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Journal articles on the topic 'The emitter'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Yasnohorodskyi, M. A. "The use of various materials as a metal component in a metamaterial thermophotovoltaic emitter." Radiotekhnika, no. 210 (September 28, 2022): 160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30837/rt.2022.3.210.13.

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Thermophotovoltaics (TPV) is a process by which photons emitted by a heat emitter are converted into electrical energy by a photovoltaic cell. Selective heat emitters that can survive temperatures at or above 1000°C have the potential to significantly improve the energy conversion efficiency of a PV cell by limiting the emission of photons with energies below the band gap energy of a photovoltaic cell. Waste heat can be a valuable source of energy if we can find a way to harvest it efficiently. Deviations from ideal absorption and ideal blackbody behavior lead to light losses. For select

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2

Anttu, Nicklas, Henrik Mäntynen, Anastasiia Sorokina, Pyry Kivisaari, Toufik Sadi, and Harri Lipsanen. "Geometry Tailoring of Emission from Semiconductor Nanowires and Nanocones." Photonics 7, no. 2 (2020): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics7020023.

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Semiconductor nanowires are of interest as light emitters in applications such as light-emitting diodes and single-photon sources. Due to the three-dimensional geometry in combination with a size comparable to the wavelength of the emitted light, nanowires have shown strong scattering effects for the emitted light. Here, we demonstrate with electromagnetic modeling that the emission properties of nanowires/nanocones show a complicated dependence on the geometry of the nanowire/nanocone, the shape and position of the emitter region, and the polarization of the emitter. We show that with proper

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3

Liu, Bai, Fang, Ni, Lu, and Xu. "A Pragmatic Bilayer Selective Emitter for Efficient Radiative Cooling under Direct Sunlight." Materials 12, no. 8 (2019): 1208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12081208.

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Radiative cooling can make the selective emitter cool below ambient temperature without any external energy. Recent advances in photonic crystal and metamaterial technology made a high-efficiency selective emitter achievable by precisely controlling the emitter’s Infrared emission spectrum. However, the high cost of the photonic crystals and meta-materials limit their application. Herein, an efficient bilayer selective emitter is prepared based on the molecular vibrations of functional nanoparticles. By optimizing the volume fraction of the functional nanoparticles, the bilayer selective emitt

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Li, Zhangyan, Liming Yu, Na Li, Liuhong Chang, and Ningbo Cui. "Influence of Flushing Velocity and Flushing Frequency on the Service Life of Labyrinth-Channel Emitters." Water 10, no. 11 (2018): 1630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111630.

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Dripline flushing is an effective way to relieve emitter clogging and extend the longevity of drip irrigation systems. This laboratory study was conducted at Kunming University of Science and Technology to evaluate the effect of three targeted flushing velocities (0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 m/s) and four flushing frequencies (no flushing, flushing daily, and flushing every three or five days) on the emitter’s service life and the particle size distribution of the sediment discharged from emitters and trapped in an emitter channel. The gradation of particle size was analyzed by a laser particle size ana

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NAWAZ, A., S. TAHIR, A. ALI, et al. "EFFECT OF PHOSPHOROUS/BORON DOPING PROFILE DIFFERENCES ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SILICON SOLAR CELLS." Journal of Ovonic Research 16, no. 1 (2020): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15251/jor.2020.161.63.

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This research work was done under title “Effect of phosphorous/boron doping profile differences on the performance of silicon solar cells”. Emitter diffusion either phosphorous or boron is quite challenging in photovoltaic industry. It directly affects the emitter saturation current density and the emitter quantum efficiency of silicon solar cells. Our main objective was to make the comparison of both phosphorous and boron diffused emitters for different peak dopant concentrations in silicon solar cells. It was done by using EDNA 2 simulations. We used different parameters in EDNA 2 and simula

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KOH, W. S., and L. K. ANG. "SIMULATION OF HIGH CURRENT FIELD EMISSION FROM VERTICALLY WELL-ALIGNED METALLIC CARBON NANOTUBES." International Journal of Nanoscience 03, no. 04n05 (2004): 677–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x04002528.

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We have studied the intense electron beams emitted from multiple metallic, vertical and well-aligned Carbon Nanotube (CNT) field emitters. A two-dimensional (2D) particle-in-cell simulation code MAGIC2D is used to obtain the I–V characteristics near to the apex of the emitters' surface for a given applied electric field and field enhancement factor over a wide range of parameters. The effects of electron space charge and electric field shielding from neighboring emitters are compared in low current and high current regimes. It is found that the electron space charge is dominant in high current

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7

Zhou, Hongxu, Yunkai Li, Youheng Fang, Yang Xiao, and Qiang Li. "Assessment of Flat Emitter Anti-Clogging Performance in Drip Irrigation Systems." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 3 (2019): 641–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13151.

