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1
Fitzgerald, R. "Striving for quality, comparability and transparency in cross-national social survey measurement : illustrations from the European Social Survey (ESS)." Thesis, City University London, 2015. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/14487/.
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It is well known that even the best conducted surveys often generate significant amounts of error during their design and implementation, best described by the Total Survey Error (TSE) framework. It is also widely accepted that cross-national surveys have the potential to increase that error further. This is because they most often comprise multiple national surveys under some kind of coordinated framework, whilst also having additional sources of error that stem from the cross-cultural nature of that work. Recently great strides have been made in identifying the sources of error that can impact on social surveys and how these are magnified in a cross-national context. This doctorate presents a body of my own published work that has contributed to the field of cross-national research. It has provided tools and approaches that help in the identification and correction of three overarching aspects of non-sampling survey error: specification error; measurement error and non response error. In each of these areas my contribution to the field through work on the cross-national European Social Survey (ESS) will be demonstrated, drawing on peer reviewed journal articles, book chapters, a book and published working papers. This academic contribution has added to knowledge in the field and made a practical contribution by leading to tangible improvements in the methodology of the ESS and other cross-national social surveys.
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Schuck, Bettina, and Nadia Steiber. "Does Intergenerational Educational Mobility Shape the Well-Being of Young Europeans? Evidence from the European Social Survey." Springer, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-017-1753-7.
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Using pooled European Social Survey data (Rounds 4-7, 2008-2014), we investigate
the relationship between intergenerational educational mobility and subjective wellbeing
(SWB) for young Europeans (N = 16,050 individuals aged 25-34 from 18 countries).
Previous research has been struggling with inconclusive results due to the methodological
challenge of disentangling the independent (i.e., "net") effect of social mobility over and
above the effects of social origin and destination. We contribute to this line of research by
contrasting mobility effects estimated in a conventional linear regression framework with net
mobility effects estimated by (non-linear) diagonal mobility models (DMM). We show how
model selection influences estimates of mobility effects and how different specifications lead
to radically different findings. Using DMM, we estimate how intergenerational educational
mobility affects the SWB of young Europeans, differentiating between downward and
upward mobility and different country groups. Our results suggest that status loss/gain across
generations affects young adults' SWB in addition to the level-effect of ending up in a lower/
higher status position only in Continental Europe.
3
Tigova, Olena. "Income-related inequalities in self-raported health across 29 European countries : Findings from the European Social Survey." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för forskning om ojämlikhet i hälsa (CHESS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-104779.
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Background: The degree of health variation among social groups is an important indicator of population health and the efficiency of economic and social systems. Previous studies revealed existence of health inequalities across Europe, however recent studies on the contribution of income to such inequalities are scarce. Aim: To investigate differences in self-reported health between the lowest and the highest income groups across Europe. Method: Data from the European Social Survey for 29 countries were examined. The absolute inequalities were calculated as differences in age-adjusted prevalence of poor self-reported health between the lowest and the highest income quintiles. The relative inequalities were measured by odds ratios for reporting poor health in the lowest income group compared to the highest one. Results: Income-related health inequalities were found in all countries. Larger relative inequalities among men were observed in Greece, Kosovo, Ireland, Israel, Iceland, and Slovenia; among women – in Lithuania, Denmark, Norway, Portugal, Cyprus, and Czech Republic. Conslusions: In Europe, income-related health inequalities persist, however, their degree varies across countries. Gender differences in income-related inequalities were observed within certain countries. For a comprehensive description of health situation in a country assessing both the prevalence of poor health and the inequality level is crucial.
4
Fjær, Erlend Løvø. "Helse og helseulikheter i politiske regimer : En studie basert på European Social Survey." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for sosiologi og statsvitenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-21892.
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Flere studier har undersøkt forbindelsen mellom politisk ideologi og helse. Disse studiene kan kategoriseres som individstudier og kontekststudier. Individstudiene har generelt kommet fram til at de som har en høyreorientert ideologi, i gjennomsnitt har bedre helse sammenliknet med de som har en venstreorientert ideologi. Kontekststudiene har vist at land som styres av mer progressive regimer, i gjennomsnitt har bedre helseforhold sammenliknet med de som styres av mer konservative regimer. Det har blitt argumentert for å inkludere både individnivået og kontekstnivået i samme studie. Hovedformålet med masteroppgaven har vært å undersøke hvordan politisk ideologi påvirker helseforskjeller i og mellom politiske regimer, og hvor stor betydning utdanning har for disse forskjellene. Dataene i denne undersøkelsen er basert på modul 4 og modul 5 av European Social Survey (ESS). Helsevariabelen beskriver folks generelle helsetilstand, og er basert på egenrapportering. Det er benyttet logistisk regresjon, hvor den opprinnelige helsevariabelen har blitt dikotomisert til "veldig god eller god" helse og "mindre enn god" helse. I tillegg er det gjennomført deskriptive analyser som beskriver helseforhold i de enkelte landene og regimene. Utvalget består av 90 125 respondenter i 27 europeiske land, som er 25 år og eldre. Politisk ideologi har på individnivå blitt målt gjennom egenplassering på en venstre/høyreskala, som videre har blitt omkodet til en kategorisk variabel for venstre, sentrum og høyre. På aggregert nivå har politisk ideologi blitt operasjonalisert ved å gruppere de europeiske landene inn i seks politiske regimer med utgangspunkt i dominerende politisk tradisjon de siste tiårene. I tillegg til sosialdemokratisk, kristendemokratisk og liberalt regime omfattes også Sør-Europa, Øst-Europa og tidligere Sovjetrepublikker. Utdanning ble målt gjennom fullført utdanningsnivå, inndelt i de tre kategoriene grunnskole, videregående skole og høyskole/universitet. Helse og helseforskjeller varierte mellom politiske regimer i Europa. Prevalens av dårlig helse var størst i tidligere Sovjetrepublikker og minst i det liberale regimet. De relative helseforskjellene mellom politiske grupperinger var størst blant menn i det sosialdemokratiske regimet, mens disse forskjellene var minst i det liberale regimet. Utdanning hadde ikke nevneverdig betydning for helseforskjellene mellom de politiske grupperingene i de politiske regimene. Helseforskjellene som eksisterer mellom de europeiske landene, kan både forklares på individuelt og kontekstuelt nivå. På et individuelt nivå eksisterer det helseforskjeller mellom politiske grupperinger. Utdanning hadde liten betydning for disse helseforskjellene, og kan ikke regnes som et mål på politisk ideologi. Det indikerer at politisk ideologi har god forklaringskraft som selvstendig variabel. Videre studier bør undersøke hvilke mekanismer som leder fra politisk ideologi til helseatferd.
5
Heitzmann, Karin, Johanna Hofbauer, Stefanie Mackerle-Bixa, and Guido Strunk. "Bürgerschaftliches Engagement und soziale Ungleichheit. Eine Untersuchung auf Basis des European Social Survey." Beirat für gesellschafts-, wirtschafts- und umweltpolitische Alternativen (BEIGEWUM), 2009. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5803/1/Heitzmann_etal_Kurswechsel_2009_1_041%2D49.pdf.
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Garpenby, Filip. "Retirement and Trust : the social potential among older Europeans." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384780.
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Trust is seen as an essential ingredient in a flourishing society. It is a well-researched subject within the political science discourse, but few have looked at how retirement affect trust. This thesis aims to examine the relation between retirement and trust using regression analysis. Two hypotheses are formulated in relation to previous research findings; that trust increases when a person retires, and that this positive effect is expected to be stronger for retirees that engage in civil society. This thesis finds little evidence that supports the first hypothesis. Instead, retirement is negatively associated with trust, and this stands true after controls for other variables (health, education, age, year of birth) and a robustness test. In relation to the second hypothesis, this thesis finds that civic participation is indeed positively related to trust among the retired, although this relationship is rather weak.
7
Steiber, Nadia, and Barbara Haas. "Too much or too little work? Couples' actual and preferred employment patterns and work hours mismatches in Europe." Staatsinstitut für Familienforschung an der Universität Bamberg (ifb), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zff.v30i3.03.
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The most widely cited European data on work hours mismatches at the couple level date back to the 1990s. The general gist of analyses of these data was that "overworked" dual-earner couples frequently preferred work hours reductions, especially those with childcare responsibilities. This study uses more recent data from the European Social Survey (2010-12) to update the available evidence on actual and preferred breadwinner models and on the occurrence and determinants of work hours mismatches among couples in Europe. The focus is on differences between demographic groups and countries in the degree to which cohabiting couples are either underemployed (working fewer hours than desired) or overemployed (working more hours than desired). Our analyses show that about one third of couples are underemployed, while only one in ten report being overemployed. We identify low education and the presence of children below school age as risk factors for underemployment, whereas highly educated women and fathers of teenagers tend to be overemployed. In a comparison of 16 European countries, we find couples in Greece, Ireland, Slovenia, and Spain to be most at risk of experiencing underemployment - in the countries that were most strongly affected by the recession. The effects of children on the experience of hours mismatches are found to vary across Europe - a particularly strong association of children below school age with parental underemployment is observed in Central and Eastern Europe, Finland, and Germany and a particularly weak one in Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, and Sweden.
