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1
Hnylko, O. M. "GEODYNAMICS." GEODYNAMICS 1(10)2011, no. 1(10) (June 28, 2011): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jgd2011.01.047.
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The tectonic units of the Carpathians are considered in terms of the terrain analysis. Carpathathian orogen is build up of three main elements: microcontinental terrains, sutures and flysch-molasse accretionary prism. There are two main terrains: a northern ALCAPA and a southern Tisza-Dacia. Sutures (Fore-Marmarosh suture, Pieniny Klippen Belt and others), marking the ancient oceanic basins, bound these terrains. The Flysch Carpathians are regarded as the Cretaceous-Neogene accretionary prism. Growing the prism was caused by the Alpine subduction of the Carpathian Flysch basin basement beneath both the ALCAPA and Tisza-Dacia terrains.
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Šamajová, Lenka, Jozef Hók, Tamás Csibri, Miroslav Bielik, František Teťák, Bibiana Brixová, Ľubomír Sliva, and Branislav Šály. "Geophysical and geological interpretation of the Vienna Basin pre-Neogene basement (Slovak part of the Vienna Basin)." Geologica Carpathica 70, no. 5 (October 1, 2019): 418–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2019-0024.
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Abstract The Vienna Basin is situated at the contact of the Bohemian Massif, Western Carpathians, and Eastern Alps. Deep borehole data and an existing magnetotelluric profile were used in density modelling of the pre-Neogene basement in the Slovak part of the Vienna Basin. Density modelling was carried out along a profile oriented in a NW–SE direction, across the expected contacts of the main geological structures. From bottom to top, four structural floors have been defined. Bohemian Massif crystalline basement with the autochthonous Mesozoic sedimentary cover sequence. The accretionary sedimentary wedge of the Flysch Belt above the Bohemian Massif rocks sequences. The Mesozoic sediments considered to be part of the Carpathian Klippen Belt together with Mesozoic cover nappes of Alpine and Carpathian provenance are thrust over the Flysch Belt creating the third structural floor. The Neogene sediments form the highest structural floor overlying tectonic contacts of the Flysch sediments and Klippen Belt as well as the Klippen Belt and the Alpine/Carpathians nappe structures.
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Hnylko, O., V. Shevchuk, T. Bozhuk, M. Bogdanova, and S. Hnylko. "GEOLOGICAL/GEOTOURIST OBJECTS OF THE TRANSCARPATHIAN REGION AS A REFLECTION OF THE GEOLOGICAL HISTORY OF THE CARPATHIANS." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (87) (2019): 6–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.87.01.
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Consideration is given to description of important geological objects (observation points) of the southern slope of the Carpathians as reflections of sedimentary, paleogeographic and paleogeodynamic history of the Carpathians formation. Method. Standard method of geological description of outcrops, elements of sedimentological analysis of structural and textural features of rocks, and micropaleontological method are used. Results. A number of key geological objects that reflect the important stages of the geological evolution of the Carpathians in the Transcarpathian region near highways is described. These objects (the observation points in the article) can be represented as geotourist ones. In the first location which is in Yablunytsa Pass, an outcrop of Oligocene "striped" Holovets Limestone; further, along the Trostyanets Stream – Jurrassic pillow-lavas in the front of the Burkut Nappe; along the Kamyanyi Potik Stream – Jurassic- Early Cretaceous volcanogenic-sedimentary succession of the Kamyanyi Potik Nappe; along the Kosivka River – Eocene marls of the Marmarosh Massif sedimentary cover and the Inner Carpathian flysch of the Monastyrets Nappe; in the area of Novoselytsya village in the basin of the Luzhanka River – the Jurassic-Paleogene deposits of the Pieniny Klippen Belt; along the riverbed Tereblya in Zabrid village – Cretaceous-Paleogene deposits of the Marmarosh Klippen Zone are traced. Scientific novelty. The characteristic of a number of geological objects of the Transcarpathian region is supplemented and detailed and their brief description as reflections of sedimentary, paleogeographic and paleogeodynamic history of the Carpathians is presented. These objects reflect subsequent geological events: the birth of the Carpathian sedimentary basin; the formation of sub-oceanic and oceanic crust of the Outer Carpathian Flysch Basin; the formation of Inner Eastern Carpathian nappes and their destruction due to the formation of Early Cretaceous olistostrome of the Maramorosh Klippen Zone; ForeMarmarosh and Pieniny Klippen Belt accretionary prisms growing; and the final Oligocene stage of the Outer Carpathian Basin development. In addition, the range of Paleocene-Eocene paleogeographic elements such as (from the East to the West): (a) the passive margin of the Tisza-Dacia – (b) the deep-water Inner Carpathian Flysch Basin – (c) the Pieniny active edge of the Alcapa Terrane is demonstrated. The route of the geological tour described in the article is recommended to get acquainted with the main features of Geology, Geodynamics and processes of formation of the Carpathians. It can be used for further development of geotourism in the Carpathians.
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Palyuk, Myroslav, Volodymyr Shlapinsky, Albert Medvedev, Bohdan Rizun, and Myroslav Ternavsky. "PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF THE FORMATION OF THE UKRAINIAN SEGMENT OF THE CARPATHIANS." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 3, no. 180 (December 18, 2019): 5–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.03.005.
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In the paper a model of the formation of the folded-covering-block structure of the Carpathians at a time interval that envelops Late-Hercynian and Alpine events is substantiated. Moreover, this concerns the Outer Carpathians, but the whole Carpathians arch was characterized without going into details, a critical estimate is expressed for application of such terms as terrains, accretion prism, suture, subduction and Transcarpathian fault. It is shown that formation of the Carpathians occurred through several stages under the influence of different-directed, manly horizontal, movements, as a result of which was destruction of early formed Hercynian continental crust, laying of geosynclinals troughs, formation and further transformation of the basement of the Flysch Carpathians, its collision with Eurasian continental edge, underling of the latter under flysh complex. After completion of these processes mainly vertical movements took place that lineally formed the structure of the Carpathians as folded-covering-block one. As a result of the last event (Pliocene-Pleistocene), a differential development of intensive fracturing occurred with the influx of hydrocarbons and filling traps formed up.
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Głowacki, Wiktor. "Newly Emerging Geosites in the Polish Western Outer Carpathians as an Asset for Geoeducation and Geotourism." Geoheritage 11, no. 4 (November 19, 2019): 1247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12371-019-00415-9.
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AbstractThis study focuses on Flysch Carpathian river valleys recently reshaped by the fluvial erosion. Geological structures of these mountains are rather monotonous. However, numerous floods that occurred in recent decades and the abrasion of banks of water reservoirs have made many parts of valleys particularly interesting not only for geologists but also for tourists and for local people as a pleasant place for recreation. New outcrops of flysch sediments appear in different spatial and social contexts. On the basis fieldwork observations in years 2009–2018, four case studies of the newly emerging geosites in the Polish Flysch Carpathians are presented. In one case, few people seem to notice the new geosite. In two other cases, local communities have taken initiatives to use the newly emerging geosites for education. The fourth case is the walking path at the foothill of a rocky hill with the reconstructed medieval castle at the top. The owner of the castle arranged this path as an additional commercial attraction for visitors of the castle. The author analyses also possibilities of the formal protection of the newly emerging geosites within the existing Polish nature protection system. Finally lessons that can be learnt from these activities for other Carpathian communities are presented.
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GOLONKA, JAN, MICHAŁ KROBICKI, ANNA WAŚKOWSKA, MAREK CIESZKOWSKI, and ANDRZEJ ŚLĄCZKA. "Olistostromes of the Pieniny Klippen Belt, Northern Carpathians." Geological Magazine 152, no. 2 (July 25, 2014): 269–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756814000211.
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AbstractThe olistostromes form two belts within the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB) in the Northern Carpathians. They mark an early stage of the development of the accretionary prism. The first belt was formed during Late Cretaceous time as a result of subduction of the southern part of the Alpine Tethys. The fore-arc basin originated along this subduction zone, with synorogenic flysch deposits. Huge olistoliths deposited within the Cretaceous–Palaeogene flysch of the Złatne Basin, presently located in the vicinity of the Haligovce village (eastern Slovakia), provide a good example of the fore-arc olistostrome setting. The second belt is related to the movement of the accretionary prism, which overrode the Czorsztyn Ridge during Late Cretaceous–Paleocene time. The destruction of this ridge led to the formation of submarine slumps and olistoliths along the southern margin of the Magura Basin. The Upper Cretaceous – Paleocene flysch sequences of the Magura Basin constitute the matrix of olistostromes. The large Homole block in the Jaworki village represents the best example of the Magura Basin olistolith. Numerous examples of olistoliths were documented in western Slovakia, Poland, eastern Slovakia and Ukraine. The olistostromes formed within the Złatne and Magura basins orginated during the tectonic process, forming the olistostrome belts along the strike of the PKB structure.