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Abstract. Selecting drip emitters with excellent anti-clogging performance (AP) is vital to ensure the safe operation of drip irrigation systems. However, previous researchers have not reached a consensus on emitter selection and evaluation standards based on emitter AP. In this study, eight types of flat emitters were selected as experimental objects, and high-sand surface water was used as the water source to test the AP of emitters with three experimental treatments. The emitter total coefficient of evaluation index (ETEI) was applied to analyze the relative differences in AP of the emitter

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8

Almario-Narváez, Johana, Javier Enrique Vélez-Sánchez, and María Jaqueline Molina-Ochoa. "Emitter clogging when using water from a tributary of the Bogotá River in Colombia." Agronomía Colombiana 34, no. 2 (2016): 260–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v34n2.56890.

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An experiment was conducted to study the behavior of three types of emitters used in Colombia under real-work conditions using water from the Neusa River, a tributary of the Bogotá River. The emitters included: an in-line turbulent-flow emitter (E1), an integrated turbulent-flow emitter (E2), and an integrated self-regulated turbulent-flow emitter (E3). The operation and quality of the emitters were evaluated taking into account the flow decrease trend over time (RF), the flow reduction percentage of the emitters (qr), the coefficient of variation (Cv), the Christiansen uniformity coefficient

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9

Jonsson, Robert H., and Johannes Knörzer. "Chain-mapping methods for relativistic light-matter interactions." Quantum 8 (January 30, 2024): 1237. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2024-01-30-1237.

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The interaction between localized emitters and quantum fields, both in relativistic settings and in the case of ultra-strong couplings, requires non-perturbative methods beyond the rotating-wave approximation. In this work we employ chain-mapping methods to achieve a numerically exact treatment of the interaction between a localized emitter and a scalar quantum field. We extend the application range of these methods beyond emitter observables and apply them to study field observables. We first provide an overview of chain-mapping methods and their physical interpretation, and discuss the therm

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10

Li, Xiao Quan. "The Fabrication Study of Branched Cathode Electrode for Field Emitter in a FED Panel." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 652–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.652.

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Using carbon nanotubes as field emitters, the field emission display panel with branched cathode electrode was fabricated. For the cathode faceplate, the branched cathode electrode was composed of the emitter conducting layer and the emitter supporting layer. On the emitter supporting layer surface the carbon nanotubes field emitters were prepared, and the emitter conducting layer would be covered with the emitter insulation layer. The applied cathode potential would be conducted by the emitter conducting layer, which could decrease the additional voltage drop. The good field emission characte

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11

POHER, Claude, and Danielle POHER. "Transient Luminous Events, into the Stratosphere and the Mesosphere, observed during violent thunderstorms lightning, are explained thanks to laboratory jets of photons in air, occuring during emission of Gravitational Quanta." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 5 (2021): 261–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.85.10216.

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   Abstract : A Gravitational field emitter, as we patented in 2006, is composed of an “active” material squeezed between two metallic electrodes. The active material is superconducting, with conductive or insulating grains added inside, to get local electric fields during brief electric discharges made into that emitter. Along such a discharge, the emitter propels itself, by anisotropic re-emission of interacting Gravitational Quanta. These emitted quanta accelerate distant matter particles placed along their trajectory. With early YBCO superconducting material emitters, coo

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12

Mostafa, Harby, and Wael Sultan. "Hydraulic evaluation of locally modified emitter under laboratory conditions." Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology-Aqua 67, no. 3 (2018): 291–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/aqua.2018.123.

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Abstract Drip irrigation systems have become a major part of developing agriculture in Egypt and the aim of this research was to obtain the best performance from irrigation systems management using locally modified and original emitters. The experiments were carried out at the National Irrigation Laboratory of the Agricultural Engineering Research Institute. The emitters were tested and calibrated under different operating pressures (0.50, 0.75, 1 and 1.25 bar) to determine emitter flow rates and emitter emission uniformity (EU) and manufacturing variation coefficient (CV). The original emitte

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13

Olesiński, Adam, and Zbigniew Piotrowski. "An Adaptive Energy Saving Algorithm for an RSSI-Based Localization System in Mobile Radio Sensors." Sensors 21, no. 12 (2021): 3987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21123987.

