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Journal articles on the topic 'The foundations of buildings'
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1
Khusainov, Damir, Ivan Kuznetsov, and Albina Khabibulina. "A method of strengthening arched buildings with insufficient bearing capacity of foundations for the thrust perception." E3S Web of Conferences 274 (2021): 03024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202127403024.
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This paper proposes a new way to strengthen arched buildings with an insufficient bearing capacity of the foundations for the thrust perception. The new method of strengthening the arched buildings can be used in architectural and structural solutions of buildings with zones where it is impossible to place tie-beams traditionally. In the literature there are no research results on this issue. The authors described a new method of strengthening arched buildings. Using a frameless arched structure with an insufficient bearing capacity of the foundations for the thrust as an example, they considered the proposed strengthening method with two options for anchoring the arched building's foundation with tie-beams installed to perceive the thrust to semi-buried and buried anchors. The authors carried out theoretical studies and determined the magnitude of the prestresses in the installed tie-beams to ensure the bearing capacity of the arched building for the variant of asymmetric snow design load. Conclusions. The significance of the obtained results for the construction industry is to propose a method to strengthen arched structures with an insufficient bearing capacity of the foundations for the thrust perception. The proposed method of strengthening is an effective and novel way of increasing the bearing capacity of structures and foundations of arched buildings and can be used in architectural and structural solutions of buildings with zones that impede the traditional placement of tie-beams.
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Ondová, Marcela, Adriana Eštoková, and Martina Fabianová. "Reducing the carbon footprint in the foundations structures of masonry family houses." Selected Scientific Papers - Journal of Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (December 1, 2020): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sspjce-2020-0018.
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Abstract Nowadays, the environmental assessment becomes more and more of interest as an additional tool for the decision-makers. The researchers in civil engineering focus on building materials, structures as well as whole buildings environmental evaluation. Analysis of the environmental impact of particular structures may be helpful for selecting building materials, with regard to the environmental performance of buildings in the early project phase. The aim of this paper is presentation of an environmental evaluation of the rarely assessed particular structures – building foundations and the analysis of the share of the building foundations to the overall environmental impact of building as well. The obtained data point to the need to include the environmental impacts of foundations when assessing the buildings, because of it is a necessary part of any type of family house. One kilogram of built-in foundations materials was responsible for emissions of 0.092 kg of greenhouse gases expressed by carbon dioxide (CO2). Embodied energy was calculated as equal to 1.14 MJ per 1kg of foundations materials and 832.2 MJ/m2 per building floor area. The foundation materials of houses contributed to the total environmental impact of the whole buildings by, on average, 15.0 and 22.8 % for embodied energy and global warming potential, respectively.
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Moskovets, Mariya, and Nikolay Kanev. "Assessment of Rail Vibration Transmission from the Ground to the Foundation of a Building." MATEC Web of Conferences 320 (2020): 00005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202032000005.
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This paper presents the problem of rail transport vibration transmission from the ground to building foundations. Field measurement results of vibration parameters on the ground near buildings and their foundations have been covered in this study. It has been shown that vibrations at the foundation of a building are much smaller than vibrations on the ground. The most intense vibrations on the foundation slab occur in the vertical direction. Comparison with other experimental data on vibration transfer from the ground to buildings structures has been made. The data obtained can be utilized in designing vibration protection measures and to analytically predict vibration effects in buildings. This analysis can be performed after measuring the vibration of rail transport on the ground surface.
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Purnawibowo, Stanov, and Andri Restiyadi. "MODIFIKASI TANAH DAN VARIASI FONDASI BANGUNAN ISTANA MAIMUN, KOTA MEDAN, PROVINSI SUMATERA UTARA." Berkala Arkeologi Sangkhakala 22, no. 2 (January 25, 2020): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.24832/bas.v22i2.410.
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Maimun Palace is one of the iconic cultural heritage buildings in Medan City, North Sumatra Province. It has a unique blend of Malay and colonial styles. The subject in this article deals with the building foundations of the Maimun Palace. The foundation part has a crucial role in a building, but it is rarely used as a research topic. The issues raised in this paper relate to the structure, composition, and function of the foundation. The purpose of writing this article besides answering the problem is also expected to be able to increase architectural treasury, especially regarding the style of building foundations that have a blend of traditional Malay and Colonial styles. Through descriptive-analytical research, the conclusion obtained from this study is that there are three kinds of building foundations that adjust to the function of supporting the buildings above which consist of one, two and three levels of the building.
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Balezin, Roman, Oleg Shulyatyev, Stanislav Shulyatyev, and Anatoly Buslov. "Criteria definition for high-rise buildings foundations deformation limitation." Bulletin of Science and Research Center “Stroitelstvo”, no. 2(29) (2021): 13–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.37538/2224-9494-2021-2(29)-13-27.
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The article presents an overview of the foundation deformation limitation for buildings and structures. Information from main research, domestic and international construction codes is given. For high-rise buildings foundations deformation limits evaluation was done by analyzing architectural, technological, and structural requirements for high-rise buildings deformations and an estimation of a probable stochastic component of a non-uniform deformation which is related to statistically non-uniform of base soil. Statistical non-uniformity of base soil was modelled by the use of a simplified deterministic method. Defined criteria for high-rise building foundation deformation limitation can be used in future research.
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Korbelova, Sarka, and Lucie Kucerova. "Evaluation of Measurement in Crawl Space of Wooden House." Applied Mechanics and Materials 835 (May 2016): 501–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.835.501.
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The society lays stress on today's buildings, particularly in terms of energy-efficient buildings and ecology of buildings. Accordingly, not only from a technical technical point of view, it is important to give sufficient attention to the foundations of building. The popular way of foundation of lightweight buildings is due to the growing interest in timber houses the foundation above a ventilated air gap so called Crawl Space. The article deals with the temperature and humidity field which is located in the air gap under the construction of wooden building in the climatic conditions of the Czech Republic.