8
Revilla, Melanie Audrey. "Impact of the mode of data collection on the quality of survey questions in social sciences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94494.
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This dissertation studies the impact of the mode of data collection on the quality of
answers to survey questions, defined as the product of reliability and validity. Using
data from the Netherlands about different topics (media, social and political trust,
satisfaction, political orientation, left-right self-placement, attitudes toward
immigration), it shows that the quality is similar in a computed assisted face-to-face
survey using show cards (the European Social Survey, ESS) and a web survey based on
a probability sample (the LISS panel). This is true both at the level of single items and
composite scores. It suggests that standardised relationships across variables can be
compared across these two modes. On the contrary, telephone interviews lead to some
differences in quality. For complex concepts, measurement equivalence also holds,
meaning that means and unstandardised relationships can be compared across the faceto-
face and web surveys mentioned previously.Esta tesis estudia el impacto que el método de recolección de datos en encuestas tiene sobre la calidad de las respuestas, definida como el producto de la fiabilidad y la validez. Utilizando datos de Holanda sobre temas diversos (utilización de los medios de comunicación, confianza social y política, satisfacción, orientaciones políticas, autoubicación en la escala izquierda-derecha, actitudes hacia la inmigración), se muestra que la calidad es similar en una encuesta cara-a-cara asistida con ordenador y utilizando tarjetas (la Encuesta Social Europea) y una encuesta online basada en una muestra probabilística (el panel LISS). Esto se cumple tanto para los indicadores simples, como para indicadores complejos. Los resultados sugieren que las relaciones estandardizadas entre variables son comparables entre los dos métodos de recolección. Al contrario, las entrevistas telefónicas producen diferencias de calidad. Para conceptos complejos, la equivalencia de las mediciones también está garantizada: las medias y las relaciones no estandarizadas son comparables en las entrevistas cara-a-cara y online.
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Revilla, Melanie. "Impact of the mode of data collection on the quality of survey questions in social sciences." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/94494.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation studies the impact of the mode of data collection on the quality of
answers to survey questions, defined as the product of reliability and validity. Using
data from the Netherlands about different topics (media, social and political trust,
satisfaction, political orientation, left-right self-placement, attitudes toward
immigration), it shows that the quality is similar in a computed assisted face-to-face
survey using show cards (the European Social Survey, ESS) and a web survey based on
a probability sample (the LISS panel). This is true both at the level of single items and
composite scores. It suggests that standardised relationships across variables can be
compared across these two modes. On the contrary, telephone interviews lead to some
differences in quality. For complex concepts, measurement equivalence also holds,
meaning that means and unstandardised relationships can be compared across the faceto-
face and web surveys mentioned previously.Esta tesis estudia el impacto que el método de recolección de datos en encuestas tiene sobre la calidad de las respuestas, definida como el producto de la fiabilidad y la validez. Utilizando datos de Holanda sobre temas diversos (utilización de los medios de comunicación, confianza social y política, satisfacción, orientaciones políticas, autoubicación en la escala izquierda-derecha, actitudes hacia la inmigración), se muestra que la calidad es similar en una encuesta cara-a-cara asistida con ordenador y utilizando tarjetas (la Encuesta Social Europea) y una encuesta online basada en una muestra probabilística (el panel LISS). Esto se cumple tanto para los indicadores simples, como para indicadores complejos. Los resultados sugieren que las relaciones estandardizadas entre variables son comparables entre los dos métodos de recolección. Al contrario, las entrevistas telefónicas producen diferencias de calidad. Para conceptos complejos, la equivalencia de las mediciones también está garantizada: las medias y las relaciones no estandarizadas son comparables en las entrevistas cara-a-cara y online.
10
Pistol, Andreas. "Lyckans land? : En ekonometrisk studie över nationshemvistens påverkan på upplevd lycka." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-127199.
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Does the country people live in affect the probability of them experiencing happiness? Can a country variable in an ordinal regression model be affected when microeconomic and macroeconomic factors are added to the model? The possible outcomes are either that the country variable affects less when the additional predictors are added to the model, or that they stay the same. The micro data is collected from the European Social Survey database, the macro data is collected from the World Bank. The country variable becomes less substantial when additional variables are added to the model. The variable with the most influence over expected happiness apart from the country variable is whether the individual often socializes with friends or not. It’s statistically significant that the supervened variables make the country variable less volatile in some cases.
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Valli, Löfgren Adam, and Philip Svensson. "Säker eller osäker? : En kvantitativ komparativ studie om könsskillnader i osäkra anställningar för unga." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-103724.
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Denna studie ämnar undersöka skillnaden i osäkra anställningar mellan unga kvinnor och män i 14 Europeiska länder dels på landspecifik nivå samt indelat i välfärdsregimer. Underlaget för studien kommer ifrån European Social Survey från åren 2010 och 2012. För analysen har logistisk regressionsanalys tillämpats i statistikprogrammet SPSS. Genom ett uppslag i tidigare forskning och teori om faktorer på både individ- och institutionsnivå formulerades två hypoteser: Att kvinnor i större utsträckning än män innehar osäkra anställningar samt att den största skillnaden skulle gå att urskönja i den konservativa välfärdsregimen. I ett inledande skede vid kontroll för enbart kön tenderade kvinnor i den socialdemokratiska välfärdsregimen att ha en större sannolikhet till en osäker anställning. Detta resultat speglas inte i de två övriga regimgrupperna. Vid kontroller för sociodemografiska variabler, främst sektor, upphör denna tendens och en könsskillnad går inte att påvisa. När kontroller för familjebildning förs in ändras resultatet. Kvinnor i tre länder, varav två i den konservativa välfärdsregimen, har en större sannolikhet till en osäker anställning. Välfärdsregimer tycks inte vara den mest fruktbara metoden för analys i kluster men ger möjlighet till en djupare förståelse för viktiga institutionella faktorer på landspecifik nivå. Generellt har unga kvinnor inte osäkrare anställningar än män i studien men kontroller för fler relevanta variabler är något som skulle kunna fördjupa analysen.
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Oliveira, Vânia Isabel Alves de. "O impacto da satisfação política e proteção social na satisfação com a vida em Portugal e Suécia: um estudo com base no European Social Survey." Master's thesis, Universidade Portucalense, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11328/1070.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicologia na área de Clínica e da Saúde.A satisfação com a vida diz respeito à avaliação subjectiva e individual das condições de vida, estando assim dependente de inúmeros factores (Diener, 2000), entre eles, com o regime político social e respectivas medidas de protecção social (Seidl & Zannon, 2004), que serão alvo de atenção particular no presente estudo. De acordo com Radcliff (2001), a satisfação com a vida está muito relacionada com o tipo de Modelo Político-Social, sobretudo com a capacidade deste prover bem- estar social através de políticas que assegurem níveis condignos de vida, independentemente da participação no mercado de trabalho. Desta forma, o presente trabalho apresenta como principal objectivo estudar a satisfação com a vida, em países com realidades político sociais tão distintas como Portugal e Suécia. Mais concretamente, pretende-se perceber até que ponto a satisfação com a vida, nossa variável dependente, é explicada com a satisfação política, assim como a satisfação e sensação de “protecção social”, transmitida por cada regime político vigente nos países alvo. Assim sendo, todo o trabalho de investigação centrou atenção nestas variáveis, tendo sido construídas três escalas/dimensões, através de itens da base de dados do European Social Survey- 2008, para avaliar a relação e o poder preditivo destas, na variação da “Satisfação com a Vida”. Identifica-se neste estudo, como variável dependente a “Satisfação com a Vida”, que é constituída por dois itens do inquérito, e como variáveis independentes, “variáveis sociodemográficas” (género, idade e habilitações literárias), e duas dimensões, das quais uma é relativa à “Satisfação Política”, constituída por 6 itens que procuram aglomerar numa só dimensão, a confiança e a satisfação relativamente à estrutura politica (políticos, partidos, governos e funcionamento da democracia), e outra, relativa à satisfação com as medidas de “Protecção Social”, constituída por 5 subdimensões (“Responsabilidade_Governo”, “Situação_Atual”, “Benefícios_Sociais”, “Situação_Social” e “Situação_Futura”), que procuram englobar a satisfação com os diferentes serviços e apoios sociais providos pelo Estado, tais como, saúde, educação, pensões e segurança social. Os resultados permitiram verificar que de facto, o tipo de regime político-social, interfere na avaliação da satisfação com a vida, sendo os Suecos os mais satisfeitos com a vida, com o regime político e com as medidas de segurança social do seu país, comparativamente aos Portugueses. Destaca-se ainda que entre todas as variáveis preditoras, aquelas que mostraram ter maior poder preditivo foram, a preocupação com a situação financeira familiar futura, como não vir a ter dinheiro para despesas mensais e cuidados de saúde no sentido negativo; e a satisfação com o estado da economia, com o funcionamento do sistema político e com os serviços serviço de saúde e educação, no sentido positivo.
