la filière du thé en s’attachant aux points suivants : l’évolution de la consommation du thé sur l’archipel, les différentes techniques de fabrication utilisées et enfin la mise en place des circuits économiques nécessaires au commerce intérieur du thé. Cette étude tentera de comprendre le passage d’une consommation par les élites à une consommation par l’ensemble de la population, ainsi que les implications de cette évolution. Dans un second temps, ce travail se focalisera sur l’étude des techniques de culture et de fabrication du thé à l’époque Edo. De multiples sources historiques sont examinées pour cela : comptes rendus de voyages de savants occidentaux, documents iconographiques divers, mais ce travail s’attache plus spécifiquement à l’analyse des nombreux traités agricoles de l’époque Edo. Ainsi, la description détaillée des différents procédés de fabrication de cette époque permet de comprendre les liens qu’il peut exister entre les différentes techniques, et de réfléchir aux modalités de création et d’amélioration des thés japonais
Most studies related to Japan’s tea are about the tea ceremony. On the contrary, in this study we are proposing to analyze the history of tea in Japan from the strict point of view of tea culture and manufacture’s techniques in the Edo period (1600-1868). First of all, the study focuses on the history of Japan’s tea from its emergence in the 8th century, up until the mid-19th century. This part will deal with the whole development of the tea sector, focusing on the following points: the evolution of tea consumption on the archipelago, the different manufacturing techniques used and finally the implementation of the economic systems, necessary to the domestic trade. This study is trying to understand the transition from the consumption by the elites only, to the consumption by the entire population, as well as the implications of this evolution. Finally, this study will focus on the study of tea’s culture and manufacture techniques during the Edo period. To do so, we will look at many historical sources: reports and diaries of Western travelers, various iconographic documents, but this thesis will mainly be focusing on the analysis of many agricultural treaties during the Edo period. Therefore, this detailed description of the various manufacturing processes of this period makes it possible to understand the existing links between the different techniques, and to think about the methods of creation and improvement of Japanese teas
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Wright, Diana Elizabeth. "The power of religion/the religion of power, religious activities as Upaya for women of the Edo period. the case of Mantokuji." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1996. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ27809.pdf.

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Williams, Kristin Holly. "Visualizing the Child: Japanese Children's Literature in the Age of Woodblock Print, 1678-1888." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10112.

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Children’s literature flourished in Edo-period Japan, as this dissertation shows through a survey of eighteenth-century woodblock-printed picturebooks for children that feature children in prominent roles. Addressing a persisting neglect of non-Western texts in the study of children’s literature and childhood per se, the dissertation challenges prevailing historical understandings of the origins of children’s literature and conceptions of childhood as a distinct phase of life. The explosive growth of print culture in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century Japan not only raised expectations for adult literacy but also encouraged the spread of basic education for children and the publication of books for the young. The limited prior scholarship on Edo-period Japanese children’s books tends to dismiss them as a few isolated exceptions or as limited to moralistic primers and records of oral tradition. This dissertation reveals a long-lasting, influential, and varied body of children’s literature that combines didactic value with entertainment. Eighteenth-century picturebooks drew on literary and religious traditions as well as popular culture, while tailoring their messages to the interests and limitations of child readers. Organized in two parts, the dissertation includes two analytical chapters followed by five annotated translations of picturebooks (kōzeibyōshi and early kusazōshi). Among the illustrators that can be identified are ukiyoe artists like Torii Kiyomitsu (1735-1785). The first chapter analyzes the picturebook as a form of children’s literature that can be considered in terms analogous to those used of children’s literature in the West, and it provides evidence that these picturebooks were recognized by Japanese of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries as uniquely suited to child readers. The second chapter addresses the ways in which woodblock-printed children’s literature was commercialized and canonized from the mid-eighteenth century through the latter years of the Edo period, and it shows that picturebooks became source material for new forms of children’s culture during that time. The translated picturebooks, from both the city of Edo and the Kamigata region, include a sample of eighteenth-century views of the child: developing fetus, energetic grandchild, talented student, unruly schoolboy, obedient helper at home, young bride-to-be, and deceased child under the care of the Bodhisattva Jizō.
East Asian Languages and Civilizations
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Books on the topic "The Edo period"

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Hickey, Gary. Beauty & desire in Edo period Japan. Canberra, ACT: National Gallery of Australia, 1998.