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In localization systems based on the emission of reference radio signals, an important issue related to the reliability of sensor operation is the problem of operating time and power of the emitted reference radio signal. There are many localization methods that have proven useful in practice and that use a reference radio signal for this purpose. In the issue of determining the location of radio emitters, various radio signal propagation models are used to determine the effective range and distance of the sensor-receiver from the radio emitter. This paper presents an adaptive power control al

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14

Dobrzański, Maciej, and Robert Cichowicz. "Analysis of Ammonia Emissions from Thermal Sludge Treatment Plants." Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska 26 (December 13, 2024): 716–27. https://doi.org/10.54740/ros.2024.063.

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The article presents an analysis of the spatial dispersion of ammonia in the troposphere, emitted from the thermal treatment of sludge from the sewage treatment plant in Łódź. The study aimed to assess the impact of the emitter on the air quality in the nearby single-family housing estate. The results of field measurements of ammonia concentration were compared with computer simulations based on data measured at the emitter. Mobile measuring equipment mounted on a transport platform and an unmanned aerial vehicle was used to conduct field measurements, which were then subjected to analytical p

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15

Papadaki, Margarita-Georgia, Nikolaos Kyvelos, Emmanuel Paspalakis, and Vassilios Yannopapas. "Modification of the Emission Spectrum of a Quantum Emitter in the Vicinity of Bismuth Chalcogenide Microparticles." Photonics 10, no. 6 (2023): 658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060658.

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We examine theoretically the effect of bismuth chalcogenide microparticles on the spontaneous emission of a double-V-type quantum emitter in free space. We have found, in particular, that the presence of a single microparticle causes a high degree of quantum interference in the way the quantum emitter releases energy in the process of spontaneous emission. This, in turn, leads to significant changes in the spectrum of the emitted energy. The quantum emitter’s initial state is crucial to how the energy is released in the presence of the microparticle. This observation has potential implications

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16

Al-Mefleh, Naji K., Samer Talozi, and Khaled Abu Naser. "Assessment of Treated Wastewater Reuse in Drip Irrigation under Different Pressure Conditions." Water 13, no. 8 (2021): 1033. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081033.

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This study aims to investigate the influence of treated wastewater (TWW) on the hydraulic performance of drip irrigation emitters. A field experiment was conducted in order to test two types of online emitters, a low pressure (LP) and a standard pressure (SP), at different working pressures (0.25 bar, 0.50 bar, and 1.00 bar) using TWW. The emitters were initially evaluated in the laboratory and the field for the discharge exponent (X), discharge coefficient (Kd), average emitter discharge (Qavg), coefficient of variation (CV), distribution uniformity (DU), the mean discharge ratio (Dra), and t

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17

Al-Mefleh, Naji K., Ibrahim Bashabsheh, Samer Talozi, and Taha A. Al-Issa. "Field evaluation of the performance of different irrigation emitter types using treated wastewater." Water Quality Research Journal 50, no. 3 (2015): 240–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wqrjc.2015.043.

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Experimental tests are carried out to evaluate the impact of treated wastewater (TWW) on the discharge of five different types of emitters which are commonly used. Two water qualities, fresh water (FW) and treated wastewater, and five types of emitters, GR, Nein (NE), Edin (ED), Corona (CO), and Rain Bird (RB) are tested. The values of chemical properties for FW show mostly low clogging potential on emitter performance. The clogging potential for TWW varied from low to medium. The exception was for pH where there was severe clogging potential for both water types. The performance of emitters w

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18

Lemetayer, J., C. Marion, D. Fabre, and F. Plouraboué. "Multi-inception patterns of emitter array/collector systems in DC corona discharge." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 18 (2022): 185203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac4e35.

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Abstract Multiple emitters systems have been previously used so as to increase charge density in the drift region, many times without producing sensible increment neither in total current nor ionic wind. This contribution focuses on analyzing the detailed physics behind this failure, that is named ‘multiple emitters un-scalability’. It is established that multiple emitters un-scalability is related to the inability of multiple corona discharge inceptions when increasing the emitter number and/or density. This confirms recent findings that corona discharge inception is shielded by electro-stati

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19

Oh, Minsu, Kevin Grossklaus, and Thomas E. Vandervelde. "Large-area 1D selective emitter for thermophotovoltaic applications in the mid-infrared." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 41, no. 1 (2023): 012203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002198.