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Gao, Yong Tao, Qing Liang Wu, Shun Chuan Wu, Mao Wei Ji, Ai Ping Chen, and Chen Ye Wan. "Numerical Analysis of Tunneling Influence on Settlement of Existing Pile Foundations Based on Orthogonal Design." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 1419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.1419.
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Because of the Limited urban space and the development of transport, underground space development, especially the metro construction, is vigorously developed in many cities. Subway passing through the existing building inevitably may cause the settlement and deformation of the buildings and their foundations. Therefore, research on the influence of tunneling on existing buildings has important significance. In order to study the influence of tunneling on settlement of existing pile foundations, soil elastic modulus, cohesion, friction angle, tunneling sizes, distance between tunnel opening boundaries and existing pile foundation etc. are discussed as analysis factors in this paper. The calculation schemes are designed based on orthogonal design, and then the influence of tunneling on existing buildings is researched according to the numerical calculation model which is established by the finite element software. Finally, the sensitivity of pile foundation settlement to various factors is analyzed according to the results of simulation analysis. we can draw the conclusions: the influence of tunneling on settlement of existing pile foundation is positively correlated with tunneling sizes, and is negatively correlated with soil parameters and distance between tunnel opening boundaries and existing pile foundations; The settlement of pile foundations can be effectively controlled by application of composite anchor isolation piles around the existing buildings piles, but with the increase of soil parameters and distance between tunnel opening boundaries and existing pile foundations, the strengthening effects are decreased; soil elastic modulus and excavation sizes are the key impact-factors of pile settlement within the distance of 5m between tunneling boundaries and existing pile foundations, which have extremely remarkable effect on the subsidence of pile foundations.
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Jahangir, Emad, Olivier Deck, and Farimah Masrouri. "Estimation of ground settlement beneath foundations due to shrinkage of clayey soils." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 49, no. 7 (July 2012): 835–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t2012-042.
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The shrinkage and swelling of clayey soils is a natural hazard, which may significantly affect buildings. Foundation settlement caused by this geohazard for buildings constructed on expansive soils undergoing a drought period was studied. A soil–structure interaction model is proposed. The hydromechanical coupling is taken into account by using the state surface approach. Settlement is evaluated according to building stiffness, ground hydromechanical properties, surface suction variation, suction profile, and foundation depth. The uncertainties are considered by using the Monte Carlo approach, and an application has been performed for the average settlement assessment of a group of buildings. This paper outlines the significant dependency of the final settlement on the building stiffness. It highlights the benefits of rigid buildings and deeper foundations to reduce vulnerability to this geohazard.
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Erokhin, Sergey, and Sergey Shashkin. "Modeling of foundation slabs of buildings on complex foundations." E3S Web of Conferences 263 (2021): 03012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126303012.
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The paper considers the problem of calculating the strength of foundation slabs under seismic and wind loads. As an example, a numerical model of a hotel building to be built on bulk islands is presented. The calculation of the foundation slab model is performed using the STARK ES software package. The results of the calculation are analyzed and recommendations for strengthening the foundation are given.
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Ji, Qing Xiang, and Xin Sheng Ge. "The Research on the Influence of the Forms of Foundation on the Behavior of Adjacent Excavation Based on Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 788 (September 2013): 606–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.788.606.
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Foundation pit excavation could be affected to some extent by surrounding different kinds of building materials, building structure, foundation form and load distribution, especially in intensive buildings. In this paper, based on the large-scale finite element software ANSYS, a three-dimensional finite element model is established to analyze the consequences of these complex and uncertain factors faced with by deep excavation projects and the conclusions of the excavation affected by different foundations form of adjacent buildings are arrived at.
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Teng, Bing. "Construction Technology for Deep Foundation Pit Support in Mining Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 624 (August 2014): 617–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.624.617.
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With economic development, the massing of buildings in the mining area is increasing. The larger and deeper foundations will come forth. The safety of excavation support, adjacent building put forward higher requirements. Summing up the experiences of deep foundation pit support in mining area, this article expounds the mining area excavation support structure, retaining pile, neighboring buildings and foundation as a whole process which is simulation of excavation and supporting.
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Nurumbayeva, Lunara Maksotovna, and Andrey Nikolaevich Badanin. "Justification for Determination of the Depth of an Active Zone Based on the II Group of Limiting States." Applied Mechanics and Materials 580-583 (July 2014): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.580-583.98.
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The problems of the amendments in the updated edition of SNIP 2.02.01-83 * “Foundations of buildings and structures" SP 22.13330.2011 “Foundations of buildings and structures” are discussed in the article". Theoretically, the depth of the core is not justified anywhere and the restrictions are made only on the basis of experimental data. The importance of the amendments should be displayed theoretically. In according to the newly adopted regulatory framework the results of the foundation settlement calculations for the limited states of the second (II) group by the layer-stack summation method with the justification of the amendments in the updated edition of SNIP 2.02.01-83 * "Foundations of buildings and structures" SP 22.13330.2011 "Foundations of buildings and structures” are shown in this article. In the second part of the article the optimum width selection calculation results of projected foundation and identification of the economic benefits of decisions made are shown.
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Yang, Lin. "Effect of the Neighboring Loads on the Building Foundations." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.514.
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When a new building or a heaped load is near to a existing building, the neighboring loads will cause the existing building foundations unevenly settle, tilt or even crack which will affect both the safety and normal use of the buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the relate research in this area. In this paper, based on the Flemish theory the additional stress of the building foundation was deduced, and the soil settlement formula was calculated by the splitting summation method. The engineering example showed the influence of the neighboring loads on the existing building foundations.
