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Journal articles on the topic 'The ESK'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

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1

Douville, E. M., D. E. Afar, B. W. Howell, K. Letwin, L. Tannock, Y. Ben-David, T. Pawson, and J. C. Bell. "Multiple cDNAs encoding the esk kinase predict transmembrane and intracellular enzyme isoforms." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (June 1992): 2681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2681.

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A novel protein kinase, the Esk kinase, has been isolated from an embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line by using an expression cloning strategy. Sequence analysis of two independent cDNA clones (2.97 and 2.85 kb) suggested the presence of two Esk isoforms in EC cells. The esk-1 cDNA sequence predicted an 857-amino-acid protein kinase with a putative membrane-spanning domain, while the esk-2 cDNA predicted an 831-amino-acid kinase which lacked this domain. In adult mouse cells, esk mRNA levels were highest in tissues possessing a high proliferation rate or a sizeable stem cell compartment, suggesting that the Esk kinase may play some role in the control of cell proliferation or differentiation. As anticipated from the screening procedure, bacterial expression of the Esk kinase reacted with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies on immunoblots. Furthermore, in in vitro kinase assays, the Esk kinase was shown to phosphorylate both itself and the exogenous substrate myelin basic protein on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, confirming that the Esk kinase is a novel member of the serine/threonine/tyrosine family of protein kinases.

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2

Douville, E. M., D. E. Afar, B. W. Howell, K. Letwin, L. Tannock, Y. Ben-David, T. Pawson, and J. C. Bell. "Multiple cDNAs encoding the esk kinase predict transmembrane and intracellular enzyme isoforms." Molecular and Cellular Biology 12, no. 6 (June 1992): 2681–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.12.6.2681-2689.1992.

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A novel protein kinase, the Esk kinase, has been isolated from an embryonal carcinoma (EC) cell line by using an expression cloning strategy. Sequence analysis of two independent cDNA clones (2.97 and 2.85 kb) suggested the presence of two Esk isoforms in EC cells. The esk-1 cDNA sequence predicted an 857-amino-acid protein kinase with a putative membrane-spanning domain, while the esk-2 cDNA predicted an 831-amino-acid kinase which lacked this domain. In adult mouse cells, esk mRNA levels were highest in tissues possessing a high proliferation rate or a sizeable stem cell compartment, suggesting that the Esk kinase may play some role in the control of cell proliferation or differentiation. As anticipated from the screening procedure, bacterial expression of the Esk kinase reacted with antiphosphotyrosine antibodies on immunoblots. Furthermore, in in vitro kinase assays, the Esk kinase was shown to phosphorylate both itself and the exogenous substrate myelin basic protein on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues, confirming that the Esk kinase is a novel member of the serine/threonine/tyrosine family of protein kinases.

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3

Capuzzi, Enrico, Alice Caldiroli, Martina Capellazzi, Ilaria Tagliabue, Matteo Marcatili, Fabrizia Colmegna, Massimo Clerici, Massimiliano Buoli, and Antonios Dakanalis. "Long-Term Efficacy of Intranasal Esketamine in Treatment-Resistant Major Depression: A Systematic Review." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 17 (August 28, 2021): 9338. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22179338.

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Esketamine (ESK) has been approved as a rapid-acting intranasal treatment for treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Although existing studies have investigated the efficacy of ESK in the 4-week induction phase, our knowledge about long-term ESK efficacy remains poor. The aim of this systematic review was to summarize the available data on long-term ESK efficacy for TRD. A systematic search was performed including articles in English, up to 31 March 2021. The search found 7 relevant studies, involving 1024 adult TRD patients. Continuing treatment with ESK after the 4-week induction phase may be associated with stable efficacy in relapse prevention among TRD patients. Conversely, the long-term antidepressant effectiveness upon discontinuation of ESK might be limited, although data from three studies had a moderate to high risk of bias. Overall, the results on the effectiveness of this compound in the long term are mixed. According to our findings, ESK treatment should be continued following the induction phase to reach a stable efficacy in relapse prevention, while the long-term antidepressant and anti-suicidal effects of ESK after discontinuation are inconsistent. Currently, the level of proof of ESK efficacy in long-term TRD treatment remains low and more RCTs with larger sample sizes and active comparators are needed.

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4

Martini, D., and K. Mursula. "Correcting the geomagnetic IHV index of the Eskdalemuir observatory." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 12 (December 21, 2006): 3411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-3411-2006.

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Abstract. We study here the recently proposed measure of local geomagnetic activity called the IHV (Inter-Hour Variability) index calculated for the Eskdalemuir (ESK) station. It was found earlier that the ESK IHV index depicts an artificial, step-like increase from 1931 to 1932. We show here that this increase is due to the fact that the values of the magnetic field components of the ESK observatory stored at the World Data Center are two-hour running averages of hourly data stored in ESK yearbooks. Two-hour averaging greatly reduces the variability of the data which leads to artificially small values of the IHV index in 1911–1931. We also study the effect of two-hour averaging upon hourly mean and spot values using 1-minute data available for recent years, and calculate the correction factors for the early years, taking into account the weak dependence of correction factors on solar activity. Using these correction factors, we correct the ESK IHV indices in 1912–1931, and revise the estimate of the centennial change based on them. The effect of correction is very significant: the centennial increase in the ESK IHV-raw (IHV-cor) index in 1912–2000 changes from 73.9% (134.4%) before correction to 10.3% (25.3%) thereafter, making the centennial increase at ESK quite similar to other mid-latitude stations. Obviously, earlier long-term studies based on ESK IHV values are affected by the correction and need to be revised. These results also strongly suggest that the ESK yearbook data should be digitized and the hourly ESK data at WDC should be replaced by them.

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5

Lebas, Eve, Pascale Quatresooz, Jorge E. Arrese, and Arjen F. Nikkels. "Eruptive Seborrheic Keratoses Restricted to Plaque/Patch-Stage Mycosis Fungoides." Case Reports in Dermatology 9, no. 2 (June 8, 2017): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000471787.

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Eruptive seborrheic keratoses (ESK) are rare in dermatology. They are usually inflammatory in nature and may be encountered as Leser-Trélat sign. ESK may also be simultaneously observed with hepatic angiomas, chemotherapy, segmental neurofibromatosis, HIV or erythrodermic pityriasis rubra pilaris, psoriasis, and drug eruption. ESK may be transient and self-healing. Others recede after successful treatment of the underlying disease. In some instances, seborrheic keratoses may follow an isotopic response and remain strictly restricted to sites of previous eczema, photo-exposition or tattoos. A patient with patch/plaque lesions of classic-type mycosis fungoides (MF) presented sudden ESK that were exclusively limited to the MF lesions. In conclusion, this patient combined an isotopic response and ESK.

