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Verma, Nidhi, and Sanjoy Mandal. "Performance analysis of optical micro-ring resonator as all-optical reconfigurable logic and multiplexer in Z-domain." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 25, no. 01 (March 2016): 1650013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863516500132.
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Performance and design methodology of [Formula: see text] multiplexer (MUX) and all-optical reconfigurable logic circuit using GaAs–AlGaAs-based optical micro-ring resonator (OMRR) are presented in current paper. Proposed design of reconfigurable logic circuit is capable to perform eight different logic operations. Performances of the logic circuits have been theoretically analyzed using Z-domain modeling. Numerical simulation results confirming the method are explained in the present paper. Proposed circuit is simple, compact, efficient as it have minimum number of OMRR, low operating power, high operating speed and high Q-factor. Different ‘figure of merits’ of the purposed model are calculated from the simulation results.
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Kumar, Suresh. "Photovoltaic Module's Physics: An Eight-Parameter Adaptive Model for the Single Diode Equivalent Circuit." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 9, no. 6 (2018): 600. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2018.00682.4.
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Makharashvili, Tamar, Siqi Bai, Samuel Connor, Albert E. Ruehli, Phil Berger, James L. Drewniak, and Daryl G. Beetner. "Circuit Models for the Inductance of Eight-Terminal Decoupling Capacitors." IEEE Transactions on Components, Packaging and Manufacturing Technology 10, no. 1 (January 2020): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcpmt.2019.2952138.
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SHAKIROV, Mansur A. "The Poynting Vector and the New Theory of a Transformer. Part 11. Three-Phase Three-Core Transformers without a Neutral Wire." Elektrichestvo 1, no. 1 (2021): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2021-1-23-34.
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A topological equivalent circuit for a three-phase three-core transformer reflecting the spatial structure of its magnetic system is developed. Owing to this approach, it became possible to represent the magnetic fluxes of the magnetic circuit’s all main sections and the apertures for each of three phases directly in the circuit in the absence of the windings’ neutral wires. The circuit is constructed by stitching together the anatomical circuit models of single-phase transformers obtained in the previous parts with taking into account the relationships between the fluxes at the junctions of the phase zones in iron. Its validity is confirmed by the rigor nature of the physical and mathematical relations for idealized transformers with infinite magnetic permeability of iron and simplified magnetic field patterns, which corresponds to the generally accepted approach with neglecting the magnetization currents. The difference lies in the fact that the developed model takes into account the heterogeneity of magnetization in different parts of the magnetic circuit with allocating more than 30 sections in the iron and apertures. The transition to the model of a real three-core transformer is carried out by adding four nonlinear transverse magnetization branches in each extreme phase zone and eight branches in the central phase zone to the idealized equivalent circuit. It is shown that in cases of winding connections without neutral wires, there is no flux of the Poynting vector in interphase zones in any unbalanced mode. In this case, the problems connected with the occurrence of fluxes exceeding the no-load fluxes under the conditions of symmetric and asymmetric short circuits, as well as the occurrence of buckling fluxes in these modes in the region outside the transformer iron, are solved.
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Kakar, S., S. M. Ayob, N. M. Nordin, M. S. Arif, A. Jusoh, and N. D. Muhamad. "A novel single-phase PWM asymmetrical multilevel inverter with number of semiconductor switches reduction." International Journal of Power Electronics and Drive Systems (IJPEDS) 10, no. 3 (September 1, 2019): 1133. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijpeds.v10.i3.pp1133-1140.
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In this paper, a new asymmetrical multilevel inverter topology (MLI) is proposed with the objectives of using decreased number of semiconductor switches, dc voltage sources, gate driver circuits and dc links. The structure of presented MLI is very simple and modular. The fundamental module of this structure consists of nine semiconductor switches (eight unidirectional and one bidirectional) and four asymmetrical configured DC sources (ratio of 1:2), which can generate 13-level output voltage. To validate the design, a Matlab-Simulink based model is developed. For this paper, a Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) is deployed as the switching strategy of the proposed MLI. The circuit model is simulated under pure resistive and inductive loads. It will be shown that the circuit performs well under both loads. Comparison with traditional MLIs and other recently introduced MLIs will be conducted to show the superiority of the proposed MLI in terms of reduced number of devices and lower voltage stress across the switches.
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Pechmann, Stefan, Timo Mai, Matthias Völkel, Mamathamba K. Mahadevaiah, Eduardo Perez, Emilio Perez-Bosch Quesada, Marc Reichenbach, Christian Wenger, and Amelie Hagelauer. "A Versatile, Voltage-Pulse Based Read and Programming Circuit for Multi-Level RRAM Cells." Electronics 10, no. 5 (February 24, 2021): 530. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10050530.
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In this work, we present an integrated read and programming circuit for Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) cells. Since there are a lot of different RRAM technologies in research and the process variations of this new memory technology often spread over a wide range of electrical properties, the proposed circuit focuses on versatility in order to be adaptable to different cell properties. The circuit is suitable for both read and programming operations based on voltage pulses of flexible length and height. The implemented read method is based on evaluating the voltage drop over a measurement resistor and can distinguish up to eight different states, which are coded in binary, thereby realizing a digitization of the analog memory value. The circuit was fabricated in the 130 nm CMOS process line of IHP. The simulations were done using a physics-based, multi-level RRAM model. The measurement results prove the functionality of the read circuit and the programming system and demonstrate that the read system can distinguish up to eight different states with an overall resistance ratio of 7.9.
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Silva, Emerson A., Fabricio Bradaschia, Marcelo C. Cavalcanti, Aguinaldo Jose Nascimento, Leandro Michels, and Luiz Paulo Pietta. "An Eight-Parameter Adaptive Model for the Single Diode Equivalent Circuit Based on the Photovoltaic Module's Physics." IEEE Journal of Photovoltaics 7, no. 4 (July 2017): 1115–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jphotov.2017.2703778.
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Miller, John R., and Sue Butler. "Storage system design based on equivalent-circuit-model simulations: Comparison of eight different electrochemical capacitor storage systems." Journal of Power Sources 491 (April 2021): 229441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2020.229441.
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Mouchet, Christian, Juan Troncoso-Pastoriza, Jean-Philippe Bossuat, and Jean-Pierre Hubaux. "Multiparty Homomorphic Encryption from Ring-Learning-with-Errors." Proceedings on Privacy Enhancing Technologies 2021, no. 4 (July 23, 2021): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popets-2021-0071.
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Abstract We propose and evaluate a secure-multiparty-computation (MPC) solution in the semi-honest model with dishonest majority that is based on multiparty homomorphic encryption (MHE). To support our solution, we introduce a multiparty version of the Brakerski-Fan-Vercauteren homomorphic cryptosystem and implement it in an open-source library. MHE-based MPC solutions have several advantages: Their transcript is public, their o~ine phase is compact, and their circuit-evaluation procedure is noninteractive. By exploiting these properties, the communication complexity of MPC tasks is reduced from quadratic to linear in the number of parties, thus enabling secure computation among potentially thousands of parties and in a broad variety of computing paradigms, from the traditional peer-to-peer setting to cloud-outsourcing and smart-contract technologies. MHE-based approaches can also outperform the state-of-the-art solutions, even for a small number of parties. We demonstrate this for three circuits: private input selection with application to private-information retrieval, component-wise vector multiplication with application to private-set intersection, and Beaver multiplication triples generation. For the first circuit, privately selecting one input among eight thousand parties’ (of 32 KB each) requires only 1.31 MB of communication per party and completes in 61.7 seconds. For the second circuit with eight parties, our approach is 8.6 times faster and requires 39.3 times less communication than the current methods. For the third circuit and ten parties, our approach generates 20 times more triples per second while requiring 136 times less communication per-triple than an approach based on oblivious transfer. We implemented our scheme in the Lattigo library and open-sourced the code at github.com/ldsec/lattigo.
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LI, YONG-AN. "SYSTEMATIC SYNTHESIS OF OTA-BASED T-T FILTERS USING NAME METHOD." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 03 (March 2013): 1350002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613500023.
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According to the terminal relations of the DO-OTA, eight nullor–mirror models for the DO-OTA are presented in this paper, Moreover, the NAME method for two different classes of T-T filters is considered. The class I filters, employing three SISO-OTAs, have 16 different forms, and the class II filters, employing one SISO-OTA and one DISO-OTA or one SIDO-OTA, have eight different forms. Due to use of canonic number of components, the circuits are easy to be integrated and their parameters can be tuned electronically through tuning bias currents of the OTAs. The MULTISIM simulation results have been included to verify the workability of the derived circuit.