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Moss, Paul. Autumn guests: Edo period painting and lacquer. [London]: Sydney L. Moss, 1991.

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Kozyreff, Ch. Japanese arts in the Edo period, 1603-1868. Tournai, Belgium: Renaissance du Livre, 2003.

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Horiuchi, Annick. Japanese Mathematics in the Edo Period (1600-1868). Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7643-8745-7.

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Horide, Ichiro. The Mercantile Ethical Tradition in Edo Period Japan. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7338-1.

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Sadako, Takeda Sharon, Los Angeles County Museum of Art., Tōkyō Kokuritsu Hakubutsukan, and Kokuritsu Rekishi Minzoku Hakubutsukan (Japan), eds. When art became fashion: Kosode in Edo-period Japan. Los Angeles, Calif: Los Angeles County Museum of Art, 1992.

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Museo d'arte orientale E. Chiossone. and Musei e collezioni della città di Genova., eds. Masterpieces of Japanese art from the Edo period to modernisation. Milano: Silvana editoriale, 2001.

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Ezōshiya, Edo no ukiyoe shoppu. Tōkyō: Heibonsha, 2010.

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Los Angeles County Museum of Art. Masterpieces from the Shinʼenkan Collection: Japanese painting of the Edo Period. New York: Harper & Row, 1986.

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Masterpieces from the Shin'enkan Collection: Japanese painting of the Edo Period. Los Angeles, Calif: The Museum, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Edo period"

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Masamichi 谷山正道, Taniyama. "Popular movements in the Edo period." In The Tokugawa World, 175–99. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198888-14.

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Vaporis, Constantine Nomikos. "Advice to Travelers in the Edo Period." In Voices of Early Modern Japan, 147–51. Other titles: contemporary accounts of daily life during the age of the Shoguns Description: 2nd edition. | Abingdon, Oxon; New York, NY: Routledge, 2021.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003005292-37.

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Hayami, Akira. "Economic and Social Changes in the Edo Period." In Studies in Economic History, 69–94. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55142-3_5.

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Zaiki, Masumi, and Takehiko Mikami. "Climate Variations in Tokyo Since the Edo Period." In International Perspectives in Geography, 35–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7638-1_3.

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Hayami, Akira. "The Establishment of Economic Society and the Edo Period." In Studies in Economic History, 53–67. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55142-3_4.

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Groemer, Gerald. "Visual disability and musical culture in Edo-period Japan." In The Tokugawa World, 543–59. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198888-38.

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Maekawa, Jun. "Computational problems related to paper crane in the Edo period." In Origami⁶, 647–56. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/mbk/095.2/25.

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Groemer, Gerald. "The Spider’s Reel: Traces of the Tenmei Period (1781–1789) (Kumo no itomaki)." In Portraits of Edo and Early Modern Japan, 203–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7376-3_5.

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Midori 藤田緑, Fujita. "The presence of black people in Japan during the Edo period." In The Tokugawa World, 453–69. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003198888-32.

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Horide, Ichiro. "Why Study the Ethical Thought of Merchants in the Edo Period Japan?" In Advances in Japanese Business and Economics, 29–34. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-7338-1_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "The Edo period"

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Soga, Asako, Masahito Shiba, and Takuzi Suzuki. "Computer-Aided Sugoroku Games in the Edo Period Using Interactive Techniques for Museum Exhibits." In 2018 International Conference on Cyberworlds (CW). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cw.2018.00033.

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Miyoshi, Takaharu, Hideki Ueshima, Hiroshi Moriyasu, and Yoshitaka Aoyama. "Understanding Hatsukaichi-Shuku post town in the Edo period using old drawing map stored in GPS&PDA." In the 12th ACM international conference adjunct papers. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1864431.1864465.