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6

Doan, Stacey N., Helen Y. Lee, and Qi Wang. "Maternal mental state language is associated with trajectories of Chinese immigrant children’s emotion situation knowledge." International Journal of Behavioral Development 43, no. 1 (June 25, 2018): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025418783271.

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We investigated the role of mothers’ references to mental states and behaviors and children’s emotion situation knowledge (ESK) in a prospective, cross-cultural context. European American mothers ( n = 71) and Chinese immigrant mothers ( n = 60) and their children participated in the study. Maternal references to mental states and behaviors were assessed at Time 1 when children were three years of age. ESK was assessed when children were 3, 3.5, and 4.5 years of age. Multi-group latent growth curve analyses were used to model children’s growth in ESK over time, as well as relations between mental state language and references to behaviors on children’s trajectories. Results indicated that maternal references to mental states were associated with concurrent levels of ESK for European American children, and change over time for the Chinese immigrant children. Maternal references to behaviors were negatively associated with concurrent ESK for both groups.

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7

Pankov, Dmitry, Tao Dao, Yiyang Wang, Andrew Scott, Tatyana Korontsvit, Victoria Zakhaleva, Nicholas Veomett, et al. "A Bi-Specific T Cell Engaging Monoclonal Antibody (mAb) Derived From a TCR-Like Mab Specific For WT1/HLA-A0201 (ESK-BiTE) Shows a Potent Activity Against Human AML and Ph+ ALL In Mouse Models." Blood 122, no. 21 (November 15, 2013): 2521. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v122.21.2521.2521.

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Abstract The Wilms’ tumor oncogene protein (WT1) is an intracellular, oncogenic transcription factor that is over-expressed in a wide range of leukemias and solid cancers. RMFPNAPYL (RMF), a WT1-derived CD8 T cell HLA-A0201epitope, is a validated target for T cell-based immunotherapy. We generated a high affinity, fully human IgG1 mAb specific for the RMF/HLA-A0201 complex. The mAb shows potent anti-leukemia activity both in vitro and in vivo in mouse models. Bi-specific T cell engaging antibodies (BiTE) have been used effectively to target cell surface proteins and kill cancers. We have developed a new, potent form of the ESK mAb that is a bi-specific T cell engaging antibody (BiTE) specific for tumor cells coexpressing the intracellular oncoprotein, WT-1 and HLA A0201. ESK-BiTE and an irrelevant control BiTE were constructed with ESK1 scFv or irrelevant ScFv on one arm, and anti-CD3 ScFv fragment as the other arm. The BiTE constructs were expressed in CHO cells. Both the ESK-BiTE and the control BiTE bind human CD3 T cells. The ESK-BiTE selectively bind to leukemia cells that express both WT1 and HLA-A0201. The ESK-BiTE activated human resting T cells and EBV-specific T cells retargeting potent cytotoxicity against WT-1+ HLA A0201+ human leukemia cells in vitro. In an NSG mouse xenograft model, injection of ESK-BiTE (20 ug/ml) twice a week, following I.V. administration of 2x107 human EBV-specific T cells, once a week, significantly inhibited the growth of a previously established disseminated HLA A0201+, WT-1+ human Ph+ ALL, BV173 expressing luciferase, as measured by bioluminescence imaging. In a second NSG mouse model mice injected I.V. with an aggressive human AML, SET-2, on day 0, were treated on day 4 with ESK-Bite for 6 days consecutively at 20 ug/day together with EBV-specific T cells given twice a week. In this setting, the ESK-BiTE and T cells resulted in undetectable leukemic growth for 14 days post-leukemia inoculation, with a minimal tumor burden detected by day 18, while all control groups showed massive increases in leukemia burden by day 14. Mice bearing SET-2 leukemia, that received ESK-BiTE and T cells also showed longer survival and delayed limb paralysis. As expected, the human T cells, which were EBV-specific, did not induce signs of GVHD in mice. Our data provide evidence that ESK-BiTE is a potent and specific therapeutic agent against aggressive human leukemias expressing WT1 and HLA-A0201. This is the first study showing efficacy of a TCR-like BiTE antibody targeting an intracellular tumor antigen expressed at low density. Supported by the Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, NIH R01CA55349 and P01 23766. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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8

HASEGAWA, Tetsuya, and Yoshinori HORIE. "ESK/JES Joint Symposium 2000." Japanese journal of ergonomics 36, no. 3 (2000): 155–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.36.155.

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9

Yuson, Alfred A. "Fishing in the River Esk." Manoa 18, no. 1 (2006): 28–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/man.2006.0053.

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10

De Berardis, Domenico, Carmine Tomasetti, Maurizio Pompili, Gianluca Serafini, Federica Vellante, Michele Fornaro, Alessandro Valchera, et al. "An Update on Glutamatergic System in Suicidal Depression and on the Role of Esketamine." Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry 20, no. 7 (April 23, 2020): 554–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026620666200131100316.

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Background: A research on mood disorder pathophysiology has hypothesized abnormalities in glutamatergic neurotransmission, by suggesting further investigation on glutamatergic N-methyl-Daspartate (NMDA) receptor modulators in treating Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Esketamine (ESK), an NMDA receptor antagonist able to modulate glutamatergic neurotransmission has been recently developed as an intranasal formulation for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and for rapid reduction of depressive symptomatology, including suicidal ideation in MDD patients at imminent risk for suicide. Objective: The present study aims at investigating recent clinical findings on research on the role of the glutamatergic system and ESK in treating suicidal depression in MDD and TRD. Methods: A systematic review was here carried out on PubMed/Medline, Scopus and the database on U.S. N.I.H. Clinical Trials (https://clinicaltrials.gov) and the European Medical Agency (EMA) (https://clinicaltrialsregister.eu) from inception until October 2019. Results: Intravenous infusion of ESK is reported to elicit rapid-acting and sustained antidepressant activity in refractory patients with MDD and TRD. In phase II studies, intranasal ESK demonstrated a rapid onset and a persistent efficacy in patients with TRD as well as in MDD patients at imminent risk for suicide. However, some data discrepancies have emerged in phase III studies. Conclusion: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) granted fast track and Breakthrough Therapy Designation to Janssen Pharmaceuticals®, Inc. for intranasal ESK in 2013 for treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and in 2016 for the treatment of MDD with an imminent risk of suicide. However, further studies should be implemented to investigate the long-term efficacy and safety of intranasal ESK.