The satisfaction with life , concerns the individual and subjective living conditions assessment, and are thus dependent on many factors ( Diener, 2010) , between them , what is the target of this study , satisfaction with the political system and its social measures social protection ( Zannon & Seidl , 2004) . According to Radcliff (2001), life satisfaction is strongly related to Model Social Politician, especially the possibilities of providing social welfare through policies that ensure decent standards of living, regardless of participation in the labor market. This study aims: study life satisfaction in countries with different social and political realities Portugal and Sweden. More specifically, we want to know the extent to which life satisfaction, our dependent variable, is explained with satisfaction policy, as well as the feeling of "social protection" transmitted by each political regime. Therefore, all research focused attention on these variables , three scales / dimensions have been established through items from European social survey 2008 , to assess the relationship and predictive power of these , the variation of the " Satisfaction with Life. " In this study the dependent variable is the " Life Satisfaction " , which consists of two items on the survey, and as independent variables , "sociodemographic Variables " ( Gender , age and educational level ) , and two dimensions. One is on the "Satisfaction Policy” consisting of 6 items seeking clustering in one dimension , confidence and satisfaction with the policy ( politicians, political parties , governments and democracy ) structure , and another on the satisfaction measures " Social Protection" , consists of 5 sub-dimensions ( "Government Responsibility ", " Present Situation","Social Benefits", "Social Situation" and "future Situation"), trying to group the satisfaction with the various services and social support provided by the state , such as health, education, pensions and social security . Results indicate that, in fact the model of political and social system hinders the assessment of life satisfaction, the Swedes are more satisfied with life , with the political regime and the measures of social security from their country compared to the Portuguese. Among all predictor variables, those that have been shown to have greater predictive power, is the concern for future family financial situation , as not likely to have money for monthly expenses and health care in the negative direction , and satisfaction with the state of the economy , the functioning of the political system and the services of health and education services in the positive direction.
Orientação: Professor Doutor Gil André da Costa Nata.
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Högström, Fredrik. "Socialt kapital och politiskt deltagande." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-77267.
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Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om betydelsen av socialt kapital skiljer sig åt mellan olika former av politiskt deltagande. Med olika former av deltagande avses dels att rösta, vilket här benämns passivt deltagande, och andra mer aktiva former såsom att demonstrera eller kontakta en politiker. Socialt kapital definieras i termer av nätverk och tillit. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är att tillgång till nätverk bland annat ökar sannolikheten att bli tillfrågad om att delta i aktiviteter, medan tillgång till tillit tycks öka en individs benägenhet att offra av sin egen tid för det gemensammas bästa. Datamaterialet som används är den svenska delen av European Social Survey från 2002. Logistisk regressionsanalys visar att tillgång till formellt nätverk är förknippad med en högre sannolikhet för både aktivt och passivt politiskt deltagande, medan tillgång till informellt nätverk inte är relaterat till politiskt deltagande. Vidare är hög tillit till rättsväsendet förenat med en mindre benägenhet till aktivt deltagande, medan hög tillit till politiker är positivt relaterat till aktivt deltagande. För passivt deltagande är hög tillit till riksdagen förknippad med en större sannolikhet till deltagande. Som uppslag till fortsatt forskning diskuteras bland annat varför nätverk tycks påverka deltagande, och hur tillit kan verka i relation till nätverk. Även vikten av att separera olika delar av det sociala kapitalet och studera vilken effekt var och en av dessa har förs fram.
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Malmkvist, Jonas. "Mäns strävan mot jämställdhet, en fråga om barnets genus? : En kvantitativ studie om hur skandinaviska män påverkas av ett faderskap till döttrar." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78363.
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Syftet med studien är att undersöka huruvida skandinaviska mäns attityd och handling gentemot jämställdhet påverkas vid ett faderskap av döttrar. Studier som tidigare genomförts visar att män med döttrar tenderar att ha större insikt i hur kvinnors position i samhället ser ut. Dock är dessa utförda på utomeuropeiska länder och resultaten visar även på att detta samband är kulturellt betingat. På grund av detta finns en vikt i att undersöka om detta fenomen även finns hos skandinaviska män, då de skandinaviska länderna ses som några av de mest jämställda samhällena i världen. Något som även saknas bortsätt från en av dessa är att studierna inte undersöks hur sambandet mellan individers attityder och faktiska handlingar ser ut. Detta kan ses som en svaghet på grund av att dessa dimensioner inte alltid är kausala. Således är denna studies syfte att undersöka om detta fenomen finns i de skandinaviska nationernas kultur. De frågeställningar som studien besvarar är: Finns det en skillnad i attityden till jämställdhet hos skandinaviska män med döttrar och män utan döttrar? samt Finns det skillnader i hur mycket hemansvar skandinaviska män tar vid faderskap av döttrar och män utan döttrar? För att besvara dessa forskningsfrågor används en kvantitativ metod, detta på grund av att resultatet går då att applicera på skandinaviska män och inte endast respondenterna. Det datamaterial som hypotesprövningarna grundar sig i är European Social Survey. En presentation av varför en individs handling samt attityd inte alltid har ett kausalt samband är inkluderad. Resultaten antyder att detta fenomen är kulturellt betingat då de skandinaviska männen inte påverkas av deras barns genus. Resultatet antyder således att ju mer jämställt land männen lever i ju mindre påverkas de av dess barns genus när det kommer till inställningen till jämställdhet. Resultaten visar även att skandinaviska män tenderar till att återgå till ett mer könsrollsstereotyp handlande i hemmet vid ett faderskap.
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Kuflu, Asmeret. "Attityder till invandring - En kvantitativ studie av attityder till utomeuropeisk invandring i Europa." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-85685.
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Uppsatsen avser undersöka attityder till utomeuropeisk invandring i sex europeiska länder: Sverige, Norge, Danmark, Nederländerna, Frankrike och Storbritannien. Attityder till invandring undersöks utifrån de två begreppen essentialistisk homogenitet och kulturell homogenitet samt syn på invandrare. Även ett komparativt perspektiv tillämpas för att undersöka huruvida det finns skillnader i attityder mellan olika länder. Uppsatsens bakgrundsavsnitt ger en kort genomgång av immigrationshistoria och dagens invandrarstruktur samt ländernas olika förhållningsätt i mottagandet av invandrare. Därefter diskuteras uppsatsen teoretiska bakgrund i kulturforskning och postkolonialism, följt av den tidigare forskningen som genomförts på området attityder till invandring. I metodavsnittet beskrivs datamaterialet som är hämtat från European Social Survey, sedan förklaras de mått som avser att mäta attityder till invandring utifrån essentialistisk- och kulturell homogenitet samt syn på invandrare. Vilket följs av en diskussion om reliabilitet och validitet i uppsatsen och sedan en beskrivning av analysmetoden för denna studie, OLS-regression. Vidare ges en deskriptiv beskrivning av urvalet utifrån de variabler som ingår i analysen, uppdelat efter land. Därefter följer resultat och analys som visar att det förekommer en liten skillnad i attityder mellan länderna. Individer i Nederländerna, Frankrike och Storbritannien uppvisar i genomsnitt en mer negativ attityd till utomeuropeisk invandring än individer i Sverige, Norge och Danmark. Kulturell homogenitet visade sig ha ett positivt samband med attityder till invandring. De som föredrar kulturell homogenitet tenderar att ha en mer negativ attityd till invandring. Även essentialistisk homogenitet samvarierar med attityder till invandring, det vill säga att de som värdesätter essentialistisk homogenitet tenderar att ha en mer negativ attityd till utomeuropeisk invandring. Syn på invandrare har också en positiv effekt på attityder till invandring, det vill säga att de som har en mer negativ uppfattning av invandrare tenderar att ha mer negativa attityder till utomeuropeisk invandring.