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Two- or three-dimensionally patterned subwavelength structures, also known as metamaterials, have the advantage of arbitrarily engineerable optical properties. In thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications, metamaterials are commonly used to optimize the emitter’s radiation spectrum for various source temperatures. The output power of a TPV device is proportional to the photon flux, which is proportional to the emitter size. However, using 2D or 3D metamaterials imposes challenges to realizing large emitters since fabricating their subwavelength features typically involves complicated fabrication p

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Wierzbińska, Monika. "The Effect of Point Emitter Geometric Parameters on Dustfall." Chemistry-Didactics-Ecology-Metrology 21, no. 1-2 (2016): 83–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdem-2016-0007.

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AbstractIn this paper, the modeling results are presented of point emitter geometric parameters determining the dispersion of dust pollution in the atmospheric air and finally also dustfall. The parameters include: the height and diameter of the emitter. Using the maps generated by “Ek100w” programme of Atmoterm company from Opole, Poland, an analysis of the PM10 dustfall value distribution on the analyzed area has been made. Fraction of dust - PM10 - was emitted from emitters of various working parameters. Three situations were analyzed: emission from a one-family (detached) building, from an

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21

A. N., Kunapara, Subbaiah R., and Patel G. R. "Approximation of the Pressure-discharge Curve in Inline Drip Irrigation System." Journal of Scientific Research and Reports 30, no. 8 (2024): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jsrr/2024/v30i82222.

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The efficiency of drip irrigation systems depends directly on the uniformity of water discharge from emission devices. Ideally, all emitters should discharge equal amounts of water, but variations occur due to hydraulic and manufacturing factors. This study established the pressure-discharge relationship curve and determined emitter flow variation caused by the hydraulic and the manufacturer’s coefficients of variation for 2 and 4 lph inline emitters. The power exponent and constant of the pressure-discharge curve were determined by measuring the emitter flow rates at operating pressures rangi

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22

AL-agele, Hadi A., Lloyd Nackley, and Chad Higgins. "Testing Novel New Drip Emitter with Variable Diameters for a Variable Rate Drip Irrigation." Agriculture 11, no. 2 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11020087.

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This research presents a new variable rate drip irrigation (VRDI) emitter design that can monitor individual water drops. Conventional drip systems cannot monitor the individual water flow rate per emitter. Application uniformity for conventional drip emitters can be decreased by clogged emitters, irregular emitter orifices, and decreases in pressure. A VRDI emitter can overcome the irrigation challenges in the field by increasing water application uniformity for each plant and reducing water losses. Flow rate is affected by the diameter of the delivery pipe and the pressure of the irrigation

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Sorokina, Anastasiia, Harri Lipsanen, and Nicklas Anttu. "Designing outcoupling of light from nanostructured emitter in stratified medium with parasitic absorption." Journal of Applied Physics 131, no. 22 (2022): 223104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088387.

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We demonstrate dipole-based modeling for designing nanostructured emitters in a stratified surrounding medium in the presence of parasitic absorption, while giving equivalent information about far-field emission as Lorentz reciprocity. We consider the challenging modeling case of a single nanowire with a parasitically absorbing planar top contact layer. The main advantage of our approach is the use of a near-field-to-far-field transformation (NFFT) adapted for stratified surrounding, which speeds up the simulations compared to approaches without such a NFFT. We show how the thickness of the co

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Santalices, David, Juan Meléndez, and Susana Briz. "Virtual Spectral Selectivity in a Modulated Thermal Infrared Emitter with Lock-In Detection." Sensors 22, no. 14 (2022): 5451. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22145451.

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The need for affordable low-power devices has led MEMS-based thermal emitters to become an interesting option for optical gas sensors. Since these emitters have a low thermal mass, they can be easily modulated and combined with a lock-in amplifier for detection. In this paper, we show that the signal measured by a lock-in amplifier from a thermal emitter that varies its temperature periodically can have different spectral profiles, depending on the reference signal used. These virtual emitters appear because the Fourier series expansion of the emitted radiance, as a function of time, has diffe

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Keyes, E. P., and N. G. Tarr. "Effect of annealing on polysilicon emitter transistors." Canadian Journal of Physics 67, no. 4 (1989): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p89-031.

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The effect of 900 °C furnace annealing on transistors with in situ phosphorus-doped polysilicon emitters has been investigated. For devices with chemically grown interfacial oxides, annealing is essential to give acceptable emitter resistance and emitter Gummel numbers. For devices lacking an intentionally grown interfacial oxide, annealing is necessary to reduce the emitter resistance to a tolerable level, but it simultaneously lowers the emitter Gummel number.