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11

Tyfield, David. "The impossibility of finitism: from SSK to ESK?" Erasmus Journal for Philosophy and Economics 1, no. 1 (December 16, 2008): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.23941/ejpe.v1i1.8.

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The dramatic and ongoing changes in the funding of science have stimulated interest in an economics of scientific knowledge (ESK), which would investigate the effects of these changes on the scientific enterprise. Hands (1994) has previously explored the lessons for such an ESK from the existing precedent of the sociology of scientific knowledge (SSK). In particular, he examines the philosophical problems of SSK and those that any ESK in its image would face. This paper explores this argument further by contending that more recent literature in SSK exposes even deeper philosophical problems than those identified by Hands. Meaning finitism has emerged as the philosophical core of SSK. An examination of the profound problems with this position is used to show that an underlying extensionalism is the root of SSK's intractable philosophical difficulties, and to illustrate the entirely different approach of a critical philosophy that is advocated in its place. In this way, the project of an ESK is shown to depend upon a critical philosophy.

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12

Schmitz, R., S. Reder, J. Höchel, and H. Hartmann. "Beziehungen zwischen den Werten des endogenen Serumkreatinins und der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) bei nierengesunden sowie-kranken Hunden und Katzen." Tierärztliche Praxis Ausgabe K: Kleintiere / Heimtiere 36, no. 02 (2008): 111–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1622668.

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Zusammenfassung: Zielstellung: Gleichzeitige Bestimmung des endogenen Serumkreatinins (eSk) und der glomerulären Filtrationsrate (GFR) Hunden und Katzen und retrospektive Untersuchung der diagnostischen Qualität (Sensitivität, Spezifität) des eSk zur Feststellung einer renalen Eubzw. Malfunktion. Material und Methoden: In die Studie gingen 493 Hunde (Alter: 7,0 [3,0–9,0] Jahre) und 278 Katzen (Alter: 10,0 [6,5–12,0] Jahre) aus vier europäischen Ländern ein. Die Hunde/ Katzen gehörten 34/12 verschiedenen Rassen an oder waren Mischlinge. Das veterinärmedizinische Fachpersonal vor Ort führte bei den Tieren einen renalen Funktionstest mit modifizierter Bestimmung der Plasma-Clearance von exogenem Kreatinin zur quantitativen Bestimmung der GFR durch. Das Kreatinin im Serum wurde mittels Jaffé-Methode ermittelt. Die optimalen Grenzwerte für das eSk mit maximaler diagnostischer Sensitivität und Spezifität zur Erkennung einer renalen Eu-/Malfunktion wurden mithilfe der Receiver-OperatingCharacteristic-(ROC-)Analytik bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Von den Hunden erwiesen sich 238 Tiere (48,3%) als nierengesund (GFR ≥ 70% der Norm) und 255 Tiere (51,7%) als unterschiedlich intensiv nierenkrank (GFR < 70% der Norm). Bei den Katzen waren 104 Tiere (37,4%) nierengesund und 174 Tiere (62,6%) nierenkrank. Zur Unterscheidung von nierengesund/-krank ergaben sich für Hunde/Katzen optimale Grenzwerte des eSk von 98/141 μmol/l. Die diagnostische Qualität dieser Grenzwerte war mit der Sensitivität bzw. Spezifität von 77 bzw. 82% (Hunde) und 82 bzw. 73% (Katzen) unzureichend niedrig gegeben. Wiesen die nierenkranken Hunde/Katzen nur noch eine GFR von ≤ 30% der Norm auf, betrugen die optimalen Grenzwerte des eSk 153/274 μmol/l. Ihre diagnostische Qualität war mit der durchschnittlichen Sensitivität bzw. Spezifität von 100 bzw. 89% bei Hunden gut und von 79 bzw. 96% bei Katzen zufrieden stellend gegeben. Klinische Relevanz: Infolge niedriger Werte der diagnostischen Sensitivität bzw. Spezifität eignet sich der eSk-Gehalt bei Hunden und Katzen zur Frühdiagnostik einer renalen Malfunktion nur wenig oder gar nicht. Eine verlässliche Frühdiagnostik erfordert einen renalen Funktionstest mit quantitativer GFR-Bestimmung. Erst nierenkranke Tiere mit einer GFR von nur noch ≤ 30% der Norm können anhand der eSk-Werte diagnostisch gut (Hund) oder zufrieden stellend (Katze) erfasst werden.

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13

Jamieson, Carol, Vanina Popova, Ella Daly, Kimberly Cooper, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Wayne Drevets, and Jaskaran Singh. "119 Assessment of Health-Related Quality of Life and Health Status in Patients with Treatment-resistant Depression." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000371.

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Abstract:Objective:To assess health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and health status of patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD), treated with esketamine nasal spray+oral antidepressant (ESK+AD) vs oral antidepressant+placebo nasal spray (AD+PBO) using European Quality of Life Group-5-Dimension-5-Level (EQ-5D-5L). The EQ-5D-5L descriptive system consists of five domains relevant for patients with depression (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain, anxiety/depression) and the EQ-Visual Analogue Scale (EQ-VAS).Methods:Data from TRANSFORM-2 (NCT02418585), a randomized, double-blind short-term study were analyzed. Patients (18-64 years inclusive) with TRD were included. Patient reported health status change using EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS was measured from baseline to end of 4-week induction phase (endpoint). Each domain of EQ-5D-5L included 5 levels of perceived problems (L1: no problems; L5: extreme problems).Results:Full analysis set included 223 patients (ESK+AD: 114; AD+PBO: 109). At endpoint, mean (SD) change in health status index was 0.288 (0.2317) for ESK+AD group and 0.231 (0.2506) for AD+PBO group with higher score reflecting higher levels of functioning. At endpoint, percentage of patients reporting problems (grouped L2-L5 responses for each dimension) in ESK+AD vs AD+PBO group: mobility (13.5% vs 25.7%), self-care (16.2% vs 30.5%), usual activities (55.0% vs 71.4%), pain (38.7% vs 52.4%), and anxiety/depression (71.2% vs 78.1%). Mean (SD) change in EQ-VAS score at endpoint was 29.1 (26.32) for ESK+AD and 20.9 (26.60) for AD+PBO group.Conclusion:Greater improvement in HRQoL and health status using EQ-5D-5L and EQ-VAS was observed among patients with TRD treated with ESK+AD vs AD+PBO.Funding Acknowledgements:This study was sponsored by Janssen Research and Development, LLC.

