Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The Exiles'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'The Exiles.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Salinas, Maria E. "Chilean exiles in Britain : the dynamics of gender relations in exile." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342859.
Full textSchaad, Nathan Christopher. "Exiles of Elara." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1435916752.
Full textQuintanilla, Octavio. "Love Poem with Exiles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc28465/.
Full textAndrade, Patrícia Helena Baialuna de. "Vozes do desterro : a Literatura de Exílio alemã em seus periódicos e na obra de Anna Seghers /." Araraquara, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126605.
Full textCoorientador: Claudia Fernanda de Campos Mauro
Banca: Márcio Roberto do Prado
Banca: Márcio Scheel
Banca: Natália Corrêa Porto Fadel Barcellos
Banca: Wilma Patrícia Marzari Dinardo Maas
Resumo: Durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940, ao passo que o nacional-socialismo estabelecia-se no poder e instituía grandes mudanças na sociedade germânica, especialmente no que tange as liberdades individuais, a Alemanha teve suas fronteiras cruzadas por um número sem precedentes de intelectuais, políticos de esquerda, artistas e judeus. A massiva emigração resultou no estabelecimento de círculos de exilados em vários países do mundo. Forçados a deixar sua pátria para fugir das perseguições e mesmo do risco à própria vida que o nazismo lhes impunha, esses cidadãos enfrentaram toda sorte de dificuldades atreladas ao exílio; ainda assim, muitos deles usaram os recursos possíveis para engajar-se em um movimento de oposição ao fascismo, que se formou no meio intelectual e procurou atingir um público maior através de publicações. Partindo de algumas reflexões acerca do exílio e representações suas em algumas obras clássicas da literatura universal, voltamo-nos para o caso específico do exílio alemão, procurando melhor compreender os desdobramentos históricos, políticos, sociais e culturais que resultaram na diáspora dos maiores expoentes da arte alemã. A literatura produzida pelos alemães em terras estrangeiras, conhecida como Literatura de Exílio, é objeto de estudo deste trabalho em uma de suas mais relevantes manifestações: a publicação de periódicos, revistas sobre literatura e política, por meio das quais eram debatidas importantes questões da época, tanto de âmbito estético quanto ideológico. Procuramos mostrar a relevância desses periódicos para a Literatura de Exílio de modo geral e para a constituição de um movimento de oposição ao nacional-socialismo. Dentre os mais atuantes escritores envolvidos nesses projetos está Anna Seghers, judia e comunista, e, portanto, forçada ao exílio. Os romances e contos escritos pela autora no período em questão são considerados os mais relevantes de sua...
Abstract: During the 1930's and the 1940's, as national-socialism raised its domain and made profound changes in German society - especially about liberty -, Germany's boundaries were crossed by an enormous number of intellectuals, oppositional politicians, artists and Jews. This massive emigration had as a result the establishment of groups of exiled people in several countries. Compelled to leave their country to escape persecution and even risk to their own lives, these men and women faced all sorts of difficulties related to exile; nevertheless, many of them used every possible resource to engage themselves into an opposition movement against fascism, which was formed among the intellectuals and tried to reach a wider circle through publications. Starting with some reflections about exile and its representations in some classic universal literature pieces, we focus on the specific German case, aiming to better understand the historical - political, social and cultural - conditions that caused the diaspora of the most important names of German arts. The literature produced by the Germans living in foreign countries, named Exilliteratur, is the object of this study through one of its most relevant manifestations: the periodicals, magazines about literature and politics, on whose pages some of the most important issues of that time have been discussed, aesthetical and ideological. We aim to expose the importance of these periodicals to the Exilliteratur in general and to the constitution of a movement against Nazism. Amongst the main names of this movement is Anna Seghers', a Jew and communist writer forced to exile. Novels and short stories written by Seghers during her exile years are the highest renowned of her vast bibliography. As we present some of these texts, we aim to point to the ways the engagement and problems of that historical moment are transformed into literary art pieces
Doutor
White, William Roy. "A discourse of exile : representations of restored royal exiles in Anglo-Saxon England." Thesis, University of York, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5706/.
Full textMason, Edward J. "DoD's use of Iraqi exiles." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2006. http://bosun.nps.edu/uhtbin/hyperion.exe/06Dec%5FMason.pdf.
Full textThesis Advisor(s): Anna Simons. "December 2006." Includes bibliographical references (p. 57-62). Also available in print.
Griffin, Ronald Glyn. "Exiles in the Old Testament." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
Full textFredericksen, Brooke. "At home in words: Exile, writing and twentieth century literature." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/185798.
