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1
Samper, Juan Antonio, Amanda Schockling, and Mine Islar. "Climate Politics in Green Deals: Exposing the Political Frontiers of the European Green Deal." Politics and Governance 9, no. 2 (April 28, 2021): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i2.3853.
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This article investigates the political attempts to frame European climate politics and provides a critical discourse analysis of the European Green Deal. A rapid transition towards low-carbon development across the world has been contested by discourses aiming to acknowledge the inseparability of social and ecological issues. These discussions are fairly new in the European context and in 2019, the European Commission presented its Communication on the European Green Deal—the European Union’s legislative roadmap to carbon neutrality by 2050. Empirical evidence for this article is derived from process tracing and policy analysis of the European Commission’s documents on the European Green Deal in relation to existing Green New Deals. Drawing from a neo-Gramscian perspective we argue that the European Green Deal is an attempt to extend the neoliberal hegemonic formation within European climate politics. This results in the foreclosure of democratic channels for articulating climate politics according to dissenting discourses, thereby avoiding the political contestation inherent to climate politics.
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Pianta, Mario, and Matteo Lucchese. "Rethinking the European Green Deal." Review of Radical Political Economics 52, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 633–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0486613420938207.
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The European Green Deal (EGD), launched by the European Commission in December 2019, is a major policy package addressing climate change and aiming at a “just and inclusive” transition. Several shortcomings can be identified in the EGD: it lacks a vision of a just, post-carbon economy for Europe; available resources are inadequate to reach stated objectives; and implementation tools are limited. We argue that making Europe’s production systems carbon neutral would require a broader range of “green” industrial policies that need to jointly address environmental sustainability, structural change, and fairness of economic outcomes in Europe.
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Wrzaszcz, Wioletta, and Konrad Prandecki. "AGRICULTURE AND THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL." Problems of Agricultural Economics 365, Special Issue 4 (December 22, 2020): 156–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.30858/zer/131841.
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Montanarella, Luca. "Soils and the European Green Deal." Italian Journal of Agronomy 15, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/ija.2020.1761.
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Soils play a central role in achieving sustainable development. The new European Green Deal is addressing all policy areas relevant to sustainable soil management: climate change, biodiversity, agriculture and desertification, including sustainable water management, are necessarily at the core of the European policies. Consistently addressing soil protection across these different policy areas will be the major challenge in front of us in the next years.
Highlights
- Soils play a central role in achieving the goals of the European Green Deal. - Sustainable soil management is a cross-cutting issue relevant to several policy areas addressed by the European Green Deal, such as climate change, biodiversity, agriculture, food safety. - Human health and wellbeing are closely connected with soil health and sustainable soil management.
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Bruyninckx, Hans. "Ruimte voor de European Green Deal." AGORA Magazine 36, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/agora.v36i4.20921.
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Olszewski, Paweł. "Green Deal a Zielona Agenda dla Bałkanów Zachodnich." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 75–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.3.06.
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This article deals with the important topic of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans and its place in the perspective of the so-called Green Deal of the European Union. The author discusses the issue of the green deal and agenda from the perspective of the Union's foreign policy and the process of adaptation of the Balkans in the integration process. The topic of the participation of the Western Balkans in the pro-ecological activities of the European Union is based on a collective document presented in 2019 by the European Union as the Green Deal, setting new directions for the development of EU policy. The countries of the Western Balkans have dealt with this issue extensively in the document entitled "Sofia Declaration for the implementation of the Green Agenda for the Western Balkans". Their activities in this area are related not only to the fulfillment of assumptions regarding environmental protection but also in the context of the potential enlargement of the European Union and the willingness to join the group of Member States. In this regard, the Balkan states perceive the Green Agenda as a broader spectrum of their functioning in united Europe and the possibility of appearing on the European arena by fitting into the pan-European trend. The complexity of these processes is extremely large and covers several aspects, the implementation of which is possible not only with the support of the European Union but above all as part of the development of regional cooperation.
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Fleming, Ruven C., and Romain Mauger. "Green and Just? An Update on the ‘European Green Deal’." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 18, no. 1-2 (February 10, 2021): 164–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-18010010.
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Abstract The article discusses recent developments concerning the most important European energy and climate law initiative at the moment, the ‘European Green Deal’. Details of the initial ‘European Green Deal’ have been discussed elsewhere in this journal. At its core are two components: the green transition of European societies on the one hand and the question how this may be organized in a just way, on the other hand. The article discusses recent developments concerning these ‘green’and ‘just’aspects and concludes with some critical remarks on the ways in which these ‘green’ and ‘just’ aspects of the ‘European Green Deal’ are being implemented into energy and climate law.
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Verschuur, S., and C. Sbrolli. "The European Green Deal and State Aid:." European State Aid Law Quarterly 19, no. 3 (2020): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/estal/2020/3/5.
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Verschuur, S., and C. Sbrolli. "The European Green Deal and State Aid:." European State Aid Law Quarterly 20, no. 1 (2021): 587–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.21552/estal/2021/1/6.
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Leonard, Mark, Jean Pisani-Ferry, Jeremy Shapiro, Simone Tagliapietra, and Guntram Wolf. "The geopolitics of the European Green Deal." International Organisations Research Journal 16, no. 2 (June 30, 2021): 204–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-02-10.