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Vasconcelos, Ana Paula Sena, and Diogo Cardozo. "Effect of strength training on the agonist-antagonist sequence to improve functional fitness in older women." Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia do Exercício 19, no. 3 (July 7, 2020): 218. http://dx.doi.org/10.33233/rbfe.v19i3.3995.
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Introduction: Strength training (ST) is effective to improve functional fitness (FF) in older people. However, the literature is scarce in relation to some ST methods. Objective: To verify the effect of an agonist-antagonist circuit training model (AACT) on FF in older women. Methods: Thirteen older women (68.6 ± 6.1 years, 66.4 ± kg, 1.57 ± 0.007 meters) were recruited to participate in this research. These women were submitted to the Senior Fitness Test to evaluate FF and measurements of body weight, height and calf circumference to check body composition. The training protocol was based on AACT model with exercises performed following this sequence: knee extension, knee flexion, abductor and adductor machine, bench press, rowing machine, triceps and biceps curls during eight weeks. The participants performed three sets of 8 to 10 repetitions with 30-second intervals in the circuit training model. Results: After eight weeks of AACT training, FF improved significantly (p ≤ 0.05). However, there were no differences in body composition (p ≥ 0.05). Conclusion: The training organized in an AACT model improves FF and may be used to maintain an active lifestyle and improve the quality of life in this population.Keywords: older people, strength training, functional capacity.
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Adamatzky, Andrew. "Fredkin and Toffoli Gates Implemented in Oregonator Model of Belousov–Zhabotinsky Medium." International Journal of Bifurcation and Chaos 27, no. 03 (March 2017): 1750041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218127417500419.
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A thin-layer Belousov–Zhabotinsky (BZ) medium is a powerful computing device capable for implementing logical circuits, memory, image processors, robot controllers, and neuromorphic architectures. We design the reversible logical gates — Fredkin gate and Toffoli gate — in a BZ medium network of excitable channels with subexcitable junctions. Local control of the BZ medium excitability is an important feature of the gates’ design. An excitable thin-layer BZ medium responds to a localized perturbation with omnidirectional target or spiral excitation waves. A subexcitable BZ medium responds to an asymmetric perturbation by producing traveling localized excitation wave-fragments similar to dissipative solitons. We employ interactions between excitation wave-fragments to perform the computation. We interpret the wave-fragments as values of Boolean variables. The presence of a wave-fragment at a given site of a circuit represents the logical truth, absence of the wave-fragment — logically false. Fredkin gate consists of ten excitable channels intersecting at 11 junctions, eight of which are subexcitable. Toffoli gate consists of six excitable channels intersecting at six junctions, four of which are subexcitable. The designs of the gates are verified using numerical integration of two-variable Oregonator equations.
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Zhang, Chi, Xiao Guang Wu, and Shuang Li. "Analysis and Experiment of the Multi-Needles Trajectory in Magnetic Driven Model." Applied Mechanics and Materials 635-637 (September 2014): 1203–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.635-637.1203.
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Based on the principle of needle selection for the traditional knitting jacquard, this paper puts forward a new needle driven mode by magnetic suspension. At the same time the paper obtain the optimal trajectory for a single needle of magnetic suspension drive mode on the basis of the traditional trajectory, and it also analyzes the trajectories of multi needles and obtains the trajectories diagram for eight needles of their periodic motion. It also designs the hardware circuit for the control system and set up the experiment platform to carry out experimental study. The experiment proves that the target trajectories in the control system are consistent with the measured trajectories.
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SIRINAMARATANA, PAIROTE, EKACHAI LEELARASMEE, and WANCHALERM PORA. "A SERIES DC POWER LINE COMMUNICATION AND ITS APPLICATION TO MONITORING PHOTO-VOLTAIC STRINGS." Journal of Circuits, Systems and Computers 22, no. 09 (October 2013): 1340010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218126613400100.
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A communication circuit for transmitting and receiving signal through a series connection of photo-voltaic (PV) panels is proposed. It consists of a transformer connected in series with each panel to couple current signal in and out of the DC power line. This allows data transmission through the panels without using any additional wires or radio frequency link. A practical case of eight 40 W amorphous PV panels is used to demonstrate the design process. It is found that the optimum carrier frequency is 250 kHz at which the panel output impedance is around 5 Ohms, allowing the current signal to pass through with low energy lost. Coupling circuit consists of inductors and capacitors designed to give highest transmission at the carrier frequency. Simulation to verify the circuit performance using a non-ideal model of a toroidal transformer is carried out to prove the feasibility of the concept.
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Zhong, Zhixian, Yijian Duan, Zhonghou Cai, and Yanying Qi. "Design and Cosimulation of Twelve-Pole Heteropolar Radial Hybrid Magnetic Bearing." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8826780.
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This paper presents a twelve-pole heteropolar radial hybrid magnetic bearing (HRHMB) structure. Firstly, the structure and equivalent magnetic circuit (EMC) are designed. And the radial electromagnetic force characteristics are calculated by the EMC model. At the same time, the rationality of EMC model is verified by the finite-element method (FEM) of Magnet software. Then, the 2-D model of the twelve-pole HRHMB is established in Magnet software. The flux density variations of twelve-pole HRHMB and eight-pole HRHMB under different currents are compared by using the FEM. Finally, a method of Magnet-Simulink cosimulation is proposed to analyze the suspension characteristics of the twelve-pole HRHMB and compared with the eight-pole HRHMB. Thus, the effective combination of theoretical analysis, FEM analysis, and Magnet-Simulink cosimulation analysis is realized in the design of HRHMB. The results of Magnet-Simulink cosimulation show that the twelve-pole HRHMB has the advantages of low power consumption, small coupling, large construction dynamic stiffness, and better suspension characteristics than the eight-pole HRHMB.
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Korzhov, A. N., A. R. Achoh, S. A. Loza, E. N. Nosova, D. V. Davidov, and S. S. Melnikov. "Using a microheterogeneous model to assess the applicability of ion-exchange membranes in the process of reverse electrodialysis." Chimica Techno Acta 8, no. 2 (April 30, 2021): 20218205. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/chimtech.2021.8.2.05.
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This paper shows the possibility of using a microheterogeneous model to describe the properties of ion-exchange membranes and calculate the characteristics of a reverse electrodialyzer from the data obtained. We studied the properties of eight samples of heterogeneous cation exchange membranes (two samples of each type of membrane). The samples differed in the year of issue and storage conditions. It is shown that for heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes MK-40 and MA-41, the samples' properties can differ significantly. The counterions transport numbers calculated within the framework of the microheterogeneous model for Ralex membranes differ insignificantly. The counterion transport number in 1 mol/L sodium chloride solution is 0.96 for Ralex CM and 0.98 ± 0.01 for Ralex AMH. For the MK-40 membrane, the transport number in the same solution is 0.94 ± 0.04, and for the MA-41 membrane, it is 0.85 ± 0.1. The possibility of calculating the transport numbers and predicting the open-circuit voltage based on simple physicochemical measurements allows selecting the best membrane pairs for the reverse electrodialysis process. Comparison of the open-circuit potential value calculated using the obtained transfer numbers with experimental data showed that in the case of using Ralex membranes, the difference between the experimental and calculated values is 2%. The calculated value of the open circuit potential was 0.19 V/membrane pair or 1.69 V for the investigated reverse electrodialyzer with nine pair chambers.
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Zhang, Aihua, Chen Chen, and Hamid Reza Karimi. "A New Adaptive LSSVR with Online Multikernel RBF Tuning to Evaluate Analog Circuit Performance." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/231735.
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Focusing on the analog circuit performance evaluation demand of fast time responding online, a novel evaluation strategy based on adaptive Least Squares Support Vector Regression (LSSVR) which employs multikernel RBF is proposed in this paper. The superiority of the multi-kernel RBF has more flexibility to the kernel function online such as the bandwidths tuning. And then the decision parameters of the kernel parameters determine the input signal to map to the feature space deduced that a well plant model by discarding redundant features. Experiment adopted the typical circuit Sallen-Key low pass filter to prove the proposed evaluation strategy via the eight performance indexes. Simulation results reveal that the testing speed together with the evaluation performance, especially the testing speed of the proposed, is superior to that of the traditional LSSVR andε-SVR, which is suitable for promotion online.