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Długosz, Michal. "Landslide susceptibility zoning in the Polish Flysch Carpathians." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 53, no. 2 (December 1, 2009): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2009/0053s3-0049.
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Uchman, Alfred, Richard G. Bromley, and Stanisłlaw Leszczyński. "Ichnogenustreptichnusin eocene flysch, carpathians, Poland: Taxonomy and preservation." Ichnos 5, no. 4 (July 1998): 269–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420949809386425.
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Francesco, Guerrera, Martín Manuel Martín, Martín-Pérez José A., Martín-Rojas Iván, Miclăuş Crina, and Serrano Francisco. "Tectonic control on the sedimentary record of the central Moldavidian Basin (Eastern Carpathians, Romania)." Geologica Carpathica 63, no. 6 (December 1, 2012): 463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-012-0036-0.
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AbstractThe sedimentary record of the Tarcău and Vrancea Nappes, belonging to the flysch accretionary zone of the Eastern Carpathians (Eastern Carpathian Outer Flysch), registered Cretaceous-Miocene events during the evolution of the Moldavidian Basin. Our biostratigraphic data indicate that the deposits studied are younger than previously reported. The comparison of sedimentary record studied with the Late Cretaceous-Early Miocene global eustatic curve indicates that eustatic factor played a secondary role, after the tectonic one. Four main stages of different processes influenced by tectonics are recognized in the sedimentary record: (1) Campanian-Maastrichtian-earliest Paleocene; (2) latest Ypresian-Lutetian; (3) late Chattian-earliest Aquitanian, and (4) late Aquitanian-early Burdigalian. The late Chattian- earliest Aquitanian and late Aquitanian-early Burdigalian records indicate a high tectonic influence. The first event was related to the foredeep stage of the sedimentary domain studied, and the second one to the deformation stage of the same domain. The sedimentary records of tectonic influence recognized during these stages are useful tools for geodynamic reconstructions. The stratigraphic correlation of Tarcău and Vrancea sedimentary records are used
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POPP, Ihor, Petro MOROZ, and Mykhailo SHAPOVALOV. "Lithological-geochemical types of deposits of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch of the Ukrainian Carpathians and conditions of their formaition." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 4, no. 181 (December 27, 2019): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.116.
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The results of lithological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of Cretaceous-Paleogene flysch deposits of the Ukrainian Carpathians are cited here. There are three main lithological-geochemical types of these deposits which differ in the composition of rock-forming ingredients of biogenic origin (SiO2 biog, CaCO3, Corg): grey limestone-clayey-terrigenous (type-I), non-carbonate or low-carbonate-clayey-terrigenous (type-II), and black carbonate-silica-terrigenous-clayey (type-III). The deposits of the first type are attributed to alkaline-oxic (oxic-calcitic), the second – to acid and low-alcaline oxic (oxic with redeposited glauconite), the third – to reducing (siderite, dolomite or ferrodolomite and low-reducing calcitic) and strong by reducing (primary-sulfidic or hydrogen sulfidic) mineralogical-geochemical facies. The forming of the Barremian-Albian (Shypot suite; Spas suite) and Oligocene (Menilite suite; Dusynska suite) organic-rich sediments in the Ukrainian Carpathians we associate with the phase of oceanic anoxic events OAE-1 and OAE-4 in the Carpathian segment of the Tethys, where anoxic reducing environments favoured to fossilization of huge amount of the dispersed organic matter. The structural-fabric features and composition of separate lithological types of silicites and diagenetic concretions of the Lower Cretaceous and Oligocene of the Ukrainian Carpathians show that their sedimentogenesis and diagenesis took place in conditions of strong oxygen deficit. The studied siliceous rocks can be considered as indicators of the anoxic events in the Carpathian segment of Tethys ocean. It is shown, that alcaline-reducting environments which was the most favourable for the diagenetic transformation of sedimentary organic matter in to petroleum hydrocarbons, prevailed in the organic-rich deposits of Oligocene age.
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Bayrak, Galyna, and Andriy Manko. "TOURIST ATTRACTIVENESS OF GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL OBJECTS OF PRIGORGAN PRECARPATHIAN." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS 02, no. 13 (December 30, 2021): 143–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.2.3554.
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Geological, geological-geomorphological, geomorphological and hydrological-geomorphological tourist attractions of the Prigorgan Precarpathian are characterized. They are mostly connected with Boryslav-Pokut (Internal) deflection zone, in which due to tectonic thrusts from the Carpathians flysch formations, massive conglomerates, sandstones come to the surface. Geological attractions are unique and typical outcrops of rocks, which reveal the internal structure and history of geological development of the Earth. Unique is the Pniv section of rocks in the form of folds, which reflects the possibility of traps for the accumulation of oil and gas layers. Other sections present rocks of different ages and lithological-facies composition of the local (Carpathian) stratigraphic scale. A notable attraction is the mud volcano from village Starunia which has been awarded the status of a geological monument. Geological and geomorphological attractions include typical or unique landforms in which the section of rocks is revealed and which have cognitive value. These are the terraces of the Prut, in which the root flysch incisions are revealed; mountain tops – observation points, from which the landscape of the Prigorgan Precarpathians opens and geological outcrops are present; rocks of massive rocks – local attractions, some of which, for example, Manyavsky Blessed Stone, have religious significance. Geomorphological tourist attractions include the leveled surfaces of the Precarpathians – Krasna and Loeva, which reflect the stage of geological development of the Carpathians. Presentable geomorphological objects are powerful pre-Carpathian rivers with strata of Quaternary pebbles and manifestations of modern channel processes. Hydrological-geomorphological objects are low waterfalls, of which there are about a dozen in the region and which cut through massive sandstones, conglomerates or flysch deposits. The attractiveness of the described geological and geomorphological objects of the Prigorgan Precarpathians has been assessed. The evaluation criteria were popularity, proximity to highways, cognitive value, size, landscape. Of the 27 objects, 8 have high, 13 medium and 6 low attractiveness. The described geotourism attractions have scientific, educational, environmental and recreational significance. It is advisable to involve them in the system of tourist routes of the Carpathian region. Key words: geotourism; geological, geomorphological, hydrological, complex attractions; Prigorgan Precarpathian.
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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, Roman Hnatiuk, Myroslav Ivanyk, and Yaroslav Khomyn. "General features of relief of Marmaroshi and Pieniny rocks of Ukrainian Carpathians and their place under system of geomorphological regionalization." Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, no. 42 (October 15, 2013): 204–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2013.42.1860.
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Peculiarities of geological structure and relief of Ukrainian fragment of zones of Marmaroshi and Pieniny rocks located between Outer (Flysch) and Inner Carpathians are considered. Morphostructural differences and common features of relief of these zones are clarified. Territory of zones of Marmaroshi and Pieniny rocks is considered as separate geomorphological region of mountain part of Ukrainian Carpathians – subregion of Intermountain Valleys and Rocky Chains. Expediency of separation and taxonomic class of this geomorphological region are proved, its division into taxonomic units of lower class is realized. Key words: Marmaroshi rocks, Pieniny rocks, klippes (limestone rocks of Jurassic period), morphostructure, geomorphological regionalization, Ukrainian Carpathians.
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Galia, Tomáš, and Václav Škarpich. "Bankfull widths in steep headwaters of the flysch Carpathians." Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Formatio Circumiectus 14, no. 2 (July 2015): 57–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15576/asp.fc/2015.14.2.57.
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Baron, I., V. Cilek, O. Krejci, R. Melichar, and F. Hubatka. "Structure and dynamics of deep-seated slope failures in the Magura Flysch Nappe, outer Western Carpathians (Czech Republic)." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 5, 2004): 549–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-4-549-2004.
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Abstract. Deep-seated mass movements currently comprise one of the main morphogenetic processes in the Flysch Belt of the Western Carpathians of Central Europe. These mass movements result in a large spectrum of slope failures, depending on the type of movement and the nature of the bedrock. This paper presents the results of a detailed survey and reconstruction of three distinct deep-seated slope failures in the Raca Unit of the Magura Nappe, Flysch Belt of the Western Carpathians in the Czech Republic. An interdisciplinary approach has enabled a global view of the dynamics and development of these deep-seated slope failures. The three cases considered here have revealed a complex, poly-phase development of slope failure. They are deep-seated ones with depths to the failure surface ranging from 50 to 110m. They differ in mechanism of movement, failure structure, current activity, and total displacement. The main factors influencing their development have been flysch-bedrock structure, lithology, faulting by bedrock separation (which enabled further weakening through deep weathering), geomorphic setting, swelling of smectite-rich clays, and finally heavy rainfall. All of the slope failures considered here seem to have originated during humid phases of the Holocene or during the Late Glacial.
