Academic literature on the topic 'The evolution of diplomacy'

This study analyzes U.S. relations with the Barbary States from 1784 to 1805. After the American Revolution, the young nation found its commerce menaced in the Mediterranean by North African pirates sponsored by the rulers of Morocco, Tunis, Algiers, and Tripoli. As the U.S. sought to find a solution to end piracy and the practice of paying tributes or ransom to free Americans held captive, Thomas Jefferson proposed several solutions as a diplomat, vice president, and as president when he authorized the Tripolitan War (1801-1805). Thus, this look at U.S. relations with the Barbary States focuses on Jefferson’s evolving foreign policy proposals and argues that William Eaton’s secret mission in 1805 eventually reshaped U.S. policy in the Mediterranean and brought Jefferson’s ideas for a military solution to fruition. This change in policy would soon bring about the end of piracy against U.S. merchant vessels and the nation’s involvement in tributary treaties.

This dissertation examines the development of Soviet-American strategic arms diplomacy from the early 1970s to the late 1980s. It argues that bargaining activity during this period produced an evolving set of operative principles, or a "methodology" of strategic arms diplomacy, which has bridged particular agreements and has tended to drive policymakers into recurring patterns of choice throughout the process. It further argues that compliance behavior has played a key role in stimulating adjustments in bargaining methodology, because both sides have pursued successive negotiations against a background of accumulating experience under the terms of older agreements. Chapter 1 introduces the dissertation's central arguments and discusses the links between compliance behavior and bargaining methodology. Chapter 2 identifies factors that may have compliance-enhancing and -inhibiting effects, and argues that treaty-constrained behavior is best viewed as a product of ongoing interactions among these factors. Chapter 3 explains why Soviet and U.S. compliance practices since 1972 are prone to conflicting assessments, and why these conflicts make it difficult to prove or disprove competing hypotheses regarding the motivations behind such behavior on the Soviet side. This chapter also assesses the historical record in light of the several factors discussed in Chapter 2 and identifies the presence of certain "structural" frictions in the Soviet-American context which were not previously considered. The study then explicates the rule-making process. For analytical purposes it defines an agreement as a composite of: framework rules, which represent the internal structure of restraint; scope rules, which are criteria for including or excluding weapons; and verification rules, which govern procedures for monitoring compliance and sorting out problems. After discussing the formative stages of the bargaining process in Chapter 4, patterns of rule-making in each category are analyzed. Chapter 5 demonstrates that a systematic progression in framework rules governing force concentration is juxtaposed against sharp discontinuities in those governing force modernization. Chapter 6 concludes that the inevitable trade-offs between preserving flexibility for oneself versus thwarting treaty circumvention by the other side has led to recurring patterns in scope rule selection. Chapter 7 discusses trends in verification rule-making and the significance of glasnost. Chapter 8 evaluates the impact of bargaining dynamics and compliance behavior upon the rule-making process from the SALT to the START eras.

The Submarine service was established to perform covert operations.  Despite its clandestine nature the submarine service is used in the extrovert field of maritime diplomacy. An example of if this is, the participation of submarine forces in the RIMPAC which are multinational and goodwill visits to port. This study aims to identify the methods with which the submarine services can interact with the field of maritime diplomacy, the extent these methods are used and what role the submarine service adopts in maritime diplomacy.   To answer these questions through a qualitative analysis of the theories on maritime diplomacy presented by Christian La Mière and James Cable that identify variables in forms of methods that fulfill diplomatic purposes. These variables are used as a tool for empirical data collection for a quantitative result presented in a table. A qualitative analysis and comparison of similarities and differences in the general usage of the submarine service is employed in the context of maritime diplomacy.    The analysis shows six variables, in which submarine services can interact within the field of maritime diplomacy; Good will visits, Personnel exchanges, multinational exercises, multinational operations, capability to deliver payload to keel bound targets and capability to deliver payload on ground based targets.  The results show that each of these variables have to some extent been used historically. Further analysis of the result concludes that the submarine service does not have a highly-visible role in maritime diplomacy. Contrary to this it is limited because of its limited applications as a multirole vessel and the extensive cost of maintenance which further concentrate the capabilities of the submarine service.

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.<br>This thesis will provide the theoretical frame and some critical points regarding Public Diplomacy (PD), in conjunction with the target addressed and the results achieved by some developed countries through this kind of diplomacy. It will prove that PD is one of the most important tools for a successful foreign policy, having as its primary objective to inform, engage, and build mutual relations with foreign public opinion. In addition to that, this research paper will focus on Greece as a case study of PD by examining its level of effectiveness, capabilities, and perspectives. The final outcome is expected to be a proposed model of foreign policy, applicable to other small-sized countries.