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Verhoef, Ewoud, Hans Code´e, Vladan Sˇtefula, and Charles McCombie. "European Concepts for Shared Storage and Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Wastes?" In The 11th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2007-7108.

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Geological disposal is an essential component of the long-term management of spent fuel and high-level radioactive waste. Implementation of a suitable deep repository may, however, be difficult or impossible in some (especially small) countries because of challenging geological conditions or restricted siting options, or because of the high costs involved. For these countries, shared regional or international storage and disposal facilities are a necessity. The European Parliament and the EC have both expressed support for concepts that could lead to regional shared facilities being implemented in the EU. The EC, therefore, funded two projects that form the first two steps of a staged process towards the implementation of shared regional or international storage and disposal facilities. In the period 2003 to 2005, the EC funded SAPIERR I, a project devoted to pilot studies on the feasibility of shared regional storage facilities and geological repositories, for use by European countries. The studies showed that shared regional repositories are feasible, but also that, if they are to be implemented, even some decades ahead, efforts must already be increased now. The first step would be to establish a structured framework for the work on regional repositories. This is the goal of SAPIERR II (2006–2008): to develop possible practical implementation strategies and organisational structures. These will enable a formalised, structured European Development Organisation (EDO) to be established in 2008 or afterwards for working on shared EU radioactive waste storage and disposal activities. The EDO can work in parallel with national waste programmes. Participating EU Member States will be able to use the structures developed as, when and if needed for the furtherance of their individual national policies.
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Kawai, Yasuo. "Development of a Streetscape-Simulation System to Support Regional and Historical Culture: Fujisawa-Shuku Post-Station Town on the Former Tokaido Road during the Late Edo Period." In 2017 International Conference on Culture and Computing (Culture and Computing). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/culture.and.computing.2017.23.

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Miranda, Samuel. "The Backfit Rule’s Compliance Exception." In 2018 26th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone26-81905.

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The Backfit Rule, 10 CFR §50.109, requires the NRC staff to produce cost-benefit evaluations to justify any changes it may make in its positions, or any new requirements it might impose on licensees, for the purpose of enhancing plant safety. The Backfit Rule also allows the NRC staff to forgo cost-benefit evaluations when it identifies errors or omissions in licensing submittals, or in its own reviews of licensing submittals. In such cases, there is no safety enhancement to be realized. Instead, the NRC staff seeks to obtain reasonable assurance that the level of safety, required by regulations, and licensees’ commitments, is maintained or, if necessary, restored. This provision in the Backfit Rule, called the “Compliance Exception”, has been proven to be very difficult to apply. In 1998 and in 2001 two licensees had argued, in License Amendment Requests (LARs) that their pressurizer safety valves (PSVs) were qualified for water relief duty. Consequently, their PSVs were safety grade components that could be assumed to be available, in licensing basis accident analyses, to open, relieve water, and then reseat. This capability was thought to be required in order to mitigate certain accidents that caused the pressurizer to become water-solid. The 1998 LAR was withdrawn when the licensee was informed that its PSV test results did not demonstrate a capability to relieve water. However, the 2001 LAR was approved, based upon the licensee’s claim that it had acceptable PSV test results. Later, in 2013, the NRC staff realized that the PSV tests, cited in the 2001 application, did not actually exist. So, after careful consideration, over a two-year period, the NRC staff issued a compliance-based backfit order to the licensee. The licensee appealed the order, and the NRC staff denied the appeal. Then the licensee filed a second appeal, this time directly with the NRC’s Executive Director of Operations (EDO). (Such appeals are allowed by the Backfit Rule.) The EDO granted this appeal. So, the compliance-based backfit order, which was intended to address the missing PSV test results, was ultimately overturned. The PSV test results are still missing; but the licensee now has the NRC’s approval to assume the operation of water-qualified PSVs in its licensing basis accident analyses. This paper follows the writing, issuance, and appeal of this compliance-based backfit order, and describes how difficult it is to apply the Compliance Exception of the Backfit Rule.
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Neyman, Lyudmila A., Vladimir Yu Neyman, and Andrei S. Shabanov. "Vibration dynamics of an electromagnetic drive with a half-period rectifier." In 2017 18th International Conference of Young Specialists on Micro/Nanotechnologies and Electron Devices (EDM). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edm.2017.7981805.