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Zielińska, Magdalena. "Thermal Maturity of the Grajcarek Unit (Pieniny Klippen Belt): Insights for the Burial History of a Major Tectonic Boundary of the Western Carpathians." Minerals 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2021): 1245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111245.
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The Grajcarek Unit of the Pieniny Klippen Belt (PKB), at the boundary between the Central (Inner) and Outer Carpathians, resulted from the convergence of the ALCAPA (the Alps–Carpathians–Pannonia) block and European plate. The strongly deformed slices of the Grajcarek Unit consist of Jurassic–Cretaceous sedimentary rocks associated with Late Cretaceous–Middle Palaeocene synorogenic wild-flysch, and sedimentary breccias with olistoliths. Maximum burial temperatures and burial depths were estimated based on vitrinite reflectance data. The vitrinite reflectance values were wide scattered through the Grajcarek sedimentary succession, especially in the flysch formations. This is attributed mainly to the depositional effects that affected the vitrinite evolution. The determined maximum burial temperatures were interpreted due to the regional compression controlled by tectonic burial coeval with thrusting and strike-slip faulting. The regional vitrinite reflectance variations might estimate cumulative displacement around the NNW–SSE and oriented the strike-slip Dunajec fault, which is a continuation of the deep fracture Kraków–Myszków fault zone.
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Hnylko, Oleh, Svitlana Hnylko, Maria Kulyanda, and Romana Marchenko. "Tectonic-sedimentary evolution of the frontal part of the Ukrainian Carpathian nappe structure." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 1-2, no. 183-184 (2021): 45–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2021.01-02.045.
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For the first time in the Ukrainian Carpathians, the depths and tectono-sedimentation processes in the north-eastern part of the Outer Carpathian Basin (Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya units) have been restored on the base of sedimentological and microfaunistic studies. It was established that in the Cretaceous-Eocene time, the deep-water (near Calcite Compensation Depth) turbidite and similar sedimentation (turbidites with Bouma textures, grainites, debris-flow deposits), which periodically alternated with (hemi)pelagic sedimentation (red, green and black shales) was dominant here. Sedimentation took place on the continental margin of the the Carpathian branch of the Tethys, where deep-water fans were formed. Cretaceous-Eocene background red and green shales are enriched in buried in situ benthic foraminifera which are similar in taxonomic composition and morphological features to the microfauna of the Carpathian-Alpine and Atlantic regions (deep-water agglutinated foraminifera), which indicate lower bathyal – abyssal depths of flysch sedimentation. Latest Eocene Globigerina Marl horizon contains the foraminiferal assemblage with plankton dominance, which indicates a general shallowing of the Outer Carpathian Basin (middle-upper bathyal conditions above a calcite compensation depth). Oligocene – lowermost Miocene Menilite-Krosno and Polyanytsia formations were accumulated in the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins. In the Miocene, shallow-water molasses were accumulated here. Probably, the tectonic uproot of flysch deposits from its substrate and their synsedymentary thrusting towards the platform caused a significant shallowing of the Skyba and Boryslav-Pokuttya sub-basins starting from the latest Eocene. These processes reflected the growth of the Carpathian frontal nappes at the final orogen formation stage.
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Golonka, Jan, Aleksandra Gawęda, Anna Waśkowska, David Chew, Krzysztof Szopa, and Foteini Drakou. "Tracing Pre-Mesozoic Tectonic Sutures in the Crystalline Basement of the Protocarpathians: Evidence from the Exotic Blocks from Subsilesian Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland." Minerals 11, no. 6 (May 27, 2021): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11060571.
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Pre-Mesozoic exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have potential to unravel the nature of their eroded basement source(s) and to reconstruct the Paleozoic–Precambrian history of the Protocarpathians. Strongly tectonized Campanian–Maastrichtian grey marls in the Subsilesian Nappe of the Outer Western Carpathians in Poland contain a variety of different lithology types, including granitoids and andesites. Petrological investigations coupled with zircon and apatite U-Pb dating were performed on crystalline (subvolcanic) exotic blocks from a locality in the Subsilesian Nappe. U-Pb zircon dating yields magmatic crystallization ages of c. 293 Ma for the microgranitoid and c. 310 Ma for the andesite block, with inherited zircon cores yielding Archean, Paleoproterozoic, Mesoproterozoic and Cadomian ages. Whole rock trace element and Nd isotope data imply that the melt source was composed of a significant Neoproterozoic crustal component in both the microgranite and andesite. The Late Carboniferous–Permian magmatic activity likely continues outside the Carpathian Belt and can be linked to a Late Paleozoic transtensional zone, which is a continuation of the Lubliniec–Kraków Zone that extends under the Carpathians to Moesia. This Late Paleozoic transtensional zone was probably reactivated during the Late Cretaceous under a transpressional regime within the Żegocina tectonic zone, which caused the uplift of the Subsilesian Ridge and intensive erosion.
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Bubik, Miroslav. "Remarks on the quantitative analysis of deep-sea agglutinated foraminiferal taphocoenoses with special attention to tubular astrorhizids." Micropaleontology 65, no. 1 (2019): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.65.1.04.
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A case study based on a wholly agglutinated Nothia-dominated assemblage from Santonian flysch strata of the Silesian Unit, Western Carpathians, shows that standard counting including each fragment of tubular taxa as a specimen leads to extreme exaggeration of their relative abundance. A method of defragmentation of fragmented foraminiferal specimens is here proposed to address this problem. Following the method we can recalculate test fragments into individuals based on comparison with complete tests known from the fossil record or modern analogs. Application of this method on the Nothia-dominated flysch type assemblage from the Carpathians turned it into a Karrerulina - Recurvoides assemblage with Nothia as a scarce element. The proportion of Nothia decreased from 46% to les then 1% and all tubular agglutinated taxa from 74% to 4%. At the same time, the defragmentation substantially increased the Shannon diversity index, equitability, and decreased the dominance in the assemblage. Defragmentation of flysch-type assemblages also decreases the faunal density (abundance) of flysch-type assemblages. A comparison of fragmentary material with complete specimens revealed that a single individual of Nothia sp. 1 produces a few hundred fragments and Rhizammina many hundreds. Simple tubular forms like Bathysiphon, Hyperammina and Saccorhiza break into fewer fragments (5 to 23). The small share of tubular agglutinated taxa in flysch-type assemblage demonstrated by the case study does not mean their small importance. They are an important trophic indicator and they may still be a dominant component in the sense of biomass. They should be treated, however, as a qualitative feature based on their presence rather then as a quantitative feature based on their share of the assemblage. A comparison of the studied assemblage after defragmentation with other wholly agglutinated assemblages from the Carpathians shows just a minor difference between lower slope and abyssal faunas in terms of taxonomic composition and diversity. Exaggeration of tubular taxa share in quantitative analysis should be avoided for more reliable comparisons of sub-CCD assemblages. In applied research, exclusion of tubular fragments from quantitative analysis may be a practical solution instead of time-demanding defragmentation. A count of defragmented assemblage does not differ substantially from a count excluding the tubular taxa. Amore accurate method is establishing the number of fragments per complete test by defragmentation of a typical sample and application of results to estimate the number of individuals.
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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, and Vitaliy Brusak. "RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF HUTSULSHCHYNA AND VERKHOVYNSKYI NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS 02, no. 13 (December 30, 2021): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.2.3546.
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Relief and geological structure of Hutsulshchyna and Verkhovynskyi national natural parks (NNP), located in the south-eastern part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, present four geomorphological regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. Hutsulshchyna NNP is located in Skybovi Carpathians and Precarpathian Upland. Verkhovynskyi NNP is located in Marmaroski Carpathians and Polonynsko-Chornohirski Carpathians. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of national natural parks is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (N-W – S-E) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with morphostructures of higher orders, such as the second and third, and the transverse is associated with the fourth and fifth orders of morphostructure. In the analysis of morphosculpture of NNPs, the types which are characteristic of the Carpathian Flysch and Сrystalline Carpathians are allocated. Mountain ranges and ridges such as Sloboda-Rungurska, Pokuttia med-mountains, Hryniava-Losova and Chyvchyn mountains are characterized by an asymmetrical structure – steep northeastern slopes and declivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Polonynska within Verkhovynskyi NPP as well as Karmaturska (analogue of Pidbeskid) within Hutsulshchyna NPP, and riparian; 2) extra and ancient glacial within Verkhovynskyi NPP and extra glacial within Hutsulshchyna NPP; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. The presence of relict ("dead") river valleys is characteristic of the premountain part of Hutsulshchyna NNP. Modern morphodynamic processes represent by height (tier) differentiation. In the tiers of strongly dissected mеd-mountain and low-mountain relief, the processes of planar erosion, deflux, and linear erosion play an important role in the modelling of the relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Among gravitational processes and block motions, stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded. Key words: National natural park; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.