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Unver, Ayse Naz. "Civic Engagement and Political Trust of Young People in Sweden in Relation to Their Immigration Backgrounds." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23803.
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Currently, nearly 25% of people living in Sweden have foreign background. With one in every four people having immigration background, the question “how does civic engagement and political trust of people differ depending on their immigration backgrounds?” becomes important. More to the point, how does civic participation and political trust differ amongst young people living in Sweden in relation to their immigration backgrounds?In order to answer these questions, this thesis uses data from the European Social Survey and looks into the political trust and civic engagement behaviors of young people living in Sweden who have different immigration backgrounds by forming three groups; native- Swedes, second-generation immigrant-origin individuals and first-generation immigrants.The analysis is done by using SPSS and performing statistical analysis. Chi-Square and Kruskal-Willis tests were used, as well as descriptive statistics and cross tables. The results show that there is a statistically significant difference for civic participation due to immigration background, but the same cannot be said for political trust.
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Sommerland, Nina, and Sara Merenius. "Sjunkande födelsetal, en fråga om attityder : En undersökning av 26 europeiska länder." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58887.
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Undersökningens syfte är att undersöka huruvida det finns ett samband mellan traditionella könsnormer samt inställningen till det egna landets familjepolitik, och landets totala fertilitetsnivå. Uppsatsen har en kvantitativ ansats med analyser baserade på data från European Social Survey samt Eurostat och undersöker 26 europeiska länder. Den teoretiska bakgrunden belyser hur mönstret i de totala fertilitetsnivåerna har förändrats till de nivåer som uppvisas i Europa idag. Vidare beskrivs hur könsrollsattityder och familjepolicys kan kopplas till födelsetal. Av den teoretiska bakgrunden framkommer vikten av att kunna kombinera barn med förvärvsarbete som en nyckelaspekt. Framförallt ses barnomsorg som något som minskar kvinnors alternativkostnader avsevärt vad gäller att kunna kombinera dessa två. För att göra resultatet överskådligt organiseras resultatet efter välfärdstypologier. Resultatet visar att det finns ett negativt samband mellan traditionella könsrollsattityder och totala fertilitetsnivåer. Detta innebär att det i länder där individer i högre grad anser att kvinnor bär huvudansvar för barn och familj och där män ses som huvudförsörjare, finns en lägre total fertilitetsnivå. Vidare framkommer även ett positivt samband mellan att vara nöjd med familjerelaterade sociala förmåner samt befintlig barnomsorg och totala fertilitetsnivåer. Resultatet tyder således på att länder där individer är nöjda med befintliga sociala förmåner och där individer är nöjda med den tillgängliga barnomsorgen, har en högre total fertilitetsnivå.
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Salihovic, Ademir. "Varför har vi förtroende för Europa Unionen? : Korruptionens påverkan på förtroendet för nationella institutioner och Europa Unionen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-54202.
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Andersson, Anton. "Ger religionen ekonomiskt samförstånd? : En studie av religionens inverkan på skillnader i attityder till ekonomisk jämlikhet mellan samhällsklasser i 28 Europeiska länder." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-54220.
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Wittmann, Sofia. "WOMEN’S AWARENESS OF LEGISLATION ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACROSS THE EUROPEAN UNION: A SECONDARY DATA ANALYSIS OF THE 2012-FRA-VAW SURVEY." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-27127.
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Violence against women (VAW) is the most prevalent human rights violation of our time, rooted in women’s unequal status in society. Aim: The present study investigated women´s awareness of preventative and protective legislation on domestic violence and women´s awareness of campaigns against VAW across the EU. Further, it explored how EU state members´ political efforts to combat VAW might affect women´s awareness. It also examined the correlation between gender equality within EU state members and women´s awareness. In addition, the relationship between socio-demographic factors and women´s awareness was examined, including possible affects correlated with states members’ political efforts. Method: A secondary data analysis was conducted with data drawn from the 2012 FRA-VAW Survey, carried out in all 28 EU member states. Results: Results indicated that women across the EU were more aware of protective legislation than preventative regarding domestic violence, and that almost 1 in 2 women were unaware of recent campaigns against VAW in their country of residence. Results indicated that defined legislation and higher levels of gender equality within EU member states were associated with higher levels of awareness among women. Results further suggested that women with socio-demographic characteristics previously associated with inter-partner violence had particularly low awareness. Conclusion: As political and legal norms are required for VAW to be perceived as a crime, an increased emphasis on clear definitions of VAW is essential. Legal definitions of VAW and awareness of legislation are undervalued key factors in societies’ attempts to fulfil the goal of total eradication of VAW.
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Dahlin, Johanna. "Mer jämställt - bättre hälsa? : En kvantitativ analys av relationen mellan jämställdhet på samhällsnivå och individuell subjektiv hälsa." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-58724.
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Denna studie behandlar relationen mellan jämställdhet på samhällsnivå och individuell subjektiv hälsa genom att korrelera data från 23 europeiska länder. Materialet erhålles ur European Social Survey ed. 4.0 samt Förenta Nationerna. För att utröna i vilken utsträckning individuell hälsa i allmänhet och de olika könen i synnerhet påverkas av samhällets jämställdhetsgrad utförs linjär sannolikhetsregression i SPSS Statistics 18.0. En metod som gör det möjligt att ta hänsyn till andra tänkbara komponenter som kan tänkas påverka relationen där emellan. Med tidigare forskning som stöd formuleras hypotesen att jämställdhet i det omgivande samhället påverkar såväl kvinnors som mäns hälsa positivt. Hypotesen får stöd kontrollerat för faktorer på individnivå. När mått på socialt och materiellt välstånd förs in i analysen försvinner emellertid sambandet, något som delvis kan förklaras av att mer jämställda samhällen också tenderar att präglas av högre nivåer av välfärd. När hänsyn tas till förekomsten av en interaktionseffekt, där ökad jämställdhet påverkar kvinnors och mäns hälsa i olika utsträckning, blir sambandet mellan jämställdhet och hälsa av negativ karaktär. Resultaten tyder på att den negativa effekten på hälsa är större för män än kvinnor vilket kan föras tillbaka på mäns förluster av tidigare samhällsprivilegier parallellt med en fortsatt hälsovådlig livsstil. Att också kvinnors hälsa i viss mån påverkas negativt kan bero på att kvinnor i takt med ökat arbetsdeltagande tar sig an traditionellt maskulina hälsobeteenden samtidigt som de fortfarande har det huvudsakliga ansvaret för hem- och barnomsorg. Samband av detta slag är komplexa, för att vidare utröna på vilka sätt individuell hälsa och jämställdhet mellan könen samverkar fordras mer forskning på området.
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Alriksson, Anton, and Erik Åström. "Attitudes toward immigration : A mapping of the development and analysis in attitudes towards immigration in Europe." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-75454.
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The research on natives’ attitudes regarding immigration has increased during the past decades. The overall findings question the common theory of labor market competition and that native attitudes are affected by personal economic considerations. In the same time an increased concern in the political debate has become immigration. In many countries, there is a growth and progress of political parties with a far-right orientation that disapproves and attempts to prevent immigration. We examine data on attitudes towards immigration from eight rounds of the European social survey (ESS) which covers the years between 2002-2016. We study if the attitudes in Europe towards immigration from poor non-member countries of the European Union have changed during the 21th century and examine if the massive acceleration of refugee applications during the refugee crisis in 2015 has had an impact on the attitudes towards immigration. We estimate different models to examine how different factors are associated with individuals' attitudes towards immigration. Furthermore, we test if the labor market competition model holds for the seventh round of ESS due to limitation in data. We find that natives’ attitudes have not become worse in Europe, and that the refugee crisis in 2015 has not made the attitudes worse. We find that the factors that are associated with individual attitudes towards immigration are to a large degree connected with cultural values and beliefs, and that individuals with more years of schooling are more likely to favor immigration regardless of where the immigrants come from. These findings are consistent with the growing body of empirical findings that considers that cultural values and believes are the main drivers of attitudes towards immigration, and that actual effects of immigration on income and employment are quite small. These findings put the labor market competition premise in forming immigration attitudes into question.
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Karhu, Evelina, and Tea Salomäki. "Härkomstskillnader i tillit till polisen : En kvantitativ studie om skillnader i tillit till polisen i Sverige mellan infödda svenskar, andragenerationens invandrare och invandrare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123235.