Full textZahner, C. "Images of contemporary Germany in exiles novels." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.333228.
Full textJones, Thomas Chewning. "French republican exiles in Britain, 1848-1870." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609095.
Full textCampbell, Katie. "Paradise of exiles : the Anglo-Florentine garden." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/e49a8660-b551-4250-a503-a263a3cb62c4.
Full textAndrade, Patrícia Helena Baialuna de [UNESP]. "Vozes do desterro: a Literatura de Exílio alemã em seus periódicos e na obra de Anna Seghers." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/126605.
Full textConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Durante as décadas de 1930 e 1940, ao passo que o nacional-socialismo estabelecia-se no poder e instituía grandes mudanças na sociedade germânica, especialmente no que tange as liberdades individuais, a Alemanha teve suas fronteiras cruzadas por um número sem precedentes de intelectuais, políticos de esquerda, artistas e judeus. A massiva emigração resultou no estabelecimento de círculos de exilados em vários países do mundo. Forçados a deixar sua pátria para fugir das perseguições e mesmo do risco à própria vida que o nazismo lhes impunha, esses cidadãos enfrentaram toda sorte de dificuldades atreladas ao exílio; ainda assim, muitos deles usaram os recursos possíveis para engajar-se em um movimento de oposição ao fascismo, que se formou no meio intelectual e procurou atingir um público maior através de publicações. Partindo de algumas reflexões acerca do exílio e representações suas em algumas obras clássicas da literatura universal, voltamo-nos para o caso específico do exílio alemão, procurando melhor compreender os desdobramentos históricos, políticos, sociais e culturais que resultaram na diáspora dos maiores expoentes da arte alemã. A literatura produzida pelos alemães em terras estrangeiras, conhecida como Literatura de Exílio, é objeto de estudo deste trabalho em uma de suas mais relevantes manifestações: a publicação de periódicos, revistas sobre literatura e política, por meio das quais eram debatidas importantes questões da época, tanto de âmbito estético quanto ideológico. Procuramos mostrar a relevância desses periódicos para a Literatura de Exílio de modo geral e para a constituição de um movimento de oposição ao nacional-socialismo. Dentre os mais atuantes escritores envolvidos nesses projetos está Anna Seghers, judia e comunista, e, portanto, forçada ao exílio. Os romances e contos escritos pela autora no período em questão são considerados os mais relevantes de sua...
During the 1930's and the 1940's, as national-socialism raised its domain and made profound changes in German society - especially about liberty -, Germany's boundaries were crossed by an enormous number of intellectuals, oppositional politicians, artists and Jews. This massive emigration had as a result the establishment of groups of exiled people in several countries. Compelled to leave their country to escape persecution and even risk to their own lives, these men and women faced all sorts of difficulties related to exile; nevertheless, many of them used every possible resource to engage themselves into an opposition movement against fascism, which was formed among the intellectuals and tried to reach a wider circle through publications. Starting with some reflections about exile and its representations in some classic universal literature pieces, we focus on the specific German case, aiming to better understand the historical - political, social and cultural - conditions that caused the diaspora of the most important names of German arts. The literature produced by the Germans living in foreign countries, named Exilliteratur, is the object of this study through one of its most relevant manifestations: the periodicals, magazines about literature and politics, on whose pages some of the most important issues of that time have been discussed, aesthetical and ideological. We aim to expose the importance of these periodicals to the Exilliteratur in general and to the constitution of a movement against Nazism. Amongst the main names of this movement is Anna Seghers', a Jew and communist writer forced to exile. Novels and short stories written by Seghers during her exile years are the highest renowned of her vast bibliography. As we present some of these texts, we aim to point to the ways the engagement and problems of that historical moment are transformed into literary art pieces
Akcasu, Ayse Ebru. "Non-Ottomans of Hamidian Istanbul : exiles and expatriates." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2017. http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/26671/.
Full textRafudeen, Mohammed Auwais. "Government perceptions of Cape Muslim exiles : 1652-1806." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17216.