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Yu, Yunseop, and Jungbum Choi. "New Adders Using Hybrid Circuit Consisting of Three-Gate Single-Electron Transistors (TG-SETs) and MOSFETs." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 7, no. 11 (November 1, 2007): 4120–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2007.045.
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A half-adder (HA) and a full-adder (FA) using hybrid circuits combining three-gate single-electron transistors (TG-SETs) with metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) are proposed. The proposed HA consists of three TG-SETs, two enhanced-mode NMOSFETs, and two depletion-mode NMOSFETs, and the proposed FA consists of eight TG-SETs, two enhanced-mode NMOSFETs, and two depletion-mode NMOSFETs. The complexities in the HA and the FA are 7 and 12, respectively, and the worst-case delays in the HA and the FA are 1.48 ns and 2.25 ns, respectively. Compared with the conventional CMOS FA with 0.35 μm technology, the proposed FA can be constructed with 0.43 of devices, and can operate with 3.5 of worst-case delay, 1/534 of average power consumption, and 1/152 of power-delay-product (PDP). The proposed HA and FA can be operated as a half-subtractor (HS) and a full-subtractor (FS) in the case when the levels of the control gates in the HA and the FA are fitly determined. The basic operations of the proposed HA and the proposed FA have been successfully confirmed through SPICE circuit simulation based on the physical device model of TG-SETs.
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Guo, Li, and Zhou. "Study of a Null-Flux Coil Electrodynamic Suspension Structure for Evacuated Tube Transportation." Symmetry 11, no. 10 (October 3, 2019): 1239. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym11101239.
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This paper focuses on the study of a null-flux coil electrodynamic suspension structure for evacuated tube transportation (ETT). A Maglev system in evacuated tubes is a promising concept for high speed transportation systems, and the design of levitation structure is a critical part among the subsystems. The whole system with functions of levitation, guidance, and propulsion is proposed in this paper, and the utilization of magnetic fields from both sides of magnets makes the system simple. The figure eight shaped null-flux coil suspension structure is adopted to provide a high levitation-drag ratio. The equivalent circuit model of the null-flux coil structure is established by employing the dynamic circuit theory. Based on the determination of the mutual inductance between the null-flux coil and the moving magnet, electromagnetic forces are calculated through an energy method. The validity of the dynamic circuit model is verified by comparing the calculation with the 3D finite element analysis (FEM) results, and the working principle of the null-flux coil structure is described. The effects of vehicle speed and the time constant of the coil on the electromagnetic forces are studied at the bottom level of force impulses in one coil and verified by FEM simulation. The characteristics of electrodynamic forces as functions of the magnet speed, the vertical displacements, and the lateral displacements are investigated based on the dynamic circuit theory, and the levitation-drag ratio is compared with that of plate type structure. The results show that the proposed structure is a promising option for application in ETT, and the following study will focus on the dynamic research of the electrodynamic suspension (EDS) system.
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Andronov, V., O. Burmenko, О. Soshinskiy, and R. Shevchenko. "STRUCTURAL-LOGICAL MODEL OF EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT OF THE REGIONAL LEVEL IN THE CONDITIONS OF LIMITED OPERATIONAL POSSIBILITIES OF EMERGENCIES OF EMERGENCIES." Municipal economy of cities 4, no. 157 (September 25, 2020): 91–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-4-157-91-96.
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The problem of formation of structural-logical model of emergency management of regional level in the conditions of limited operational possibilities of emergency rescue divisions is considered in the work. The analysis of the current state of the issue of forecasting the effectiveness of emergency rescue units allowed to identify the existing problem in the field of civil defense, namely the lack of adequate mathematical apparatus that would form short-term and long-term forecasts of the dynamics of operational capacity and operational capacity of rescue units based on constantly changing information on the number and quality of regional hazards. The authors believe that this issue can be solved by forming a comprehensive expert-statistical methodology, which in turn is based on the modern idea of the emergency management process in a complex natural-technogenic-social transformations. The study examines the sequence of work on management decisions in terms of limited operational capabilities and formed a range of functional limitations that allows to clearly define the information field of the structural-logical model of emergency management and parameterize direct and feedback within the latter. Structural and logical model of emergency management at the regional level in terms of limited operational capabilities of emergency rescue units, consists of two control circuits: general circuit (sufficient) and additional (limited) circuit, which operates in case of limited operational capabilities of emergency rescue units. It consists of eight blocks, namely: establishing the fact of the existence of limitations of operational capabilities of rescue units, clarification and assessment of the situation in the emergency zone, preparation of management decisions, preparation of proposals for additional forces, application of the latest methods of operational capacity funds, organization of return of additional forces and means to the cities of permanent deployment. The practical significance of the results is the ability to develop, based on the existing structural and logical model of emergency management at the regional level in terms of limited operational capabilities of rescue units, a method of calculating operational capacity and operational capacity of the territorial unit, based on existing and forecast potential levels, man-made, social and military nature and take into account their interaction. Keywords: emergency situation, operational potential, operational ability, structural-logical model, emergency management.
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Zhang, Mi, Dehua Chen, Xiao He, and Xiuming Wang. "A Hydrodynamic Model for Measuring Fluid Density and Viscosity by Using Quartz Tuning Forks." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010198.
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A hydrodynamic model of using quartz tuning forks (QTFs) for density and viscosity sensing, by measuring the resonance frequency and quality factor, has been established based on the cantilever beam theory applied to the atomic force microscope (AFM). Two examples are presented to verify the usability of this model. Then, the Sobol index method is chosen for explaining quantitatively how the resonance frequency and quality factor of the QTFs are affected by the fluid density and viscosity, respectively. The results show that the relative mean square error in viscosity of the eight solutions evaluated by the hydrodynamic model is reduced by an order of magnitude comparing with Butterworth–Van Dyke equivalent circuit method. When the measured resonance frequency and quality factor of the QTFs vary from 25,800–26,100 Hz and 28–41, the sensitivities of the quality factor affected by the fluid density increase. This model provides an idea for improving the accuracy of fluid component recognition in real time, and lays a foundation for the application of miniaturized and cost-effective downhole fluid density and viscosity sensors.
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Zhang, Anda, Zhongle Liu, and Lawrence C. Myers. "Differential Regulation of White-Opaque Switching by Individual Subunits of Candida albicans Mediator." Eukaryotic Cell 12, no. 9 (July 19, 2013): 1293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/ec.00137-13.
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ABSTRACT The multisubunit eukaryotic Mediator complex integrates diverse positive and negative gene regulatory signals and transmits them to the core transcription machinery. Mutations in individual subunits within the complex can lead to decreased or increased transcription of certain subsets of genes, which are highly specific to the mutated subunit. Recent studies suggest a role for Mediator in epigenetic silencing. Using white-opaque morphological switching in Candida albicans as a model, we have shown that Mediator is required for the stability of both the epigenetic silenced (white) and active (opaque) states of the bistable transcription circuit driven by the master regulator Wor1. Individual deletions of eight C. albicans Mediator subunits have shown that different Mediator subunits have dramatically diverse effects on the directionality, frequency, and environmental induction of epigenetic switching. Among the Mediator deletion mutants analyzed, only Med12 has a steady-state transcriptional effect on the components of the Wor1 circuit that clearly corresponds to its effect on switching. The MED16 and MED9 genes have been found to be among a small subset of genes that are required for the stability of both the white and opaque states. Deletion of the Med3 subunit completely destabilizes the opaque state, even though the Wor1 transcription circuit is intact and can be driven by ectopic expression of Wor1. The highly impaired ability of the med3 deletion mutant to mate, even when Wor1 expression is ectopically induced, reveals that the activation of the Wor1 circuit can be decoupled from the opaque state and one of its primary biological consequences.
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Rath, Alexandra, Silke Rautenschlein, Janina Rzeznitzeck, Gerhard Breves, Marion Hewicker-Trautwein, Karl-Heinz Waldmann, and Alexandra von Altrock. "Impact of Campylobacter spp. on the Integrity of the Porcine Gut." Animals 11, no. 9 (September 19, 2021): 2742. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092742.