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The European Green Deal is a plan to decarbonise the EU economy by 2050, revolutionise the EU’s energy system, profoundly transform the economy and inspire efforts to combat climate change. But the plan will also have profound geopolitical repercussions. The Green Deal will affect geopolitics through its impact on the EU energy balance and global markets; on oil and gas-producing countries in the EU neighbourhood; on European energy security; and on global trade patterns, notably via the carbon border adjustment mechanism. At least some of these changes are likely to impact partner countries adversely. The EU needs to wake up to the consequences abroad of its domestic decisions. It should prepare to help manage the geopolitical aspects of the European Green Deal. Relationships with important neighbourhood countries such as Russia and Algeria, and with global players including the United States, China and Saudi Arabia, are central to this effort, which can be structured around seven actions: 1) Help neighbouring oil and gas-exporting countries manage the repercussions of the European Green Deal. The EU should engage with these countries to foster their economic diversification, including into renewable energy and green hydrogen that could in the future be exported to Europe; 2) Improve the security of critical raw materials supply and limit dependence, first and foremost on China. Essential measures include greater supply diversification, increased recycling volumes and substitution of critical materials; 3) Work with the US and other partners to establish a ‘climate club’ whose members will apply similar carbon border adjustment measures. All countries, including China, would be welcome to join if they commit to abide by the club's objectives and rules; 4) Become a global standard-setter for the energy transition, particularly in hydrogen and green bonds. Requiring compliance with strict environmental regulations as a condition to access the EU market will be strong encouragement to go green for all countries; 5) Internationalise the European Green Deal by mobilising the EU budget, the EU Recovery and Resilience Fund, and EU development policy; 6) Promote global coalitions for climate change mitigation, for example through a global coalition for the permafrost, which would fund measures to contain the permafrost thaw; 7) Promote a global platform on the new economics of climate action to share lessons learned and best practices.
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Strezhneva, M. "Financial Aspects of the European Green Deal." Analysis and Forecasting. IMEMO Journal, no. 4 (2021): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/afij-2021-4-13-23.
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The climate policy of the European Union became the key priority for the European Commission, headed by Ursula von der Leyen. This article analyses both its internal and external dimensions, while concentrating on the finances of the European Green Deal, the multiyear strategy for the EU socio-economic development. The methods are demonstrated which the EC employs to mobilize public and private capital for the realization of the green transit, including the financial instruments designed to assist businesses when investing in clean energy and industry. The notion of ‘sustainable’ investment is specified that Brussels is guided by when working out its financial decisions. The EU taxonomy, a green classification system that translates the EU's climate and environmental objectives into criteria for specific economic activities for investment purposes, is presented. The research reveals how the market and regulatory powers of the EU are brought to bear in rolling out its controversial Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism. By means of this transnational taxation Brussels hopes to avoid carbon leakage: the situation that allegedly may occur if European carbon-intensive businesses were to transfer production to other jurisdictions with laxer emission constraints. Yet a lack of flexibility in applying the CBAM is causing concern in many countries of the world, including the USA, Brazil, South Africa and China. In EU-Russia relations in particular, it risks increasing political tensions and/or causing trade retaliation due to low levels of mutual trust. Russia developing energy transition plans of her own, her efforts in this respect are now visibly stimulated by the declared EU intention to externalize its regulatory practices. At the same time, Moscow perceives this externalization as an imposition which is most unwelcome and hurts Russia disproportionally. Presumably, the European Union could put more effort in negotiating and developing this latest European initiative with international partners to win new willing ears for it.
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Hodne, Tor Eigil. "The european green deal – a norwegian perspective." European Energy & Climate Journal 9, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/eecj.2020.01.03.
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DYBA, Mykhailo, and Iuliia GERNEGO. "Potential of green deal initiatives financing in Ukraine." Fìnansi Ukraïni 2021, no. 2 (April 2, 2021): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.33763/finukr2021.02.073.
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The essential characteristics of green deal initiatives and its specifics, which determine the potential for implementation and development of relevant initiatives in a modern society are substantiated as the essential background in our article. The peculiarities and classification of priority areas and policies of the European Green Deal are substantiated, as well as the main measures implemented in developed European countries in order to achieve the set goals for balancing the economy. The European Green Deal offers broad prospects for the efficient operation of many areas of the economy, such as improving the efficiency and competitive position of the energy sector. The key financial and environmental priorities of the European Green Deal, as well as the specifics of their manifestations in Ukraine are studied. The main sources of attracting financial resources for the dissemination of green deal practices in European countries are analyzed, based on the investment plan aimed at achieving the priorities of the European green deal. The perspective sources of funding and tools to stimulate the implementation of green deal priorities in Ukraine are identified. Some examples of financial support for green deal initiatives from a wide range of internal and external sources are given. Conclusions are made on the specifics of the use of financial instruments, the potential and prospects for their use in Ukraine. In particular, the attention is paid to the state programs for green deal financing, international and European institutions (including, granting) initiatives, potential of green bonds and green credits.