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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, and Vitaliy Brusak. "RELIEF AND GEOLOGICAL STRUCTURE OF CARPATHIAN BIOSPHERE RESERVE." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 12 (01) 2021 (September 21, 2021): 19–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2021.1.3455.
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The relief and geological structure of Carpathian Biosphere Reserve represent the features of the geological and geomorphological structure of the four geomorphological regions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The block mid-mountains of the Polonynsko-Chornohirsky Carpathians (Chornohora, Svydovets, and Uholsko-Shyrokoluzhansky massifs) and the folded mid-mountains of Marmarosy crystal massif (Marmarosy and Kuziy-Trybushansky massifs) are well protected within the reserve. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of the reserve is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (NW–SE) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of the reserve is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (NW–SE) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with morphostructures of higher orders, such as second and third. The transverse division is associated with the fourth and fifth orders of morphostructures. In the analysis of morphosculpture of the reserve, the types characterized for all regions of Flysch and Crystal Carpathians are allocated. All mountain massifs and ridges could be characterized by an asymmetrical structure, such as steep northeastern slopes and acclivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Polonynska, Pidpolonynska, and riparian; 2) ancient glacial and extra glacial landforms; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. River valleys with a complex of different age terraces represent inherited morphosculpture. Modern morphodynamic processes are represented by height (tier) differentiation. The processes of sheet erosion, deflation, and rill erosion play an important role in the relief modeling for the tiers of strongly dissected mid-mountain relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded among the gravitational processes and block motions. Key words: Carpathian Biosphere Reserve; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.
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Płaczkowska, Eliza, Marek Górnik, Ewelina Mocior, Barbara Peek, Piotr Potoniec, Bartłomiej Rzonca, and Janusz Siwek. "Spatial distribution of channel heads in the Polish Flysch Carpathians." CATENA 127 (April 2015): 240–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2014.12.033.
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Gawęda, Aleksandra, Krzysztof Szopa, Jan Golonka, David Chew, and Anna Waśkowska. "Central European Variscan Basement in the Outer Carpathians: A Case Study from the Magura Nappe, Outer Western Carpathians, Poland." Minerals 11, no. 3 (February 28, 2021): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11030256.
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Exotic crystalline blocks within the Outer Carpathian flysch have the potential to establish the nature of their eroded basement source(s) and thus to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Outer Carpathians. Petrological investigations (including mineral analyses) coupled with zircon and apatite U-Pb dating were performed on an exotic crystalline block within Eocene siliciclastic rocks in the Rača Zone of the Magura Nappe in the Outer Western Carpathians, Poland. This exotic block is a large (c. 1 m diameter) pink porphyritic granitoid block found in the Osielczyk Stream, southeast of Osielec village in the Makowski Beskid mountains. The timing of magmatic crystallization is constrained by a U-Pb zircon age of 315.9 ± 2.6 Ma (MSWD = 0.69), while inherited zircon cores yield Archean (c. 2780 Ma), Cadomian (541.8 ± 6.7 Ma; MSWD = 0.53), Devonian (417 ± 11 Ma; MSWD = 0.57) and Early Variscan (c. 374 Ma) ages. Apatites from the same sample yield a Tera Wasserburg lower intercept U-Pb age of 311.3 ± 7.5 (MSWD = 0.87). The granitoid exhibits geochemical characteristics typical of I-type granites and εNd(316 Ma) = 2.15 (with a TDM model age of 1.18 Ga) and 87Sr/86Sr(316 Ma) = 0.704710. These data suggest a likely source region in the Saxo-Danubian Granite Belt, which possibly formed the basement of the Fore-Magura Ridge.
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Miclăuş, Crina, Francesco Loiacono, Diego Puglisi, and Dorin Baciu. "Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation in the external areas of the Moldavide Basin (Marginal Folds Nappe, Eastern Carpathians, Romania): sedimentological, paleontological and petrographic approaches." Geologica Carpathica 60, no. 5 (October 1, 2009): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-009-0029-9.
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Eocene-Oligocene sedimentation in the external areas of the Moldavide Basin (Marginal Folds Nappe, Eastern Carpathians, Romania): sedimentological, paleontological and petrographic approachesThe Marginal Folds Nappe is one of the most external tectonic units of the Moldavide Nappe System (Eastern Carpathians), formed by Cretaceous to Tertiary flysch and molasse deposits, piled up during the Miocene closure of the East Carpathian Flysch basin, cropping out in several tectonic half-windows, the Bistriţa half-window being one of them. The deposits of this tectonic unit were accumulated in anoxic-oxic-anoxic conditions, in a forebulge depozone (sensuDeCelles & Giles 1996), and consist of a pelitic background sporadically interrupted by coarse-grained events. During the Late Eocene the sedimentation registered a transition from calcareous (Doamna Limestones) to pelitic (Bisericani Beds) grading to Globigerina Marls at the Eocene-Oligocene boundary, and upward during the Oligocene in deposits rich in organic matter (Lower Menilites, Bituminous Marls, Lower and Upper Dysodilic Shales) with coarsegrained interlayers. Seven facies associations were recognized, and interpreted as depositional systems of shallow to deeper water on a ramp-type margin. Two mixed depositional systems of turbidite-like facies association separated by a thick pelitic interval (Bituminous Marls) have been recognized. They were supplied by a "green schists" source area of Central Dobrogea type. The petrography of the sandstone beds shows an excellent compositional uniformity (quartzarenite-like rocks), probably representing a first cycle detritus derived from low rank metamorphic sources, connected with the forebulge relief developed on such a basement. The sedimentation was controlled mainly by different subsidence of blocks created by extensional tectonic affecting the ramp-type margin of the forebulge depozone.
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Oszczypko, Nestor, Marta Oszczypko-Clowes, Jan Golonka, and Michal Krobicki. "Position of the Marmarosh Flysch (Eastern Carpathians) and its relation to the Magura Nappe (Western Carpathians)." Acta Geologica Hungarica 48, no. 3 (November 2005): 259–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ageol.48.2005.3.2.
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Maruta, Michał, and Vitalij Kułynycz. "Petrophysical parameters of the porous space of the “tight” type sandstones of the Skole Unit - Preliminary analysis." E3S Web of Conferences 29 (2018): 00018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20182900018.
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The scientific goal of the paper is the physical characteristics of pore space of the Inocereamian Sandstones located in the Skole Unit as a part of the Outer Carpathians – The Carpathian Flysch. Rock samples were tested using mercury porosimeter. Using this method, cumulative curves of effective porosity were obtained, as well as the pore geometry distribution and pore surface area distribution. geometry and distribution. In the article the authors determine the physical parameters of the pore space for 30 samples, such as porosity, permeability, size and distribution of pore diameter, specific surface area and geometry of a pore space. Preliminary analysis of rock samples is to answer the question of the existence of sandstones capable of forming "tight" type deposits of natural gas and determining their reservoir parameters.
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Francírek, Michal, and Slavomír Nehyba. "Evolution of the passive margin of the peripheral foreland basin: an example from the Lower Miocene Carpathian Foredeep (Czech Republic)." Geologica Carpathica 67, no. 1 (February 1, 2016): 41–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geoca-2016-0003.
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Abstract The Karpatian deposits of the central part of the Carpathian Foredeep in Moravia, which are deeply buried under the Outer Western Carpathians, provide a unique opportunity to reconstruct the former evolutionary stages of this peripheral foreland basin and its paleogeography. A succession of three depositional units characterized by a distinct depositional environment, provenance, and partly also foreland basin depozone, have been identified. The first depositional unit represents a proximal forebulge depozone and consists of lagoon-estuary and barred coastline deposits. The source from the “local” crystalline basement played here an important role. The second depositional unit consists of coastline to shallow marine deposits and is interpreted as a forebulge depozone. Tidalites recognized within this unit represent the only described tide-generated deposits of the Neogene infill of the Carpathian Foredeep basin in Moravia. The source from the basin passive margin (the Bohemian Massif) has been proved. The third depositional unit is formed by offshore deposits and represents a foredeep depozone. The provenance from both passive and active basin margin (Silesian Unit of the Western Carpathian Flysch Zone) has been proved. Thus, both a stepwise migration of the foredeep basin axis and shift of basin depozones outwards/cratonwards were documented, together with forebulge retreat. The shift of the foreland basin depozones more than 50 km cratonward can be assumed. The renewed thrusting along the basin’s active margin finally completely changed the basin shape and paleogeography. The upper part of the infill was deformed outside the prograding thrust front of flysch nappes and the flysch rocks together with a strip of Miocene sediments were superposed onto the inner part of the basin. The width and bathymetric gradient of the entire basin was changed/reduced and the deposition continued toward the platform. The basin evolution and changes in its geometry are interpreted as a consequence of the phases of the thrust-sheet stacking and sediment loading in combination with sea-level change.