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Przewłócki, I., I. Dardzińska, and J. Świniański. "Review of historical buildings' foundations." Géotechnique 55, no. 5 (June 2005): 363–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/geot.2005.55.5.363.
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Shulyatyev, Oleg. "Foundations of high-rise buildings." PNRPU Construction and Architecture Bulletin, no. 4 (2014): 202–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2014.4.19.
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Bykov, V. I. "Foundations for individual residential buildings." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 32, no. 2 (March 1995): 66–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02336391.
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Salam, Sayed Abdel, and Mahmoud Samir El-kady. "Foundations for low cost buildings." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 4, no. 2 (September 15, 2016): 143–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2016.09.002.
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Abstract Attaining an economical and safe design of structures is regarded as a prerequisite for the structural engineer. The market prices of reinforcing steels have dramatically soared in recent years internationally. Therefore, the purpose of the current paper is not just reducing the ratio of reinforcing steel in the foundations for skeleton structures, but rather minimizing this ratio through choosing the most effective footing shape (folded strip footings). Folded footings have been used as an alternative to the conventional rectangular strip footings. The height of the studied model is ten floors. Two different foundation systems are used in the analysis namely; rectangular strip footings, and folded strip footings respectively. Both footing shapes will be designed as continuous footings with grid shape under the building. Comparison between the two systems is also presented regarding the concrete sections and reinforcement ratio under the same applied loads. The finite element analysis software ADINA is used in modeling and analysis of the structural and geotechnical behavior of both types of footings, with emphasis on the effect of changing the footing shape on the stresses in the footing concrete body and the underlying soils. Research results presents the internal stresses within the footing and soil domains, as well as the contact pressure distribution for a reinforced folded strip footing resting on different soil types. The influence of folding inclination angle, and soil type on the results are also studied. Results showed that folded strip footings are efficient in reducing the amount of needed reinforcements, and such efficiency in reducing the required steel reinforcement in the footings is depending on the applied footing loads, and to some degree on the soil type and properties. Reduction in the reinforcement ratio between the rectangular and folded footing types is about 26% in favor of the folded strip footings. A comparative economical study shows that the total cost of the reinforced concrete section for the folded strip footings is less than the traditional one by about 18%. This difference in cost of both types of footings is mainly due to the relatively smaller in steel reinforcement ratio needed for the folded type as compared with the rectangular ones. So, the folded strip footing is more economical than the rectangular strip footing. Highlights Two different foundation systems are used in the analysis namely; rectangular strip footings, and folded strip footings respectively. The finite element analysis software ADINA is used in modeling and analysis of structural and geotechnical behavior of both types of footings with emphasis on the effect of changing the footing shape and soil type (Ks) on the stresses and soil settlement. Results showed that the maximum value of contact pressure decreased by about 38% for folded strip footing when compared with the traditional strip footing in stiff clay soil, and by about 25% in dense sand soil when increasing vertical static load to its peak value. The reduction in the reinforcement ratio between the two types of footings is about 26% in favor of the folded strip footings. While the total cost of the concrete for the folded strip footings is less than the rectangular one by about 18%. So, the folded shape is more economical than the ordinary rectangular strip footing.
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Mohafezatkar Sereshkeh, Abolfazl, and Reza Jamshidi Chenari. "Induced Settlement Reduction of Adjacent Masonry Building in Residential Constructions." Civil Engineering Journal 3, no. 7 (July 30, 2017): 450–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2017-00000104.
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Many buildings and heritages are yearly damaged due to new construction plans in vicinity of them. Current engineering practice in Iran lacks unfortunately regulations to enforce the designers of new buildings to re-evaluate the structural integrity of adjacent old buildings which are prone to unacceptable induced settlement and distortions. To damage assessment of old building, deflection ratio was used for unreinforced load-bearing wall (masonry) building. In this paper some practical methods like story limits for the new buildings according to the specification of old structure, improvement of shallow foundations and increasing the embedment depth of new foundations have been studied in order to decrease the settlement and undesirable effects of adjacent constructions. Parametric studies using numerical analysis, Flac3D, have paved the way how above mentioned methods can remedy the problem. So induced consolidation settlements due to new construction in adjacent building were studied. In conclusion, increase of admissible story of new building up to one floor by increase of embedment depth as much as one meter and three floors by using of mat foundation instead of single footing were highlighted these methods.
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Nurfansyah, Nurfansyah, Muhammad Ibnu Saud, Prima Widya Wastuti, Ahmad Qurrata Aini, and Nursyarif Agusniansyah. "PERKEMBANGAN PONDASI TIANG KAYU PADA RUMAH TINGGAL DI BANJARMASIN." INFO-TEKNIK 21, no. 2 (December 7, 2020): 199. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/infotek.v21i2.10173.
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Banjarese houses are developed especially in the wooden foundation’s construction. In case, this construction had many problems as an unstable foundation that caused building slope, building renovation, vertical development, etc. Pole stick hardwood timbers are needed to strengthen to support the building’s load. Based on this condition, it is necessary to conduct research related to find a model that explained how wooden foundations are modified. This paper's method was to collect field observation data by a photograph. Samples of observation were chosen that show the modification and variation progress of pole stick hardwood and woodpile foundation. Applied modification models were founded, that it were combined the wooden foundations with concrete foundations. It is useful to strengthen the building’s load support. This model was suited to the wetland area.
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Medzvieckas, Jurgis, and Danutė Sližytė. "PECULIARITY OF THE FOUNDATIONS DEEPENING IN RENOVATED BUILDINGS USING EXCAVATION / KAI KURIOS REKONSTRUOJAMŲ PASTATŲ PAMATŲ PAGILINIMO IŠKASOMIS PROBLEMOS IR JŲ SPRENDIMO METODAI." Engineering Structures and Technologies 4, no. 3 (October 4, 2012): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/2029882x.2012.730277.