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Siddi, Marco. "A Green Revolution? A Tentative Assessment of the European Green Deal." International Organisations Research Journal 16, no. 3 (October 1, 2021): 85–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2021-03-04.
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In this article the main aspects of the European Green Deal proposed by the European Commission in December 2019 are analyzed, putting the Green Deal into the broader context of European Union (EU) climate governance in order to assess whether and how it advances the EU’s climate agenda. Four broad and interrelated categories to evaluate the Green Deal are proposed. Its performance depends on whether it is and will remain a policy priority, despite the COVID-19 emergency and the ensuing economic crisis. Second, successful implementation depends on adequate financial endowment, including the shift of public funding from hydrocarbons to renewables and energy efficiency in post-pandemic economic programmes. The legal competence of EU institutions to coordinate and enforce the implementation of the Green Deal is also essential, as highlighted by ongoing discussions concerning governance to achieve zero net emissions by 2050. Furthermore, international cooperation with third partners on issues such as border carbon adjustment, technology transfers, and green industry will influence both the implementation of the Green Deal in the EU and the contribution of other major emitters to the climate agenda. The impact of the European Green Deal on EU-Russia relations is also investigated. In this respect, it is argued that the Green Deal poses a serious challenge to the traditional pattern of EU-Russia energy trade, which has been dominated by fossil fuels. However, the Green Deal also offers new avenues for cooperation and for a more sustainable EU-Russia energy relationship.
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Rosamond, Jeffrey, and Claire Dupont. "The European Council, the Council, and the European Green Deal." Politics and Governance 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 348–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4326.
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We assess the response of the European Council and the Council of the European Union (hereafter the Council) to the emergence and development of the European Green Deal (EGD). First, we conduct a literature review of the historical role of the two intergovernmental institutions in EU climate policy development, drawing inspiration from new intergovernmentalism, historical institutionalism, and discursive institutionalism. Next, we provide an overview of the EGD itself and three of its core elements: (1) the ambition to achieve climate neutrality by 2050; (2) its systemic and integrative nature; and (3) the just transition approach. We then present the results of a qualitative content analysis of all Council and European Council Conclusions from 2018 to 2020. Our findings show that the European Council and the Council have declared support for the EGD and its underlying principles. The European Council engaged with all three elements but mentioned the objective of achieving net-zero emissions by 2050 most frequently and with growing intensity over the years studied. The Council similarly discussed the three elements of the EGD and gave increasing focus to the integrated/systemic transition over the course of the years 2018–2020. Our empirical analysis suggests that, on paper, the Council and the European Council may manage to govern through the organisational turbulence of member state divisions on climate governance. Furthermore, environmental turbulence arising from external contexts (e.g., economic and health crises) did not dampen their declared support towards the goals of the EGD.
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Ossewaarde, Marinus, and Roshnee Ossewaarde-Lowtoo. "The EU’s Green Deal: A Third Alternative to Green Growth and Degrowth?" Sustainability 12, no. 23 (November 24, 2020): 9825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12239825.
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In December 2019, the European Union introduced its Green Deal in which the ecological crisis is prioritized. In doing so, the EU seems to be breaking with its traditional green growth discourse. Does it? In this article, we seek to find out whether and to what extent the EC indeed has such a revolutionary cultural, economic and political agenda in mind with its Green Deal. While the green growth discourse presumes a growth-based economy that must become greener, the degrowth discourse questions the growth model and perceives it as ecologically irresponsible. If the European Green Deal represents a third alternative, then it will somehow succeed in prioritizing ecology without welfare loss. To ascertain to what extent the European Green Deal is that third alternative, three preliminary steps need to be undertaken. The first step consists in a brief exposition of the key features of the traditional green growth discourse, as propounded by the EC and its various allies. Thereafter, the overlaps between the green growth discourse and the European Green Deal are noted. In the third section, the latter’s divergences from that previous model are highlighted. In the final section, the main question of the article is answered. It is also suggested that specific interpretations and implementations of the European Green Deal could possibly turn the original communication into an alternative to both green growth and degrowth.
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Wolf, Sarah, Jonas Teitge, Jahel Mielke, Franziska Schütze, and Carlo Jaeger. "The European Green Deal — More Than Climate Neutrality." Intereconomics 56, no. 2 (March 2021): 99–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10272-021-0963-z.
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AbstractThe European Green Deal aims at climate neutrality for Europe by 2050, implying a significant acceleration of emission reductions. To gain the necessary support, it needs to reduce regional and social inequalities in Europe. We present objectives in terms of jobs, growth and price stability to complement the emission reduction targets and sketch a proof-of-concept investment profile for reaching these goals. Substantial additional annual public investments, of about 1.8% of pre-COVID-19 GDP, are proposed for the next decade. Their allocation includes retrofitting the European building stock, consciously fostering a renewal of the European innovation system as well as complementary measures in the fields of education and health. The scenario outlined in this article is meant as an input to the urgently needed discussion on how the European Green Deal can shift the EU economy to a new development path that realises a carbon-neutral Europe by 2050 while strengthening European cohesion.
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Löschel, Andreas. "European Green Deal und deutsche Energiewende zusammen denken!" Wirtschaftsdienst 100, no. 2 (February 2020): 78–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10273-020-2566-x.