Full textThis essay examines how the Cape government thought and felt about certain prominent Muslims, exiled from present day Indonesia to that colony, in the period 1652 to 1806. It has both descriptive and analytic functions. Descriptively, it seeks to find out what these thoughts and feelings were. Analytically, it seeks to explain why they came about. The essay contends that the way in which the exiles were perceived can only be understood by locating them in the wider Cape social, economic and political context. Accordingly, it describes elements of this context such as the Dutch colonial rationale, the Cape social structure, its culture and pertinent legal practices. Against this background, it then describes these perceptions. The description is general and specific. It examines perceptions of exiles in general by a study of the social class to which they belonged, namely the free blacks. It particularly focuses on the demography, the legal status and the economic position of this class. The final chapter of the essay is ties empirical backbone, being a specific and detailed examination of what the Cape government thought and felt about prominent individual exiles. As far as possible, it elicits all the evidence concerning these exiles, pertinent to the topic at hand, that is available in the prevailing historical literature. This essay's central thesis is that the exiles were peripheral to the concerns of the Cape government. Perceptions of individual exiles were nuanced and encompassed various attitudes, but at the core the exiles were not seen as important to their vital interests. The class to which the exiles belonged, the free blacks, were always at the demographic, legal, and economic margins of Cape society. The essay contends that the reason the exiles were peripheral in government perceptions was because of the general marginality of Muslims in the Cape context. They lacked numbers, and their role as a religious constituency was undermined by a society that subsumed such a constituency under various other concerns. The thesis is a departure from other studies on Cape Muslim history which this essay contends, tend to emphasise the "differentness" and centrality of the Muslim contribution.
HENRICHS, BERTINA. "L'(im)possible abandon : le changement de langue chez les ecrivains exiles." Paris 7, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA070065.
Full textThis study analyses the change of language among writers in exile, particularly among german authors who fled the third reich. It looks at the conditions and motives for switching from one language to another and analyses how this influences literary writing. It particularly examines the reflective and autobiographical nature of this literature. The study aims to chart the different stages of the writers' bilingualism and psychological integration into the adopted country. It includes a detailed analysis of the works in french of rene schickele and ernst erich noth, as well as the works of klaus mann in english. The study compares this literature to that of contemporary foreing authors who write in french today : nancy huston, georges-arthur goldschmidt and vassilis alexakis
Shain, Yossi. "The frontier of loyalty : political exiles in the age of the nation-State /." Middletown (Conn.) : Wesleyan university press, 1989. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37427124d.
Full textL'introd. est précédemment parue sous une forme un peu différente dans "International migration", XXV, n °4, déc. 1988. Notes bibliogr. p. 169-200. Index.
Migliore, Tara Angelique. "Religious Exiles And Emigrants: The Changing Face Of Zoroastrianism." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002617.
Full textAufderHeide, Erin. "Representations of German-Speaking Exiles and Immigrants in Argentina." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1162858784.
Full textEBERHARD, PASCALE. "Les jeunes ecrivains allemands exiles (1933 1945). Analyse des conditions de la creation litteraire en exil." Paris 8, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080581.
Full textThe first part is dedicated to the analysis of the conditions of literary creation in exile. In this respect the archives of an american organization for support, called "american guild for german cultural freedom", provides revealing material and information about moral and material difficulties of the writers to be. Even if they had already entered the world of literary creation before having left their countries, these young writers had none of their works published. Under these condiditions they had considerable difficulties in making their talents known. The second part deals with the literary motivations of these young writers. The exile could stimulate or, on the contrary, dry up their literary creativity. A part from that, the competition for the literary prize of the american guild was a unique occasion to know the opinion of the older ration of writers - among them thomas mann and lion feuchtwangerabout the works of these young writers gives of that they considered them as the coming new generation in literature. As a conclusion the author shows the impact of this prize on the literary careers of the young candidates. In fact, most of them interrupted their literary activities or, at least, did not play an important role in the german literay history nof the years between 1933 to nowadays
Stachniak, Ewa. "The positive philosophy of exile in contemporary literature : Stefan Themerson and his fiction." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=75677.
Full textWithin emigre literature the works marked by the positive philosophy of exile are treated as a separate form to be distinguished from the works in which exile is only a theme. The positive philosopher of exile bases his optimism on scepticism and the recognition of the arbitrariness of human values. The thesis claims that, although far from being universally true and free from weaknesses, the positive philosophy of exile has a genuine claim to validity as an attempt to contribute to the process of bridging cultural differences without compromising cultural diversity.
Kalantary, Afsaneh. "Exilic yearnings and diasporic homes : an ethnography of memory, place, race and gender among Iranian exiles in Berlin, Germany /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
Full textRumball, Jean. "Anglo-Saxon exiles and outlaws : a philological and historical study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612434.
Full textWiecki, Evita. "Jan Schwarz: Survivors and Exiles. Yiddish Culture after the Holocaust." HATiKVA e.V. – Die Hoffnung Bildungs- und Begegnungsstätte für Jüdische Geschichte und Kultur Sachsen, 2016. https://slub.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A34785.