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14

Scott, Duncan. "Technical visit: Black Esk reservoir enlargement." Dams and Reservoirs 23, no. 2 (June 2013): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/dare.13.00022.

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15

Asioli, Fabrizio, and Angelo Fioritti. "Elettroshock (ESK) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 9, no. 2 (June 2000): 99–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00008289.

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RIASSUNTOScopo - Discutere gli dementi etici, deontologici e normativi alia base della regolamentazione nella pratica dell'elettroschock ad un anno dalla emanazione della circolare ministeriale 15.2.1999 in merito. Metodo - Revisione della letteratura e presentazione delle opinioni degli autori. Risultati - Nonostante l'ESK sia la terapia biologica da più tempo praticata in psichiatria, solo negli ultimi 20 anni essa è stata sottoposta al vaglio di studi scientifici controllati con risultati contraddittori che hanno comunque prodotto un progressivo restringimento delle indicazioni cliniche. Sussistono a tutt'oggi ampie variazioni tra paesi diversi ed all'intemo dello stesso paese circa l'estensione dell'utilizzo, le modalità tecniche impiegate, le indicazioni al trattamento. In varie parti del mondo l'ESK sembra essere praticato prevalentemente in grandi strutture asilari o in cliniche private, mentre il suo uso è più ristretto nei servizi che hanno un filosofia territoriale, così come esistono grandi differenze circa il livello di restrittività imposto dai governi o consigliato dalle associazioni professionali; anche l'insegnamento e l'auditing presso gli istituti universitari riconosce ampi gradi di differenza. Infine esistono recenti rapporti da vari paesi, so prattutto in via di sviluppo, che testimoniano un uso corrente per scopi politici o repressivi nelle grandi istituzioni manicomiali. Conclusioni - Gli autori considerano legittimo ed anzi auspicabile che l'insieme di norme e regolamenti alia base dell'attività psichiatrica esercitata nel nostro paese contempli anche disposizioni in materia di ESK. Gli Autori ritengono che la circolare ministeriale 15.2.1999 sia un documento equilibrato e rappresentativo dei valori alia base della politica sanitaria e psichiatrica del nostro paese.

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Jin, Lina, Jiong Yu, Xiaoqian Yuan, and Xusheng Du. "Fish Classification Using DNA Barcode Sequences through Deep Learning Method." Symmetry 13, no. 9 (August 31, 2021): 1599. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13091599.

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Fish is one of the most extensive distributed organisms in the world. Fish taxonomy is an important component of biodiversity and the basis of fishery resources management. The DNA barcode based on a short sequence fragment is a valuable molecular tool for fish classification. However, the high dimensionality of DNA barcode sequences and the limitation of the number of fish species make it difficult to reasonably analyze the DNA sequences and correctly classify fish from different families. In this paper, we propose a novel deep learning method that fuses Elastic Net-Stacked Autoencoder (EN-SAE) with Kernel Density Estimation (KDE), named ESK model. In stage one, the ESK preprocesses original data from DNA barcode sequences. In stage two, EN-SAE is used to learn the deep features and obtain the outgroup score of each fish. In stage three, KDE is used to select a threshold based on the outgroup scores and classify fish from different families. The effectiveness and superiority of ESK have been validated by experiments on three datasets, with the accuracy, recall, F1-Score reaching 97.57%, 97.43%, and 98.96% on average. Those findings confirm that ESK can accurately classify fish from different families based on DNA barcode sequences.

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Floden, Lysbeth, Stacie Hudgens, Carol Jamieson, Vanina Popova, Wayne Drevets, Kimberly Cooper, and Jaskaran Singh. "149 Evaluation of Individual Items on the PHQ-9 and SDS in Patients with Treatment-Resistant Depression Treated with Esketamine Nasal Spray." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 295. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000656.

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Abstract:Introduction:Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a global long-term condition and is the leading cause for disability in most countries. The objective of this study was to evaluate individual items of the PHQ-9 and SDS to show differences by treatment arm over the course of treatment.Methods:The TRANSFORM-2 study (NCT02418585) was a Phase 3 short-term trial that evaluated efficacy and safety of flexible esketamine nasal spray (56 mg or 84 mg) doses in combination with newly initiated oral antidepressant (ESK+AD) vs oral AD + placebo nasal spray (AD+PBO) in patients with treatment resistant depression (TRD). The study population, men and women aged 18-64 years, who met the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Edition 5 diagnostic criteria for single-episode or recurrent MDD, but excluded subjects with suicidal ideation/intent to act within 6 months prior to study. Patient reported outcomes (PROs) were integrated to evaluate the patient perspective of treatment using instruments capturing concepts of importance. The 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) is a PRO instrument to assess self-reported depression symptoms, and the SDS a PRO instrument to assess function and disability. Individual items on each of these instruments represent a symptom or aspect of functioning. Respective items for PHQ-9 and SDS, are summed together to generate a total score: 0-27 for the PHQ-9 and 0-30 for SDS. Each total score reflects a single construct of depression severity for the PHQ-9 and functional disability for SDS. Change from baseline in SDS and PHQ-9 total scores at Day 28 were analyzed using a mixed-effects model using repeated measures based on observed case data. Generalized estimation equations of logistic regression models were used to estimate the likelihood of improvement by ≥ 1 point on the individual items of the PHQ-9 and SDS.Results:Full analysis set included 223 patients (ESK+AD: 114; AD+PBO: 109). Change in SDS total score from baseline to Day 28 numerically favored ESK+AD. The LS mean treatment difference (95% CI) was -4.0 (-6.28; -1.64). Change in PHQ-9 total score from baseline to Day 28 numerically favored treatment with ESK+AD. The LS mean difference (95%CI) was -2.4 (-4.18; -0.69). Most patients experienced improvement on all PHQ-9 items and more patients experienced greater improvement in the ESK+AD treatment arm compared to the AD+PBO arm (odds ratio range 1.367-2.767; favoring ESK+AD). Improvements were seen across all items of the Sheehan Disability Scale (odds ratio range from 1.994 – 3.378; favoring ESK+AD).Conclusions:This study shows that while the magnitude of improvement varied on individual items, ESK+AD treatment leads to greater symptom improvement across the multiple symptoms included in the PHQ-9 and SDS compared to the AD+PBO. This assists interpretation of the total scores generated by these PRO measures since total scores on the two measures was not driven by a single item.Funding Acknowledgements:Study was funded by Janssen Global Services, LLC.