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Auer, Hans, Anthony Patt, Pedro Crespo del Granado, Laura Talens Peiró, and Gabriele Fambri. "Modelling climate neutrality for the European Green Deal." Energy 239 (January 2022): 122249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.122249.
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Dobbs, Mary, Viviane Gravey, and Ludivine Petetin. "Driving the European Green Deal in Turbulent Times." Politics and Governance 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 316–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4321.
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The European Green Deal (EGD) is an ambitious strategy. However, significant events, incidents, and demands, from democratic backsliding in the EU to the Covid-19 pandemic, are causing the ground to shift underfoot. These events go beyond ordinary changes or even individual crises, cumulatively fuelling a “new normal” of turbulence for the EU, encompassing rapid, unpredictable changes. This turbulence can help and hinder policy design and implementation, requiring policy actors to think outside the box and beyond the status quo. This article investigates how the European Commission and other key actors can engage effectively <em>with</em> turbulence to ensure the successful delivery and implementation of the EGD. The first half of the article strengthens and adapts turbulent governance literature (Ansell & Trondal, 2018). It delineates how turbulence differs from crisis; expands the forms of turbulence to include horizontal scalar and policy turbulence, as well as its transversal attribute; and shifts the focus to governing <em>with</em> turbulence rather than against<em> </em>turbulence. The second half undertakes an initial analysis of the EGD in light of turbulence and provides a springboard for further investigations within this thematic issue and beyond. It is apparent that the EGD is both responding and contributing to a varied landscape of turbulence. Policy actors must identify and understand the sources of turbulence—including their transversal nature and the potential for responses to increase turbulence—if they are to effectively govern <em>with</em> turbulence.
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Polko, P. "European Green Deal as a matter of security." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 900, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/900/1/012035.
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Abstract The European Green Deal (EGD) is a set of policy initiatives by the European Union with the overarching and ambitious aim of making Europe climate neutral in 2050. Being world’s first ‘climate-neutral bloc’ and fulfilling other goals extending to many different sectors, including construction, biodiversity, energy, transport, food and others has also an impact on different sectors of security. The implementation of the tasks set out in the EGD requires taking into account the necessity of sustainability in reaching the goals, including not violating sectoral security in the EU Member States. Nexus approach might be useful in the processes of finding and implementation of particular solutions.
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Monti, Alessandro. "Urban Cycling Mobility in the European Green Deal." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 19, no. 1-2 (April 5, 2022): 55–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-19010005.
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Abstract The European Green Deal aims at achieving a 90% reduction in transport emissions by 2050. To this end, it sets forth a Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy, providing a roadmap for the reduction of transport-related emissions. Investments in alternative fuels, electric cars and the renewal of public transport fleets rank high on the agenda. On the contrary, comparatively less attention is devoted to the promotion of cycling mobility, despite the well-demonstrated benefits of increasing the cyclability of urban areas. Such benefits encompass, on one hand, substantial environmental improvements that would arise from the replacement of motorized transport with human-powered forms of mobility, in terms of both ghg emissions reduction and air quality improvement. On the other hand, investing in cycling mobility also has important health and social co-benefits, for instance in terms of prevention of cardiovascular diseases and economic affordability. Against this background, this paper examines whether, and how, the policy framework laid out in the European Green Deal can drive the growth of cycling mobility in European cities. The paper is structured as follows. First, it introduces the concept of cycling mobility, focusing in particular on its environmental and economic benefits. Then, it turns to an analysis of cycling mobility policies in the EU law, with special focus on the European Green Deal. Lastly, it explores how the EU normative framework can be strengthened in order to enhance the promotion of urban cycling mobility.
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Locmelis, Kristaps, Andra Blumberga, Uldis Bariss, Dagnija Blumberga, and Lauma Balode. "Industrial Energy Efficiency Towards Green Deal Transition. Case of Latvia." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0004.
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Abstract Energy efficiency policy has been one of the European Union top priorities for decades and will continue to play a vital role in the next 10 years with the introduction of The Clean energy for all Europeans. Likewise, in Latvia energy efficiency has been given high priority; however, the energy efficiency targets for industry has lacked ambitions. This research focuses on evaluating the Latvian industrial energy efficiency policy using top-down approach and benchmarking energy intensity of Latvian industry to the average of the European Union’s. Results confirm that on average Latvian industry consumes 2.6 times more energy to produce the same amount of value added compared to the average in the European Union; however, every saved energy unit in Latvia would save twice less CO2 emissions considering already largely decarbonized energy mix. In the spotlights of the Green Deal proposed by the European Commission, much higher contribution in terms of CO2 reduction and energy efficiency will be expected from the industry. Nevertheless, energy efficiency targets for Latvian industry should be sector-specific, separately addressing CO2 intensive sectors, and non-intensive CO2 sectors with low added value.
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Dahl, Martin. "The European Green Deal and the social market economy." Sprawy Międzynarodowe 74, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35757/sm.2021.74.3.10.