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Ariandi, Lalu Muhammad, Guyup Mahardhian Dwi Putra, and Sirajuddin Haji Abdullah. "ANALISIS KOMPOSISI SERBUK GERGAJI TERHADAP KONDUKTIVITAS HIDROLIK PIPA MORTARI IRIGASI TETES BAWAH PERMUKAAN TANAH (Analysis of Sawdust Ratio on Hydraulic Conductivity in Subsurface Mortari Pipe of Drip Irrigation )." Jurnal Ilmiah Rekayasa Pertanian dan Biosistem 6, no. 1 (2018): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jrpb.v6i1.70.

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Mortari emitter of sawdust (SG) can solve problem faced by farmers in dryland on irrigating their land. Aim of this research was to design an emitter by determining its mixture ratio and thickness. This research used experimental method by conducting experiment in laboratory. Observed parameters to determine water discharge were flow velocity, hydraulic conductivity value, coefficient of variation, and coefficient of uniformity. Ratio of cement, sand and sawdust to made sawdust (SG) mortari emitter were varied, i.e. P1 (1:2:2); P2 (2:1:3); P3 (2:4:4); P4 (2:2:2); and P5 (2:3:1). Result showed

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Singh, Gaurav, Debabrata Biswas, and Raghwendra Kumar. "The transition from thermionic to space charge limited emission for needle-like surfaces—A particle-in-cell simulation study." Physics of Plasmas 29, no. 10 (2022): 103303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0109510.

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We perform particle-in-cell simulations of thermionic emission from hemi-ellipsoidal shaped needle emitters. The Schottky corrected Richardson–Dushman equation is used to compute the emitted current from the curved emitter surface. It is shown that the transmitted thermionic current increases with cathode temperature before eventually settling to the enhanced space charge limited (SCL) current. It is further shown that the critical temperature at which transition to the saturation region occurs increases with the height of the emitter, leading to a softening in the transition. This may be attr

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fraas, Lewis M., and Kuanrong Qiu. "Ceramic IR Emitter with Spectral Match to GaSb PV Cells for TPV." MRS Proceedings 1493 (2013): 11–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.1706.

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ABSTRACTA high temperature ceramic selective emitter for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) electric generators is described with a spectral match to GaSb IR cells. While solar cells generate electricity quietly and are lightweight, traditional solar cells are used with sunlight and only generate electricity during the day. Workers at JX Crystals invented the GaSb IR cell as a booster cell to demonstrate a solar cell conversion efficiency of 35%. JX Crystals now makes these IR cells. In TPV, these cells can potentially be used with flame heated ceramic emitters to generate electricity quietly day and ni

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Liu, Jiang, and John J. Hren. "SEM and Field Mmission study of silicon field emitter array." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 50, no. 2 (1992): 1140–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s042482010013033x.

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Arrays of nanometer-scale field emitters have recently become attractive candidates for device applications where high frequency and high current are desirable attributes. High emission current can be obtained from densely packed Spindt-type emitter arrays with very low extraction voltage. Concern with the optimum geometrical shape of each emitter and the fraction of active emitters, makes a combined study of field emission and scanning electron microscopy especially useful.Several geometrical structures, as well as several materials, have been used to fabricate the field emitter arrays. The p

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Li, Xiao Quan. "A Fabrication of the High Emitter-Isolating-Layer for Printed Cold Cathode in Field Emission Display Panel." Advanced Materials Research 459 (January 2012): 567–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.459.567.

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Using black insulation slurry as manufacture material, the high emitter-isolating-layer was fabricated on the cathode plate. The high emitter-isolating-layer which possessed good insulation performance was composed of many parallel emitter-isolation-stripes, which the bottom cathode electrode would be exposed in the center of the emitter-isolation-stripe. The carbon nanotube paste was prepared onto the cathode plate to form the field emitters. And the field emission display panel with high emitter-isolating-layer was demonstrated, which the better field emission property including the large em

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Vukic, Vladimir, and Predrag Osmokrovic. "Impact of forward emitter current gain and geometry of pnp power transistors on radiation tolerance of voltage regulators." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 25, no. 3 (2010): 179–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp1003179v.

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Low-dropout voltage regulators with various geometries and technological realisations of serial pnp power transistors were exposed to ionizing radiation. Although devices with vertical emitters were considered much less susceptible to the influence of radiation on forward emitter current gain than circuits with round emitters, the experiment showed a similar degradation of current gain in both cases. The main reason of high radiation susceptibility of the examined vertical serial pnp transistor is the implementation of an interdigitated emitter, with high perimeter-to-area ratio, causing the g

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Vladimir, Dj. Vukić, and V. Osmokrović Predrag. "Impact of forward emitter current gain and geometry of PNP power transistors on radiation tolerance of voltage regulators." Nuclear Technology & Radiation Protection 25, no. 3 (2010): 179–85. https://doi.org/10.2298/NTRP1003179V.