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Deepening foundations is often necessary for renovating old buildings. The process is required for several reasons: first, basement rooms are adapted for activity, since the space of basement rooms is not sufficient, and therefore heightening rooms is essential; second, when the walls of the building are cracked, strengthening foundations is needed; third, renovating buildings increases a load onto foundations. Taking into account the above introduced reasons, an appropriate method for changing the construction of foundations must be chosen. Experience shows that, in most cases, ground resistance under building reconstruction is sufficient and foundations may carry a greater load. Before renovation, the exploitation degree of ground strength must be assessed, which may be expressed as a ratio between foundation pressure and ground resistance. Experience also indicates that, in many cases, the strength of the ground is used irrationally. The foundations of the previously built buildings have a low exploitation degree of strength due to the fact that for designing foundations very simple rules have been used. The other reason is that the ground under foundations takes new characteristics due consolidation over a long period of time. In a compacted soil layer, the angle of shear resistance in sands and cohesion in clays increase. Depending on the maintenance period and soils of base building, ground resistance increases from 1.1 to 1.5 times. Building walls frequently have cracks, as a result of unequal settlements of foundations. In this instance, it is necessary to look for ways to increase the bearing capacity of foundations. Therefore, changing the construction of foundations is required. Foundation basics are often deepened using excavations to adapt the basement rooms for activity and strengthen foundations. The use of this method looks at solving the following questions: excavation depth and width; the distance between simultaneously conducted excavations; the influence of different settlements on building structures; methods for reducing the effects of different settlements. Excavations change the distribution of the pressure under foundations, and therefore excavation depth and width must be calculated considering an increase in pressure under the process of reconstructing foundations. Settlements are inevitable when foundations are deepened. Installing stiffness bands in walls is recommended for reducing the effects from different settlements. Stiffness bands are very effective means of reducing the action of different settlements inevitable when making changes in the con-struction of foundations. Another effective way is the use of jet grouting that accelerates the process of deepening foundation basics. The solid of cemented soil is formed under foundations, and therefore this is a safer and more rapid way than conducting excavations and filling them with concrete. The use of jet grouting reduces uneven settlements. Santrauka Renovuojant senus pastatus, labai dažnai tenka gilinti pamatus. Tai daroma dėl kelių priežasčių: pirma, kai norima rūsio patalpas pritaikyti veiklai. Kadangi rūsio patalpų aukštis būna per mažas, tenka aukštinti patalpas; antra, kai pastato sienos dėl nuosėdžių yra supleišėjusios ir būtina stiprinti pamatus; trečia, dėl padidėjusių apkrovų, renovuojant pastatus. Atsižvelgiant į šias priežastis, pasirenkamas būdas, kuriuo keičiama pamato konstrukcija. Dažnai taikomas pamatų pado gilinimo iškasomis būdas. Šiuo atveju būtina spręsti tokius klausimus: iškasų gylį ir plotį; atstumą tarp vienu metu daromų iškasų; papildomų pamatų nuosėdžių dydį ir poveikį pastato konstrukcijoms; būdus, mažinančius nevienodų nuosėdžių pasekmes. Iškasa keičia slėgio pasiskirstymą po pamatu, todėl iškasos gylis ir plotis turi būti apskaičiuotas įvertinant slėgio didėjimą po renovuojamu pamatu. Gilinant pamatus neišvengiami papildomi pamatų nuosėdžiai. Spartinant pamato pado gilinimo procesą iškasomis efektyvu daryti injekcijas. Taikant srautinį injektavimą, po pamatu suformuojamas sucementuoto grunto masyvas. Pamatai gilinami iškasomis ar injektuojant atskirais ruožais, todėl galimi nevienodi nuosėdžiai. Mažinant nevienodų nuosėdžių poveikį, būtini tam tikri konstrukciniai sprendimai.
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Mara Jauane Nicholas, Ravindra Jayaratne, Takayuki Suzuki, and Tomoya Shibayama. "BUILDING FOUNDATION INSTABILITY INDUCED BY TSUNAMI SCOUR." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.currents.29.
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Understanding the role of tsunami-induced scour in building foundation instability can allow for the proper design of buildings located in areas prone to tsunami events. The process of tsunami scour around building foundations reduces the bearing capacity of the soil to support loading, lateral resistance and loss of soil- foundation friction (i.e. piles). Scour can cause loss of material around a foundation, due to increased pore pressure within the soil and removal of the soil during the tsunami, resulting in reduced bearing capacity of the soil (Macabuag et al., 2018). During the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami and the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, three similar failure modes of building foundations were experienced, namely overturning, sliding and bearing (scour) failure (Macabuag et al., 2018). According to Wright (2015), shallow foundations such as strip, slab or pad are vulnerable to erosion of surrounding soil causing scour during a tsunami. The present paper discusses the application of the scour depth predictive model of Nicholas et al. (2016) and the development of a Relative Risk Index for future design of building foundations accounting for tsunamis.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/u6QSmUe8YqA
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Zhang, Heng, Chao Su, Jiawei Bai, Rongyao Yuan, Yujun Ma, and Wenjun Wang. "The Rheological Analytical Solution and Parameter Inversion of Soft Soil Foundation." Symmetry 13, no. 7 (July 8, 2021): 1228. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13071228.