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The European Green Deal is an attempt to transform the European Union's economy in order to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. This is to counteract undesirable climate change and environmental degradation. In this context, an interesting question is whether the implementation of the European Green Deal is in line with the European Union's model of the Social Market Economy. In order to be able to answer this research question, this study is divided into five parts. The first is an introduction to the analysed issues. The second part presents the basic assumptions of the European Green Deal. The third presents the most important assumptions of the Social Market Economy in the context of climate policy. The fourth part analyses the coherence of the European Green Deal with the model of the Social Market Economy. The study ends with a summary containing the conclusions of the conducted research.
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Eckert, Eva, and Oleksandra Kovalevska. "Sustainability in the European Union: Analyzing the Discourse of the European Green Deal." Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14020080.
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In the European Union, the concern for sustainability has been legitimized by its politically and ecologically motivated discourse disseminated through recent policies of the European Commission and the local as well as international media. In the article, we question the very meaning of sustainability and examine the European Green Deal, the major political document issued by the EC in 2019. The main question pursued in the study is whether expectations verbalized in the Green Deal’s plans, programs, strategies, and developments hold up to the scrutiny of critical discourse analysis. We compare the Green Deal’s treatment of sustainability to how sustainability is presented in environmental and social science scholarship and point out that research, on the one hand, and the politically motivated discourse, on the other, do not correlate and often actually contradict each other. We conclude that sustainability discourse and its keywords, lexicon, and phraseology have become a channel through which political institutions in the EU such as the European Commission sideline crucial environmental issues and endorse their own presence. The Green Deal discourse shapes political and institutional power of the Commission and the EU.
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Dunlap, Alexander, and Louis Laratte. "European Green Deal necropolitics: Exploring ‘green’ energy transition, degrowth & infrastructural colonization." Political Geography 97 (August 2022): 102640. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polgeo.2022.102640.
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Konstantonis, Nikolaos. "European Green Deal and Policies Towards the Green Transition in the EU." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 2, no. 2 (December 29, 2021): 239. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.29511.
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Blake, Robin. "Will the European Green Deal Make Agriculture More Sustainable?" Outlooks on Pest Management 31, no. 5 (October 1, 2020): 198–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1564/v31_oct_01.
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The concept of sustainable agriculture involves meeting society?s current food and material needs without compromising the ability of future generations to do the same, and is a core theme of the green deal. Sustainability is closely linked to resilience, i.e. the capacity of food systems over time to provide sufficient, adequate, and accessible food to all, in the face of various and even unforeseen challenges. Food systems cannot expect to be resilient to challenges such as climate change and COVID-19 if they are not sustainable. Historically, solutions to produce more food sustainably focussed on bringing more land into agriculture, exploiting new or underutilised resources, and adopting new technologies. However, it is now recognised that we need to do more with less, and use what we have wisely and with the best scientific and ecological investments, especially in Europe. Pressures on land use from a growing population to build houses, transport, and infrastructure, as well as protecting habitats for recreation and biodiversity, mean that simply finding more agricultural land is not an option.
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Haines, Andy, and Pauline Scheelbeek. "European Green Deal: a major opportunity for health improvement." Lancet 395, no. 10233 (April 2020): 1327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(20)30109-4.
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Pallitsch, Judith, Stefan Reisinger, and Stefan Mathias Ullreich. "Der European Green Deal – Ein gewaltiger Sprung für Europa." Nachhaltigkeits Recht 1, no. 1 (2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.33196/nr202101011701.
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et al., Skydan. "European green deal: Experience of food safety for Ukraine." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 9, no. 2 (February 2022): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2022.02.007.
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The systematization of European experience in the formation of food safety through research and analysis of European regulations and strategies. The key principles of the European Green Deal on food safety were analyzed, namely the implementation of the principle of sustainability of food systems and policies for adaptation to climate change. The levels of food safety of Ukraine and Poland were compared according to the main components: food availability, access to food, food safety conditions. According to the results of a sociological study, the level of food safety of Ukraine in terms of the introduction of the land market was assessed. A portrait of a landowner was formed, and the presence of a land plot affects the state of food supply. Based on the analysis of the main provisions of the European Green Deal and food safety policy (on the example of Poland), the areas of increasing the level of food safety in Ukraine were identified: completion of land reform and lifting the moratorium on the sale of agricultural land; ensuring the production of value-added products; adaptation to climate change, development, and implementation of a national program for rural development.
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Alex Scott. "European Green Deal called a threat to small firms." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 8 (February 28, 2022): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10008-buscon6.
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Dupont, Claire, and Diarmuid Torney. "European Union Climate Governance and the European Green Deal in Turbulent Times." Politics and Governance 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 312–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4896.
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In December 2019, the European Commission published the European Green Deal (EGD), an overarching policy framework to achieve climate neutrality in Europe by 2050. This thematic issue aims to understand the origins, form, development, and scope of the EGD and its policy areas. It uses the concept of turbulence to explore and assess the emergence of the EGD and the policy and governance choices associated with it. Focusing on different levels of governance, different policy domains, and different stages of policymaking, each contribution raises pertinent questions about the necessity of identifying sources of turbulence and of understanding how to govern with such turbulence, rather than against it. Overall, the articles in this issue demonstrate that, while specifying contextual factors, researching the sources of and responses to turbulence provides useful insights into the development, direction, and potential durability or advancement of EU climate governance.