This study investigates the diversification of contemporary diplomacy in a deeper manner by choosing the concept of dance, which has never been chosen before. Theoretical andhistorical analysis of dance diplomacy helps us to answer the main research question of thestudy how does dance diplomacy contribute to the diversification of contemporary diplomacy. This research paper utilizes a qualitative methodology with the interpretative, historical, descriptive and cultural approaches and uses qualitative methods of literature review, content analysis, comparative analysis and theory triangulation. In this study we seethat dancers and choreographers complement today's diplomats, we find that the implications of cultural diversity expand an understanding of contemporary diplomacy, and that new emerging practices of dance diplomacy contribute to “new diplomacy” findings. Furthermore, practices of dance diplomacy could be described as parts of cultural diplomacy, public diplomacy, instruments of soft power or forms of nonverbal communication. This illustrates that contemporary diplomacy is somehow shaped by culture, public, power and communication, and therefore it could be understood from all these perspectives. Besides this, a chosen historical perspective and a background of the dance diplomacy help us to see that dance diplomacy is a natural consequence of the evolution of diplomacy. At last, it is relevant for the academic society to ground it on a scientific theoretical basis, which could expand our understanding of contemporary diplomacy.

<p> The diplomatic impasse between the United States and Iran is officially broken after thirty-four years of mutual recriminations and mistrust. The need for a reinvigorated U.S. public diplomacy is essential to forge a new relationship based on respect, understanding, and shared political, social, and economic interests. "Gangnam Style" public diplomacy is a simultaneous multiplatform approach to information sharing and engagement that utilizes various programs to stimulate people-to-people connections based on culture, education, and business. By applying this strategy, the current rapprochement between the United States and Iran can be expanded to the benefit of both countries.</p>

No século XXI, a globalização e as novas tecnologias estão transformando a diplomacia pública. O novo conceito de diplomacia pública surge como uma forma de diplomacia aberta que tem como objetivo influenciar a opinião pública em sociedades externas com o cultivo explícito de grupos, organizações e indivíduos não-oficiais. Junto com a nova diplomacia pública, o termo soft power - habilidade de alcançar objetivos por meio de influência em vez da coerção - também está ganhando mais atenção dos profissionais e dos estudiosos da área de diplomacia pública. Esta dissertação argumenta que, ao tratar soft power como uma habilidade de atração, a diplomacia pública é um instrumento político que faz uso dessa habilidade. Examina os métodos e práticas da diplomacia pública, especialmente o caso do Japão nos últimos anos, cuja diplomacia pública incorporou a noção de cultura popular japonesa. Analisa as funções e interações dos principais atores de diplomacia pública japonesa - o Ministério dos Negócios Estrangeiros e a Fundação Japão -, bem como explora os recursos de soft power japonês. Baseado nos resultados, revela-se que os formuladores de política japoneses exercem a estratégia de diplomacia pública na cultura pop como uma das estratégias que permite ao Japão exercer os recursos de soft power, principalmente em suas atrações culturais, conforme a nova concepção da diplomacia pública. Além disso, a mudança do Executivo japonês também é um importante determinante do surgimento das novas iniciativas de sua diplomacia pública.<br>In the twenty-first century, globalization and new technologies are transforming public diplomacy. The new concept of public diplomacy arises as a form of open diplomacy in which its objective is to influence public opinion of foreign societies with more specific on non-official groups, organizations and individuals. Together with the new public diplomacy, the concept of soft power - the ability to get what you want by attracting and persuading rather than coercion – is also gaining more attention from the public diplomacy’s scholars and- practitioners. This dissertation argues that by treating soft power as the ability to attract, public diplomacy is a political instrument that makes use of the power. It examines public diplomacy’s methods and practices, especially, in the case of Japan in recent years in which its public diplomacy has incorporated the notion of Japanese popular culture. It analyzes functions and interactions of Japanese main public diplomacy actors - the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Japan Foundation - as well as explores the resources of Japanese soft power. Based on the results, it is revealed that the Japanese policy makers use the pop culture strategy in their public diplomacy as one of the strategies that allows Japan to use the resources of soft power, in particular its cultural resources, in accordance with the new concept of public diplomacy. In addition, the change of the Japanese Executive is also a significant determinant of the rise of its new public diplomacy initiatives.