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Aluisio, Leah, Lynn Yieh, Ewa Wajs, Allitia DiBernardo, Andrew Krystal, Wayne Drevets, Yun Wu, et al. "142 Withdrawal Symptom Assessment in an Esketamine Safety Study in Patients with Treatment-resistant Depression." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 290. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852920000589.

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Abstract:Background:SUSTAIN-2 (NCT02497287) was an open-label, phase III trial evaluating the safety of esketamine (ESK) nasal spray plus a newly initiated oral antidepressant (AD) for up to 1 year in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). ESK is a schedule III drug that acts via glutamate receptor modulation. ESK is rapidly cleared from the plasma, and with intermittent dosing there is no accumulation. Thus, no withdrawal syndrome is expected. The current analysis assessed potential withdrawal symptoms in patients who discontinued ESK after long-term, intermittent use. In the absence of a glutamatergic-specific withdrawal scale, the Physicians Withdrawal Checklist1 (PWC-20) was used. The PWC-20 was designed to assess new or worsening benzodiazepine-like discontinuation symptoms after stopping non-SSRI anxiolytics.Methods:ESK nasal spray was administered two times per week during a 4-week induction phase (IND). Responders entered the optimization/maintenance phase (O/M) where ESK nasal spray was dosed either weekly or every two weeks for up to 48 weeks. Patients entered a 4-week follow up period (F/U) after discontinuation from either phase, during which continuation of the AD was recommended. PWC-20 assessments were conducted at the last ESK dosing (endpoint of IND or O/M) and at weeks 1, 2 and 4 of F/U. Symptoms were rated using a 0-3-point scale (Not present = 0, Mild = 1, Moderate = 2, Severe = 3). To account for worsening of underlying depression, subset calculations were performed for depressive symptoms (PWC-DS: loss of appetite; anxiety or nervousness; irritability; dysphoric mood or depression; insomnia; fatigue, lethargy or lack of energy; restlessness or agitation; headaches; muscle aches or stiffness; weakness; difficulty concentrating or remembering; depersonalization-derealization) and withdrawal symptoms (PWC-WS: nausea and/or vomiting; diarrhea; poor coordination; diaphoresis; tremor or tremulousness; dizziness or light-headedness; increased acuity of sound, smell, or touch; paresthesias).Results:Data on 357 patients entering F/U were included in the analysis (91 completed treatment during the IND phase and 141 were treated during O/M). The mean (SD) PWC-20 total scores (range 0-60) at treatment endpoint, Week 1, 2 and 4 were 7.2 (6.8), 7.5(7.0), 7.4 (7.1) and 7.2 (6.9), respectively. At these same assessment times, mean PWC-WS scores (range 0-24) were 0.9 (1.7), 1.0 (1.7), 1.0 (1.8), and 0.9 (1.8). Mean PWC-DS scores (range 0-36) were 6.3 (5.6), 6.5 (5.7), 6.5 (5.8), and 6.3 (5.7), respectively. Complete analysis of data from the entire SUSTAIN-2 dataset will be presented.Conclusions:No indication of drug-specific withdrawal symptoms was seen after stopping up to 1-year of intermittent treatment with ESK nasal spray for TRD.Funding Acknowledgements:Janssen Research and Development

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da Rocha, Roldão, Luca Fabbri, J. M. Hoff da Silva, R. T. Cavalcanti, and J. A. Silva-Neto. "Flag-dipole spinor fields in ESK gravities." Journal of Mathematical Physics 54, no. 10 (October 2013): 102505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4826499.

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International Cooperation Committee. "On the Joint Session of JERS &ESK." Japanese journal of ergonomics 32, no. 6 (1996): 273–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5100/jje.32.273.

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Liddle, R. "The launching of the River Esk bridge, UK." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Bridge Engineering 163, no. 3 (September 2010): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/bren.2010.163.3.137.

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Loydell, David K. "Graptolites from the Deerhope Formation, North Esk Inlier." Scottish Journal of Geology 41, no. 2 (November 2005): 189–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg41020189.

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Nowicki, Stephen T., Dena Minning-Wenz, Kenneth H. Johnston, and Richard Lottenberg. "Characterization of a Novel Streptokinase Produced by Streptococcus equisimilis of Non-Human Origin." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 72, no. 04 (1994): 595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1648921.

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SummaryStreptokinases are proteins with plasminogen activator activity produced by certain hemolytic streptococci. We previously identified equine streptococcal isolates which produced streptokinases (ESKs) that bound both human and equine plasminogen but only readily activated equine plasminogen (14). This property was exploited to purify a representative ESK produced by Streptococcus equisimilis strain 87-542-W. Affinity chromatography with human plasminogen resulted in the isolation of a M~49,000 molecule with two isoforms. This ESK was subsequently compared to well characterized streptokinases (HSKs) that efficiently activate human plasminogen. Differences in streptokinases were identified in the highly conserved amino-terminal amino acid sequence, peptide maps, and antigenic properties, and these differences were supported by DNA hybridization studies. These results indicate that the family of proteins identified as streptokinases has much greater diversity than previously appreciated.

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Shen, Ying, Yi-Ming Li, Jing-Jing Zhou, Zhan Zhou, Ying-Chun Xu, Wen-Bin Zhao, and Shu-Qing Chen. "The Antitumor Activity of TCR-Mimic Antibody-Drug Conjugates (TCRm-ADCs) Targeting the Intracellular Wilms Tumor 1 (WT1) Oncoprotein." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 16 (August 12, 2019): 3912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163912.