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Kravchuk, Yaroslav, and Vitaliy Brusak. "GEOLOGICAL-GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF NATIONAL NATURAL PARKS OF THE NORTH-WESTERN PART OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 11(01) (January 13, 2021): 184–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2020.1.3208.
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In the stydy an analysis of the geological structure and relief of Uzhansky, “Skolivsky Beskydy”, and “Boykivshchyna” national natural parks (NNP), located in the north-western part of the Ukrainian Carpathians, is presented. Uzhansky NNP is located within the Polonynsko-Chornohirska and Vododilno-Verkhovyna geomorphological regions, “Skolivski Beskydy” NNP is situated in the Skibovy Carpathians, and the newly created “Boykivshchyna” NNP is located within the Vododilno-Verkhovyna and Skybovi Carpathians. The analysis of the morphostructure and morphosculpture of national parks is carried out taking into account the longitudinal (N-W–S-E) and transverse divisions of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The longitudinal division is associated with higher morphostructures of higher orders – the second and third, with the transverse is associated with the fourth and fifth morphostructures. In the analysis of morphosculpture of national parks, the types which are characteristic of the Carpathian Flysch belt are allocated. All mountain ranges and ridges are characterized by an asymmetrical structure – steep northeastern slopes and declivous southwestern slopes. The relic morphosculpture is represented by: 1) fragments of denudation surfaces of different ages such as Beskid, Pidbeskid, and riparian; 2) extra glacial and firn glaciations; 3) areas of ancient longitudinal valleys. Inherited morphosculpture is represented by river valleys with a complex of terraces of different ages. Modern morphodynamic processes represent by height (tier) differentiation. In the tiers of strongly dissected mid-mountain and low-mountain relief, the processes of planar erosion, deflux, and linear erosion play an important role in the modeling of the relief. The lower tier of the terraced and non-terraced bottoms of the valleys are associated with the processes of leaching and erosion as well as a significant accumulation of erosion products and mudflows. Among gravitational processes and block motions, stabilized and active displacements are the most recorded. Keywords: National natural park; Ukrainian Carpathians; relief; morphostructure; morphosculpture.
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Dolníček, Zdeněk, Michaela Krejčí Kotlánová, and Rostislav Koutňák. "Vliv diagenetických procesů na asociaci těžkých minerálů v pískovcích z lokality Slivotín (ždánická jednotka, flyšové pásmo Vnějších Západních Karpat, Česká republika)." Bulletin Mineralogie Petrologie 29, no. 1 (2021): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46861/bmp.29.027.
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An electron microprobe study of polished sections prepared from a sample of fine-grained sandstone from the locality Slivotín (Ždánice-Hustopeče Formation, Ždánice Unit, Flysch Belt of the Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic) allowed to yield in addition to data on chemical composition also the detailed information on in situ textural relationships of individual minerals. During our study, emphasis was given to accessory phases belonging to the translucent heavy mineral fraction. The detrital garnet (Alm36-82Grs2-45Prp2-22Sps0-15) was extensively dissolved and replaced by calcite cement from its margins and along the cracks. Detrital fluorapatite was dissolved in a similar way, however, dissolution episode was followed by growth of authigenic rims composed of carbonate-fluorapatite. Other observed heavy minerals (zircon, chrome spinel, TiO2 phase, monazite, tourmaline) probably remained unaltered by diagenetic processes. The chemical composition of chrome spinels varies mostly between magnesiochromite and chromite, whereas spinel is very rare. The chemical composition of garnets and chrome spinels is comparable with published data from Czech, Polish and Slovak parts of the Flysch Belt of the Western Carpathians, and indicates the primary source of detrital material in rocks of deeper parts of orogen, characterized especially by the presence of catazonal metamorphites and almost lacking volcanic rocks. Redeposition of heavy minerals from older sediments cannot also be ruled out. The pronounced diagenetic alteration of garnet, if not very scarce in the area of Flysch Belt, could help to explain the earlier observations of wide fluctuations of contents of garnet in heavy mineral concentrates.
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Нiletskyy, Joseph, and Nadiya Timofijchuk. "PHYSICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL ZONING OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS FOR AIMS OF COGNITIVE TOURISM." GEOGRAPHY AND TOURISM, no. 53 (2019): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2308-135x.2019.53.104-110.
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The purpose of the article is to approve the established scheme of macro-district subdivision of the Carpathian Mountain Country and the worked out approaches of the Ukrainian geographers to more detailed physical and geographical regionalization of the Ukrainian Carpathians. The study is based on the results of a comparative analysis of the existing different schemes of complex and different directions of sectoral zoning, individual natural components, own observations during numerous expeditions and data of the latest scientific publications on the geology and geomorphology of the Carpathians. By imposing a boundary between the Inner and Outer Carpathians, which is clearly displayed on the state geological maps of the scale 1: 200 000, on the gypsum base of topographic maps, which were analyzed in 3D format of the program Google Earth, the boundary between the provinces of the Eastern Carpathians was agreed and described. At the same time, the orographic lines and the character of the modern relief of the mountain territories were taken into account as much as possible. The fact that the described and displayed boundary of the sub-provinces is quite consistent with the boundary between the low-mountainous and mid-mountainous landscapes, which in its time was reflected on H.P. Milller. and O.M. Fedirk’s landscape map, confirms that other components of nature (soils, vegetation) along the line are changing some of their specific features. The scientific novelty of the article is that, as a result of the zoning, the border between the sub-provinces of the Outer East Carpathians and the Inner East Carpathians is specified in Ukraine, four natural areas of the Ukrainian Carpathians are assigned to the Exterior (Flysch) Carpathians and three to the Inner Carpathians. The proposed zoning approach has led to some redistribution of territories between the natural areas of the Transcarpathian Lowlands and the Polonina-Montenegro Carpathians, as well as between the natural-geographical areas and sub-regions of the Inner Carpathians. Transformations have undergone some names of taxonomic units of physical and geographical zoning, which in the new version more accurately reflect their location and specific features of natural conditions. Practical significance of the obtained results is that since being duly substantiated the proposed zoning of the Ukrainian Carpathians will be useful for both professionals and travel enthusiasts. Taking into account the specific nature of the sub-provinces, it can also serve as a substantial basis for the development of projects to optimize the environmental management in the region.
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Samec, Pavel, Tomáš Mikita, and Aleš Bajer. "Catenas of Grain Size and Chemical Forest Soil Properties in Outer Western Carpathians of the Czech Republic Characterized by Principal Component Analysis." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 67, no. 3 (2019): 733–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun201967030733.
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More frequent occurence of hillwashes in altitudinal‑differentiated landscapes causes changes of relationships among terrain, bedrock and soils. The aim of the study was to characterize catenas of the terrain‑bedrock‑soil relationships by PCA of forest soil properties generalized into 2 × 2 km grid in Outer Western Carpathians (OWC) of the Czech Republic. The spatial relationships of the soil catenas with terrain and rocks were verified by ANOVA. Typification of the catenas was carried out by frequencies in the presented terrain and bedrock types according to biogeographical division system. Base saturation, CaO and P2O5 divide forest soils in OWC to ten catenas. The catenas characterized by moderate correspondence of soils and bedrock are concentrated in Outer Depressions, while catenas with moderate correspondence of soils and terrain are concentrated in Flysch Range. The Outer Carpathian Depressions are covered predominantly by floodplains, flat waterlogged, loess‑covered and luvic hillycountries (67% of the grid). The Flysch Range is covered predominantly by proluvial slopes, broken hillcountries and submountain to mountain slopes (65% of the grid). The Floodplains, broken nutrient‑medium hillycountries and mountain slopes have medium to marked soil horizon properties heterogeneity. The flat landforms, proluvial and submountain slopes have moderate soil properties heterogeneity. The statistical significant differences between values of properties at A and B horizons suggest rate of an surface matter translocation effect on the soil catena heterogeneity.