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İncekara, Ahmet, and Elif Haykır Hobikoğlu. "Eco-innovation as a Determinant of the Importance of Sustainable Economic Development: World and Turkey Examples." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c05.01170.

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In modern societies, because of the continuity of change and transformation, innovation became one of the hallmarks of community life. Studies which mainly started by engineers in the field of environment, nowadays became a work area in many branches of science. Although eco-innovation has supply or demand side determinants, there are some corporate and political effects. Negative interaction with the environment of the societies of the world has become a risk for the sustainable existence. It also revealed the need for eco-innovation. Eco-innovation examined in four main sectors such as recycling, building and construction, food and beverage, and green businesses. Businesses can also become a part of the transformation and the concept has emerged that called green businesses. Contribute to the formation of eco-labeling has provided public awareness. Netherlands, Germany, France, the United Kingdom and Turkey are examined, said that Turkey's eco-innovation in the early period.
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Fukushima, Koken, Manuel Guterres Soares, Koki Nakaya, Atsushi Wada, Satoshi Tanaka, and Fumihiko Ito. "Wavelength Tunable and Switchable EDF Ring Laser using Cascaded-Chirped Long Period Fiber Grating." In 2020 Opto-Electronics and Communications Conference (OECC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oecc48412.2020.9273436.

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Hoai Hoang, G. Buttazzo, M. Jonsson, and S. Karlsson. "Computing the Minimum EDF Feasible Deadline in Periodic Systems." In 12th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA'06). IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rtcsa.2006.22.

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Zhou Xianjiang, Wang Xiangfei, and Zhang Qiaoling. "Notice of Retraction: Period of social transition into the Chinese Professional Basketball Club, the Tmpact of factor analysis and revenue." In 2010 International Conference on E-Health Networking, Digital Ecosystems and Technologies (EDT 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/edt.2010.5496373.

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Reports on the topic "The Edo period"

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Brodie, Katherine, Ian Conery, Nicholas Cohn, Nicholas Spore, and Margaret Palmsten. Spatial variability of coastal foredune evolution, part A : timescales of months to years. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/41322.

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Coastal foredunes are topographically high features that can reduce vulnerability to storm-related flooding hazards. While the dominant aeolian, hydrodynamic, and ecological processes leading to dune growth and erosion are fairly well-understood, predictive capabilities of spatial variations in dune evolution on management and engineering timescales (days to years) remain relatively poor. In this work, monthly high-resolution terrestrial lidar scans were used to quantify topographic and vegetation changes over a 2.5 year period along a micro-tidal intermediate beach and dune. Three-dimensional topographic changes to the coastal landscape were used to investigate the relative importance of environmental, ecological, and morphological factors in controlling spatial and temporal variability in foredune growth patterns at two 50 m alongshore stretches of coast. Despite being separated by only 700 m in the alongshore, the two sites evolved differently over the study period. The northern dune retreated landward and lost volume, whereas the southern dune prograded and vertically accreted. The largest differences in dune response between the two sections of dunes occurred during the fall storm season, when each of the systems’ geomorphic and ecological properties modulated dune growth patterns. These findings highlight the complex eco-morphodynamic feedback controlling dune dynamics across a range of spatial scales.
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Mujica, Serrana, and Ana Castillo. 5 iniciativas para favorecer la equidad de género en las empresas. Inter-American Development Bank, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003059.