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Campylobacter (C.) is the most common food-borne zoonosis in humans, which mainly manifests with watery to bloody diarrhoea. While C. jejuni is responsible for most cases of infection, C. coli is less frequently encountered. The object of the study was to prove the clinical impact of mono- and co-colonisation of C. coli and C. jejuni on weaned piglets in an infection model and to investigate the impact on transepithelial transport processes in the jejunum and caecum. At an age of eight weeks, eight pigs were infected with C. coli (ST-5777), 10 pigs with C. jejuni (ST-122), eight pigs with both strains, and 11 piglets served as control. During the four-week observation period, no clinical signs were observed. During dissection, both strains could be isolated from the jejunum and the caecum, but no alteration of the tissue could be determined histopathologically. Mono-infection with C. jejuni showed an impact on transepithelial ion transport processes of the caecum. An increase in the short circuit current (Isc) was observed in the Ussing chamber resulting from carbachol- and forskolin-mediated Cl− secretion. Therefore, we speculate that caecal colonisation of C. jejuni might affect the transport mechanisms of the intestinal mucosa without detectable inflammatory reaction.
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Hou, Yankai, Zhaosheng Zhang, Peng Liu, Chunbao Song, and Zhenpo Wang. "Research on a novel data-driven aging estimation method for battery systems in real-world electric vehicles." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 13, no. 7 (July 2021): 168781402110277. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/16878140211027735.
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Accurate estimation of the degree of battery aging is essential to ensure safe operation of electric vehicles. In this paper, using real-world vehicles and their operational data, a battery aging estimation method is proposed based on a dual-polarization equivalent circuit (DPEC) model and multiple data-driven models. The DPEC model and the forgetting factor recursive least-squares method are used to determine the battery system’s ohmic internal resistance, with outliers being filtered using boxplots. Furthermore, eight common data-driven models are used to describe the relationship between battery degradation and the factors influencing this degradation, and these models are analyzed and compared in terms of both estimation accuracy and computational requirements. The results show that the gradient descent tree regression, XGBoost regression, and light GBM regression models are more accurate than the other methods, with root mean square errors of less than 6.9 mΩ. The AdaBoost and random forest regression models are regarded as alternative groups because of their relative instability. The linear regression, support vector machine regression, and k-nearest neighbor regression models are not recommended because of poor accuracy or excessively high computational requirements. This work can serve as a reference for subsequent battery degradation studies based on real-time operational data.
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Watson, Amanda. "Mobile phones and media use in Madang Province of Papua New Guinea." Pacific Journalism Review 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2013): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/pjr.v19i2.223.
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A mobile phone service was not available to the majority of the population in Papua New Guinea (PNG) until mid-2007. Since that time, commercial competition has been introduced into the mobile telecommunication sector and coverage has spread across many parts of the country. While the focus of this article is on mobile phones, the research has also explored media access and media usage more generally. Analysis in this article adopts the ‘circuit of culture’ model developed by du Gay et al. (1997). The article is based on data from a survey conducted in 2009 in eight rural villages in Madang Province. The research occurred during the primary stages of mobile phone adoption in these places, providing a rare opportunity to gauge early adoption behaviour and attitudes.
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Zaman, Qummar, Senan Alraho, and Andreas König. "Efficient transient testing procedure using a novel experience replay particle swarm optimizer for THD-based robust design and optimization of self-X sensory electronics in industry 4.0." Journal of Sensors and Sensor Systems 10, no. 2 (August 10, 2021): 193–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/jsss-10-193-2021.
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Abstract. This paper aims to improve the traditional calibration method for reconfigurable self-X (self-calibration, self-healing, self-optimize, etc.) sensor interface readout circuit for industry 4.0. A cost-effective test stimulus is applied to the device under test, and the transient response of the system is analyzed to correlate the circuit's characteristics parameters. Due to complexity in the search and objective space of the smart sensory electronics, a novel experience replay particle swarm optimization (ERPSO) algorithm is being proposed and proved a better-searching capability than some currently well-known PSO algorithms. The newly proposed ERPSO expanded the selection producer of the classical PSO by introducing an experience replay buffer (ERB) intending to reduce the probability of trapping into the local minima. The ERB reflects the archive of previously visited global best particles, while its selection is based upon an adaptive epsilon greedy method in the velocity updating model. The performance of the proposed ERPSO algorithm is verified by using eight different popular benchmarking functions. Furthermore, an extrinsic evaluation of the ERPSO algorithm is also examined on a reconfigurable wide swing indirect current-feedback instrumentation amplifier (CFIA). For the later test, we proposed an efficient optimization procedure by using total harmonic distortion analyses of CFIA output to reduce the total number of measurements and save considerable optimization time and cost. The proposed optimization methodology is roughly 3 times faster than the classical optimization process. The circuit is implemented by using Cadence design tools and CMOS 0.35 µm technology from Austria Microsystems (AMS). The efficiency and robustness are the key features of the proposed methodology toward implementing reliable sensory electronic systems for industry 4.0 applications.
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Akbari, Moaazameh, Mehdi Jafari Shahbazzadeh, Luigi La Spada, and Alimorad Khajehzadeh. "The Graphene Field Effect Transistor Modeling Based on an Optimized Ambipolar Virtual Source Model for DNA Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 17 (August 31, 2021): 8114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11178114.
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The graphene-based Field Effect Transistors (GFETs), due to their multi-parameter characteristics, are growing rapidly as an important detection component for the apt detection of disease biomarkers, such as DNA, in clinical diagnostics and biomedical research laboratories. In this paper, the non-equilibrium Green function (NEGF) is used to create a compact model of GFET in the ballistic regime as an important building block for DNA detection sensors. In the proposed method, the self-consistent solutions of two-dimensional Poisson’s equation and NEGF, using the nearest neighbor tight-binding approach on honeycomb lattice structure of graphene, are modeled as an efficient numerical method. Then, the eight parameters of the phenomenological ambipolar virtual source (AVS) circuit model are calibrated by a least-square curve-fitting routine optimization algorithm with NEGF transfer function data. At last, some parameters of AVS that are affected by induced charge and potential of DNA biomolecules are optimized by an experimental dataset. The new compact model response, with an acceptable computational complexity, shows a good agreement with experimental data in reaction with DNA and can effectively be used in the plan and investigation of GFET biosensors.
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Ündar, Akif, Karl M. Koenig, O. H. Frazier, and Charles D. Fraser. "Impact of membrane oxygenators on pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in a neonatal model." Perfusion 15, no. 2 (March 2000): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765910001500205.
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We investigated the effects of two new hollow-fiber membrane oxygenators, the Capiox SX10 and the Lilliput 901, on pulsatile versus nonpulsatile perfusion in an in vitro model designed to simulate a 3 kg infant. The experiments were divided into eight groups (six pulsatile and two nonpulsatile), according to the equipment and settings used. Each group included six tests. In all experiments, the pseudo-patient’s mean arterial pressure was 40 mmHg, and the pump flow rate was 550 ml/min. During pulsatile cardiopulmonary bypass, the pump’s base flow was set at 30%, and the pump rate was set at 80, 100, 120, 140, or 150 beats/min. The PUMP START and PUMP STOP timing points were adjusted to produce different pulse-width settings. We were especially interested in evaluating the pre- and postoxygenator extracorporeal circuit pressure (ECP), the oxygenator pressure drop, and the precannula ECP. When used with a pulsatile roller pump, the Capiox produced a significantly lower preoxygenator ECP than the Lilliput ( p < 0.001); moreover, the Capiox yielded a significantly lower oxygenator pressure drop ( p < 0.001). During nonpulsatile perfusion, the Capiox again produced a lower preoxygenator ECP than the Lilliput ( p < 0.001). These results suggest that the Capiox may be more suitable than the Lilliput when the pulsatile flow is employed, and pulsatile flow does not increase the ECP with either oxygenator.
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Evans, Daniel, Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Nikolaos Vasilakis, Panagiotis Pantelidis, Peter Kelleher, Hywel Morgan, and Themistoklis Prodromakis. "A Novel Microfluidic Point-of-Care Biosensor System on Printed Circuit Board for Cytokine Detection." Sensors 18, no. 11 (November 17, 2018): 4011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s18114011.