Full textCarreira, Joaquim. "L' exil romanesque ; suivi de La Sainte-Victoire." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22569.
Full textThe creative work, entitled La Sainte-Victoire, delineates the sojourn in Aix-en-Provence of a portuguese student born in Angola. This experience, marked by loneliness and failure, gradually reveals to him what drives him apart from himself.
Current, Cheris Brewer. "Expanding the "exile model" : race, gender, resettlement, and Cuban-American identity, 1959-1979." Online access for everyone, 2007. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Dissertations/Spring2007/c_current_043007.pdf.
Full textStone, Kamille Lorayne. "Sympathetic exiles : the politics of female community and seclusion, 1644-1705." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424611.
Full textLacki, Glenn Christopher. "A conspiracy of love : exile and the double Heroides." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.669896.
Full textHibbard, Allen E. "Writing differently somewhere else : studies in the American expatriate novel /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9333.
Full textLeek, Sara Elizabeth. "Exil subjectif : language, origins and becoming nomadic in the work of Nancy Huston, Nina Bouraoui and Linda Lé." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.612585.
Full textCortes, Ondina America. "Communion in Diversity? Exploring a Practical Theology of Reconciliation Among Cuban Exiles." Thesis, St. Thomas University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3589421.
Full textThis dissertation articulates a practical theology of reconciliation for, with, and by Cuban Catholic exiles through the development of a faith-based structured process of reconciliation—the Circles of Reconciliation—that addresses personal reconciliation as the basis for social reconciliation. The Circles of Reconciliation draw on sources of the Christian tradition in dialogue with the empirical sciences and Cuban culture. The Circles provide the space to advance a praxis of reconciliation among Cuban exiles. The reflection that emanates from this process is the basis for the concluding insights on a theology and an ethics of reconciliation for this community.
Varela-Lago, Ana Maria. "Conquerors, immigrants, exiles the Spanish diaspora in the United States (1848-1948) /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2008. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3296804.
Full textTitle from first page of PDF file (viewed Mar. 24, 2008). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 299-321).
Makuwa, Phaswane Simon. "The emptiness of Judah in the exilic and early Persian period / P.S. Makuwa." Thesis, North-West University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9672.
Full textThesis (PhD (Old Testament))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
Alonso, García María del Rosario. "Historia, diplomacia y propaganda de las instituciones de la República española en el exilio (1945-1962) /." Madrid : Fundación Universitaria Española, 2004. http://www.gbv.de/dms/sub-hamburg/499505026.pdf.
Full textPalmer, David. ""Buna, it's a gift for well-being" : the impact of the Buna (coffee) ceremony on the mental well-being of Ethiopian forced migrants in London, U.K." Thesis, University of Kent, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.633526.
Full textLindquist, Rowena Cory. "The T'En Exiles : an exploration of discrimination and persecution in High Fantasy novels." Queensland University of Technology, 2007. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/16699/.
Full textMcConnachie, K. M. "Governing exiles : competing sites of law and justice on the Thai-Burma border." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.557958.
Full textMoran, Peter Kevin. "Buddhism observed : western travelers, Tibetan exiles, and the culture of Dharma in Kathmandu /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6522.
Full textFlynn, John F. X. ""By Contraries" ("Ulysses" 15.3928): James Joyce's Rendering of Drama in "Exiles" and "Circe"." W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626257.
Full textHackl, Andreas. "Exiles at home : mobility, exclusion and (in)visibility among Palestinians in Tel Aviv." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/23455.
Full textSnyder, Amanda J. "Pirates, Exiles, and Empire: English Seamen, Atlantic Expansion, and Jamaican Settlement, 1558-1658." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/857.
Full textRodriguez, Verde Pilar. "Le témoignage des exilés espagnols en France : contribution à l'étude de l'autobiographie orale." Université Stendhal (Grenoble ; 1970-2015), 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994GRE39017.
Full textAn analysis of the oral accounts of spanish civil war refugees reveals, through the recurrence of themes, roles and narrative styles, the existence of a collective memory and forms of autobiographical representation. In front of the listener, the refugee uses oral techniques to highlight the story, to keep the audience's attention and to actualize. This genre, as an extension and application of the language, encourages creativity and expression and is particularly appropriate for a study of narrative genesis
John, Henry Richard Lawrence. "Resisting the war in "little brother country" : Vietnam War exiles, identity crisis and Canadianization." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44371.
Full textScalena, Matthew. """I don't get out without a fight"": exploring the life stories of Chilean exiles /." Burnaby B.C. : Simon Fraser University, 2005. http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/2087.