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Hace años venimos hablando de las brechas de género en el mercado laboral, pero ¿qué tanto hemos avanzado? ¿Qué iniciativas podemos implementar rápidamente para reducir esa distancia? La desigualdad de género es un problema estructural en nuestra región. Por eso, el Grupo BID, PwC y ONU Mujeres, en el marco del programa Ganar-Ganar, decidieron unir fuerzas para promover distintas acciones que favorezcan la equidad a través del premio anual dirigido a la empresas llamado "El talento no tiene género". En este documento, se recopilan lecciones aprendidas y buenas prácticas de las experiencias de algunos participantes de la edición 2019.
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Vargas-Herrera, Hernando, Juan José Ospina, Carlos Alfonso Huertas-Campos, Adolfo León Cobo-Serna, Edgar Caicedo-García, Juan Pablo Cote-Barón, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, et al. Informe de Política Monetaria - Julio de 2021. Banco de la República de Colombia, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/inf-pol-mont-eng.tr3.-2021.

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1.1 Resumen macroeconómico En el segundo trimestre la economía enfrentó varios choques, principalmente de oferta y de costos, la mayoría de los cuales no fueron anticipados, o los previstos fueron más persistentes de lo esperado, y que en conjunto interrumpieron la recuperación de la actividad económica observada a comienzos de año y llevaron la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta. La inflación básica (sin alimentos ni regulados: SAR) aumentó, pero se mantuvo baja y acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico. A comienzos de abril se inició una tercera ola de pandemia, más acentuada y prolongada que la anterior, con un elevado costo en vidas humanas y algún impacto negativo en la recuperación económica. Entre mayo y mediados de junio los bloqueos de las carreteras y los problemas de orden público tuvieron un fuerte efecto negativo sobre la actividad económica y la inflación. Se estima que la magnitud de estos dos choques combinados habría generado una caída en niveles en el producto interno bruto (PIB) con respecto al primer trimestre del año. Adicionalmente, los bloqueos causaron un aumento significativo de los precios de los alimentos. A estos choques se sumaron los efectos acumulados de la disrupción global en algunas cadenas de valor y el incremento en los fletes internacionales que desde finales de 2020 vienen generando restricciones de oferta y aumentos de costos. Todos estos factores, que afectaron principalmente el índice de precios al consumidor (IPC) de bienes y de alimentos, explicaron la mayor parte del error de pronóstico del equipo técnico y el aumento de la inflación total a niveles superiores a la meta del 3 %. El incremento en la inflación básica y de los precios de los regulados fue acorde con lo esperado por el equipo técnico, y se explica principalmente por la eliminación de varios alivios de precios otorgados un año atrás. A todo esto se suma la mayor percepción de riesgo soberano y las presiones al alza que esto implica sobre el costo de financiamiento externo y la tasa de cambio. A pesar de los fuertes choques negativos, el crecimiento económico esperado para la primera mitad del año (9,1%), es significativamente mayor que lo proyectado en el informe de abril (7,1%), signo de una economía más dinámica que se recuperaría más rápido de lo previsto. Desde finales de 2020 las diferentes cifras de actividad económica han mostrado un crecimiento mayor que el esperado. Esto sugiere que los efectos negativos sobre el producto de las recurrentes olas de contagio estarían siendo cada vez menos fuertes y duraderos. No obstante, la tercera ola de contagio del Covid-19, y en mayor medida los bloqueos a las vías y los problemas de orden público, habrían generado una caída del PIB durante el segundo trimestre, frente al primero. Pese a lo anterior, los datos del índice de seguimiento a la economía (ISE) de abril y mayo han resultado mayores que lo esperado, y las nuevas cifras de actividad económica sectoriales sugieren que el impacto negativo de la pandemia sobre el producto se sigue moderando, en un entorno de menores restricciones a la movilidad y de mayor avance en el ritmo de vacunación. Los registros de transporte de carga (junio) y la demanda de energía no regulada (julio), entre otros, indican una recuperación importante después de los bloqueos en mayo. Con todo lo anterior, el incremento anual del PIB del segundo trimestre se habría situado alrededor del 17,3 % (antes 15,8 %), explicado en gran parte por una base baja de comparación. Para todo 2021 el equipo técnico incrementó su proyección de crecimiento desde un 6 % hasta el 7,5 %. Este pronóstico, que está rodeado de una incertidumbre inusualmente elevada, supone que no se presentarán problemas de orden público y que posibles nuevas olas de contagio del Covid-19 no tendrán efectos negativos adicionales sobre la actividad económica. Frente al pronóstico del informe pasado, la recuperación de la demanda externa, los niveles de precios de algunos bienes básicos que exporta el país y la dinámica de las remesas de trabajadores han sido mejores que las esperadas y seguirían impulsando la recuperación del ingreso nacional en lo que resta del año. A esto se sumaría la aún amplia liquidez internacional, la aceleración en el proceso de vacunación y las bajas tasas de interés, factores que continuarían favoreciendo la actividad económica. La mejor dinámica del primer semestre, que llevó a una revisión al alza en el crecimiento de todos los componentes del gasto, continuaría hacia adelante y, antes de lo esperado en abril, la economía recuperaría los niveles de producción de 2019 a finales de 2021. El pronóstico continúa incluyendo efectos de corto plazo sobre la demanda agregada de una reforma tributaria de magnitud similar a la proyectada por el Gobierno. Con todo eso, en el escenario central de este informe, el pronóstico de crecimiento para 2021 es del 7,5 % y para 2022 del 3,1 %. A pesar de esto, el nivel de la actividad económica seguiría siendo inferior a su potencial. La mejora en estas proyecciones, sin embargo, está rodeada de una alta incertidumbre. En junio la inflación anual (3,63 %) aumentó más de lo esperado debido al comportamiento del grupo de alimentos, mientras que la inflación básica (1,87 %) fue similar a la proyectada. En lo que resta del año el mayor nivel del IPC de alimentos persistiría y contribuiría a mantener la inflación por encima de la meta. A finales de 2022 la inflación total y básica retornarían a tasas cercanas al 3 %, en un entorno de desaceleración del IPC de alimentos y de menores excesos de capacidad productiva. En los meses recientes el aumento en los precios internacionales de los fletes y de los bienes agrícolas, y las mayores exportaciones de carne y el ciclo ganadero han ejercido presiones al alza sobre el precio de los alimentos, principalmente de los procesados. A estas fuerzas persistentes se sumaron los bloqueos de las vías nacionales y los problemas de orden público en varias ciudades registrados en mayo y parte de junio, los cuales se reflejaron en una fuerte restricción en la oferta y en un aumento anual no esperado del IPC de alimentos (8,52 %). El grupo de regulados (5,93 %) también se aceleró, debido a la baja base de comparación en los precios de la gasolina y a la disolución de parte de los alivios a las tarifas de servicios públicos otorgados en 2020. Como se proyectaba, la inflación SAR repuntó al 1,87 %, debido a la reactivación de los impuestos indirectos de algunos bienes y servicios eliminados un año atrás, y por las presiones al alza que ejercieron los alimentos sobre las comidas fuera del hogar (CFH), entre otros. En lo que resta del año se espera que el aumento en los alimentos perecederos se revierta, siempre y cuando no se registren nuevos bloqueos duraderos a las vías nacionales. El mayor nivel de precios de los alimentos procesados persistiría y contribuiría a mantener la inflación por encima de la meta a finales de año. La inflación SAR continuaría con una tendencia creciente, en la medida en que los excesos de capacidad productiva se sigan cerrando y registraría un aumento transitorio en marzo de 2022, debido principalmente al restablecimiento del impuesto al consumo en las CFH. Con todo esto, para finales de 2021 y 2022 se estima una inflación total del 4,1 % y 3,1 %, y una inflación básica del 2,6 % y 3,2 %, respectivamente. El comportamiento conjunto de los precios del IPC SAR, junto con continuas sorpresas al alza en la actividad económica, son interpretados por el equipo técnico como señales de amplios excesos de capacidad productiva de la economía. Estos persistirían en los siguientes dos años, al