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In soft soil engineering projects, the building loads are always required to be symmetrically distributed on the surface of the foundation to prevent uneven settlement. Even if the buildings and soft clay are controlled by engineers, it can still lead to the rheology of the foundation. The analytical solution based on the Laplace integral transformation method has positive significance for providing a simple and highly efficient way to solve engineering problems, especially in the long-term uneven settlement deformation prediction of buildings on soft soil foundations. This paper proposes an analytical solution to analyze the deformation of soft soil foundations. The methodology is based on calculus theory, Laplace integral transformation, and viscoelastic theory. It combines an analytical solution with finite theory to solve the construction sequences and loading processes. In addition, an improved quantum genetic algorithm is put forward to inverse the parameters of soft soil foundations. The analytical solution based on Laplace integral transformation is validated through an engineering case. The results clearly illustrate the accuracy of the method.
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Polishchuk, Anatoly, Nadezda Nikitina, Arkady Petukhov, and Ivan Semyonov. "STRENGTHENING OF THE FOUNDATIONS OF RENOVATED BUILDINGS WITH INJECTION PILES." International Journal for Computational Civil and Structural Engineering 17, no. 1 (March 24, 2021): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.22337/2587-9618-2021-17-1-75-86.
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The paper describes the technique of strengthening shallow foundations of reconstructed buildings using injection piles. First, the constructive solution of the existing foundations, the structural scheme of the building, as well as the loads transferred to the building structures before and after its reconstruction are established. At the same time, an assessment of the soil conditions of the construction site of the reconstructed building is carried out; a bearing soil layer is revealed for deepening the lower ends of injection piles. Based on the data obtained, the loading of the base of the foundations of the reconstructed building is assessed and the need for their reinforcement (or further operation without reinforcement) is established. In the case of strengthening the foundations of the building, the method of transferring the additional load to the injection piles is selected. Then their bearing capacity and design loads allowed on the piles are substantiated. The construction of foundations is carried out, taking into account their reinforcement with injection piles, which are hereinafter called combined. Verificationcalculations of the base of the combined foundations are performed for the firstand second groups of limit states. In accordance with the regulatory documents, strength calculations of the main structural elements of foundations are carried out, which are necessary to ensure their full operation, taking into account the reinforcement. At the finalstage, working documentation is developed to strengthen the foundations of the reconstructed building. The stages of the design of strengthening the foundations of reconstructed buildings using injection piles presented in the work allow to properly and consistently organize the work of specialists.
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Slyusarenko, Yu S., V. A. Titarenko, Yu B. Melashenko, V. D. Shuminskiy, М. L. Zotsenko, and Yu L. Vynnykov. "THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE NATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON THE BASES AND FOUNDATIONS FOR BUILDINGS AND STRUCTURES DESIGN." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (October 17, 2017): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.818.
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The main document of the regulatory framework for the bases and foundations of buildings and structures design is DBN V.2.1-10-2009 (with Amendments No. 1 and No. 2). For the replacement of existing DBN it is proposed to develop a system of regulatory documents that will include DBN V.2.1-10:201Х «Bases and foundations of buildings and structures. Main provisions» and standards for its development. The project provides the principles (general provisions) and requirements regarding the design, construction and reconstruction of bases and foundations for the buildings and structures of all types and classes of consequences (responsibility). The attention is focused on the peculiarities of foundations calculations according to design features and interactions with the base and various depth foundation design.
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Kwag, Byung C., and Moncef Krarti. "Development of design guidelines for thermo-active foundations." Indoor and Built Environment 27, no. 6 (February 1, 2017): 805–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x17690018.
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Ground medium can be utilized as a direct energy source to heat and cool buildings. In particular, ground source heat pump systems take advantage of the year-round mild deep earth temperature without a significant reliance on any external energy sources. However, the high installation cost of ground source heat pumps associated with high drilling cost of vertical boreholes often make these systems less cost-effective compared to conventional heating and cooling systems. Thermo-active foundations can be a viable solution to reduce ground source heat pump high installation costs by embedding heat exchangers within building foundation structures. Compared to ground source heat pumps, only limited analyses and research studies have been reported for thermo-active foundations especially for the US climates. In particular, no specific design guidelines have been reported for thermo-active foundations especially for US climates. In this paper, a simplified design approach was developed and applied for specifying geothermal heat pump size and heat exchanger loop length to meet all or part of building heat and cooling thermal loads. The developed guidelines would thus provide a proper design guide for installation of thermo-active foundations for heating and cooling of both US residential and commercial buildings.
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Shaldykova, Assel, Sung-Woo Moon, Jong Kim, Deuckhang Lee, Taeseo Ku, and Askar Zhussupbekov. "Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Approaches for the Design of Shallow Foundations." Applied Sciences 10, no. 8 (April 23, 2020): 2920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10082920.
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The design of shallow foundations is performed in accordance with different building regulations depending on geotechnical and geological conditions. This paper involves the design calculations applying Kazakhstani and European approaches. The design of shallow foundations in Nur-Sultan city in Kazakhstan was implemented by the calculation of bearing capacity and elastic settlement in accordance with the design procedures provided in SP RK 5.01-102-2013: Foundations of buildings and structures, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design. The calculated results of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for two types of shallow foundations, such as pad foundation and strip foundation, adhering to Kazakhstani and European approaches are relatively comparable. However, the European approach provided higher values of bearing capacity and elastic settlement for the designed shallow foundation compared to the Kazakhstani approach. The difference in the results is explained by the application of different values of partial factors of safety for the determination of bearing capacity and different methods for the calculation of the elastic settlement of shallow foundations (i.e., elasticity theory and layer summation method).
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Polishchuk, A. I., and I. V. Semyonov. "DESIGN OF REINFORCEMENT OF FOUNDATIONS OF RECONSTRUCTED, RESTORED BUILDINGS USING PILES." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.4.03.