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Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) oncoprotein is an intracellular oncogenic transcription factor which is barely expressed in normal adult tissues but over expressed in a variety of leukemias and solid cancers. WT1-derived HLA-A*02:01 T cell epitope, RMFPNAPYL (RMF), is a validated target for T cell-based immunotherapy. We generated two T cell receptor mimic antibody-drug conjugates (TCRm-ADCs), ESK-MMAE, and Q2L-MMAE, against WT1 RMF/HLA-A*02:01 complex with distinct affinities, which mediate specific antitumor activity. Although ESK-MMAE showed higher tumor growth inhibition ratio in vivo, the efficacy of them was not so promising, which might be due to low expression of peptide/HLA targets. Therefore, we explored a bispecific TCRm-ADC that exerted more potent tumor cytotoxicity compared with TCRm-ADCs. Hence, our findings validate the feasibility of the presenting intracellular peptides as the targets of ADCs, which broadens the antigen selection range of antibody-based drugs and provides new strategies for precision medicine in tumor therapy.

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Jamieson, Carol, Nan Li, Ella Daly, Adam Janik, Rosanne Lane, and Jaskaran Singh. "118 Use of Patient Health Questionnaire to Predict Relapses in Patients with Treatment-resistant Depression Treated With Esketamine + Oral Antidepressant." CNS Spectrums 25, no. 2 (April 2020): 276–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285292000036x.

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Abstract:Objective:To assess the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) as a predictor of relapse of depressive symptoms in treatment-resistant depression (TRD).Method:Analysis included maintenance phase data from SUSTAIN-1 (NCT02493868), a randomized, double-blind, active-controlled study in TRD patients that evaluated efficacy of intranasal esketamine (ESK) + oral antidepressant (AD) vs AD + intranasal placebo in delaying relapse of depressive symptoms. A ≥50% reduction in initial symptom score and total score of ≤12 were considered as response and remission, respectively, using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale. PHQ-9 total score (range, 0–27), PHQ-2 total score (0–6), and individual items of the PHQ-9 (0–3) were examined as predictors of relapse. Data were collected every 2 weeks. Association between time-varying PHQ-9 and event of depression relapse was evaluated in Andersen-Gill Cox model.Results:Of 176 stable remitters, 63 had a relapse event (ESK+AD [n=24]; AD+placebo [n=39]). Of 121 stable responders, 50 had a relapse event (ESK+AD [n=16]; AD+placebo [n=34]). Among stable remitters, PHQ-9 total score (HR; 95% CI [1.12; 1.04–1.21]) and PHQ-2 total score (1.58; 1.25–1.99) were associated with relapse risk. PHQ-9 items #1 (loss of pleasure, 2.07; 1.38–3.09), #2 (feeling down, 2.18; 1.51–3.15), #4 (feeling tired, 1.54; 1.13–2.11), and #6 (negative self-view, 2.27; 1.41–3.66) were associated with relapse risk. PHQ-2 total scale yielded the smallest Akaike’s Information Criterion among stable remitters and responders.Conclusion:PHQ-9, PHQ-2 total scores or individual items may be useful for predicting relapse of depressive symptoms among stable TRD patients.Funding Acknowledgements:This study was sponsored by Janssen Research and Development, LLC.

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HUNTER, PHOEBE. "UP RIVER: THE SONG OF THE ESK BY DARREN WOODHEAD." Art Book 17, no. 2 (May 2010): 74–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8357.2010.01105_2.x.

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Gonzalez, R. R., and K. Cena. "Evaluation of vapor permeation through garments during exercise." Journal of Applied Physiology 58, no. 3 (March 1, 1985): 928–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1985.58.3.928.

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Five males [age 28 +/- 8 yr; maximum O2 uptake (VO2max) 50 +/- 6 ml O2 . kg-1 . min-1; body wt 70 +/- 3 kg; DuBois surface area 1.85 +/- 0.02 m2] exercised on a cycle ergometer, placed on a Potter scale, at 31% VO2max for up to 2 h at an ambient temperature (Ta) of 25 degrees C and a dew-point temperature of 15 degrees C. Air movement was varied from still air to 0.4 and 2 m/s. Each subject, in separate runs, wore a track suit (TS ensemble) of 60% polyester-40% cotton (effective clo = 0.5); a Gortex parka (GOR ensemble), covering a sweat shirt and bottom of TS (effective clo = 1.4); or the TS ensemble covered by polyethylene overgarment (POG ensemble). Esophageal, skin temperature (Tsk) at eight sites, and heart rate were continuously recorded. Dew-point sensors recorded temperatures under the garments at ambient and chest (windward site) and midscapular sites. Local skin wettedness (loc w) and ratio of evaporative heat loss (Esk) to maximum evaporative capacity were determined. An observed average effective permeation (Pe, W . m-2 . Torr-1) was calculated as Esk/loc w (Ps,sk - Pw), where w is the average of chest and back loc w and (Ps,sk - Pw) is the gradient of skin saturation vapor pressure at Tsk and Ta. Additionally, the local effective evaporative coefficient was determined for chest and back sites by Esk/(Ps,dpl - Pw). The GOR ensemble produced an almost as high a Pe as the TS ensemble (82–86% of Pe with TS in still air and 0.4- and 2-m/s conditions). Direct dew-point recording offers an easy practical dimension to the study of efficacy of latent heat loss and skin wettedness properties through garments.

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Todd, Christopher D., Kevin D. Friedland, Julian C. MacLean, Bryce D. Whyte, Ian C. Russell, Michael E. Lonergan, and Michael B. Morrissey. "Phenological and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon populations in response to a changing climate." ICES Journal of Marine Science 69, no. 9 (November 1, 2012): 1686–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fss151.

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Abstract Todd, C. D., Friedland, K. D., MacLean, J. C., Whyte, B. D., Russell, I. C., Lonergan, M. E., and Morrissey, M. B. 2012. Phenological and phenotypic changes in Atlantic salmon populations in response to a changing climate. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 69: 1686–1698. Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) of southern European origin migrating to the Norwegian Sea currently encounter anomalously high sea-surface temperatures, and returning adults are of low mean condition factor. For the River North Esk (Scotland), time-series changes in river age-structure of emigrant smolts and returning one- and two-sea-winter (1SW and 2SW) adults are assessed. A comparison of the river age-structure of returning adults (1977–1999) with that of their respective annual emigrant smolt cohorts shows no evidence of river age-related bias in survivorship at sea. Evidence is presented of a possible transgenerational, or maternal, influence (poor somatic condition of spawners) driving reduced quality of emigrant S2 smolts in the North Esk. This effect is concurrent with an influence of freshwater climate as indicated by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). The maternal influence and NAOI variation in the winter immediately prior to smolt migration jointly explain approximately 29 (S2) and 17% (S3), respectively, of the variation in the mean size of smolts over the period 1975–2010. Run-timing of 1SW adult cohorts returning to Scotland shows recent delays. Variation in river flow did influence mean return date for the River Tweed, but adult condition factor, which itself shows temporal trends likely to be associated with ocean climate change, was the primary significant explanatory variable for run-timing in the rivers North Esk and Tweed. Overall, in years of poorer adult condition, 1SW salmon stay at sea longer.