final de los cuales la brecha del producto se cerraría. El mayor crecimiento económico sugiere una brecha del producto menos negativa que la estimada hace un trimestre. Sin embargo, el comportamiento de la inflación básica, especialmente en servicios, indica que el PIB potencial se ha recuperado de forma sorpresiva y que los excesos de capacidad siguen siendo amplios, con una demanda agregada afectada de forma persistente. Esta interpretación encuentra soporte en el mercado laboral, en donde persiste un desempleo alto y la recuperación de los empleos perdidos se estancó. Adicionalmente, los aumentos en la inflación en buena medida están explicados por choques de oferta y de costos y por la disolución de algunos alivios de precios otorgados un año atrás. Los pronósticos de crecimiento y de inflación descritos son coherentes con una brecha del producto que se cierra más rápido y es menos negativa en todo el horizonte de pronóstico con respecto al informe de abril. No obstante, la incertidumbre sobre los excesos de capacidad es muy alta y es un riesgo sobre el pronóstico. Las perspectivas de las cuentas fiscales de Colombia se deterioraron, Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings (S&P) y Fitch Ratings (Fitch) redujeron su calificación crediticia, los bloqueos y problemas de orden público afectaron el producto y el país enfrentó una nueva ola de contagios de Covid-19 más acentuada y prolongada que las pasadas. Todo lo anterior se ha reflejado en un aumento de las primas de riesgo y en una depreciación del peso frente al dólar. Esto ha ocurrido en un entorno favorable de ingresos externos. Los precios internacionales del petróleo, del café y de otros bienes básicos que exporta el país aumentaron y han contribuido a la recuperación de los términos de intercambio y del ingreso nacional, y han mitigado las presiones al alza sobre las primas de riesgo y la tasa de cambio. En el presente informe se incrementó el precio esperado del petróleo para 2021 a USD 68 por barril (antes USD 61 bl) y para 2022 a USD 66 bl (antes USD 60 bl). Esta mayor senda presenta una convergencia hacia precios menores que los observados recientemente, como resultado de una mayor oferta mundial esperada de petróleo, la cual más que compensaría el incremento en la demanda de este bien básico. Por ende, se supone que el aumento reciente de los precios tiene un carácter transitorio. En el escenario macroeconómico actual se espera que las condiciones financieras internacionales sean algo menos favorables, a pesar de la mejora en los ingresos externos por cuenta de una mayor demanda y unos precios del petróleo y de otros productos de exportación más altos. Frente al informe de abril el crecimiento de la demanda externa fue mejor que el esperado, y las proyecciones para 2021 y 2022 aumentaron del 5,2 % al 6,0 % y del 3,4 % al 3,5 %, respectivamente. En lo corrido del año las cifras de actividad económica muestran una demanda externa más dinámica de la esperada. En los Estados Unidos y China la recuperación del producto ha sido más rápida que la registrada en los países de la región. En estos últimos la reactivación económica ha estado limitada por los rebrotes del Covid-19, las limitaciones en la oferta de vacunas y el poco espacio fiscal para enfrentar la pandemia, entre otros factores. La buena dinámica en el comercio externo de bienes se ha dado en un entorno de deterioro en las cadenas de valor y de un aumento importante en los precios de las materias primas y en el costo de los fletes. En los Estados Unidos la inflación sorprendió al alza y su valor observado y esperado se mantiene por encima de la meta, al tiempo que se incrementó la proyección de crecimiento económico. Con esto, el inicio de la normalización de la política monetaria en ese país se daría antes de lo proyectado. En este informe se estima que el primer incremento en la tasa de interés de la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos se dé a finales de 2022 (antes del primer trimestre de 2023). Para Colombia se supone una mayor prima de riesgo frente al informe de abril y se sigue esperando que presente una tendencia creciente, dada la acumulación de deuda pública y externa del país. Todo esto contribuiría a un incremento en el costo del financiamiento externo en el horizonte de pronóstico. La postura expansiva de la política monetaria sigue soportando unas condiciones financieras internas favorables. En