This research paper highlights the prospects and challenges of ongoing peace process efforts.Since February 2020, peace talks among Taliban and Afghan government have been a historicalmoment for long awaiting peace to come to Afghanistan.The Afghan nation, the world, and regional players have embraced this historic milestone andare determined to support the Afghan government's efforts for peace, and the Taliban have beenencouraged to take a strategic posture in peace talks, trying to achieve a long-term outcome.This study aims to recognize the ongoing development in the peace process in light of eventstaken place in the Afghan diplomacy to steer peace. The prospective of peace is examined bytheories of Charles Webel &amp; Johan Galtung’sa Peace Building and Oliver Richmond’s PeaceFormation if peace will come out of the Intra-Afghan talks. The study also aims to focus onstrengths and weaknesses of the peace negotiation process to identify possible causes andfactors that hinder the peace process.Keywords: Afghanistan, Peace, Intra-Afghan Peace Talks, Peace Formation, Diplomacy, Statebuilding, Ashraf Ghani, Afghan Peace

Since its much publicized deployment in the wake of the September 11th attacks and during the subsequent so-called "War on Terror," public diplomacy has generated a substantial body of critical discourse emanating from both the professional and academic spheres. These analyses, however, have been for the most part empirical studies, aimed at strengthening the efficiency of the practice by identifying potential flaws or weaknesses in its current conception or application and offering possible correctives. Significant enquiries into the conceptual origins and evolution of the practice, on the other hand, have generally been rare and limited. This thesis proposes to remedy, in part, this lack by situating public diplomacy within a broader and deeper conceptual context. The term "public diplomacy" only entered the lexicon of political and international affairs in the Cold War environment of the mid-1960s. It could however be argued that the essence of the practice –government communication with foreign publics— is as old as history itself. The primary purpose of this dissertation is to argue that public diplomacy, as the specific form taken by the practice of government communication with a foreign audience in the latter half of the twentieth century, is a distinctive product of the development and ultimate intersection of several discrete though somehow connected concepts in social and political thought. We shall seek to substantiate this claim by identifying three fundamental concepts that lie at the heart of the idea of public diplomacy –public opinion, civil society and the information age-- and charting their historical trajectory and various points of interaction. The main body of the dissertation will therefore be divided into three genealogical chapters, one for each of the elected concepts cited above. Throughout, and increasingly as the thesis progresses, these various evolutional paths will be correlated, their points of convergence highlighted, so as to gradually situate the birth of public diplomacy at the intersection of their trajectories. The conclusion will offer further reflections on the continued influence of this collection of notions on the more recent development of public diplomacy, and the implications these might entail for its future.<br>La notion de "diplomatie publique" a inspiré un nombre considérable d'études critiques, aussi bien professionnelles qu'académiques, suite à sa mise en pratique particulièrement publicisée durant la "guerre contre le terrorisme" déclarée par l'administration Bush. Ces analyses, cependant, semblent s'être principalement cantonnées à des considérations empiriques et prescriptives, cherchant surtout à identifier les faiblesses et mésinterprétations qui marqueraient l'application actuelle de la "diplomatie publique", et à proposer certaines mesures correctives. Les recherches substantielles quant aux origines conceptuelles de la pratique, en revanche, ont été, d'une manière générale, rares ou du moins limitées. Cette thèse tente de remédier à cette lacune en cherchant à placer l'idée de "diplomatie publique" dans un contexte conceptuel plus étendu et approfondi. Si la diplomatie traditionnelle exprime l'effort d'un état pour rallier à sa cause un ou plusieurs autres états, la "diplomatie publique", elle, consiste pour un état à faire passer son point de vue, non parmi ses homologues sur la scène internationale, mais au sein de la population de ces derniers. Bien que l'essence de la pratique ne soit pas nécessairement récente, l'appellation "diplomatie publique" (qui manque à ce jour d'équivalent exact en français) est relativement jeune, ayant fait son entrée dans le lexique de la politique internationale aux Etats-Unis dans les années soixante, en pleine Guerre Froide. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est de démontrer que la "diplomatie publique," comme forme singulièrement contemporaine de communication entre un gouvernement et un public étranger, est le produit distinct du développement et des entrecroisements de plusieurs concepts fondamentaux de la pensée politique et sociale. Afin de justifier cette proposition, nous identifierons trois concepts essentiels à l'idée de "diplomatie publique" –l'opinion publique, la société civile, et "l'âge de l'information"-- et soumettrons chacune de ses notions à une étude généalogique détaillée. Au fur et à mesure que la thèse avancera, ces différents cheminements conceptuels seront corrélés, leurs points de convergence mis en évidence, de manière à progressivement situer la genèse de la "diplomatie publique" à l'intersection de leurs trajectoires. S'appuyant sur ces observations, la conclusion ouvrira un nouveau champ de réflexion en examinant leurs retombées possibles sur le futur de la pratique.