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Point of Care (PoC) diagnostics have been the subject of considerable research over the last few decades driven by the pressure to detect diseases quickly and effectively and reduce healthcare costs. Herein, we demonstrate a novel, fully integrated, microfluidic amperometric enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) prototype using a commercial interferon gamma release assay (IGRA) as a model antibody binding system. Microfluidic assay chemistry was engineered to take place on Au-plated electrodes within an assay cell on a printed circuit board (PCB)-based biosensor system. The assay cell is linked to an electrochemical reporter cell comprising microfluidic architecture, Au working and counter electrodes and a Ag/AgCl reference electrode, all manufactured exclusively via standard commercial PCB fabrication processes. Assay chemistry has been optimised for microfluidic diffusion kinetics to function under continual flow. We characterised the electrode integrity of the developed platforms with reference to biological sampling and buffer composition and subsequently we demonstrated concentration-dependent measurements of H2O2 depletion as resolved by existing FDA-validated ELISA kits. Finally, we validated the assay technology in both buffer and serum and demonstrate limits of detection comparable to high-end commercial systems with the addition of full microfluidic assay architecture capable of returning diagnostic analyses in approximately eight minutes.
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Park, Young-Jin, Ji-Eun Kim, Kyung-Min Na, Ki-Dong Yang, and Kyung-Hwan Cho. "Optimization and Analysis of Multilayer Planar Spiral Coils for the Application of Magnetic Resonance Wireless Power Transfer to Wearable Devices." Energies 14, no. 16 (August 19, 2021): 5113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14165113.
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In this study, small multilayer planar spiral coils were analyzed and optimized to wirelessly charge an in-ear wearable bio-signal monitoring device in a wine-glass-shaped transmitter (Tx) based on magnetic resonance wireless power transfer (MR-WPT). For analysis of these coils, a volume filament model (VFM) was used, and an equivalent circuit formulation for the VFM was proposed. The proposed method was applied to design effective multilayer coils with a diameter and height of 6 and 3.8 mm, respectively, in the wearable device. For the coils, a printed circuit board having a 0.6 mm thick dielectric substrate and a 2 oz thick copper metal was used. Moreover, the coils on each layer were connected in series. The dimensions of the double-, four-, and eight-layer coils were optimized for the maximum quality factor (Q-factor) and coupling efficiency. The operating frequency was 6.78 MHz. The optimal dimensions for the maximum Q-factor varied depending on the number of coil layers, pattern width, and turn number. For verification, the designed coils were fabricated and measured. For the four-layer coil, the coupling efficiency and Q-factor using the measured resistance and mutual inductance were 58.1% and 32.19, respectively. Calculations showed that the maximum Q-factor for the four-layer coil was 40.8 and the maximum coupling efficiency was 60.1%. The calculations and measurement were in good agreement. Finally, the entire system of the in-ear wearable bio-signal monitoring device, comprising a wine-glass-shaped transmitter, the designed receiving coil, and a monitoring circuit, was fabricated. The measured dc-dc efficiency of the MR-WPT system was 16.08%.
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Hu, Daoyu, Zhuyong Li, Zhiyong Hong, and Zhijian Jin. "Analysis of leakage field and current non-uniformity for HTS transformer windings using three dimension coupled field-circuit approach." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 36, no. 1 (January 3, 2017): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-04-2016-0150.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of different types of winding configurations on the distribution of leakage field and branch currents for a 330-kVA high-temperature superconducting (HTS) transformer winding. Design/methodology/approach A three-dimensional electromagnetic model coupled with a circuit model validated by an experiment is developed to calculate the leakage field and current uniformity under four different types of secondary winding configurations. The four types of gaps between secondary windings are uniform gap, arithmetic progression (AP) gap, six sections with three different gaps and eight sections with four different gaps. A coefficient named as uneven degree is used to define the current nonuniformity. Findings The simulation results show that the currents and leakage field of double pancakes (DPs) on both sides are larger than those of the other DPs, and the currents of several middle DPs are smaller than the average rated current with an ISOB gap and larger than the average rated current with an IBOS gap. For any one of the four types of winding configurations, the type with the ISOB gap can prohibit the current nonuniformity more effectively, whereas the IBOS gap can decrease the leakage field more. The AP with the ISOB gap is a wise choice for decreasing the uneven degree and leakage field. Practical implications There is an optimal winding configuration for decreasing the leakage field and uneven degree of branch currents. The results and numerical model are very useful for the design of a HTS transformer. Originality/value The leakage field distribution and branch currents nonuniformity for 25 parallel DPs are investigated and optimized.
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Zhang, Jingjie, Feng Jiang, Zhenyuan Cai, Yunchuan Dai, Daoxin Liu, Pengfei Song, Yuansheng Hou, Hongmei Gao, and Tongzuo Zhang. "Resistance-Based Connectivity Model to Construct Corridors of the Przewalski’s Gazelle (Procapra Przewalskii) in Fragmented Landscape." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 1656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041656.
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Habitat connectivity is indispensable for the survival of species that occupy a small habitat area and have isolated habitat patches from each other. At present, the development of human economy squeezes the living space of wildlife and interferes and hinders the dispersal of species. The Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii) is one of the most endangered ungulates, which has experienced a significant reduction in population and severe habitat shrinkage. Although the population of this species has recovered to a certain extent, human infrastructure severely hinders the gene flow between several patches of this species. Therefore, we used the maximum entropy (MaxEnt) model to simulate the habitat suitability of the Przewalski’s gazelle. In addition, we combined habitat suitability and ecological characteristics of the species to obtain eight habitat patches. Finally, we used the least-cost path (LCP) and circuit theory based on the resistance model to simulate the landscape network of this species. The results showed that habitat patches and connectivity in the east of the Qinghai Lake were crucial to the communication between populations of the Przewalski gazelle, and our study provided important reference for the distribution of important habitats and the construction of corridor between patches. Our study aimed to provide habitat networks and maintain landscape connectivity for achieving the fundamental goal of protecting and revitalizing populations of the Przewalski’s gazelle.
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Trutnev, G. A., K. K. Perevozchikov, and S. B. Nazarov. "Sensing System and Methods for Measuring Oscillations in the Resonator of a Hemispherical Resonator Gyroscope." Herald of the Bauman Moscow State Technical University. Series Instrument Engineering, no. 1 (130) (February 2020): 50–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.18698/0236-3933-2020-1-50-63.
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The paper considers a hemispherical resonator gyroscope and methods for combining eight capacitive displacement sensors into a measuring instrument. We propose a circuit diagram for a measuring instrument based on operational amplifiers. The diagram makes it possible to implement oscillation measurement for direct and alternating resonator voltages as well as a combined scenario. We derived a mathematical model simulating the output signal of the measuring instrument. We analysed the sensitivity of our system for different implementations of the measuring instrument. For the case when the modulating signal frequency and resonator oscillation frequency are multiples of each other, we derived expressions to find the angular wave position and offset signals for the control system. We used the linear term of the signal model to derive these equations, provided estimations of the errors occurring and guidelines on reducing them. We also investigated the case when the frequencies of the modulating and modulated signals are not multiples. We consider a general approach to evaluating wave pattern parameters, taking the emerging errors into account
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Sabaroedin, Kristina, Adeel Razi, Kevin Aquino, Sidhant Chopra, Amy Finlay, Barnaby Nelson, Kelly Allott, et al. "S166. EFFECTIVE CONNECTIVITY OF FRONTOSTRIATAL SYSTEMS IN FIRST-EPISODE PSYCHOSIS." Schizophrenia Bulletin 46, Supplement_1 (April 2020): S99—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbaa031.232.