el segundo trimestre la tasa de interés interbancaria y el índice bancario de referencia (IBR) se han mantenido acordes con la tasa de interés de política. Las tasas de interés promedio de captación y crédito continuaron históricamente bajas, a pesar de algunos incrementos observados a finales de junio. La cartera en moneda nacional detuvo su desaceleración anual y, entre marzo y junio, el crédito a los hogares se aceleró, principalmente para compra de vivienda. La recuperación de la cartera comercial y de los desembolsos a ese sector fue importante, y se alcanzó de nuevo el elevado saldo observado un año atrás, cuando las empresas requirieron niveles significativos de liquidez para enfrentar los efectos económicos de la pandemia. El riesgo de crédito aumentó, las provisiones se mantienes altas y algunos bancos han retirado de su balance una parte de su cartera vencida. No obstante, las utilidades del sistema financiero se han recuperado y sus niveles de liquidez y solvencia se mantienen por encima del mínimo regulatorio. A partir de este informe se implementará una nueva metodología para cuantificar y comunicar la incertidumbre que rodea los pronósticos del escenario macroeconómico central, en un entorno de política monetaria activa. Esta metodología se conoce como densidades predictivas (DP) y se explica en detalle en el Recuadro 1. Partiendo del balance de riesgos que contiene los principales factores que, de acuerdo con el juicio del equipo técnico, podrían afectar a la economía en el horizonte de pronóstico, la metodología DP produce distribuciones de probabilidad sobre el pronóstico de las principales variables (v. g.: crecimiento, inflación). Estas distribuciones reflejan el resultado de los posibles choques (a variables externas, precios y actividad económica) que podría recibir la economía y su transmisión, considerando la estructura económica y la respuesta de política monetaria en el futuro. En este sentido, permiten cuantificar la incertidumbre alrededor del pronóstico y su sesgo. El ejercicio DP muestra un sesgo a la baja en el crecimiento económico y en la brecha del producto, y al alza en la inflación. El balance de riesgos indica que las disyuntivas para la política monetaria serán potencialmente más complejas que lo contemplado en el pasado. Por el lado de las condiciones de financiamiento externo, se considera que el mayor riesgo es que se tornen un poco menos favorables, en un escenario en el cual la Reserva Federal de los Estados Unidos incremente con mayor prontitud su tasa de interés. Esto último, ante un crecimiento económico y del empleo mayor que el esperado en los Estados Unidos que genere presiones significativas sobre la inflación de ese país. A esto se suma la incertidumbre sobre el panorama fiscal en Colombia y sus efectos sobre la prima de riesgo y el costo del financiamiento externo. En el caso del crecimiento, la mayoría de los riesgos son a la baja, destacándose los efectos de la incertidumbre política y fiscal sobre las decisiones de consumo e inversión, la aparición de nuevas olas de contagio de la pandemia del Covid-19 y sus impactos sobre la actividad económica. En el caso de la inflación, se incorporó el riesgo de una mayor persistencia de los choques asociados con la disrupción de las cadenas de valor, mayores precios internacionales de las materias primas y de los alimentos, y una recuperación más lenta que la esperada de la cadena agrícola nacional afectada por los pasados bloqueos a las vías. Estos riesgos presionarían al alza principalmente los precios de los alimentos y de los bienes. Como principal riesgo a la baja se incluyó un alza de los arriendos menor que el esperado en el escenario central, explicada por una demanda débil y por una mayor oferta en 2022 dadas las altas ventas de vivienda observadas en el presente año. Con todo, el crecimiento económico presenta un sesgo a la baja y, con el 90 % de confianza, se encontraría entre un 6,1 % y 9,1 % para 2021 y entre el 0,5 % y 4,1 % para 2022. La brecha del producto tendría un sesgo a la baja, principalmente en 2022. El sesgo de la inflación es al alza, y se encontraría entre el 3,7 % y 4,9 % en 2021, y el 2,2 % y 4,7 % en 2022, con un 90 % de probabilidad. 1.2 Decisión de política monetaria En las reuniones de junio y julio la JDBR decidió mantener la tasa de política monetaria inalterada en 1,75 %.
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