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The procedure for designing reinforcement of shallow foundations of reconstructed, restored buildings using piles (injection, bore injection, composite pressed, screw, etc.) is considered. At the first stage of the design, the constructive solution of the existing foundations, the structural diagram of the building (structure), as well as the loads transferred to the building structures before and after the reconstruction (restoration) of the building are established. An assessment of the soil conditions of the construction site of the building being reconstructed is carried out; a bearing soil layer is identified for deepening the lower ends of the piles. Based on the data obtained, the loading of the base of the foundations of the reconstructed (restored) building is assessed and the need for their strengthening (or their further operation without reinforcement) is established. In the event that strengthening of the building foundations is required, the method of transferring the additional load to the piles is chosen. After that, the bearing capacity of the piles and the design loads allowed on the piles are substantiated. The design of foundations is carried out taking into account their reinforcement with piles, as well as verification calculations of the base of reinforced foundations (combined) for the first and second groups of limiting states (for bearing capacity and deformations). In accordance with the regulatory documents, strength calculations of the main structural elements of foundations are performed, which are necessary to ensure their full-fledged operation, taking into account reinforcement. At the final stage, working documentation is developed to strengthen the foundations of the reconstructed, restored building (structure). The presented algorithm for the design of strengthening the foundations of reconstructed, restored buildings using piles allows to correctly and consistently organize the work of specialists.
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Kurnia, Melissa, and Paulus Pramono Rahardjo. "Performance Analysis Of “Toga” Foundation With Cap On Thick Soft Soil Based On Laboratory Models And Finite Element Analysis." UKaRsT 4, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.30737/ukarst.v4i2.1072.
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Various alternative foundations are offered depending on soil conditions from the results of soil investigations. In difficult soil types such as thick, soft soil layers, pile foundation is generally used to avoid the excess settlements, but deep foundations for small buildings are not the right solution when viewed from a cost perspective. One of the more economical foundations is to use the” toga” foundation, with a plate on top and a caisson underneath where the caisson can be inserted into the soil with an open end. Through this study, the carrying capacity of the” toga” foundation will be analyzed. Then the foundation will be made on a laboratory scale and tested with axial load. The load and deformation relationship were analyzed using PLAXIS 3D analysis. It can be concluded the performance of the ”toga” foundation on thick, soft soil can be used for two-floored buildings
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Ozcelik, Mehmet. "The Effects of Vertical Stress on the Liquefaction Potential Originated from Buildings in The Urban Areas." International Journal of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering 8, no. 1 (January 2017): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijgee.2017010103.
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Main purpose of this paper is to study the influence of vertical stress on soil liquefaction in urban areas. The literature provides limited information on vertical stress analysis of multiple footings, and, as a result, there is no accurate way to account for the effect of the foundation depth on liquefaction. Additionally, practical methods do not exist for considering the interaction between the neighboring foundations vertical stress and seismic forces in the urban area. Vertical stress distribution was calculated in examining the soil liquefaction potential exhibited by building foundations as a case study. The vertical stresses were chosen randomly for some buildings with foundation depths of 3.00 m; 4.50 and 6.00 m at the Burkent site (Burdur-Turkey). The influence of 5-storey buildings on the liquefaction potential of sandy soils was evaluated in terms of the safety factor (FS) against liquefaction along soil profile depths for different earthquakes. Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results were used based on simplified empirical procedure.
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Chai, Hua Bin. "Study on the Deformation and Stability of Building Foundations in Mining Subsidence Areas." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1967–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1967.
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To enhance the effective of the land in mining subsidence areas, realize the development of new rural construction and urbanization. According to the geological and mining conditions, the scale, shape and regularity of the potential crack areas in the coal goafs, separated overburden strata, and the influencing factors which affect the deformation foundation of architecture and stability are studied. Probability integral method is used to establish the further deformations formula of the building foundations in mining subsidence areas. The monitoring data from the ground observation stations are used to invert the further deformation predicting parameters, the surface further deformations of each coal goafs, and the whole surface’s further deformations are calculated by the superposition method. The foundation further deformations, geological structures, etc, are comprehensively taken into consideration. The stability of the building foundations in mining subsidence area are analyzed and evaluated. Research results are very valuable to process, design, and plan the foundations of the buildings in coal mining subsidence areas.
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Kudryavtsev, Sergey, Semen Bugunov, Evgeniya Pogulyaeva, Anastasiya Peters, Zhanna Kotenko, and Danil Grigor'yev. "Construction of high-rise buildings in the Far East of Russia." E3S Web of Conferences 33 (2018): 02008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183302008.
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The construction of high-rise buildings on plate foundation in geotechnical conditions of the Russian Far East is a complicated problem. In this respect foundation engineering becomes rather essential. In order to set a firm foundation it is necessary to take into account the pressure distribution at the structure base, in homogeneity of building deformation, which is due to collaborative geotechnical calculations complicated by a number of factors: actual over-placement of soils, the complex geometry of the building under construction, spatial work of the foundation ground with consideration for physical nonlinearity, the influence of the stiffness of the superstructure (reinforced concrete framing) upon the development of foundation deformations, foundation performance (the performance of the bed plate under the building and stairwells), the origination of internal forces in the superstructure with differential settlement. The solution of spatial problems regarding the mutual interaction between buildings and foundations with account of the factors mentioned above is fully achievable via the application of numerical modeling methodology. The work makes a review of the results of high-rise plate building numerical modeling in geotechnical conditions of the Russian Far East by way of the example of Khabarovsk city.
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Pidlutskyi, V. L. "FORMATION OF THE FOUNDATIONS STRESS-STRAIN STATE FROM THE LOCATION CHANGE AND PILES PARAMETERS." ACADEMIC JOURNAL Series: Industrial Machine Building, Civil Engineering 2, no. 49 (October 17, 2017): 135–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.26906/znp.2017.49.834.