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Hög tillit till samhällets institutioner är viktigt för ett välfungerande samhälle, både ekonomiskt och socialt. I Sverige har vi generellt sett hög tillit till samhällets institutioner, men den höga tilliten kan utsättas för en negativ spiral om det finns grupper i samhället med låg tillit. Hög tillit till polisen medför bland annat ett mer effektivt polisarbete. Tidigare forskning visar att människors tillit till polis i Sverige skiljer sig åt beroende på härkomst. Således verkar det vara så att tillitsnivån till polisen ser olika ut beroende på om du tillhör gruppen infödd svensk, invandrare eller andragenerationens invandrare. Syftet med denna studie är att studera vilka härkomstskillnader det finns i Sverige gällande tillit till polis samt vilka faktorer som kan förklara dessa skillnader. Denna studie är en kvantitativ studie som baseras på ett datamaterial med 1497 respondenter från European Social Survey. Den bivariata analysen mellan härkomst och tillit till polisen visar att andragenerationens invandrare har lägre tillit till polisen i jämförelse med infödda svenskar och invandrare har en högre tillit till polisen i jämförelse med infödda svenskar. Baserat på tidigare forskning studerar vi olika faktorers påverkan på härkomstskillnader i tillit till polisen. Resultatet visar att faktorer som socioekonomi, trygghet i närområdet, synen på i vilken omfattning polisen diskriminerar, synen på polisens bemötande i allmänhet och social tillit inte kan förklara härkomstskillnaderna. Det var endast uppfattningen kring polisens arbetssätt som till en viss del kunde förklara skillnaderna i tillit till polisen mellan infödda svenskar och andragenerationens invandrare.
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Domingos, Anabela Mendes Lopes da Mina. "A felicidade auto-percepcionada da população com 65 ou mais anos em Portugal Continental. elementos para uma caracterização sociológica a partir do European Social Survey (2002 e 2014)." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15339.
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Tese de Mestrado em SociologiaA população idosa está em acelerado processo de envelhecimento demográfico e é muitas vezes apontada como frágil e doente, pouco ou nada produtiva o que provocará num futuro próximo alguma debilidade socioeconómica nas sociedades modernas. Estudos anteriores apontam para uma população com baixo grau de felicidade quando comparada com outras mais novas. Nota-se em todo o mundo uma crescente inquietação com a felicidade das populações o que nos levou a querer conhecer melhor esta população em particular. Caracterizamo-la relativamente à felicidade sentida em dois anos distintos, 2002 e 2014 e analisamos como e em que medida variou o seu grau de felicidade em função de um conjunto de indicadores sociodemográficos e a sua relação com a satisfação com a vida, bem-estar e qualidade de vida. Para a realização deste trabalho baseamo-nos nos dados do European Social Survey (ESS), um projecto de investigação do qual Portugal é membro fundador que tem por objectivo estudar as atitudes e valores sociais e políticos dos europeus. A recolha dos dados foi operacionalizada em cinco regiões do país (NUTSII) onde foram aplicados questionários à população residente com idade a partir dos 15 anos. A nossa amostra foi formada a partir da amostra total do ESS de onde retiramos todos os indivíduos com 65 ou mais anos de idade. Concluímos que os idosos que integraram este estudo auto-percepcionaram uma felicidade média moderada. Os inquiridos que fizeram parte do grupo dos mais novos (65/75 anos) sentiram mais felicidade que os mais velhos (≥76 anos), assim como os homens em relação às mulheres. Também se apresentaram como mais felizes os idosos mais escolarizados, os casados ou que viviam acompanhados, os que declaram ter uma saúde geral boa e sem sofrer de limitações físicas, mentais/psicológicas, assim como os que afirmaram ter um rendimento que lhes permitia viver confortavelmente.
The elderly population is in an accelerated demographic aging process and is often referred as fragile and ill, unproductive, which will in the near future cause some socioeconomic weakness in modern societies. Previous studies point to a population with a low degree of happiness when compared to other younger ones. There is a growing concern with the happiness of the populations around the world, which led us to want to know more about this particular population. We characterized it in terms of the happiness experienced in two distinct years, 2002 and 2014, and analyzed how and to what extent its degree of happiness varied according to a set of sociodemographic indicators and its relation with satisfaction with life, well-being and quality of life. To carry out this work we are based on data from the European Social Survey (ESS), a research project of which Portugal is a founding member whose objective is to study the social and political attitudes and values of Europeans. Data collection was carried out in five regions of the country (NUTSII), where questionnaires were applied to the resident population aged 15 and over. Our sample was formed from the total ESS sample from which all individuals 65 years of age or older were removed. We conclude that the elderly in this study self-perceived a moderate average happiness. Respondents in the younger group (65/75) felt more happy than older people (≥76 years), as did men in relation to women. Also the happiest were those who were more educated, married or accompanied, who declared themselves to be in good general health and not suffering from physical, mental / psychological limitations, as well as those who stated that they had an income that allowed them to live comfortably.
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Martins, Daniel Filipe dos Santos. "O impacto do nível de educação na felicidade : análise aplicada a Portugal." Master's thesis, FEUC, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/28519.
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Trabalho de projeto do mestrado em Economia (Economia Financeira), apresentado à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de Coimbra, sob a orientação de Maria Conceição Pereira.O presente trabalho estuda a relação entre a educação e a satisfação com a vida dos indivíduos, para Portugal, utilizando dados do European Social Survey (edições de 2008, 2010 e 2012). O objetivo do estudo é analisar os mecanismos de transmissão da educação para o bem-estar. Com o intuito de testar a presença destes mecanismos, a metodologia utilizada é um modelo de escolha discreta, adicionando às variáveis de controlo (género, idade, estado civil e nível de educação) outras que permitam analisar a presença destes canais de transmissão. As variáveis adicionadas à regressão base serão proxys associadas ao nível de integração social, estatuto profissional, risco de desemprego, nível de rendimento do agregado familiar e saúde. A análise mostra que estas variáveis são canais de transmissão da educação para o bem-estar, pela interpretação da redução dos coeficientes das proxys da educação. Estimando um modelo para avaliar se existem efeitos diretos da educação no bem-estar, observa-se que os efeitos são exclusivamente indiretos.
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VandenBerg, Robert Joseph. "The Effect of Urban Status on Xenophobic Sentiment: A Case Study." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1405792524.
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Weber, Wiebke. "Behind Left and Right. The meaning of left-right orientation in Europe." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/107624.
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The left-right concept is considered to facilitate communication and
orientation in the political world. It has a long tradition in European
politics due to its capacity to absorb different associations over
time. However, this dynamic nature of the concept requires
periodical reassessments in order to assure that a common
conceptualisation endures. This dissertation focuses on reassign
what individual left-right orientation means. Usually, this is
measured by asking people to place themselves on a scale labelled
‘left’ and ‘right’ at its endpoints. The first empirical analysis of this
dissertation shows that this measure is comparable across groups
and countries. Thereafter, the relationship between an individual’s
issue preference and left-right orientation is considered. The second
empirical analysis shows that this relationship is conditioned by the
importance people assign to the respective issues. The final analysis
demonstrates that what explains left-right orientation is contingent
on individual and contextual factors. This implies that in order to
understand left-right orientation, it is not enough to identify what
has an impact on a person’s position but also account for all those
factors that predict variation between individuals. Given this
complexity, my conclusion is that the left-right concept runs the risk
of becoming too complicated to serve as an analytical tool to shed
light on political attitudes and behaviour.El concepte esquerra-dreta és considerat com un factor facilitador de la comunicació en el món polític. Té una llarga tradició’ en la política europea degut a la seva capacitat d’absorbir diferents associacions a través del temps. Tanmateix, aquesta natura dinàmica del concepte requereix revisions periòdiques per assegurar que persisteix una conceptualització comuna. La present tesi es centra en resignar el que significa l’orientació esquerra-dreta. Normalment, es mesura tot demanant als enquestats posicionar-se a ells mateixos en una escala que va de l’esquerra a la dreta. El primer anàlisi empíric de la present tesi mostra que aquesta mesura és comparable entre grups i països. Seguidament, es considera la relació entre les preferències temàtiques dels individus i llur orientació esquerra-dreta. El segon anàlisi empíric mostra que aquesta relació està condicionada per la importància que les persones assignen als temes respectius. L’anàlisi final demostra que el que explica l’orientació esquerra-dreta depèn de factors contextuals i individuals. Això implica que per entendre l’orientació esquerra-dreta no és suficient identificar què té un impacte en la posició d’una persona sinó també una explicació per a tots aquells factors que preveuen la variació entre individus. Donada aquesta complexitat, la meva conclusió és que el concepte esquerra-dreta corre el risc de convertir-se en massa complicat per a servir com a eina analítica per a l’estudi de les actituds i el comportament politics.
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RINIOLO, VERONICA. "I PROCESSI DI INTEGRAZIONE DEI MIGRANTI E GLI INDICATORI DELLE PRATICHE DI CITTADINANZA. IL CASO SVEDESE." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6099.