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Godová, Dominika, Miroslav Bielik, and Barbora Šimonová. "The deepest Moho in the Western Carpathians and its respective crustal density model (CEL12 section)." Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy 48, no. 3 (September 1, 2018): 255–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/congeo-2018-0011.
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Abstract The main aim of this study is to compile 2-D density model of the CELEBRATION 2000 profile CEL12, which is based on seismic refraction data. The profile CEL12 crosses the External Western Carpathians Flysch zone and is located in the southern part of Poland. The general feature of the resultant density model shows significant changes in the crustal thickness. The Moho depth changes in the interval from 31 km to 43 km. The interpreted 43 km crustal thickness over a 60 km section of the profile results in the discovery of an area, which represents the thickest crust in the entire West Carpathians. This area is situated ~50 km north-east from the High Tatras in Poland.
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Gasiński, M. Adam, Alexandra Olshtynska, and Alfred Uchman. "Late Maastrichtian foraminiferids and diatoms from the Polish Carpathians (Ropianka Formation, Skole Nappe): a case study from the Chmielnik-Grabówka composite section." Acta Geologica Polonica 63, no. 4 (December 1, 2013): 515–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agp-2013-0022.
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ABSTRACT Gasiński, M.A., Olshtynska, A. and Uchman, A. 2013. Late Maastrichtian foraminiferids and diatoms from the Polish Carpathians (Ropianka Formation, Skole Nappe): a case study from the Chmielnik-Grabowka composite section. Acta Geologica Polonica, 63(4), 515-525. Warszawa. Well-preserved foraminiferids have been found in the Chmielnik-Grabowka section (Skole Nappe, Polish Carpathians). The Abathomphalus mayaroensis (late Maastrichtian) and Racemiguembelina fructicosa (earlylate Maastrichtian) standard planktonic foraminiferal biozones have been recognized, based on the occurrence of their respective index species. Sediments of the R. fructicosa Zone contain diatoms, which are a rare component of Cretaceous flysch microfossil assemblages in the Carpathians. The diatom frustules and some foraminiferid tests are pyritized, probably after burial in the sediment, below the redox boundary or in the oxygen- deficient microenvironment inside the frustules or tests of microfossils; the presence of trace fossils and bioturbational structures in the same bed indicate an oxygenated sea floor.
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Kuhnt, Wolfgang. "Deep-water agglutinated foraminifera from the Lower Cretaceous (Neocomian) ‘Complex à Aptychus’ Formation (Corridor de Boyar, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain)." Journal of Micropalaeontology 14, no. 1 (April 1, 1995): 37–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.14.1.37.
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Abstract. The oldest deep-water sediments of the flysch units in the western part of the Betic Cordillera (southern Spain) arc red and green pelagic claystones with intercalated siliciclastic and carbonate turbidites, ranging from Berriasian to Barremian in age. Autochthonous and redeposited benthic foraminiferal assemblages were studied in outcrops of this ‘Complex à Aptychus’ Formation in the ‘Corridor de Boyar’ near Grazalema. The assemblage of the autochthonous red and green claystones is wholly comprised of agglutinated forms, reflecting deposition beneath the calcium carbonate compensation depth (CCD). Compared to coeval abyssal and deep bathyal assemblages from the NW Australian Margin (Eastern Tethys), the Polish Outer Carpathians and the North Atlantic, the assemblage from the Betic Flysch Zone is more related to its Tethyan equivalents and may represent a truly abyssal Early Cretaceous sub-CCD environment.
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Rożek, Agnieszka, Paweł Kowalczyk, and Dorota Wolicka. "Revealing Sulfate-Reducing Microorganisms in Oilfield Waters (Flysch Carpathians, South-eastern Poland)." Geomicrobiology Journal 30, no. 3 (January 30, 2013): 268–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01490451.2012.668609.
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Pánek, Tomáš, Filip Hartvich, Vlasta Jankovská, Jan Klimeš, Petr Tábořík, Miroslav Bubík, Veronika Smolková, and Jan Hradecký. "Large Late Pleistocene landslides from the marginal slope of the Flysch Carpathians." Landslides 11, no. 6 (January 18, 2014): 981–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10346-013-0463-8.
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Neubauer, Franz, and Ana-Voica Bojar. "Origin of sediments during Cretaceous continent—continent collision in the Romanian Southern Carpathians: preliminary constraints from 40Ar/39Ar single-grain dating of detrital white mica." Geologica Carpathica 64, no. 5 (October 1, 2013): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/geoca-2013-0025.
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Abstract Single grains of detrital white mica from the lowermost Upper Cretaceous Sinaia Flysch have been dated using the 40Ar/39Ar technique. The Sinaia Flysch was deposited in a trench between the Danubian and Getic microcontinental pieces after the closure of the Severin oceanic tract. The Danubian basement is largely composed of a Panafrican/Cadomian basement in contrast to the Getic/Supragetic units with a Variscan-aged basement, allowing the distinction between these two blocks. Dating of detrital mica from the Sinaia Flysch resulted in predominantly Variscan ages (329 ± 3 and 288 ± 4 Ma), which prove the Getic/Supragetic source of the infill of the Sinaia Trench. Subordinate Late Permian (263 ± 8 and 255 ±10 Ma), Early Jurassic (185 ± 4 and 183 ± 3 Ma) and Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous (149 ± 3 and 140 ± 3 Ma) ages as well as a single Cretaceous age (98 ± 4 Ma) are interpreted as representing the exposure of likely retrogressive low-grade metamorphic ductile shear zones of various ages. Ductile shear zones with similar 40Ar/39Ar white mica ages are known in the Getic/Supragetic units. The Cretaceous ages also show that Cretaceous metamorphic units were already subject to erosion during the deposition of the Sinaia Flysch.
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Škarpich, Václav, Tomáš Galia, and Jan Hradecký. "Channel bed adjustment to over bankfull discharge magnitudes of the flysch gravel-bed stream – case study from the channelized reach of the Olše River (Czech Republic)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie 60, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 327–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfg/2016/0395.
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The rivers draining the Czech part of the Flysch Carpathians have deeply incised their beds over the last 60 years. This paper focuses on the Olše River in the Czech part of the Flysch Carpathians and summarises the results of the increased kinetic energy of flowing water of contemporary channel based on the analyse of hydraulic parameters of channel. The comparison of geodetic measurements from 1960 and 2003 was used together with the assessment of aerial photos from 1950s and present. The average width of the studied reach of the active Olše R. channel narrowed from 35 m in 1955 to 24 m in 2010. In some locations, the original river bed has lowered as much as 2.3 m between the years 1960 and 2003. Morphology of the Olše River channel has accelerated these erosion processes. The main reason for this is an adjustment of water flow dynamics. The unit stream power and hydraulic radius values have increased two to three times from 1960 to 2003 for 5, 20, 50 and 100-recurrence interval discharge. Incision of channel greater than 0.10–0.21m in the studied period may reflect change in cross-sectional geometry and lower than 0.10–0.21m may reflect other factors such as sediment disruption operating in the basin (e.g.with land-use changes, gravel mining etc.).
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Dolníček, Zdeněk, Tomáš Urubek, and Kamil Kropáč. "Post-magmatic hydrothermal mineralization associated with Cretaceous picrite (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): interaction between host rock and externally derived fluid." Geologica Carpathica 61, no. 4 (August 1, 2010): 327–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-010-0019-y.
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Post-magmatic hydrothermal mineralization associated with Cretaceous picrite (Outer Western Carpathians, Czech Republic): interaction between host rock and externally derived fluidMineralogy, fluid inclusions, C, O, S, Sr isotopes and trace elements have been studied in amygdule and vein mineralization hosted by the Lower Cretaceous effusive picrite at Hončova hůrka (Silesian Unit, Flysch Belt of the Outer Western Carpathians). Besides dominating dolomite, magnesite, siderite, quartz, calcite, chlorite, glauconite, fluorite, barite, pyrite and millerite were also identified. The parent fluids are characterized by low temperatures (<50-170°C), low salinities (0.4 to 3.7 wt. % NaCl eq.), low content of strong REE-complexing ligands, δ18O, δ13C and δ34S ranges of 0/+ 14 ‰ SMOW, 0/-9 ‰ PDB and ~0 ‰ CDT, respectively, and initial87Sr/86Sr ratios much more radiogenic (0.7060 to 0.7068) than those of host picrite (0.7042 and 0.7046). The fluids are interpreted to be predominantly of external origin, derived from mixing of seawater with diagenetic waters produced by dewatering of clay minerals in the associated flysch sediments. The isotope and REE signatures indicate interaction of at least a part of fluids with sedimentary carbonates. The interaction of fluids with host picrite led to strong alteration of rock-forming minerals and leaching of some elements (Mg, Ni, S, partly also REE) that widely participated during precipitation of vein- and amygdule-hosted mineral phases.