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The work of high-rise buildings with different piles arrangement foundations is investigated rationally and on a regular grid. The comparative analysis of the results is presented. Typical zones of foundation such as central, lateral, and angular ones are separated. The redistribution of efforts between piles and a grillage is shown. The interaction of piles with different lengths and the grillage in the foundations of high-rise buildings is considered. The numerical modeling of the «base – foundation – superstructure» system is performed. A finite-element model of high-rise buildings comples and a multilayer soil mass is developed. The choice of soil parameters for the deformation model of soil environment on the basis of their identification is shown.
Comparative results of calculations with data of field observations on bearing structures behaviour. The features of buildings complex base deformation are revealed.
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PETRENKO, V. D., V. I. KRYSAN, V. V. KRYSAN, and I. S. CHEHODAIEV. "EXPERIENCE OF CONSTRUCTION OF THE PLATE AND PILE FOUNDATION IN COMPLEX ENGINEERING AND GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS." Bridges and tunnels: Theory, Research, Practice, no. 19 (July 27, 2021): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.15802/bttrp2021/233980.
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Purpose. An urgent issue for the construction of foundations in complex engineering and geological conditions is the development of new technologies for the construction and monitoring of buildings built in deep beams. The purpose of this article is to development a technology for eliminating cavities with the help of vertical rigid soil-cement elements. Methodology. Using the experience gained in designing foundations in complex engineering and geological conditions, it was proposed to implement a new type of pile-slab foundation. It includes reinforced vertical hanging piles based on drilling and mixing technology and a slab foundation. An algorithm for monitoring houses built in deep gorges and pile-slab foundations using a system of wells and marks is also proposed. Findings. Scientific substantiation of construction technology in Solomianskyi District of Kyiv has been performed, where there are areas that, given the variable height and saturation of various wastes, are very difficult to use for construction, especially in the construction of houses with large area and height within 9 … 16 floors. The results of construction of a ten-storey frame-type residential building with an underground length of 102.5 m and a width of 14.0 m are presented. Originality. Based on the performed calculations, the dependences of the deformed state of the pile-slab foundations during the construction of high-rise residential buildings are obtained. It is proved that when applying the technology of creating vertical hanging piles, the values of maximum allowable deformations of the house and the foundation meet the requirements of current regulations of Ukraine. Practical value. The use of pile-slab foundation in complex engineering and geological conditions made it possible to develop the technology of construction of a ten-storey building.
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Maciag, Edward, Krystyna Kuzniar, and Tadeusz Tatara. "Response Spectra of Ground Motions and Building Foundation Vibrations Excited by Rockbursts in the LGC Region." Earthquake Spectra 32, no. 3 (August 2016): 1769–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/020515eqs022m.
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Surface vibrations induced by mining rockbursts resulting from underground exploitation in the mines in western Poland were analyzed and classified into three different categories. Comparison of the accelerograms simultaneously recorded on the ground and on the foundations of typical buildings, as well as the response spectra determined on the basis of these records, leads to the conclusion that ground vibration characteristics have a significant influence on the nature of vibration transmission from the ground to the building foundation. Analysis of the response spectra, separately determined from both ground vibrations and building foundation vibrations, indicates that the standard response spectrum based on building foundation vibrations is more useful in the design of new buildings in areas of mining tremors than the spectrum based on ground vibrations. Moreover, the usefulness of the models of soil-structure interaction based on seismic data in California was investigated with respect to mine-induced rockbursts in Poland.
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Yukhymenko, A., and R. Samchenko. "TECHNOLOGY RESTORATION OF THE OPERATIONAL SPO-PROPERTY OF DEFORMED BUILDINGS BY THE MANAGEMENT OF THE SAME-BASE OF THE FOUNDATION BASES." Municipal economy of cities 3, no. 156 (July 1, 2020): 116–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2020-3-156-116-120.
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The developed method of restoring deformed and emergency buildings by controlling the foundation stiffness is presented. During the design and construction of buildings and structures, final stabilization deformations of the bases are calculated taking into account the loads, soil characteristics and the corresponding distribution of the base stiffness coefficient under the assumption that the base deformation process is almost completed. But in areas composed of structurally unstable soils, during the operation of structures, changes in the rigidity of the bases are possible due to the negative effect on the properties of the soils. To restore the operational suitability of damaged buildings, a method has been developed for eliminating their deformed state, which is based on the management of the stiffness of the bases. The concept of this method lies in the fact that in case of violation of the design distribution of the base stiffness coefficient, it is necessary to ensure recovery stiffness from the mirrored distribution of the destructive shift coe fficient. On the basis of geodetic survey data of a deformed building, a necessary pattern is determined for changing the foundation stiffness and the plot of the desired sediment of the foundation. The recovery sediments of the foundation provide for the desired epure, corresponding to the "new" distribution of stiffness by perforation of the base layer of limited thickness. Perforation under the foundations carry out the drilling of horizontal wells of the calculated parameters. Under the influence of the weight of the structure and additional technological impact, for example, moistening, the cavities of the wells are deformed, turning from round to ellipsoidal, the pillars of the soil and the arches between the wells are destroyed, filling the deformed cavities, the perforated base layer is compressed. Compression of the layer and sediments of the foundations occur in accordance with the calculated parameters of the wells. As a result, the foundations and, accordingly, the structures are returned to the design (initial) position. Keywords: deformation of objects, restoration of deformed buildings, base stiffness, sediment of foundations, roll removal, base perforation, horizontal well, drilling rig, technological parameters.
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Roeder, Charles W., Sunirmal Banerjee, Debbie R. Jung, and Sean K. Smith. "The Role of Building Foundations in Seismic Retrofit." Earthquake Spectra 12, no. 4 (November 1996): 925–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1585917.