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La presente ricerca di dottorato si pone tre principali obiettivi: 1) studiare i processi di integrazione dei migranti, intesi nella loro bidirezionalità, multidimensionalità e processualità, con un focus specifico sulle pratiche di cittadinanza; 2) elaborare un set di indicatori al fine di misurare le pratiche di cittadinanza dei migranti nelle società riceventi; 3) identificare, tramite un modello di regressione logistica, la probabilità di essere un cittadino attivo considerando una serie di variabili indipendenti, quali classe di età, genere, background migratorio ecc.
La ricerca è stata condotta mediante l’utilizzo combinato di metodi qualitativi e metodi quantitativi. Nello specifico in Svezia, paese scelto come caso studio, sono state realizzate 23 interviste semi-strutturate ad attori chiave della società, tra i quali rappresentanti istituzionali nazionali (Ministero del Lavoro), regionali e locali, sindacati, ONG, equality body, associazioni di migranti e migranti stessi. Successivamente, anche sulla base delle risultanze di questa fase, è stato elaborato un set di indicatori volto a misurare la partecipazione dei cittadini e, utilizzando tali indicatori, si è proceduto all’analisi secondaria dei dati della European Social Survey Round 6.Citizenship practices are a central issue in migration studies, but not yet adequately reflected in the social sciences. In line with this, the three main objectives of this work may be summarised as follows. The first objective is to offer an analytical definition of citizenship practices capable of encompassing, both analytically and empirically, different forms of participation and at different levels (local, national, international, and transnational). The second is to elaborate a comprehensive set of indicators able to measure the level of migrant participation. Finally, an additional objective is to identify migrant-specific patterns of participation in Europe, with a particular focus on Sweden. The findings of my work are the result of the combined use of both qualitative and quantitative research methods. I conducted 23 semi-structured interviews with key actors of Swedish society (institutional actors, representatives of NGOs and of equality bodies, representatives of migrant associations). In the light of the results of the desk research and interviews, I have constructed a set of 25 indicators aiming at measuring the level of migrant participation, in the political, socio-economic and cultural-religious fields. Thus, using these indicators, I analyse data of the European Social Survey Round 6.
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Rabuza, Florian [Verfasser], and Achim [Akademischer Betreuer] Goerres. "Formale Bildung und Wahlbeteiligung am Anfang des 21. Jahrhunderts in Europa : eine vergleichende Analyse der Kontextabhängigkeit ungleicher politischer Beteiligung mit Daten des European Social Survey / Florian Rabuza. Betreuer: Achim Goerres." Duisburg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1098130480/34.
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Grans, Norgren Selma. "Lågutbildad och ensam : En tvärkulturell studie som undersöker hur utbildningsnivå inverkar på ensamhetskänslor." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-188320.
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Detta är en tvärkulturell, kvantitativ studie som undersöker sambandet mellan utbildning och ensamhet. Tidigare forskning i ämnet har varierande resultat samtidigt som fokus ofta legat på konsekvenser av ensamhet istället för vad som orsakar ensamhet. Trots det utgår denna studie från att den alienerande skolmiljön, som bidrar till ensamhetskänslor, samt humankapitalteorin, som ger en förståelse vad som kan uppmuntra till fortsatta studier, innebär att en lägre utbildningsnivå associerar med ensamhetskänslor. Datamaterialet som används för att testa hypotesen kommer från European Social Survey runda 7 vilket innebär att 21 länder inkluderas med mellan 1 400–3 000 respondenter per nation. Denna studie använder samma binära definition av ensamhetsvariabeln som Brülde och Fors (2015). Med hjälp av linjära sannolikhetsmodeller testas sedan hypotesen, analyserna inkluderar över 35 000 respondenter. Resultatet innebär att det finns empiriskt stöd för hypotesen och därmed antas en individs utbildningsnivå inverkar på hens ensamhetskänslor. Det kan tyckas märkligt att personer som spenderar mer tid i den alienerande skolmiljön är mindre ensamma än de med lägre utbildningsnivå. Teorierna ger dock flera möjliga förklaringar till detta, dels att individer som är känsliga för den alienerande miljön väljer att inte fortsätta studier på högre nivå, vilket ger dem sämre förutsättningar på arbetsmarknaden samtidigt som förvärvsarbetet också kan leda till alienering och därmed riskeras ensamhetskänslorna intensifieras. Medan för andra individer ger det ökande humankapitalet, som utbildningen innebär, incitament för att bortse från den alienerande miljön och därmed motverkas alienationens negativa konsekvenser. Därutöver går det att argumentera för att den högre utbildningen fostrar en slags social individualism som studenterna har nytta av senare i livet.
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Štěpánová, Jana. "Analýza projektů realizovaných úřady práce." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-204077.
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Dissertation is focused on the analysis of projects realised by employment offices during program period 2007-2013. In theoretical part of this dissertation are presented teoretical findings relating to social policy, the employment´s policy of Czech Republic inclouded. Theoretical part includes also findings of social policy in context of policy of togetherness EU, where dissertation is focused on its targets and engines. This part of dissertation also characterizes operation program Human resources and employment. In practical part are presented the results of questionnaire survey and there are proposed concrete actions oriented to improvement of realisation of projects realised by employment agency of Czech Republic. Practical part of this document compares projects Educate yourselves for growing in region Vysočina and Educate yourselves for growing in region Vysočina II. and evaluates also economical side of both projects. Marginal chapter of practical part is comparation of the costs for one participant of welding course from the project Educate yourselves for growing in region Vysočina II. with the same course which is organised through the requalification secured by employment agency Czech Republic.
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Rapp, Axel. "Web site security maturity of the European Union and its member states : A survey study on the compliance with best practices of DNSSEC, HSTS, HTTPS, TLS-version, and certificate validation types." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för informationsteknologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20127.
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With e-governance steadily growing, citizen-to-state communication via Web sites is as well, placing enormous trust in the protocols designed to handle this communication in a secure manner. Since breaching any of the protocols enabling Web site communication could yield benefits to a malicious attacker and bring harm to end-users, the battle between hackers and information security professionals is ongoing and never-ending. This phenomenon is the main reason why it is of importance to adhere to the latest best practices established by specialized independent organizations. Best practice compliance is important for any organization, but maybe most of all for our governing authorities, which we should hold to the highest standard possible due to the nature of their societal responsibility to protect the public. This report aims to, by conducting a quantitative survey, study the Web sites of the governments and government agencies of the member states of the European Union, as well as Web sites controlled by the European Union to assess to what degree their domains comply with the current best practices of DNSSEC, HSTS, HTTPS, SSL/TLS, and certificate validation types. The findings presented in this paper show that there are significant differences in compliance level between the different parameters measured, where HTTPS best practice deployment was the highest (96%) and HSTS best practice deployment was the lowest (3%). Further, when comparing the average best practice compliance by country, Denmark and the Netherlands performed the best, while Cyprus had the lowest average.
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Campos-Serna, Javier 1974. "Gender inequalities in occupational health: a systematic literature review and the influence of the welfare state regime and the occupational social class throughout the Spanish and the European working conditions surveys." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/129744.
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Esta tesis doctoral está basada en la identificación de las desigualdades de género en salud laboral descritas en la literatura científica, así como en el análisis de las desigualdades de género en la población ocupada en España y Europa, y como estas desigualdades se ven influenciadas por la clase social ocupacional, el sector de actividad de la empresa y el estado del bienestar. En primer lugar, se identificaron las desigualdades de género en la exposición a los riesgos laborales derivados de las condiciones de empleo y trabajo, así como de los problemas de salud derivados del trabajo a partir de una revisión sistemática de la literatura científica en distintas bases de datos. En segundo lugar, se analizaron 25 indicadores de desigualdades de género relacionados con las condiciones de empleo, trabajo, conciliación de la vida laboral y la familiar y con los problemas de salud derivados del trabajo. Para ello, se analizó la sexta edición de la Encuesta Nacional de Condiciones de Trabajo de 2007. Igualmente, se exploró como estos 25 indicadores variaban en función de la clase social ocupacional y el sector de actividad de la empresa. Finalmente, se analizó como la clase social ocupacional y el estado del bienestar podrían influir en las desigualdades de género en la exposición a los riesgos psicosociales derivados del trabajo. Para ello, se analizó la cuarta edición de la Encuesta Europea de Condiciones de Trabajo de 2005.This thesis is based on the identification of gender inequalities in occupational health described in scientific literature, as well as in the analysis of gender inequalities in employed population in Spain and Europe, and how these gender inequalities are influenced by the occupational social class, sector of activity of the company and welfare state regime. Firstly, we identified gender inequalities in exposure to occupational hazards arising from the employment and working conditions, as well as work-related health problems from a systematic review on the scientific literature in different databases. Secondly, we analyzed 25 indicators of gender inequalities related to employment and working conditions, balancing job and family life and work-related health problems. To achieve this objective, we analyzed the sixth edition of the National Survey on Working Conditions from 2007. In addition, we explored how these 25 indicators of gender inequalities varied according to occupational social class and sector of activity of the company. Finally, we analyzed how the welfare state regime and the occupational social class could influence gender inequalities in the exposure to work-related psychosocial hazards. To achieve this objective, we analyzed the fourth edition of the European Survey on Working Conditions from 2005.