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Zlaugotne, Beate, Linda Ievina, Reinis Azis, Denis Baranenko, and Dagnija Blumberga. "GHG Performance Evaluation in Green Deal Context." Environmental and Climate Technologies 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 431–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2020-0026.
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AbstractRecently introduced European Green Deal has set a target for Europe to become the first climate-neutral continent by 2050. This ambitious commitment will bring a serious challenge for the EU. However, the degree of this challenge will not be the same to all EU member states. In this paper, the multi-criteria decision analysis is applied to rank eight selected EU countries (Denmark, Estonia, Ireland, Latvia, Lithuania, Slovenia, Finland and Sweden) regarding GHG performance, and thus illustrate different starting points of the transition to carbon-neutrality. In parallel to the widely used indicator of GHG emissions per capita, evaluation incorporates various other criteria covering energy consumption, population size, and the use of renewable energy and fossil fuel, as well as investment and tax rates. TOPSIS analysis shows that the best GHG performance is achieved by Sweden, while Latvia ranks the lowest. The presented evaluation method could be a useful tool in planning implementation of policies to reach Green Deal settings on European, as well as on a national level.
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Niewiadomski, Adam. "Europejski Zielony Ład w świetle wyzwań polskiego prawa rolnego." Studia Iuridica, no. 88 (December 13, 2021): 284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.31338/2544-3135.si.2021-88.15.
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The article presents the basic legal problems related to the implementation and legislation of the European Green Deal in Poland. The assessment was made through the prism of previous experience, including on greening policy, as well as contemporary challenges of agricultural law. Selected elements of the European Green Deal were analyzed and the possibility of their effective implementation in Polish agriculture was assessed. The legislative challenges faced by the Polish legislator in terms of fairly free possibilities of shaping the details of legal instruments enabling climate and environmental protection were also identified.
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Zheliezna, T. A. "EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND NEW OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF RENEWABLE ENERGY." Thermophysics and Thermal Power Engineering 43, no. 1 (March 4, 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31472/ttpe.1.2021.9.
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The aim of the work is to develop recommendations for Ukraine on setting long-term integrated climate and energy goals and identifying ways to achieve them. The preconditions, main goals and objectives of the European Green Deal, which was presented by the European Commission in December 2019, are analyzed. The European Green Deal is a comprehensive strategy for the transition to a sustainable economy, clean energy and climate neutrality, i.e., zero greenhouse gas emissions, in Europe by 2050. The adoption of this Deal was preceded by several stages of a coherent EU policy in the relevant sectors. Possibilities for renewable energy development within the framework of the European Green Deal are considered. It is determined that preference is given to the production of green electricity, mobilization of the potential of offshore renewable energy, production of biogas and biofuels from biomass of agricultural origin, sustainable use of low-carbon and renewable fuels, including biomass and hydrogen, in hard-to-electricity sectors. In Ukraine, the document that is closest by its contents to the European Green Deal is the draft Concept of green energy transition until 2050 presented in January 2020. The draft Concept states the goal of achieving 70% of renewable energy sources in electricity generation by 2050 and the climate-neutral economy of Ukraine by 2070. It is recommended that this document should be finalized and adopted formally as soon as possible.
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Koralova-Nozharova, Petya. "European Green Deal and transport sector development – opportunities or restrictions." SHS Web of Conferences 120 (2021): 04004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/202112004004.
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The study is focused on the possibilities and restrictions for the development of the transport sector of EU member-states with GDP per head significantly lower than the EU average levels, because of the introduction of the European Green Deal. For the purposes of the research, there are used the methods of quantitative and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical analysis. In the publication, it is examined also the status quo of the European transport system in accordance with the provisions of the European Green Deal and the European policies for the development of the transport sector till 2030 and 2050. Special attention is paid to the energy dependence of the transport modes on fossil fuels, as well as the level of digitalization of the transport sector, the obstacles for operation of sustainable multimodal transportation services and the danger of imperfect market structures emergence in the field of transport in the less developed regions in EU.
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Heuser, Dr Irene. "Soil Governance in current European Union Law and in the European Green Deal." Soil Security 6 (March 2022): 100053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soisec.2022.100053.
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Suglobov, Aleksandr, and Oleg Karpovich. "CONSEQUENCES OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE "GREEN DEAL" IN EUROPE." Russian Journal of Management 9, no. 3 (December 11, 2021): 141–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/2409-6024-2021-9-3-141-145.
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The “Green Deal” of the European Union (EU) is a plan for decarbonizing the EU economy by 2050, structural changes in the European energy system, transforming the economy and stimulating efforts to combat climate change. But this new development paradigm will also have profound geopolitical consequences. This initiative will have a significant impact on changing the energy balance of the EU and global markets, on the countries exporting energy resources. European energy security will be exposed to new challenges and threats, which is likely to have a negative impact on the economy of a wide range of states.
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Axarli, Dimitra. "European Green Deal: Slowing Down Multi-Speed Integration with Innovation." HAPSc Policy Briefs Series 2, no. 1 (July 28, 2021): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/hapscpbs.27676.