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Veomett, Nicholas, Tao Dao, Dmitry Pankov, Su Yan, Richard J. O'Reilly, Cheng Liu, and David A. Scheinberg. "Native and Fc Enhanced Therapeutic Human Monoclonal Antibodies Targeting the Intracellular WT1 Oncogene Product in Leukemia." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 2599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.2599.2599.

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Abstract Abstract 2599 The Wilms' tumor oncogene protein (WT1) is an intracellular, oncogenic transcription factor that is over-expressed in leukemias and a wide range of cancers. WT1 may be expressed in leukemia stem cells. RMFPNAPYL, “RMF”, a WT1-derived CD8 T cell epitope presented by HLA-A0201, is a validated target for T cell-based immunotherapy, used in multiple clinical trials of vaccines and cellular therapies. Therefore, we hypothesized that a “TCR-like antibody” specific for the WT1 peptide/HLA-A0201 complex might be an effective therapeutic agent. Using phage display technology, we generated 2 lead, high avidity (Kd < 0.2nM), fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAb) specific for the WT1 RMF peptide/HLA-A0201 complex. One version, ESK1, is a native human IgG1. A second version, ESKM, with enhanced antibody dependent human effector cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) function due to altered Fc glycolsylation was also prepared. ESK mAb bind to leukemia lines and other cancer cell lines, as well as primary leukemia cells that are both WT1+ and HLA-A0201+. In vitro, both ESK mAb mediated ADCC against CML cells, at concentrations below 3 ug/ml, but ESKM was about 8–10 fold more potent and could kill targets with far fewer peptide/MHC complexes expressed on the cell surface. At therapeutic doses of ESKM, there was no difference in biodistribution between the 2 mAb in C57BL6 mice or in mice that were transgenic for HLA-A0201. Low doses of ESK (25–100ug twice) effectively treated an established disseminated, ALL or human bcr/abl + lymphoid leukemias in a NSG mouse model (T, B and NK deficient) and prolonged survival. In mice, ESKM was slightly more effective than ESK1. An F(Ab')2 version of the antibody had no anti-tumor effect, indicating that an Fc-mediated mechanism plays the major role in therapy. When combined with a single infusion of human CD34-, CD3-, human NK and monocyte effectors in the NSG mice, therapeutic effects of the mAb were more pronounced and more durable. There was no therapeutic effect of either mAb on WT1 low/A0201 negative disseminated Daudi ALL in mice. There was no observed toxicity in HLA-A0201 transgenic mice at the therapeutic mAb dose and schedule. ESK mAb are potential therapeutic agents for ALL, CML, other leukemias and cancers over-expressing the WT1 oncoprotein. Its expression in early leukemia cells may allow for elimination of the progenitors. The data also provide proof of concept for developing therapeutic mAb targeting important intracellular oncogenic proteins. Disclosures: Yan: Eureka: Employment, Equity Ownership. Liu:Eureka: Employment, Equity Ownership.

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Wood, M. D., and D. Copplestone. "Temporal changes in gamma dose rates in the Esk Estuary, UK." Radioprotection 46, no. 6 (2011): S301—S307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/radiopro/20116795s.

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Bull, Keith R., and Jane R. Hall. "Aluminium in the Rivers Esk and Duddon, Cumbria, and their tributaries." Environmental Pollution Series B, Chemical and Physical 12, no. 3 (January 1986): 165–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0143-148x(86)90008-x.

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Hamilton-Taylor, John, Mike Kelly, John G. Titley, and David R. Turner. "Particle-solution behaviour of plutonium in an estuarine environment, Esk Estuary, UK." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 57, no. 14 (July 1993): 3367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(93)90545-8.

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Bull, Elizabeth E., and David K. Loydell. "Uppermost Telychian graptolites from the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, near Edinburgh." Scottish Journal of Geology 31, no. 2 (November 1995): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg31020163.

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34

Murphy, Glen, and John Firth. "Soil Disturbance Impacts on Early Growth and Management of Radiata Pine Trees in New Zealand." Western Journal of Applied Forestry 19, no. 2 (April 1, 2004): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wjaf/19.2.109.

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Abstract In the mid-1980s, trials were established in Esk and Ngaumu Forests to determine the effect of five graded levels of skid trail usage (i.e., logging-induced soil disturbance) on the growth and early management of the next crop of trees. This article reports results of measurements taken up until the Esk trees were 16 years old and the Ngaumu trees were 14 years old. Soil disturbance influenced both soil penetration resistance and weed competition; soil penetration resistance was greatest on the heavily disturbed areas, and weed competition was greatest on the undisturbed areas. Up until the time when the trees were first precommercially thinned, there was no clear relationship between disturbance levels and tree malformation. Only heavily disturbed areas in the Ngaumu trial showed increased levels of mortality. Fastest height and diameter growth occurred on minor skid trails where a certain amount of soil disturbance had taken place. Trees on completely undisturbed sites grew almost as poorly as those on the most disturbed areas (major skid trails). This difference was still evident in tree volume measurements at mid-rotation; i.e., about 15 years old. Soil disturbance also influenced the early management of the trees. Heavily disturbed areas had fewer trees selected for low pruning and more trees selected for precommercial thinning. West. J. Appl. For. 19(2):109–116.

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Jiao, Zhiyuan, Wei Fan, and Zhenying Xu. "An Improved Dual-Kurtogram-Based T 2 Control Chart for Condition Monitoring and Compound Fault Diagnosis of Rolling Bearings." Shock and Vibration 2021 (January 13, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6649125.