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Pia, Aimilia. "Deconstructing European identity : the European Social Forum." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496162.
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Duplain, Laurianne. "France within the European Union and the Eurozone : a survey study." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-11358.
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In this paper, we are going to study the relations between France, the European Unionand the Eurozone. The involvements of France in the European Union and the Eurozone aswell as the effects of the European evolutions in France. As France has played many roles indifferent areas for the European Union, the relations are social, political, juridical andobviously economic. We cannot analyse these relations without interest in the historicalpart, which shows the chronological involvements of France in the EU, from the firstagreement in 1951 to the Treaty of Lisbon in December 2009. Beside this, our analyse needsalso to focus on the European Union as several institutions; as well as the Eurozone and itseconomic consequences in Europe and in France. To do so, we are going to raise monetaryand institutional questions and develop the most important European stakes as theenlargements, the European budget, the common policies and the European institutions.France can be considered as a founding father of the European Union, and in spite ofsome difficulties; both France and the European Union have had positive influences on eachother and the European Union could not have grown in this way without France.
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Sandal, Onal Elif. "Social Representations Of European Union." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608946/index.pdf.
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The main aim of this study was to reveal the prevailing social representations of European Union. In order to fulfill the aim, first a semi-structured interview was conducted to 13 demographically different individuals and the content analysis of the interviews revealed five categories namely, Turkey&rsquos membership to EU, Problems of Turkey, Structure of EU, EU as Disadvantageous and EU as Advantageous. Second, in order to examine the media representation of EU, three newspapers representing different political views were qualitatively analyzed and the dimensions of EU as a must, EU as a threat, and EU as difficult were exposed. Finally, according to the thematic units and categories generated from the qualitative analyses
a &ldquo
Social Representations of EU&rdquo
scale was formed and applied to 243 university students. Four sub-scales, namely EU membership is disadvantageous, EU membership is advantageous, religious and cultural threats and EU membership is difficult were extracted from the scale with the reliability coefficients varying from .61 to .88. In order to investigate whether the different factors of social representations of EU are differing on particular dimensions as political view, exposure to media, newspapers read or SES levels, variance analyses were performed. On the other hand, for answering the question of whether the representations of EU could be predicted from life expectations, perceived political agenda or individual dimensions multiple regression analyses were held. Significant differences were found in EU membership is disadvantageous representation in terms of university (Gazi University-METU), gender, and political views of newspapers read. EU membership is advantageous representation differed along the levels of gender and newspapers read. Religious and cultural threats were to be differed along the levels of university, gender, political view, newspapers read and exposure to media. Finally significant differences in EU as difficult representation was found in terms of the ideology of the newspapers read. Feelings toward EU and evaluation of the membership dimensions were found to contribute to the prediction of EU as disadvantageous, EU as advantageous, religious and cultural threats, and EU as difficult representations. Moreover, religious and cultural threats representation is significantly predicted from political view and media exposure.
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Chen, Yu-Wen. "Transnational cooperation of ethnopolitical mobilization : a survey analysis of European ethnopolitical groups /." Frankfurt, M. ; Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien : Lang, 2009. http://d-nb.info/997135069/04.
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Navrátilová, Ludmila. "Budování konkurenční výhody českých podniků prostřednictvím kreativní internetové reklamy v rámci jednotného evropského trhu." Doctoral thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-263393.
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This doctoral thesis focuses on creative online advertising in the context of understanding the value orientation of Czech consumers. By interactions of creative campaigns and national culture of target country aspects businesses can achieve a competitive advantage in the field of digital marketing communications. The main objective of the thesis is to create a concept of creative use of online advertising in the Czech market in relation to the cultural values of Czech consumers as a factor of increasing the competitiveness of Czech companies. The result of the thesis is a design that represents the creative elements of interactive online campaign to Czech national culture, defined as the value orientation by Schwartz according to targeting to defined age group of consumers and it also defines the effective use of online ad formats.
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Fitchen, Jonathan Michael Christopher. "A comparative survey of the legal obligations underlying Competition Law." Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.327469.
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Dillon, Andrew, Marian Sweeney, and Martin Maguire. "A Survey of usability evaluation practices and requirements in the European IT industry." Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105886.
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This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Dillon, A., Sweeney, M. and Maguire, M. (1993) A survey of usability evaluation practices and requirements in the European IT industry. In. J. Alty, S. Guest and D. Diaper (eds.) HCI'93. People and Computers VII. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Abstract: The present paper reports on a survey of current practices in usability engineering and requirements for support within European I.T. organisations. Responses were obtained from 84 individuals working in nine European countries. The data were analysed in terms of four themes: respondents' background, their interpretation and appreciation of the concept of usability, current practice with regard to usability evaluation, problems and requirements for support in conducting usability evaluation. Results suggest widespread awareness but only superficial application of Human Factors methods in Industry.
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Avsharova, Sabina. "Populistiska attityder i Europa Social Survey." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för lärande, humaniora och samhälle, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-40789.
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Populistiska krafter blir allt mer inflytelserika runt om i västvärlden, populism inklusive alla dess olika inriktningar får ett allt större stöd hos befolkningen sedan början på 2000-talet. Denna uppsats undersöker fyra förklaringsfaktorer som främjar populistiska attityder hos individer som ingår i Europa Social Survey data. Dessa faktorer grundas i Ronald Inglehart och Pippa Norris förklaringsmodeller och skapar underlag för studiens hypoteser. För att genomföra detta tillämpas kvantitativ forskningsstrategi med en deduktiv ansats. Indikatorer i analysen är sekundärdata från ESS som används för att summera ett populismindex och finna förklaringsvariabler. Syftet är att med hjälp av multipel regressionsanalys framställa vilka förklaringsfaktorer har en påverkan på populistiska attityder samt påvisa ett signifikant samband. Analysen framställer hur populistiska attityder ser ut bland studiens inkluderade länder, samt påvisar ett samband mellan populismindexet och utvalda förklaringsfaktorer. Resultatet visar att fyra förklaringsfaktorer som har inkluderats i studien har effekt på individers mottaglighet för populistiska attityder. Följaktligen redogörs att om individen är missnöjd med livet i sin helhet eller med vårdtjänsterna som finns i respektive land, kan det leda till att den är mer mottaglig för populistiska attityder än om den har låg utbildningsnivå eller tillhör den äldre generationen. Det innebär att studiens hypoteser som avser missnöje och individens bakgrundsfaktorer stämmer överens med Ingleharts och Norris förklaringsmodeller.
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Lengfeld, Holger, Sara Schmidt, and Julia Häuberer. "Is there a European solidarity?" Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-165394.
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This paper analyses if European citizens are willing to show solidarity with debt-ridden EU member states during the recent crisis. Based on a theoretical concept comprehending four di-mensions of solidarity - generalised willingness to support, existence of social cleavages, rea-sons of supporting others, acceptance of conditions a crisis country has to meet to receive as-sistance - we derived hypotheses stating that the existence of a European wide solidarity is rather unlikely. We analysed data from two Eurobarometer surveys 2010 and 2011 and a unique survey conducted in Germany and Portugal in 2012. Descriptive and multilevel analyses indi-cated that in 2010 and 2011, a narrow majority of all EU citizens supported fiscal assistance for crisis countries, and socio-economic and cultural cleavages in attitudes regarding financial as-sistance for crisis countries were rather low. Findings from the two country comparison showed that the willingness to show solidarity was predominantly guided by moral reasoning instead of the respondent’s self-interest. However, German and Portuguese respondents disagree on austerity measures, with the exception of social spending cuts. Taken all together, we come to the conclusion that recent years have brought a new legitimacy to the use of EU bailout measures which are now a given European practice.
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Zagler, Martin, and Ulrike Mühlberger. "The European Employment Price Index: Implementation and Feasibility in Austria." Austrian Statistical Society, 1998. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5640/1/538%2D1529%2D1%2DSM.pdf.