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Abstract Background Neuroimaging studies have found dysconnectivity of frontostriatal circuits across a broad spectrum of psychotic symptoms. However, it is unknown whether dysconnectivity within frontostriatal circuits originates from disrupted bottom-up or top-down control signaling within these systems. Here, we used dynamic causal modelling (DCM) to examine the effective connectivity of frontostriatal systems in first-episode psychosis (FEP). Methods A total of 55 FEP patients (26 males; mean [SD] age = 19.24 [2.89]) and 24 healthy controls (15 males; mean [SD] age = 21.83 [1.93]) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging protocol. Biologically plausible connections between eight left hemisphere regions encompassing the dorsal and ventral frontostriatal systems were modelled using spectral DCM. The regions comprise dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventromedial prefrontal cortex, anterior hippocampus, amygdala, dorsal caudate, nucleus accumbens, thalamus, and the midbrain. Effective connectivity between groups were assessed using a parametric Bayesian model. Associations between effective connectivity parameters and positive symptoms, measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale positive subscale, was assessed in the patient group in a separate Bayesian general linear model. Results DCM shows evidence for differences in effective connectivity between patients and healthy controls, namely in the bottom-down connections distributed in the frontostriatal system encompassing the hippocampus, amygdala, striatum, and midbrain. Compared to healthy controls, patients also demonstrated increased disinhibition of the midbrain. In patients, positive symptoms are associated with increased top-down connections to the midbrain. Outgoing connection from the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens is also increased in association with positive symptoms. Discussion Aberrant top-down connectivity in the frontostriatal system in patients is consistent with top-down dysregulation of dopamine function in FEP, as dopaminergic activity in the midbrain is proposed to be under the control of higher brain areas. In patients, increased self-inhibition of the midbrain, as well as symptom associations in both ingoing and outgoing connections of this region, are congruous with hyperactivity of the midbrain as proposed by the dopamine dysregulation hypothesis. Here, we demonstrate that mathematical models of brain imaging signals can be used to identify the key disruptions driving brain circuit dysfunction, identifying new targets for treatment.
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Jennings, Denise, Stuart Cormack, Aaron J. Coutts, Luke J. Boyd, and Robert J. Aughey. "Variability of GPS Units for Measuring Distance in Team Sport Movements." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 5, no. 4 (December 2010): 565–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.4.565.
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Purpose:To examine the difference in distance measured by two global positioning system (GPS) units of the same model worn by the same player while performing movements common to team sports.Methods:Twenty elite Australian football players completed two trials of the straight line movement (10, 20, 40 m) at four speeds (walk, jog, stride, sprint), two trials of the changes of direction (COD) courses of two different frequencies (gradual and tight), and five trials of a team sport running simulation circuit. To assess inter-unit variability for total and high intensity running (HIR) distance measured in matches, data from eight field players were collected in three Australian Hockey League (AHL) matches during the 2009 season. Each subject wore two GPS devices (MinimaxX v2.5, Catapult, Australia) that collected position data at 5 Hz for each movement and match trial. The percentage difference ±90% confidence interval (CI) was used to determine differences between units.Results:Differences (±90% CI) between the units ranged from 9.9 ± 4.7% to 11.9 ± 19.5% for straight line running movements and from 9.5 ± 7.2% to 10.7 ± 7.9% in the COD courses. Similar results were exhibited in the team sport circuit (11.1 ± 4.2%). Total distance (10.3 ± 6.2%) and HIR distance (10.3 ± 15.6) measured during the match play displayed similar variability.Conclusion:It is recommended that players wear the same GPS unit for each exercise session to reduce measurement error. The level of between-unit measurement error should be considered when comparing results from players wearing different GPS units.
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Davydov, Denis, Elena Nosova, Sergey Loza, Aslan Achoh, Alexander Korzhov, Mikhail Sharafan, and Stanislav Melnikov. "Use of the Microheterogeneous Model to Assess the Applicability of Ion-Exchange Membranes in the Process of Generating Electricity from a Concentration Gradient." Membranes 11, no. 6 (May 28, 2021): 406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11060406.
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The paper shows the possibility of using a microheterogeneous model to estimate the transport numbers of counterions through ion-exchange membranes. It is possible to calculate the open-circuit potential and power density of the reverse electrodialyzer using the data obtained. Eight samples of heterogeneous ion-exchange membranes were studied, two samples for each of the following types of membranes: Ralex CM, Ralex AMH, MK-40, and MA-41. Samples in each pair differed in the year of production and storage conditions. In the work, these samples were named “batch 1” and “batch 2”. According to the microheterogeneous model, to calculate the transport numbers of counterions, it is necessary to use the concentration dependence of the electrical conductivity and diffusion permeability. The electrolyte used was a sodium chloride solution with a concentration range corresponding to the conditional composition of river water and the salinity of the Black Sea. During the research, it was found that samples of Ralex membranes of different batches have similar characteristics over the entire range of investigated concentrations. The calculated values of the transfer numbers for membranes of different batches differ insignificantly: ±0.01 for Ralex AMH in 1 M NaCl. For MK-40 and MA-41 membranes, a significant scatter of characteristics was found, especially in concentrated solutions. As a result, in 1 M NaCl, the transport numbers differ by ±0.05 for MK-40 and ±0.1 for MA-41. The value of the open circuit potential for the Ralex membrane pair showed that the experimental values of the potential are slightly lower than the theoretical ones. At the same time, the maximum calculated power density is higher than the experimental values. The maximum power density achieved in the experiment on reverse electrodialysis was 0.22 W/m2, which is in good agreement with the known literature data for heterogeneous membranes. The discrepancy between the experimental and theoretical data may be the difference in the characteristics of the membranes used in the reverse electrodialysis process from the tested samples and does not consider the shadow effect of the spacer in the channels of the electrodialyzer.
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Yu, Xiaojiao, Song Kou, Junkun Nie, Jian Zhang, Yuchen Wei, Jinfen Niu, and Binghua Yao. "Preparation and performance of Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film and photocatalytic degradation of Rhodamine B." Water Science and Technology 78, no. 4 (August 22, 2018): 913–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.369.
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Abstract A constant current electrodeposition approach was employed to prepare Cu2O/TiO2 nanocomposite thin film. X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman, ultraviolet visible light spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were used to characterize and analyze the thin film microstructure, surface morphology, and photoelectric properties. The effect of annealing treatment on the thin film properties is discussed. The response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the Rhodamine B (RhB) photocatalytic degradation by thin films, and the quadratic multinomial mathematical model was established. The photocatalytic degradation process of RhB was also studied. The results indicate that the prepared Cu2O thin film was of high purity, with a (111) crystal plane preferred orientation. The average particle diameter was approximately 100–200 nm, and the absorbing boundary was approximately 600 nm. After annealing treatment, the absorbing boundary and open-circuit voltage increased, and Cu2O thin film exhibited an obvious absorbance response in the visible-light range. The established model has better fitness and higher reliability, and the R2 value of established quadratic model is 0.9818. The optimal degradation conditions were obtained by RSM. Under optimum conditions, the RhB degradation rate could reach 98.4% in 3 h and the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rate was 48.2%. Recycling results reveal that RhB degradation rate can still reach 94.5% after eight cycles.
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Barak, J., S. Einav, A. Tadmor, B. Vidne, and W. G. Austen. "The Effect of Colloid Osmotic Pressure on the Survival of Sheep following Cardiac Surgery." International Journal of Artificial Organs 12, no. 1 (January 1989): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/039139888901200108.
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The occurrence of late complications in implanted cardiac prosthetic valves has emphasized the need for the development of an animal model in which these complications are reproducible. Sheep constitute an excellent model for chronical and pathological studies of prosthetic devices. In our experience, survival of sheep following implantation of prosthetic valves is closely related to postoperative serum colloid osmotic pressure (C.O.P.). The normal range as measured in 28 healthy sheep was 16.67 ± 0.55 mm Hg. A protocol was developed to maintain the colloid hydrostatic pressure gradient (C.H.P.G.) as close as possible to the normal physiological range, and to delay the extubation until the C.O.P. was within this range, and the C.H.P.G. > 7mm Hg. Using the above protocol, a new tri-leaflet Polyurethane valve was inserted into eight, five to seven month old sheep in place of the mitral and tricuspidal valves. One hour after terminating the extacorporeal circuit, the C.O.P. was measured at 13.10 ± 0.96; but within five to six hours, it rose to 17.1 ± 1.1. During the same period, the C.H.P.G. increased from 3.02 ± 0.96 to 7.6 ± 0.50 mm Hg. The postoperative period was uneventful, and all animals survived. We have thus concluded that the routine measurement and monitoring of C.O.P. constitutes a guide of great clinical importance.
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Freitas Carvalho, Francelino, Carlos Augusto de Moraes Cruz, Greicy Costa Marques, and Kayque Martins Cruz Damasceno. "Angular Light, Polarization and Stokes Parameters Information in a Hybrid Image Sensor with Division of Focal Plane." Sensors 20, no. 12 (June 16, 2020): 3391. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20123391.