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Christou, Odysseas. "Energy Security in Turbulent Times Towards the European Green Deal." Politics and Governance 9, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 360–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v9i3.4336.
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This article presents a theoretical approach to energy security. It incorporates the concept of governing through turbulence as both a response to crisis onset and a source of long-term policy adaptation. The article applies this framework to an empirical analysis of the energy and climate policy of the EU through a review of policy documents in the period between 1995 and 2020. The article presents the evolution in the conceptualization of energy security in EU policy from a narrow definition restricted to characteristics of energy supply to an expanded conception that integrates additional elements from associated policy areas. The article argues that the European Green Deal represents the culmination of this process and concludes that the convergence of energy and climate policy objectives reinforces the trend towards the widened conceptual scope of energy security.
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Alexandrov, Alexander, and Ivan Iliev. "THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND THE FORESTS IN THE WORLD." Ecological Engineering and Environment Protection 2021, no. 3/2021 (December 15, 2021): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.32006/eeep.2021.3.6774.
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The Green Pact of the European Union is part of the United Nations' programme of sustainable development to 2030. To implement this pact, it is necessary to transform the European Union's economy with a view to protect and restore endangered and damaged natural ecosystems, sustainably use resources, and improve people's health status. For this purpose, it has been envisaged to stabilize climate by reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases by 55% up to 2030, as compared with their levels of 1990. Changes are necessary in emission trade, land use and forestry. Forests are particularly important for realizing the Green Pact because of their multi-functionality. The following, most general inferences can be made about the world forests intended to perform their resource-providing, environmental and social functions: - The world area of forests has continued diminishing in the recent 10 years by 4.7 million ha per year as an average as the rate of forest loss has been abating due to the expansion of the forests in Asia and Europe. The deforestation for the period from 2015 to 2020 occurred at the rate of 2 million ha per year with a trend as to abatement. - The forests in Africa are the most vulnerable ones, in terms of their area, as their reduction already surpasses that in South America. The deforestation in South America from 2010 to 2020 decreased to the half of that in the period 1990-2000 and 2000-2010. - Sustainable forest management requires contemporary forest-management planning and forestry but, only for half of their total area there are forest-management plans. This planning activity has been carried out almost completely in Europe only, whereas its proportions in terms of forest area are 2/3 – in Asia, 1/2 – in North and Central America, and only 1/3 – in Oceania, 1/4 – in Africa and 1/6 – in South America. Without total forest-management planning, it is impossible to realize the multi-functional, sustainable management of forests. - The proportions of forests for harvesting timber and non-timber products, for preservation of the soil and water, for conservation of the biodiversity, and for social benefits and other purposes, in the particular continents, have not been sufficiently well-founded scientifically, hence. the need for optimizing these in congruity with the human needs determined in consideration with the on-going climate changes and the current socioeconomic factors. - The European Green Deal is, to a certain extent, a continuation of previous polices partly formulated in the last decades of the 20-th century and improved by means of modern philosophy and technology suggesting a new approach to reasonable taking of what is sufficient while harvesting resources.
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Zeben, Josephine. "The European Green Deal: The future of a polycentric Europe?" European Law Journal 26, no. 5-6 (November 2020): 300–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12414.
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Peña-Ramos, José Antonio, Philipp Bagus, and Dmitri Amirov-Belova. "The North Caucasus Region as a Blind Spot in the “European Green Deal”: Energy Supply Security and Energy Superpower Russia." Energies 14, no. 1 (December 22, 2020): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14010017.
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The “European Green Deal” has ambitious aims, such as net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. While the European Union aims to make its energies greener, Russia pursues power-goals based on its status as a geo-energy superpower. A successful “European Green Deal” would have the up-to-now underestimated geopolitical advantage of making the European Union less dependent on Russian hydrocarbons. In this article, we illustrate Russian power-politics and its geopolitical implications by analyzing the illustrative case of the North Caucasus, which has been traditionally a strategic region for Russia. The present article describes and analyses the impact of Russian intervention in the North Caucasian secessionist conflict since 1991 and its importance in terms of natural resources, especially hydrocarbons. The geopolitical power secured by Russia in the North Caucasian conflict has important implications for European Union’s energy supply security and could be regarded as a strong argument in favor of the “European Green Deal”.
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Denona Bogovic, Nada, and Zvonimira Sverko Grdic. "Transitioning to a Green Economy—Possible Effects on the Croatian Economy." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 9342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229342.
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Following the global economic crisis of 2008, the concept of green economy has become a significant field of interest for scientific research as well as for specific development policies in various countries around the world. More recently, the transition towards green economy has been considered a desirable model and alternative approach to development encompassing all elements of sustainable development—economic, ecological and social. By adopting the 2019 European Green Deal, the European Union has explicitly opted for a new pattern of development that involves all European countries transitioning their economies, i.e., achieving economic growth while significantly reducing their negative environmental impact. The aim of this paper was to assess the possible effects of Croatian economy transitioning in accordance with the European Green Deal strategic framework and resources planned for Croatia in the following EU budgeting period (2021–2027). Based on the regression analysis results and two developed investment scenarios for the green transition, the authors have shown the potential positive effects of such a process on the gross domestic product and on total employment. These results were further supported by arguments based on examples for specific sectors and economic activities. The authors conclude that transitioning towards green economy, i.e., implementing specific green economy policies can serve to push sustainable development in the EU while simultaneously contributing to the implementation of the strategic goals of the European Green Deal.