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Low-dropout voltage regulators with various geometries and technological realisations of serial pnp power transistors were exposed to ionizing radiation. Although devices with vertical emitters were considered much less susceptible to the influence of radiation on forward emitter current gain than circuits with round emitters, the experiment showed a similar degradation of current gain in both cases. The main reason of high radiation susceptibility of the examined vertical serial pnp transistor is the implementation of an interdigitated emitter, with high perimeter-to-area ratio, causing the g

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Lezier, G., P. Koleják, J. F. Lampin, K. Postava, M. Vanwolleghem, and N. Tiercelin. "Fully reversible magnetoelectric voltage controlled THz polarization rotation in magnetostrictive spintronic emitters on PMN-PT." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 15 (2022): 152404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080372.

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THz polarization control upon generation is a crucially missing functionality. THz spintronic emitters based on the inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) allow for this by the strict implicit orthogonality between their magnetization state and the emitted polarization. This control was until now only demonstrated using cumbersome external magnetic field biasing to impose a polarization direction. We present here an efficient voltage control of the polarization state of terahertz spintronic emitters. Using a ferromagnetic spin pumping multilayer exhibiting simultaneously strong uniaxial magnetic anis

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Arai, Fumihito, Pou Liu, Lixin Dong, and Toshio Fukuda. "Field Emission Properties of Individual Carbon Nanotubes in Nanorobotic Manipulation and Electron-Beam-Induced Deposition." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 16, no. 6 (2004): 597–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2004.p0597.

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Field emission properties of individual multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were studied in nanorobotic manipulation and electron-beam-induced deposition (EBID). Nanotube emitters are constructed by picking up and assembling individual nanotubes on a commercially available atomic force microscope (AFM) cantilever or a tungsten probe. The relationship between field emission current and interelectrode distance was obtained by changing the distance between the tip of the nanotube emitter and the counterpart anode, which can be potentially applied as the principle for an approaching sensor to de

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Imastira, Suhardi, A. Munir, A. Azis, and H. Mubarak. "Identification of the potential use of sago midrib (Metroxylon sp.) as drip irrigation emitters for chili plants." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1230, no. 1 (2023): 012151. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1230/1/012151.

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Abstract Drip irrigation is an irrigation system that can save water by releasing a regulated amount of water and nutrients to the roots of plants using emitters. The use of emitters is one of the additional costs in the use of drip irrigation systems. Estimating the potential of fronds as emitters are done by measuring saturated hydraulic conductivity. The method used is falling head to determine the ability of emitter material made from sago fronds to pass water that can be used to meet the water needs of chili plants. The results showed that the average hydraulic conductivity value at the e

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Zhang, Yijie, Tianshun Zhang, Yang Yu, Pan Guo, Lingqiong Kong, and Qingsong Duan. "Factors Influencing Emitter Clogging Caused by Negative Pressure in Potted Yunnan Laterite with Root-Zone Infiltration Irrigation." Transactions of the ASABE 62, no. 4 (2019): 887–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13211.

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Abstract. In this study, an equivalent mechanical model was established for the clogging induced by soil suction under negative pressure during root-zone infiltration irrigation in a crop-free pot, and a state diagram was plotted for the clogging process induced by a single soil suction factor under negative pressure. Three groups of impact factor experiments were conducted using three different emitters: a flow-adjustable emitter with eight horizontal outlets (emitter L), a flow-adjustable emitter with two vertical outlets (emitter Q), and an anti-clogging material wrapped around the outer su

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Nakano, Takeo, Hyuga Taniguchi, Nanako Dei, et al. "Structure optimization of Spindt-type emitter fabricated by triode high power pulsed magnetron sputtering." Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B 40, no. 6 (2022): 063201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1116/6.0002201.

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Spindt-type emitters were fabricated with cavities made of Al/Mo/SiO2 using the triode high power pulsed magnetron sputtering method. We explored the process parameters (gas pressure and voltage of the additional cap electrode) to optimize the sharpness of the emitter shape. We found that the intermediate pressure and voltage were suited to obtain sharp emitters. Further, we elucidated the crucial effect of the cavity dimensions, such as the cavity depth and hole diameter in the cavity ceiling, on the emitter shape. At a cavity depth of 480 nm, the aspect ratio (AR) of the emitter increased mo

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Zhu, Tianfei, Jia Zeng, Feng Wen, and Hongxing Wang. "Determining the Dependence of Single Nitrogen−Vacancy Center Light Extraction in Diamond Nanostructures on Emitter Positions with Finite−Difference Time−Domain Simulations." Nanomaterials 14, no. 1 (2023): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano14010099.