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Targeting 3D image reconstruction and depth sensing, a desirable feature for complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) image sensors is the ability to detect local light incident angle and the light polarization. In the last years, advances in the CMOS technologies have enabled dedicated circuits to determine these parameters in an image sensor. However, due to the great number of pixels required in a cluster to enable such functionality, implementing such features in regular CMOS imagers is still not viable. The current state-of-the-art solutions require eight pixels in a cluster to detect local light intensity, incident angle and polarization. The technique to detect local incident angle is widely exploited in the literature, and the authors have shown in previous works that it is possible to perform the job with a cluster of only four pixels. In this work, the authors explore three novelties: a mean to determine three of four Stokes parameters, the new paradigm in polarization cluster-pixel design, and the extended ability to detect both the local light angle and intensity. The features of the proposed pixel cluster are demonstrated through simulation program with integrated circuit emphasis (SPICE) of the regular Quadrature Pixel Cluster and Polarization Pixel Cluster models, the results of which are compliant with experimental results presented in the literature.
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Jia, Chao, Wen Qian An, Xu Fang Bo, and Xiao Fang Chen. "Methods of Path Identification and Processing in Freescale Intelligence Car." Applied Mechanics and Materials 631-632 (September 2014): 606–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.631-632.606.
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It is based on the Eighth National College "Freescale" intelligent vehicle competition, this contest requirements to make a model car which can identify the road on the model vehicle platforms independently. If the model car completes contest in accordance with the line for the shortest time that it is winning. Therefore, researching various types of track and the path tracking approach of each group model car is particularly important. First it describes the various types of track, and then describes track recognition principle of each group by using corresponding sensors in detail, finally it analysis how to use sensor to deal with all kinds of circuit method, so that the model car can be quickly and securely through a variety of track, and in the shortest time to reach the end.
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Fouodji Tsotsop, M., J. Kengne, G. Kenne, and Z. Tabekoueng Njitacke. "Coexistence of Multiple Points, Limit Cycles, and Strange Attractors in a Simple Autonomous Hyperjerk Circuit with Hyperbolic Sine Function." Complexity 2020 (July 29, 2020): 1–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/6182183.
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In this contribution, a new elegant hyperjerk system with three equilibria and hyperbolic sine nonlinearity is investigated. In contrast to other models of hyperjerk systems where either hidden or self-excited attractors are obtained, the case reported in this work represents a unique one which displays the coexistence of self-excited chaotic attractors and stable fixed points. The dynamic properties of the new system are explored in terms of equilibrium point analyses, symmetry and dissipation, and existence of attractors as well. Common analysis tools (i.e., bifurcation diagram, Lyapunov exponents, and phase portraits) are used to highlight some important phenomena such as period-doubling bifurcation, chaos, periodic windows, and symmetric restoring crises. More interestingly, the system under consideration shows the coexistence of several types of stable states, including the coexistence of two, three, four, six, eight, and ten coexisting attractors. In addition, the system is shown to display antimonotonicity and offset boosting. Laboratory experimental measurements show a very good coherence with the theoretical predictions.
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Camargo, Eugenio, Nancy Visairo, Ciro Núñez, Juan Segundo, Juan Cuevas, and Dante Mora. "Detection of Low Electrolyte Level for Vented Lead–Acid Batteries Based on Electrical Measurements." Energies 12, no. 23 (November 21, 2019): 4435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12234435.
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It is well known that a low level of electrolytes in batteries produces a malfunction or even failure and irreversible damage. There are several kinds of sensors to detect the electrolyte level. Some of them are non-invasive, such as optical sensors of level, while some others are invasive; but both require one sensor per battery. This paper proposes a different approach to detect the low electrolyte level, which neither requires invasive sensors nor one sensor for each battery. The approach is based on the estimation of the internal resistance of an equivalent electrical circuit (EEC) model of the battery. To establish the detection criterion of the low level of electrolytes, a statistical analysis is proposed. To demonstrate the feasibility of this approach to be considered a valid method, multiple experiments were performed. The experiments consisted of determining how the internal resistance is affected at eight different levels of electrolyte at different aging levels of vented lead–acid (VLA) batteries. The results have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach. Hence, this approach has the potential to be used for the reducing of sensors and avoiding invasive methods to determine the low level of electrolytes.
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Ren, Zongqiang, Hongwei Li, and Wentao Yu. "Research on Coil Impedance of Self-Inductive Displacement Sensor Considering Core Eddy Current." Sensors 21, no. 18 (September 20, 2021): 6292. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21186292.
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The inductive displacement sensor is widely used in active magnetic bearing (AMB) systems to detect rotor displacement in real time, and the performance of the sensor directly affects the performance of AMB. At present, most theoretical studies on the working principle of inductive displacement sensor are based on a traditional mathematical model, ignoring the influence of the core magnetic resistance and core eddy current, which will lead to a certain error between the theoretical analysis of the sensor output characteristics and the actual situation. In this regard, based on the theory of electromagnetic field and circuit, an improved theoretical model of the inductive sensor was established in this paper by introducing the complex permeability, by which the influence of core eddy current on magnetic field can be taken into account. In order to verify the improved model, an eight-pole radial self-inductive displacement sensor with an air gap of 1 mm was designed. Then the electromagnetic field of the designed sensor was simulated by a finite element software and the GW LCR-6100 measuring instrument was used to measure the changes of the inductance and resistance of the designed sensor core coils with the rotor displacement at 20–100 kHz. The results demonstrated that there is a good linear relationship between the impedance change of the sensor coils and the rotor displacement within the measurement range of −0.4 ~ +0.4 mm. At the same time, compared with the traditional model, the sensitivity of the improved theoretical model is closer to the results from FEM and experiment, and the accuracy of the sensitivity of the improved theoretical model can be approximately doubled, despite there are certain differences with the experimental situation. Therefore, the improved theoretical model considering complex permeability is of great significance for studying the influence of core eddy current on the coil impedance of sensor.
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Ribeiro, Igo B., Janet M. C. Ngu, Gurinder Gill, and Fraser D. Rubens. "Development of a high fidelity pressurized porcine beating heart simulator for cardiac surgery training." Perfusion 32, no. 7 (May 21, 2017): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659117709921.
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Background: Development of a high-fidelity cardiac surgery simulator (CSS) requires integration of a heart model with a mock cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) circuit that can provide feedback to mimic the pathophysiology of cardiac surgery. However, the cost of commercially available simulators precludes regular use. We describe steps in the construction of a high-fidelity CSS that integrates a pulsatile paracorporeal ventricular-assist device (Pulse-VAD) and a commercially available CPB simulator. Methods/Results: Eight porcine hearts were initially prepared. The configuration consisted of cannulation of the distal descending aorta and the inferior vena cava to enable pressurization of the heart after connection to the Califia® simulator, as well as Pulse-VAD cannulation (fitted with inflatable balloons) of both ventricles. After each simulation run, the team addressed key issues to derive successive model changes through consensus. Key modifications included: a) pressure maintenance of the cardiac chambers (removal of lungs, Pulse-VAD cannulation sites at the left pulmonary artery and vein, double ligation of arch vessels); b) high-fidelity beating of both ventricles (full Pulse-VAD bladder filling and ensuring balloon neck placement at the valvular plane) and c) reproducible management of porcine anatomy (management of porcine aorta, ligation of left azygous vein and shortened ascending thoracic aortic segment). Conclusion: A CSS can be prepared at low cost, with integration into a high-fidelity CPB simulator with a novel beating heart component. This setup can be used in teaching the basics of CPB techniques and complex surgical procedures. Future work is needed to validate this model as a simulation instrument.
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Gimenez, Jesus Vicente, Jorge Garcia-Unanue, Archit Navandar, David Viejo-Romero, Javier Sanchez-Sanchez, Leonor Gallardo, Antonio Hernandez-Martin, and Jose Luis Felipe. "Comparison between Two Different Device Models 18 Hz GPS Used for Time–Motion Analyses in Ecological Testing of Football." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061912.