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PAVLYUK, Myroslav, Volodymyr SHLAPINSKY, Olesya SAVCHAK, Myroslav TERNAVSKY, Lyubov HUZARSKA, Nazar TRISKA, and Nataliia OHRENDA. "PROSPECTS FOR OIL AND GAS PRESENCE IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN PART OF THE INNER FLYSCH COVERS OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." Geology and Geochemistry of Combustible Minerals 4, no. 181 (December 27, 2019): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/ggcm2019.04.005.
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We have studied the Cretaceous and Paleogene flysch of the Duklya-Chornohora, Burkut, Rakhiv, Marmarosh and Pieniny covers that in the south-eastern sector of the Ukrainian Carpathians near the Romanian border (Hutsulian segment) distinguish themselves by very inclined overthrust. Spatially the given tectonic units are in so-called hydrothermal fluid, unfavourable on the whole as to the presence of hydrocarbons in it on a large scale. But, within its limits the plots, small in area, with hydrocarbon prevalence in the gas composition are distinguished. Prospects for gas presence in the region should be connected with those of them that spatially are drown to the Transcarpathian trough. One such section is the Velikobychkovk sector of the Monastyretsky sub-cover, where it is proposed to lay a parametric well 1-Velikiy Bychkov, in order to reveal the possible para-autochthon of the Vezhany sub-cover and the Paleogene of the Dilovetsky sub-cover. In addition, according to seismic data, a significant rise in the pre-flysch base is forecast in this section of the Carpathians under the Marmarosh cover. The roof of this foundation at the location of the recommended well 1-Velikiy Bychkov may be at a depth of 5000–5500 m. It may be represented by the youngest deposits of the pre-Alpine complex – the Triassic strata, industrially oil and gas saturated in the neighboring countries.
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Gasiński, M., and Alfred Uchman. "The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in turbiditic deposits identified to the bed: a case study from the Skole Nappe (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 4 (August 1, 2011): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0025-8.
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The Cretaceous-Paleogene boundary in turbiditic deposits identified to the bed: a case study from the Skole Nappe (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)The Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-T) boundary has been recognized in turbiditic sediments of the Ropianka Formation in the Skole Nappe (Bąkowiec section) on the basis of planktonic foraminiferids with an accuracy of 40 cm. Such precise determination of the K-T boundary for the first time in the Carpathians and in turbiditic flysch sediments in general was possible due to the successive occurrence of the Early Paleocene planktonic taxa of the P1 Zone above the latest MaastrichtianAbathomphalus mayaroensisZone with theRacemiguembelina fructicosaSubzone. The trends in composition of the latest Maastrichtian foraminiferal assemblages are similar to the Gaj section from the adjacent thrust sheet, probably due to the influence of the same paleoenvironmental factors.
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OLESIUK, Grzegorz, Jan PRAŻAK, Elżbieta PRZYTUŁA, and Piotr Freiwald. "THE IDEA OF RELOCATION OF DISPOSABLE RESOURCES IN WATER MANAGEMENT AREAS WITH REGARD TO GROUNDWATER-DEPENDENT ECOSYSTEMS – THE WISŁOKA CATCHMENT CASE STUDY." Biuletyn Państwowego Instytutu Geologicznego 471 (October 1, 2018): 127–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0012.4928.
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In 2013–2019, PGI-NRI carries out a project documenting groundwater disposable resources for conducting water-economic balances. Among the balance areas documented directly by the PGI-NRI is the Wisłoka catchment and part of the Wielopolka catchment covering the Flysch Carpathians. The geological and structural structure of the Wisłoka catchment brings about the diversification of hydrogeological conditions, and the largest amounts of groundwater are found in the Quaternary formations of river valleys. Disposable resources were located within them due to the thick (considering the Carpathian conditions) packages of well-permeable sediments. In a situation when part of disposable resources (calculated by the hydrological method) could not be used in a given drainage basin, due to exceeded permissible groundwater table reduction in protected areas, it was decided to transfer unused reserves to balance areas of midwives in lower sections of rivers in a manner that does not interfere with the protection of their minimum acceptable flows.
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Górniak, Katarzyna. "Origin of marls from the Polish Outer Carpathians: lithological and sedimentological aspects." Mineralogia Polonica 42, no. 4 (October 21, 2012): 165–297. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10002-011-0012-9.
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AbstractOutcrops of marls, occurring within the sandstone-shaly flysch deposits of the Polish part of Outer Carpathians, considered to be locus typicus of these rocks, were described, measured and sampled. Lithologic features of marls, representing 15 complexes of different age and occurring in 15 complexes of various tectonic units, are presented (Fig. 1, 2). The present studies were concerning Jurassic marls from the Silesian Unit (Goleszów Marls), Upper Cretaceous marls from the Skole and Sub-Silesian Units (Siliceous-Fucoid and Węgierka Marls and Węglowka, Frydek, Jasienica and Zegocina Marls respectively), and Eocene-Oligocene marls from the Magura, Fore-Magura and Skole Units (Łącko, Zembrzyce, Budzów, Leluchów and Niwa, as well as Grybów and Sub-Cergowa and Dynów Marls respectively). The former opinions on lithology, age, formal subdivision, sedimentation conditions and genesis of these rocks are discussed (Table 1, 2; Fig. 1). Detailed description of the above mentioned marl-bearing complexes are presented and for each of them the typical lithological features are determined (Tables 3 - 20). The results of profiling are presented against the background of geological studies of the Carpathian marls. The results of lithologic studies are compared to form a classification scheme and are used as the basis of distinguishing genetic types of marls. Moreover, the interpretation of the conditions of sedimentation of these rocks is presented.According to the present author’s studies, in the outcrops of marls considered to be locus typicus of the above mentioned rocks, there are both monolithic and polylithic complexes exposed. The polylithic complexes contain apart from marls intercalations of arenaceous-shaly flysch (Table 19). Event sedimentation of marly facies, appearing at different times and in various parts of the Carpathian basin is the result of periodically repeating conditions favouring the sedimentation of marls. Carpathian marls seem to be lithologically diversified. This is a natural for these rocks, uniting in variable proportions the features of limestones, clays, siliceous and clastic rocks. Depending on the proportions of these components, they display the features of the dominant one. The lithologies of Carpathian marls do not depend on their age and position in the sedimentation basin. Nevertheless, apart from visible differentiation of marls they show many common lithologic features: fine grain size, in general corresponding to silty-clayey fraction, variable but usually considerable thickness of beds of nonarenaceous variety of marls (0.5 - 1000 cm) and small thickness of arenaceous one (2 - 62 cm). In the majority of marly complexes, the arenaceous variety, starved ripplemarks, thin sandstone beds and sandy lamines occur in bottom parts of marly beds. The majority of marls display variably developed lamination and the occurrence of burrows (Table 19). Taking into account the Ghibaudo’s (1992) classification it was estimated that the marls in question can be assigned to three finest grained lithofacies: M (mud beds), MT (mud-silty couplets) and MS (mud-sand couplets) as well as to the MyG facies (muddy gravel). These lithofacies appear in marly complexes in various proportions (Table 20). Internal structures of beds are evidence of settling grains from suspension (depositional interval e2), interrupted with different intensity by deposition from traction (depositional intervals b, d and e1), and reworking of sediments by weak bottom currents (depositional intervals c and c0). The occurrence of similar lithologic features in marls of different age that come from different tectonic units is evidence of the repeating of similar sedimentation conditions, favouring the development of marly facies, at different times and in different parts of sedimentation basin of the Outer Carpathians.According to the present author’s analysis, there is a distinct relationship between the appearance of marls and tectonic evolution of the Outer Carpathian basin. Marls initiate sedimentation, indicate reconstruction stages and are closing the deposition in the Outer Carpathian basin (Fig. 1). Marls appear in the Polish part of Outer Carpathians in Upper Jurassic, initiating sedimentation in the northern Tethyan domain. Subsequently, they occur within Upper Cretaceous sandy-shaly flysch, indicating the reconstitution stage of Outer Carpathian basin and from Eocene to Oligocene are completing the deposition in successively closing basins (Fig. 1). The appearance of marls indicates the stages of tectonic evolution of the Outer Carpathians. The opening and reconstitution of a basin is accompanied by appearance of marls distinguished as preorogenic (Goleszów, Siliceous-Fucoid, Węgierka. Frydek and Żegocina Marls), their closing - synorogenic marls (Lącko, Budzów, Zembrzyce, Leluchów, Niwa, Grybów, Sub-Cergowa and Dynów Marls). Marls represent sediments redeposited from shelves to deeper parts of basins in the form of muds (M, MT and MS facies) and as olistostromes and olistoliths (MyG facies) (Tables 19, 20). Marls redeposited in the form of olistoliths appear in the stage of opening of the Outer Carpathian basin on the boundary of the Jurassic/Cretaceous period (Goleszow Marls) and in the stage of its Upper Cretaceous reconstitution (Baculite and Zegocina? Marls). In the complexes containing redeposited marls in the form of muds, submarine slumps occur (Table 19). These features indicate tectonic disquiet accompanying deposition of marls. Among the marls studied, dark coloured rocks appear (black, bluish-gray, greenish-gray) and olive and light- coloured (creamy, beige), as well as variegated and red (Table 19). The differentiation of colours indicates sedimentation of Carpathian marls both in oxygenated environments and those that are oxygen-depleted. The analysis of evolution of the Carpathian basins indicates that they were starved basins during sedimentation of marls. Limited supply of clastic material in such basins suggests the discussion on the source of the clay minerals - one of essential components of marls. The occurrence of pyroclastic strata in sediments of the same age (Fig. 1) suggests their origin to be related to volcanic material.The data of other authors, and the detailed profiling by the present author of outcrops that are considered to be locus typicus of marls and the appearance of which indicates a distinct correlation to tectonics of the Outer Carpathians, allowed to the present author to systematize and broaden the geological knowledge concerning the evolution of the marly facies in the northern part of the Tethyan Ocean. The conditions of sedimentation of marls deduced from the analysis of evolution of sedimentation basin of the Outer Carpathians and from lithologic data can be summarized as follows:- marls appear episodically in the Outer-Carpathian basin (mono- and polylithic complexes) and determine the stages of its tectonic evolution; they initiate the stages of opening and indicate the reconstitution of basins (preorogenic marls) and closing sedimentation cycle (synorogenic marls);- marls were deposited under conditions of tectonic disquiet (the presence of MyG facies), accompanied by volcanic activity (occurrence if pyroclastic rocks within chronostratigraphic equivalents of the marls studied);- marly deposits were formed both under oxidizing and oxygen-depleted conditions, i.e. when the availability of oxygen in the bottom sediments was limited (variable colouration);- marls represent the deposits of debris flows (MyG facies) redeposited from shelves in lithified form into zones that are situated close to the basin margins (olistoliths) and as resuspensed shelf muds accumulating within basinal sediments in the seafloor depressions (trap sediments) by suspension settling mechanism and periodically reworked by currents (M, MT, and MS facies).