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In this study, we obtained a diamond nanocone structure using the thermal annealing method, which was proposed in our previous work. Using finite–difference time–domain (FDTD) simulations, we demonstrate that the extraction efficiencies of nitrogen–vacancy (NV) center emitters in nanostructures are dependent on the geometries of the nanocone/nanopillar, emitter polarizations and axis depths. Our results show that nanocones and nanopillars have advantages in extraction from emitter dipoles with s− and p−polarizations, respectively. In our simulations, the best results of collection efficiency w

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Li, Peng, Hao Li, Jinshan Li, Xiuqiao Huang, Yang Liu, and Yue Jiang. "Effect of Aeration on Blockage Regularity and Microbial Diversity of Blockage Substance in Drip Irrigation Emitter." Agriculture 12, no. 11 (2022): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12111941.

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Aerated drip irrigation is rendered as a new water-saving irrigation method based on drip irrigation technology, which is endowed with the function of effectively alleviating the problem of rhizosphere hypoxia in crop soil, enhancing the utilization rate of water and fertilizer; as a result, it improves the harvest and quality of crops. However, clogged emitters are important indexes, among others, that pose an influence to the service effect and life duration of drip irrigation systems. At present, the working principle and mechanism of the influence of air feeding on the blockage of drip irr

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Zhang, Peng, Jeongho Park, Steven Fairchild, et al. "Temperature Comparison of Looped and Vertical Carbon Nanotube Fibers during Field Emission." Applied Sciences 8, no. 7 (2018): 1175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8071175.

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Carbon nanotube (CNT) fiber-based emitters have shown great potential to deliver stable, high current beams for various potential applications. Because of joule heating, CNT field emitters are heated to high temperatures during field emission. It is important to improve the thermal management of emitters to increase their reliability and prevent premature failure. This paper compares the field emission characteristics and the temperature distribution of a new configuration of a looped CNT fiber emitter with a traditional single vertical CNT fiber emitter. It is found that the maximum temperatu

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Gil, M., L. Rodríguez-Sinobas, R. Sánchez, and L. Juana. "Evolution of the spherical cavity radius generated around a subsurface drip emitter." Biogeosciences Discussions 7, no. 2 (2010): 1935–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-7-1935-2010.

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Abstract. The emitter discharge in subsurface drip irrigation can be affected by soil properties. A positive pressure develops at the emitter outlet where a spherical cavity is assumed to form. In steady-state conditions, the pressure in the soil relates to soil hydraulic properties, the emitter discharge, and the cavity radius. This pressure in the soil is very sensitive to the cavity radius. In this paper, the development of the cavity around the emitter outlet was measured for various emitter discharges in laboratory tests carried out in containers with uniform loamy soils. A trend between

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Gil, M., L. Rodríguez-Sinobas, R. Sánchez, and L. Juana. "Evolution of the spherical cavity radius generated around a subsurface drip emitter." Biogeosciences 7, no. 6 (2010): 1983–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-7-1983-2010.

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Abstract. The emitter discharge in subsurface drip irrigation can be affected by soil properties. A positive pressure develops at the emitter outlet where a spherical cavity is assumed to form. In steady-state conditions, the pressure in the soil relates to soil hydraulic properties, the emitter discharge, and the cavity radius. This pressure in the soil is very sensitive to the cavity radius. In this paper, the development of the cavity around the emitter outlet was measured for various emitter discharges in laboratory tests carried out in containers with uniform loamy soils. A trend between

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Radi, Haider Mohsen, and Ali Hamdhi Dheyab. "Improving the Regularity of water Distribution of the Double-pipe Irrigation system and its impact on soil and Plant properties." Kufa Journal for Agricultural Sciences 17, no. 1 (2025): 107–22. https://doi.org/10.36077/kjas/2025/v17i1.12271.

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A field experiment was conducted for the autumn agricultural season 2022 at the Agricultural Research Station - University of Basra - Karma Ali site Located between -30 500 latitude and -47 740, to study the effect of the experiment factors, which are the distance factor between the emitter holder with distances of 0-15-30 centimeters using double pipes, and the distance factor between the emitters by three coefficients 20-25-30 centimeters, between the emitters and the emitter discharge factor with two coefficients of 5-8 liters per hour-1. In the values of moisture content and electrical con

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Cai, Yaohui, Xiao Zhao, Pute Wu, Lin Zhang, Delan Zhu, and Junying Chen. "Effect of Soil Texture on Water Movement of Porous Ceramic Emitters: A Simulation Study." Water 11, no. 1 (2018): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11010022.