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Background: The aim of this study was to compare the validity of two different GPS device models used for time–motion analyses in ecological testing of football. Methods: Ten healthy male players from a Spanish university football team participated in this study. The team sport simulation circuit (TSCC) used was based on previous research examining the validity and interunit reliability of different GPS systems. Participants were required to complete eight laps of the TSSC, resulting in a total distance of 1320 m. The GPS units used for the current study were the 18 Hz StatsSport Apex Pro and 18 Hz RealTrack WIMU Pro. Participants were required to wear either of the two GPS units during the test. To establish the construct validity of GPS as a measure of Vmax, timing lights were used as a gold standard. Results: The results clearly suggest that it is not possible to use the same 18 Hz GPS model or interchange it. The measurement can be considered precise when the noise is at least equal to or lower than the smallest worthwhile change. In this case, all standard deviation in measurement error was higher than the smallest worthwhile change. This is due to an inconsistency in the data processing of each trademark. Conclusions: It is important to prevent a club using different GPS trademarks at the same time, since it is not possible to compare in any case any type of result obtained between different trademarks.
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Xie, Z., M. S. A. Abdou, X. Lu, M. J. Deen, and S. Holdcroft. "Electrical characteristics and photolytic tuning of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin film metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs)." Canadian Journal of Physics 70, no. 10-11 (October 1, 1992): 1171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p92-189.
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In this paper, we present results on the electrical characteristics of both thick and thin film polymer metal–insulator–semiconductor field-effect transistors (MISFETs) based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) semiconducting substrate. These MISFETs were fabricated in eight steps using conventional semiconductor processing technology. The MISFETs had excellent current–voltage characteristics and showed little degradation with time. Electrical parameters of threshold voltage, mobility, and transconductance were − 1 V, 10−4–10−5 cm2 V−1 s−1, and 10−9 S, respectively. These values are typical of π-conjugated polymer-based MISFETs. Electrical transport in MISFETs were by both bulk (or resistive) and FET-like mechanisms in the thick film transistors. The resistive current component and the electrical characteristics were found to be tunable by photolytic degradation of the semiconducting polymer. In this process, the semiconducting π-conjugated regions were spatially converted to insulating regions by novel photo-oxidative chemistry. We were also successful in modelling the MISFETs as an intrinsic FET with parasitic source and drain resistances in series with it and a varistor (for the bulk current component) in parallel with the intrinsic FET. Using this circuit model, we obtained very good agreements between SPICE simulations and the experimental results.
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Patil, Yogesh, Shivanand Gaddi, and Rajiv Hunashal. "Potentials of some Waste Biomaterials as Sorbents for Gold- and Silver-Cyanide Removal from Aqueous Matrices." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 627–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.627.
Full textAbstract:
Plating, printed circuit board, jewellery units, photofinishing and mining industries emanate large-volume low-tenor effluents containing metal-cyanide (MxCN) like gold-and silver-cyanide. Since metal moiety of MxCN being precious, non-renewable and finite resource; their complete removal from effluents is the key. Biosorption has immense potential of becoming efficient and economical alternative to recover the wasted metal resource over conventional methods. Twenty-eight low-cost biomaterials obtained from diverse sources were screened for gold-and silver-cyanide uptake. Study revealed that maximum uptake of both MxCN took place at acidic pH. Based on maximum uptake, Rice Husk (RH) andEicchorniaroot (ER) biomass were selected for gold-and silver-cyanide sorption, respectively, for further studies. Optimal conditions for sorption were: pH (4.0-7.0), biosorbent quantity (1-3%), rate of uptake (40 min) and initial MxCN concentration (5-500 μmol). Biosorption data obtained conformed to Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption models (R2>0.98). NaOH acted as an efficient desorbing agent (>95%).
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Shimpalee, Sirivatch, Sirawit Shimpalee, Vijay Sethuraman, and Mitchelle Spigner. "A novel vortex-induced vibration based piezoelectric powered generator for maritime propulsion systems." Maritime Technology and Research 3, no. 1 (June 11, 2020): Manuscript. http://dx.doi.org/10.33175/mtr.2021.241124.
Full textAbstract:
Vortex Induced Vibrations (VIVs), a phenomenon where the fluid flow causes oscillations against an object called a bluff body by vortex shedding, have been studied as a source of renewable energy. However, few studies have focused on the use of VIVs for maritime propulsion. In this investigation, a novel VIV based piezoelectric generator and rechargeable battery were created for use as a maritime propulsion system. The purpose of this research was to see if piezoelectricity is a feasible source of power for a maritime propulsion system. It was hypothesized that if different velocities are applied to a piezoelectric generator, then 3.4 m/s would produce the most power to operate a model ship. In order to determine the feasibility of the generator, testing was conducted in stages, where each stage saw different modifications to the generator. Each generator design was then exposed to eight different velocities. Afterwards, the data was analyzed through the use of line graphs, box plots, and ANOVAs. It was determined that although the hypothesis was partially supported in some cases, it was ultimately not supported due to the behavior of the most powerful configuration. Furthermore, the ANOVA tests determined that significant differences existed between frequencies as a result of velocity and spring constant, while the number of piezoelectric transducers and velocity affected the voltage (p<⍺). No combination achieved enough output to sufficiently operate a model ship. However, the effectiveness of the generator can be improved by implementing an efficient circuit and modification of the transducers.
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Vargas-Irwin, Carlos E., David M. Brandman, Jonas B. Zimmermann, John P. Donoghue, and Michael J. Black. "Spike Train SIMilarity Space (SSIMS): A Framework for Single Neuron and Ensemble Data Analysis." Neural Computation 27, no. 1 (January 2015): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/neco_a_00684.
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Increased emphasis on circuit level activity in the brain makes it necessary to have methods to visualize and evaluate large-scale ensemble activity beyond that revealed by raster-histograms or pairwise correlations. We present a method to evaluate the relative similarity of neural spiking patterns by combining spike train distance metrics with dimensionality reduction. Spike train distance metrics provide an estimate of similarity between activity patterns at multiple temporal resolutions. Vectors of pair-wise distances are used to represent the intrinsic relationships between multiple activity patterns at the level of single units or neuronal ensembles. Dimensionality reduction is then used to project the data into concise representations suitable for clustering analysis as well as exploratory visualization. Algorithm performance and robustness are evaluated using multielectrode ensemble activity data recorded in behaving primates. We demonstrate how spike train SIMilarity space (SSIMS) analysis captures the relationship between goal directions for an eight-directional reaching task and successfully segregates grasp types in a 3D grasping task in the absence of kinematic information. The algorithm enables exploration of virtually any type of neural spiking (time series) data, providing similarity-based clustering of neural activity states with minimal assumptions about potential information encoding models.
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D’Souza, Genevieve M., Aaron Norris, Luiz Dias Batista, and Luis O. Tedeschi. "PSII-14 Effect of live yeast on greenhouse gas emissions and energy partitioning of growing steers in heat-stress conditions." Journal of Animal Science 98, Supplement_4 (November 3, 2020): 407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skaa278.713.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The objective of this trial was to identify the influence of live yeast supplementation (LY) and temperature exposure (TEMP) on greenhouse gas emissions and energy metabolism of steers receiving a grower diet. The effects of LY and TEMP were investigated using a 2 × 2 crossover design that spanned five periods. Eight Angus crossbred steers (365 ± 32 kg; 41 mo) were randomly split into pairs and housed in four outdoor pens outfitted with an individualized feeding system. Animals were limit fed a grower diet (DIET) at 1.2% SBW with no live yeast supplementation (NOY) or a grower diet top-dressed with 10 g live yeast/d for 14 days (1.2 × 1012 CFU/d). On days 13 and 14, animals were subjected to one of two TEMP conditions, thermoneutral (TN; 18.4 ± 1.1°C, 57.6 ± 2.8 % RH) or heat stress (HS; 33.8 ± 0.6°C, 55.7 ± 2.7 % RH), in two side-by-side, single-stall open-circuit, indirect respiration calorimetry chambers. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Carryover effects were examined and removed from the model if not significant (P > 0.05). There was no effect of DIET, TEMP, or DIET × TEMP (P ≥ 0.752) on enteric methane or carbon dioxide emissions. Similarly, GE, ME, DE, and RE were not influenced by DIET, TEMP, or DIET × TEMP (P ≥ 0.152). Gaseous energy, as a percentage of GE, tended to increase during HS (P = 0.097). Heat energy, as a percentage of GE, had a significant LY carryover effect (P = 0.045), with HS×NOY resulting in less HE than TN×NOY (P = .0495) and HS×LY (P = .084). Live yeast supplementation did not reduce enteric emissions, nor did it improve energy metabolism during heat stress. Further research is required to better understand the dynamic relationship between live yeast and temperature exposure.