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Křížek, Marek. "Surface and Undersurface Phenomena in the Čecher Hill in the Hostýnské vrchy Hills." Geografie 104, no. 3 (1999): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1999104030201.
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The author describes surface and undersurface landforms in the Čecher Hill (the Outer Western (Flysch) Carpathians) and outlines their origin and development. The main part of the article focuses on periglacial and pseudokarst (above all a pseudokarst cave in the Čecher Hill) landforms in this area. It also describes periglacial processes in the Pleistocene and the processes of humid character in the Holocene, which formed these landforms. The author takes notice of the relationship between landforms and geological conditions in the area.
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Rajchel, Jacek, and Alfred Uchman. "Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thick-bedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland)." Geologica Carpathica 63, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 107–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-012-0009-3.
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Ichnology of Upper Cretaceous deep-sea thick-bedded flysch sandstones: Lower Istebna Beds, Silesian Unit (Outer Carpathians, southern Poland) The Ophiomorpha rudis ichnosubfacies of the Nereites ichnofacies was recognized in thick- and very thick-bedded sandstones of the Lower Istebna Beds (Campanian-Maastrichtian), which were deposited mainly in deep-sea clastic ramps and aprons. It contains mainly Ophiomorpha rudis (produced by deeply burrowing decapod crustaceans) and rarely Zoophycos isp. and Chondrites isp. The impoverished Paleodictyon ichnosubfacies of the Nereites ichnofacies is present in the medium- and thin-bedded packages of flysch sandwiched between the thick- and very thick-bedded sandstones. They contain Chondrites isp., Phycosiphon incertum, Planolites isp., Arthrophycus strictus, Thalassinoides isp., Ophiomorpha annulata, O. rudis, Scolicia strozzii and Helminthorhaphe flexuosa. The relatively low diversity of this assemblage is influenced by limited areas covered by muddy substrate, which favours deep-sea tracemakers, and partly by a lowered oxygenation in the sediment.
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Zydroń, Tymoteusz, Anna Bucała, and Piotr Demczuk. "Analysis of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in Jamne and Jaszcze stream valleys (Polish Carpathians) – preliminary results." Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW. Land Reclamation 48, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 27–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sggw-2016-0003.
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Abstract Analysis of rainfall-induced shallow landslides in Jamne and Jaszcze stream valleys (Polish Carpathians) - preliminary results. Preliminary shallow landslide susceptibility mapping of the Jamne and Jaszcze stream valleys, located in the Polish Flysch Carpathians, is presented in the paper. For the purpose of mapping, there were used SINMAP and Iverson’s models integrating infiltration and slope stability calculations. The calibration of the used models parameters, obtained from limited field and laboratory tests, was performed using data from 8-9 July 1997, when as a consequence of a very intense rainfall, 94 shallow landslides were observed on meadows and arable lands. A comparison of the slope stability calculation results and the localisation of the noticed shallow landslides showed satisfactory agreement between localisation of the observed and computed unstable areas. However, it was concluded that better simulation results were obtained using Iverson’s model.
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Baliniak, Weronika. "Paleocene-Eocene calcareous agglutinated foraminifera from slope marl assemblages of the Fore-Magura Thrust Sheet (Polish Outer Carpathian)." Micropaleontology 64, no. 6 (2018): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47894/mpal.64.6.04.
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Organic-cemented benthic agglutinated foraminifera are a highly dominant component of flysch-type DWAF assemblages, while agglutinated foraminifera that use calcareous cement are rare or almost absent. However, in mixed assemblages, consisting of both benthic and planktonic forms, the agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages usually include calcareous agglutinants and display higher taxonomic diversity than coeval flysch-type agglutinated foraminiferal assemblages. Late Paleocene - Late Eocene mixed foraminiferal assemblages from 45 samples collected from the Fore-Magura Thrust Sheet of the Polish Outer Carpathians, were examined for taxonomic identification of characteristic agglutinated foraminifera with calcareous material in their tests. The following 11 species are reported herein: Vulvulina eocaena Montagne, Plectina elongata Cushman and Bermudez, Gaudryina laevigata Franke, Gaudryina pyramidata Cushman, Arenobulimina d'orbignyi (Reuss), Remesella varians (Glaessner), Dorothia beloides Hillebrandt, Karreriella chapapotensis (Cole), Karreriella subglabra (Gumbel), Clavulinoides havanensis Cushman and Bermudez, Pseudoclavulina clavata (Cushman) and an additional 10 taxa are left in open nomenclature. The species assigned to Vulvulina, Plectina, Gaudryina and Pseudogaudryinella reveal calcareous material within their tests, though the descriptions of these genera do not always specify this feature. The results of this study reveal higher diversity and abundance of calcareous agglutinated foraminifera occurring in themarly deposits of the Fore-Magura Thrust Sheet in comparison with other units of the Polish Outer Carpathians. The studied group of agglutinated foraminifera with calcareous material may be regarded as a characteristic component of DWAF assemblages indicative of the slope marl foraminiferal assemblages.
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Hnylko, O. M. "ON THE SEDIMENTARY PROCESSES OF THE FLYSCH DEPOSITS FORMING OF THE UKRAINIAN CARPATHIANS." Collection of Scientific Works of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the NAS of Ukraine 3 (December 16, 2010): 32–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.30836/igs.2522-9753.2010.146667.
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Uchman, Alfred. "Tiering patterns of trace fossilsin the Palaeogene flysch deposits of the Carpathians, Poland." Geobios 28 (January 1995): 389–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-6995(95)80185-5.
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Šímová, Anna, Tomáš Pánek, Mariusz Gałka, Valentina Zernitskaya, Petra Hájková, Hana Brodská, Eva Jamrichová, and Michal Hájek. "Landslides increased Holocene habitat diversity on a flysch bedrock in the Western Carpathians." Quaternary Science Reviews 219 (September 2019): 68–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2019.07.009.
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Pánek, T., J. Hradecký, J. Minár, and K. Šilhán. "Recurrent landslides predisposed by fault-induced weathering of flysch in the Western Carpathians." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 23, no. 1 (2010): 183–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/egsp23.11.
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