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The study, on which this paper is based upon, has analyzed the
implementation and feasibility of the European Employment Price Index
(EEPI) in Austria. The European Employment Price Index is a Laspeyres
measure of the change in the demand-transaction price of the standardized
unit of labor. We find that it is feasible to construct the index with the
available company data with an approximate lag length of five month. Most
data were easily accessible within firms, with the exception of severance
payments, company pensions, and hypothetical costs. Only 228 observations
are required to obtain an aggregate EEPI for Austria within +/- one
percentage point at the 95 % significance level, whilst some 4800
observations are necessary for disaggregate series, enormously increasing
costs of provision.
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Atabay, Seda. "Social Market Economy: A Discursive Framework For European Social Model?" Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/2/12610222/index.pdf.
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The thesis mainly scrutinizes the evolution of European Social Dimension from the early period of the European integration to the Lisbon Summit of 2000 and the formation of the draft EU Constitution in 2003. While the focus is on the changing role of social policy at the European Union level during the period of welfare state transformation, the thesis tries to lay down the normative and discursive linkages constructed between the concepts of European Social Model and the Social Market
Economy. Subsequent to the inquiry made into the theoretical foundations of the Social Market Economy and its practice in Germany, the thesis discusses how diverse European actors employ the concept, which is ambiguous in nature, as a comprehensive framework within which a European political identity that may be constructed around European Social Model could be grounded.
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Szilvási, Marek. "Roma and the contradictions of European inclusion policies : citizens associated with European societies." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=227610.
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The research addresses the relevant contradictions of European Roma inclusion policy-making. The situation which many Roma in European societies experience nowadays combines deprivation and exclusion on the grounds of civil and political recognition, cultural identity and minority rights, and socio-economic justice in (re-)distributing resources. The recent European call for specific Roma-targeted policies is also articulated in these three discourses of inclusion, whether these policies should be based on their distinctive ethnic identity to be emancipated, legally- and politically-defined citizenship to be enforced, or socio-economic precariousness to be improved. Each of these three discourses addresses different type of inequalities; sometimes they can complement each other in promoting substantial equality, whereas at other times one politics of inclusion can reinforce the existing inequalities of another type. These domains are closely connected with and burden one another reciprocally – in the sense that better solutions of the problems of one domain can increase the problems in another and well-intended policies can thus turn into new forms of exclusion. The research confirmed the uncertainty among international policy-makers regarding what should serve as a conceptual base for European Roma inclusion policies. It furthermore traced a lack of attempts to reconcile the identities of passive service recipients and those of actively claiming citizens. It also revealed that most of the policies are designed within patron-client relationship where the benefits of patrons exceed the benefits of activated Roma. Finally, it proposes to recalibrate inclusion policies towards accentuating socio-economic rights and concludes that integration through-and-to low-skilled job does not meet the objective of inclusion.
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Pons, Pairó Marc. "From energy saving technologies to green product innovation: evidence from the European Manufacturing Survey." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/669972.
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Green manufacturers and an understanding of their differentiating characteristics and environmental and economic performance when applying green practices are at the centre of this doctoral thesis.
The focus is set around this particular group of companies, firstly, in the implementation of energy- and material-saving technologies in production processes and, secondly, in the innovation of new products that have a positive impact on the environment when in use or when disposing of them.
This original dual vision covers two strategic societal issues, namely environment and innovation. The aim is to provide policy makers with new knowledge to promote energy efficiency, green manufacturing and green product innovation.
The evidence is based on the European Manufacturing Survey(EMS), mainly the Spanish one.
To achieve the research objectives, the results are presented in the form of five studies that have been published in indexed journals or as a book chapter or presented in international conferencesLes indústries verdes constitueixen el centre d’aquesta tesi doctoral així com la comprensió de les seves característiques diferenciadores i dels seus rendiments, tant econòmics com ambientals, quan aquestes apliquen pràctiques verdes. El focus es posa al voltant d’aquest grup especial d’empreses, primerament en la implementació de tecnologies per a l’estalvi d’energia i materials en els processos de producció i, en segon lloc, en la innovació de nous productes que tenen un impacte positiu sobre el medi ambient durant el seu ús o bé a l’hora de la seva eliminació. Aquesta original doble visió abasta dues qüestions socials estratègiques, com ara són el medi ambient i la innovació. El propòsit és els de proporcionar nous coneixements als responsables polítics perquè puguin promoure l’eficiència energètica, la producció verda, o bé la innovació de nous productes verds. Les evidencies que s’exposen estan basades en la European Manifacturing Survey (EMS)
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Lorenz, Walter. "Towards a European Paradigm of Social Work." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2005. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1128344938240-55903.
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This dissertation analyses the relationship between social work and social policy in Europe from a comparative historical perspective. Central to this analysis is the dynamic interplay of forces which led to the consolidation of the European nation state as a welfare state, including the current crisis of the welfare consensus. The role of social work emerges as central to the project of national cultural integration, a perspective which frequently gets overlooked from a purely national perspective. Social works enmeshment with this nation state project is revealed in the current transformation of the welfare states in the light of neo-liberal principles and in the context of globalization. This perspective underlines the need for the development of intercultural communicative competences and in particular a consistent anti-racist approach in social work. At the same time the particular position in relation to social policy requires the development of research methods specific to the discipline in the light of its hermeneutic tasksDie Arbeit behandelt die Beziehung zwischen Sozialer Arbeit und Sozialpolitik in Europa aus vergleichender historischer Perspektive. Untersucht wird die Dynamik des Nationalstaats und seine Konsolidierung als Wohlfahrtsstaat bis zur gegenwärtigen Krise des Wohlfahrtskonsenses. Dabei gewinnt die Rolle der Sozialen Arbeit in der Aufgabe kultureller Integration besondere Bedeutung, da dies aus rein nationaler Sicht oft nicht zu erkennen ist. Ihre Verkoppelung mit dem Nationalstaat wird besonders deutlich in der gegenwärtigen Transformation durch neo-liberale Prinzipien im Kontext der Globalisierung. Hieraus ergeben sich neue Aufgaben für die Soziale Arbeit, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Entwicklung interkultureller kommunikativer Kompetenzen und eines konsistenten antirassistischen Ansatzes. Gleichzeitig erfordert die besondere sozialpolitische Position die Entwicklung disziplinspezifischer Forschungsansätze im Lichte der hermeneutischen Bedeutung der Sozialen Arbeit
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Ferragina, Emanuele. "Membership Unlimited. Social Capital across European Regions." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533796.
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Campostrini, Matteo. "The Social Shaping of European Digital Radio." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177579.
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This study examines the social shaping of digital radio in Europe and provides new insights about the main competing technologies and the discourses built around their capabilities. The radio frequency spectrum is a limited resource and in order to be used in the most efficient way different organizations have been researching optimizing standards since the mid-1980s. The Eureka-147 project produced the first European digital broadcasting standard DAB whose development have been initially fostered by public service broadcasters and electronics manufacturers, consequently by commercial broadcasters and governmental institutions. The design and policy of DAB did not manage to grasp the attention and support of all the actors present in the nascent digital radio industry. A decade after its launch DAB was followed by other digital radio standards, as DAB+ and DRM, in the role of complements/competitors. At the same time the Internet started to be used as infrastructure for delivering radio or sound entertainment content. Thirty years after the beginning of the European digital radio experience, the picture is still complex and no technology achieved a complete and harmonized implementation. Across Europe, countries have been involved in the digitalization of radio to different extent: Norway announced FM transmissions shutdown in 2017, UK and Switzerland have developed an almost nationally wide digital network coverage and are about to run their switchover plans, some other countries as Sweden and Italy are still in a transmission-trial and evaluation phase. The history of digital radio in Europe offers ground for a Social Shaping of Technology analysis as exposed in “The Social construction of technological systems” (1987) by Wiebe Bijker, Thomas Hughes and Trevor Pinch. The Social Shaping of Technology claims that technologies and their outcomes are always socially negotiated. According to this theoretical framework and in particular to the Social Construction of Technology (SCOT) methodology, it is possible to highlight a number of social groups negotiating the final technology in the development of every artefact. In particular SCOT allows to find points of interpretative flexibility, namely diverging interpretations that different groups have of a same technology or a particular feature of it. These arguments or discourses are built around a technology or its features in order to foster a particular concerns of the corresponding group. This master thesis analyses the development of digital radio in Europe according to the framework provided by the Social Shaping of Technology, enriching the number of case studies that have been conducted following this framework. In this way the dissertation “The Social Shaping of European Digital Radio” provides an overview on the social, political and economic forces which negotiated the technology throughout its development and provides a deeper understanding of the overall digital media technology industry.
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Nilsen, Keith James. "European democracy and intelligence : a social praxis." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311533.
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