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Krämer, Ludwig. "Planning for Climate and the Environment: the EU Green Deal." Journal for European Environmental & Planning Law 17, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 267–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760104-01703003.
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The green deal, a strategy programme by the European Commission, intends to “green” the EU activities and re-orient policies and laws for the years to come, in areas such as climate and energy, agriculture and fisheries, products and services, and trade and foreign policy, the most important announcement being the adoption of an EU climate law which will ensure EU climate neutrality by 2050. This contribution tries to place the different elements of the green deal strategy into their environmental context and also to assess the probability that the proposed measures will be agreed by the European Parliament and by the Council (the Member States’ governments).
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Perissi, Ilaria, and Aled Jones. "Investigating European Union Decarbonization Strategies: Evaluating the Pathway to Carbon Neutrality by 2050." Sustainability 14, no. 8 (April 14, 2022): 4728. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14084728.
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Despite the rich and extensive documentation provided by European Member States and the European Commission in describing National Energy and Climates Plans and Long-Term Strategy plans, it is still very difficult to evaluate where and how the European Union as a whole has positioned itself on the path to achieving the Green Deal objectives, named the Fit 55% package in 2030 and the achievement of carbon neutrality by 2050. This research aims to fill this gap, proposing a simple but exhaustive semantic scaling methodology that allows, for the first time, a quantitative evaluation of the quality of the National Plans based on European Commission assessments to measure their compliance with the European Green Deal objectives. Results show that Member States have more clearly set the Green Deal targets than the actions to deliver against those targets. Actions, in term of nationals policies and funds administration, are still immature and partially addressed.
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Dazzi, Carmelo. "Importance of soil science in the European Green Deal : Congress inauguration statement." Ecocycles 7, no. 2 (2021): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.19040/ecocycles.v7i2.209.
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This is the Congress inauguration statement of Professor Carmelo Dazzi (President of the European Society for Soil Conservation) to the international conference “Sustainable Management of Cultural Landscapes in the context of the European Green Deal”, held in Santo Stefano di Camastra (Sicily, Italy) jointly organized by the European Society for Soil Conservation and the European Ecocycles Society on November 9-14, 2021.
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García Vaquero, Martín, Antonio Sánchez-Bayón, and José Lominchar. "European Green Deal and Recovery Plan: Green Jobs, Skills and Wellbeing Economics in Spain." Energies 14, no. 14 (July 9, 2021): 4145. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14144145.
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This paper on Political Economic and Labour Economic Policies in the European Green Deal framework analyses the Recovery Plan and Resilience Facility. It pays attention to the effects on the design of new green jobs and the necessary skills to develop this type of new positions generated, with higher labour wellbeing. The paper is focused on the analysis of the green jobs’ opportunity for Europe, at a country level, with a specific analysis made for the Spanish case. A systematisation of the concepts and calculations on the issue is made and analysed (attending the international institutions and forums proposals) to harmonise the recovery plans, apply them beyond the energy sector to other related green activities and align the public and private sector, and other critical stakeholders, in achieving this goal. The following research questions were formulated: (1) what is the estimated number of new green jobs that would be created as a consequence of the implementation of the Recovery Plan in Spain; (2) which new soft skills or re-skilling would be necessary to develop such new green jobs; (3) how much are the new jobs aligned with Wellbeing Economics? The research was conducted by applying a few research methods, i.e., secondary sources, the desk research method and the exploration method, critical and comparative analysis, inductive and deductive reasoning and some mathematical calculations. The research contribution can provide a valuable source of information to coordinate sectoral plans by the policymakers, particularly those responsible for the economy, business, green activities and education.
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Kuci, Arta, and Csaba Fogarassy. "European Green Deal Policy for the Circular Economy : Opportunities and Challenges." Hungarian Agricultural Engineering, no. 39 (2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17676/hae.2021.39.65.
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In December 2019, a European Green Deal was introduced to the EU and its community as a new development strategy by the European Commission (EC). The key goal of the European Green Deal is to reshape the EU into an ethical society with efficient use of resources and a modern-competitive economy. The European Commission targets an absolute reduction of greenhouse gases net emissions by 2050 in all EU. Thus, one of the most important actions in implementing this new growth strategy “EGD” is to coordinate the industry for a circular and clean economy. To reach this goal, EC introduced the most advanced legislation follow-up package that EU's society and businesses can benefit from. This legislation package includes actions and steps with a connecting guideline of principal policies, starting from a very determined goal in eliminating emissions, as well as investments in related innovation and research in order to protect the natural environment of Europe. However, reaching the goal of being the first among other continents to be climate- neutral by 2050 is so far the biggest challenge, as well as the greatest opportunity for Europe. In reality, in order to implement such advanced goals, obstacles need to be addressed as well, in national and international level. Thus, this paper analysis the European Green Deal (EGD) policy, the opportunities provided by EGD, and in particular the challenges faced for reaching the targets of EGD.