Full textBeck, Angelika. "Spanglish spoken here the influence of Cuban exiles on language and society in Miami /." Trier : Wiss. Verl. Trier, 2008. http://www.lighthouse-unlimited.de.
Full textHirsch, Shirin. "Counter memories of the coup : British solidarity with Chile 1973-1998." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.574335.
Full textPorges, Reingard. "Theodor Wolff, the Writer in Exile 1933-1943." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1515.
Full textAbstract This study examines the effect of exile on Theodor Wolff’s writings from 1933 to 1943. Wolff, a highly assimilated German Jew and renowned journalist and editor-in-chief of the ‘Berliner Tageblatt’ from 1906-1933, was one of the most influential cultural and liberal political commentators during World War I and the Weimar Republic. His political life and influence has been extensively researched, whereas his life in exile has not been explored. Enforced sudden exile in 1933 represented a turning point in Wolff’s life. Following the temporal sequence of Wolff’s ten years in exile, this study is divided into four chapters, starting with the early exile years from 1933 to 1936, followed by the immediate pre World War II period. The third chapter covers the German invasion and occupation of France in 1940. The last chapter sheds light on the two final years from 1942 to 1943. These four periods reflect his exile experience and gradual decline in living conditions, mood, and fundamental changes in his approach to writing. In exile Wolff devotes his time and effort to historical accounts and fiction – a difficult genre for a publicist and journalistic writer. He also embarks on autobiographical writings and during his final years in exile deals with the Jewish catastrophe unfolding in Nazi controlled Europe, raising issues concerning the so called ‘Jewish Problem’. This study draws attention to the effect exile had on an important German- Jewish writer, who in 1943 fell victim to the Holocaust. Wolff’s works, especially his exile writings survived the war and remain relevant today. The findings of this research provide some insight into a turbulent period in German and European history that drastically changed many lives. It also makes a significant contribution to the study of Theodor Wolff and to exile studies in general.
Walsh, Margaret. "Exiles, pilgrims, masquerades : a construction of character and society in some of Wilkie Collins' novels /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arw2258.pdf.
Full textNorton, Timothy Dale. "Academic freedom and faculty careers: A case study of four Nobel laureate exiles, 1930-1940." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618387.
Full textInestrillas, Maria del Mar. "Exilio, memoria y autorrepresentación: la escritura autobiogrαfica de María Zambrano, María Teresa León y Rosa Chacel /." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486463803603242.
Full textShigwedha, Vilho Amukwaya. "Enduring suffering: the Cassinga Massacre of Namibian exiles in 1978 and the conflicts between survivors' memories." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2011. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8576_1346077007.
Full textDuring the peak of apartheid, the South African Defence Force (SADF) killed close to a thousand Namibian exiles at Cassinga in southern Angola. This happened on May 4 1978. In recent years, Namibia commemorates this day, nationwide, in remembrance of those killed and disappeared following the Cassinga attack. During each Cassinga anniversary, survivors are modelled into "
living testimonies"
of the Cassinga massacre. Customarily, at every occasion marking this event, a survivor is delegated to unpack, on behalf of other survivors, "
memories of Cassinga"
so that the inexperienced audience understands what happened on that day. Besides "
survivorsâ testimonies, edited video footage showing, among others, wrecks in the camp, wounded victims laying in hospital beds, an open mass grave with dead bodies, SADF paratroopers purportedly marching in Cassinga is also screened for the audience to witness agony of that day. Interestingly, the way such presentations are constructed draw challenging questions. For example, how can the visual and oral presentations of the Cassinga violence epitomize actual memories of the Cassinga massacre? How is it possible that such presentations can generate a sense of remembrance against forgetfulness of those who did not experience that traumatic event? When I interviewed a number of survivors (2007 - 2010), they saw no analogy between testimony (visual or oral) and memory. They argued that memory unlike testimony is personal (solid, inexplicable and indescribable). Memory is a true picture of experiencing the Cassinga massacre and enduring pain and suffering over the years. In considering survivors' challenge to the visually and orally obscured realities of the Cassinga massacre, this study will use a more lateral and alternative approach. This is a method of attempting to interrogate, among other issues of this study, the understanding of Cassinga beyond the inexperienced economies of this event production. The study also explores the different agencies, mainly political, that fuel and exacerbate the victims' unending pathos. These invasive miseries are anchored, according to survivors, in the disrupted expectations
or forsaken human dignity of survivors and families of the missing victims, especially following Namibiaâs independence in 1990.