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Condition monitoring and compound fault diagnosis are crucial key points for ensuring the normal operation of rotating machinery. A novel method for condition monitoring and compound fault diagnosis based on the dual-kurtogram algorithm and multivariate statistical process control is established in this study. The core idea of this method is the capability of the dual-kurtogram in extracting subbands. Vibration data under normal conditions are decomposed by the dual-kurtogram into two subbands. Then, the spectral kurtosis (SK) of Subband I and the envelope spectral kurtosis (ESK) of Subband II are formulated to construct a control limit based on kernel density estimation. Similarly, vibration data that need to be monitored are constructed into two subbands by the dual-kurtogram. The SK of Subband I and the ESK of Subband II are calculated to derive T 2 statistics based on the covariance determinant. An alarm will be triggered when the T 2 statistics exceed the control limit and suitable subbands for square envelope analysis are adopted to obtain the characteristic frequency. Simulation and experimental data are used to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. Results confirm that the proposed method can effectively perform condition monitoring and fault diagnosis. Furthermore, comparison studies show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional T 2 control chart, envelope analysis, and empirical mode decomposition.

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Turkmani, A. M. D., and J. D. Parsons. "Empirical prediction of BER in ESK data communication systems subjected to impulsive noise." IEEE Transactions on Communications 37, no. 12 (1989): 1397–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/26.44215.

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DONOVAN, STEPHEN K., FIONA E. FEARNHEAD, EUAN N. K. CLARKSON, and MARK DONOVAN. "Aspects of crinoid palaeontology of the North Esk Inlier, Scotland (Silurian, Llandovery, Telychian)." Palaeontology 54, no. 2 (March 2011): 241–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4983.2010.00982.x.

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Ethington, R. L. "Conodonts from the Margie Limestone in the Highland Border Complex, River North Esk." Scottish Journal of Geology 44, no. 1 (April 2008): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg44010075.

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Davies, K. S., and G. Shaw. "Fixation of 137Cs by soils and sediments in the Esk Estuary, Cumbria, UK." Science of The Total Environment 132, no. 1 (April 1993): 71–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(93)90262-5.

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Willey, E. C. "Esk Trough—Yarraman Block contact, an unconformity: Its nature and implications for regional tectonics." Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 47, no. 1 (February 2000): 139–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-0952.2000.00771.x.

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41

Crane, Mark, Albania Grosso, Paul Whitehouse, and David Forrow. "Risk Characterisation in Direct Toxicity Assessment of The River Esk and The Tees Estuary." Ecotoxicology 13, no. 5 (July 2004): 463–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:ectx.0000035296.35195.ff.

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Mikenda, W., F. Pertlik, P. Povondra, and J. Ulrych. "On zeophyllite from Radej?�n, ?esk� st?edoho?� Mts.: X-ray and IR-investigations." Mineralogy and Petrology 61, no. 1-4 (1997): 199–209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01172484.

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Barker, R. D., and G. Caughley. "Distribution and abundance of kangaroos (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) at the time of European contact: Tasmania." Australian Mammalogy 13, no. 2 (1990): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am90016.

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The Eastern Grey Kangaroo Macropus giganteus originally extended from the River Forth in the northwest to the east coast and south to North West Bay. It occurred on both sides of the Derwent River upstream beyond New Norfolk and into the central highlands along the Ouse and Shannon Rivers to the Great Lake, Lake Echo and Arthur's Lakes. Its highest density was probably in the coastal areas of the northeast and in the Norfolk Plains areas of the Macquarie and South Esk Rivers. Its present range comprises islands within that original range, augmented by a few populations established by translocation.

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Kirkbride, Martin P., Wishart A. Mitchell, and Mhari Barnes. "Reconstruction and regional significance of the coire breac palaeoglacier, glen esk, eastern grampian highlands, scotland." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 97, no. 3 (September 2015): 563–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12096.

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KAWAMURA, Hitoshi, Tatsuo FUJITA, and Tadao IMADA. "Plaque formation and replication of porcine parvovirus in embryonic swine kidney cell line, ESK cells." Japanese Journal of Veterinary Science 50, no. 3 (1988): 803–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms1939.50.803.

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SILBERLING, N. J., K. M. NICHOLS, J. D. BRADSHAW, and C. D. BLOME. "Limestone and chert in tectonic blocks from the Esk Head subterrane, South Island, New Zealand." Geological Society of America Bulletin 100, no. 8 (August 1988): 1213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1988)100<1213:lacitb>2.3.co;2.

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47

Batchelor, R. A., and E. N. K. Clarkson. "Geochemistry of a Silurian metabentonite and associated apatite from the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills." Scottish Journal of Geology 29, no. 2 (November 1993): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/sjg29020123.

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Paton, Lewis W., and Paul A. Tiffin. "Modelling out-of-area admissions." British Journal of Psychiatry 213, no. 4 (June 28, 2018): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2018.119.

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SummaryOut-of-area (OOA) placements occur when patients cannot be admitted to local facilities, which can be extremely stressful for patients and families. Thus, the Department of Health aims to eliminate the need for OOA admissions. Using data from a UK mental health trust we developed a ‘virtual mental health ward’ to evaluate the potential impact of referral rates and length of stay (LOS) on OOA rates. The results indicated OOA rates were equally sensitive to LOS and referral rate. This suggests that investment in community services that reduce both LOS and referral rates are required to meaningfully reduce OOA admission rates.Declaration of interestP.A.T. holds an honorary consultant contract with the Tees, Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust.

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Anderson, Lyall I., and Rachel A. Moore. "Bembicosoma re-examined: a xiphosuran from the Silurian of the North Esk Inlier, Pentland Hills, Scotland." Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh: Earth Sciences 94, no. 3 (September 2003): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300000614.

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ABSTRACTThe Silurian arthropod Bembicosoma pomphicus Laurie, 1899 is re-studied in relation to other Palaeozoic chelicerate taxa. All three known specimens of Bembicosoma originate from the Silurian (late Llandovery) Eurypterid Bed of the Gutterford Burn Flagstones, Reservoir Formation, Pentland Hills, Scotland. Bembicosoma is removed from its previous tentative assignment to Eurypterida and re-assigned to Xiphosura. A morphological reconstruction of this taxon is presented for the first time. This work continues a reappraisal of the systematics of a number of taxa that belong within the synziphosurines, a loose grouping of early Palaeozoic chelicerate arthropods aligned with the Xiphosura (horseshoe crabs), but which have been mistakenly identified as eurypterids in the past. Bembicosoma is significant as it is one of the earliest known synziphosurines.

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Dutta, Ritaban, and Ahsan Morshed. "Performance Evaluation of South Esk Hydrological Sensor Web: Unsupervised Machine Learning and Semantic Linked Data Approach." IEEE Sensors Journal 13, no. 10 (October 2013): 3806–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsen.2013.2264666.

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