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Choosing reasonable design parameters for ceramic emitters used in subsurface irrigation is important for reducing the deep percolation of water and improving the water use efficiency. Laboratory experiments and numerical simulations with the HYDRUS-2D software were carried out to analyze the effect of soil texture on the infiltration characteristics of porous ceramic emitters used for subsurface irrigation. HYDRUS-2D predictions of emitter discharge in soil and wetting front are in agreement with experimental results, and the HYDRUS-2D model can be used to accurately simulate soil water movem

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Germershausen, Sven, Lars Bartholomäus, Ulf Seidel, et al. "Investigation of Emitter Homogeneity on Laser Doped Emitters." Energy Procedia 8 (2011): 232–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.06.129.

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NISHINO, HITOSHI, SHINYA YOSHIDA, AKIRA KOJIMA, et al. "Fabrication of Pierce‐Type Nanocrystalline Si Electron‐Emitter Array for Massively Parallel Electron Beam Lithography." Electronics and Communications in Japan 99, no. 5 (2016): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ecj.11804.

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SUMMARYThis paper reports on the development of a fundamental process for a Pierce‐type nanocrystalline Si (nc‐Si) electron emitter array for massively parallel electron beam (EB) lithography based on active‐matrix operation using a large‐scale integrated circuit (LSI). The emitter array consists of 100 × 100 hemispherical emitters formed by isotropic wet etching of Si. EB resist patterning was demonstrated by 1:1 projection exposure using a discrete emitter array at CMOS‐compatible operating voltages. Isolation trenches filled with benzocyclobutene (BCB) were fabricated in the Si substrate fo

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Boo, Hyunpil, Jong-Han Lee, Min Gu Kang, et al. "Effect of High-Temperature Annealing on Ion-Implanted Silicon Solar Cells." International Journal of Photoenergy 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/921908.

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P-type and n-type wafers were implanted with phosphorus and boron, respectively, for emitter formation and were annealed subsequently at 950∼1050∘Cfor 30∼90 min for activation. Boron emitters were activated at1000∘Cor higher, while phosphorus emitters were activated at950∘C. QSSPC measurements show that the impliedVocof boron emitters increases about 15 mV and theJ01decreases by deep junction annealing even after the activation due to the reduced recombination in the emitter. However, for phosphorus emitters the impliedVocdecreases from 622 mV to 560 mV and theJ01increases with deep junction a

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S Rana, SC Nayak, AP Sahu, and SD Sharma. "Earthen Emitters - A New Concept for Micro-irrigation." Journal of Agricultural Engineering (India) 38, no. 4 (2001): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52151/jae2001384.0982.

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Experiments on hydraulics of four types of on-line earthen emitters of 10 cm length and 2 cm outside diameter, prepared by using sand, local clay and saw dust in different proportions; were conducted. The discharges of different types of earthen emitters placed above the soil surface i.e. in open air and of those placed in the soil and top flushed with the soil surface were determined under different heads. The wetting front advance at 30 min intervals for all types of earthen emitters were prepared. At the end of 150 min of each emitter testing, wetted soil samples were collected for moisture

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Gao, Xu, Jing Zhou, and Xiao Du. "Experimental Research on and Optimization of Plasma Emitter Sources." Sensors 25, no. 6 (2025): 1715. https://doi.org/10.3390/s25061715.

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Traditional emitters used for downhole acoustic detection have limited radiation frequency and energy, making it difficult to transmit high-precision acoustic signals over long distances. This paper presents a plasma emitter in which high-pressure discharge generates a powerful spherical impulse wave with a wide frequency range. First, the discharge characteristics of the plasma needle-plate emitter are analyzed using high-voltage discharge experiments and discharge simulation models for underwater emitters. Subsequently, advanced modifications are made to the structure of the needle–plate emi

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Zhu, Zhao-Zhao, Zheng Feng, and Jian-Wang Cai. "Field-free spintronic terahertz emitters based on IrMn/Fe/Pt exchage bias heterostructures." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 4 (2022): 048703. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211831.

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Spintronic terahertz (THz) emitter has more advantages such as lower cost, broader spectrum and easier operation than the commercial THz emitters, and thus has become a focus of research towards the next-generation THz source. However, in such a spintronic THz emitter, an external magnetic field is technologically required to align the orientation of the magnetization, which is detrimental for practical applications. Here, a spintronic terahertz emitter based on IrMn/Fe/Pt exchange bias structure is presented. By means of ultrafast spin injection on Fe/Pt interface followed by the spin-to-char

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