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Existing buildings which do not satisfy modern seismic design requirements may be rehabilitated economically by the addition of steel bracing or reinforced concrete shear walls. However, steel bracing and concrete shear walls can place severe demands on the building foundation, and the existing foundations are likely to be inadequate. Strengthening of existing foundations may be exceedingly expensive, and the cost of the foundation work may dominate the seismic retrofit effort. Several foundation retrofit strategies are described and discussed. These strategies are invariably expensive, and the engineer may be tempted to place the major investment into strengthening or stiffening the structure with minimal work on the foundation. This concept may lead to increased potential for uplift and temporary overload of footings. In some cases this practice may have beneficial effect regarding the overall seismic response of the structure. It may reduce both seismic forces and maximum displacements experienced by the structure. The reduced foundation retrofit is unlikely to increase the collapse potential or life-safety risks of the building, while the structural retrofit should significantly improve the life-safety concerns. However, the combination of structural rehabilitation combined with minimal foundation rehabilitation are likely to increase the potential damage and economic loss during an earthquake.
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Kuzniar, Krystyna, and Tadeusz Tatara. "The ratio of response spectra from seismic-type free-field and building foundation vibrations: the influence of rockburst parameters and simple models of kinematic soil-structure interaction." Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering 18, no. 3 (October 19, 2019): 907–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00734-w.
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Abstract Mining-related seismicity is a significant problem in regions with the exploitation in underground mines. Despite the fact that mining tremors result from human activity and are classified as so-called paraseismic shocks, as with earthquakes, they are random events. Moreover, these rockbursts could cause significant damage to surface structures, including buildings. This paper deals with the analysis of experimentally obtained results in terms of the differences between the mine-induced vibrations described by the response spectra from the free-field near a given building and the simultaneously recorded vibrations in the building foundations. The influences of epicentral distance, mining tremor energy and the value of peak ground acceleration on the curves of free-field—foundation response spectra ratio were studied. The impact of the type of building on the transmission of response spectra from the free-field vibrations to the building foundations was also analysed for three types of apartment buildings (low-rise, medium-rise, high-rise). The usefulness of the approximate models of the phenomenon of soil-structure interaction during earthquakes proposed in the literature is also estimated in this paper in specific instances of mining tremors. Furthermore, the study presents original, simple, empirical models for the evaluation of the differences in the response spectra originating from free-field and building foundation vibrations in the mining region.
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Wu, Yao Dong, and Li Lan Zhang. "The Application Example Analysis of Several Types of Composite Foundation in ChangChun Area." Applied Mechanics and Materials 256-259 (December 2012): 526–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.256-259.526.
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In this article, we analyse several types of composite foundation load test result, then expound that when we design composite foundations, we should choose reasonable kind of composite foundations according to accurate engineering geology and hydrogeology conditions and characteristic of buildings , otherwise will not reach the expected effect.
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Srihandayani, Susy. "Alternative foundation for reducing building losses due to foundation failure in soft soil." E3S Web of Conferences 156 (2020): 02006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202015602006.
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Much damage to buildings occurs in areas that have soft soil layers due to the failure of the foundations. Besides, foundations in soft soils generally require very expensive construction. For this reason, proper research needs to help develop strong foundations that can be used on soft soils with relatively low cost. In this research, foundations with various diameters and depths were tested on soft soil. The foundations were made of PVC pipes with diameters of ½ ", 1", 2 " or 2.5" and the same depth. Soft soil in the form of clay with particle-sizes that passed filter No. 200 was used. Before testing the foundations, carrying capacity analysis was done using the classical method on each pipe with a closed head so that the optimum carrying capacity of each foundation (PVC Pipe) was known. From this test the influence of the size of the foundations on the carrying capacity of soft soil could be seen. The results of this research will help reduce building loss/damage in areas dominated by soft topsoil
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Mangushev, R. A., A. V. Gurskiy, and V. M. Polunin. "ESTIMATION OF DYNAMIC EFFECTS FROM VIBRATION DIPPING OF SHEET PILES ON ENVIRONMENTAL BUILDINGS IN CONDITIONS OF WEAK WATER-SATURATED SOILS." Construction and Geotechnics 11, no. 3 (December 15, 2020): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2020.3.09.
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In weak, structurally unstable soils, the use of the technology of high-frequency vibration immersion of sheet piles, in some cases, is obviously dangerous, and the issue of assessing the limits of applicability of this technology in certain conditions is relevant. The assessment of the dynamic impact on the soil foundation can be made by the level of vibrations. Regulatory documents impose requirements on the level of vibrations of the surrounding soil mass and buildings, however, it is not entirely correct to assess the influence of the technology of high-frequency vibration driving of sheet piles only by the values of vibration acceleration and vibration velocity. The object of the study is the values of deformations of foundations reinforced with piles. At the experimental construction site, we were carried out for the level of vibrations of foundations reinforced with piles 18 m length, from high-frequency vibration immersion of a pipe sheet pile with a diameter of 1200 mm and a length of 18 m. In the process of driving the sheet piles, we were making constant geodesic control over the deformations of adjoining buildings was carried out. The main results are: the example given in the article shows that when the foundations are strengthened, the deformations of the foundation (settlement) remain within the permissible values, despite the significant excess of the permissible level of vibrations of the building foundations. The proposed methodology for the numerical prediction of base deformations from vibration immersion of sheet piles gives satisfactory convergence with the results of field observations and makes it possible to assess qualitatively and quantitatively the settlements of buildings in the surrounding development from vibration immersion / extraction of sheet piles at the preliminary stages of construction.
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Glushkov, Alexey, and Vyacheslav Glushko. "Bases and foundations of buildings at reconstruction." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 365 (June 2018): 042060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/365/4/042060.
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Sorochan, E. A., and D. S. Konyukhov. "Anchored-Slab Foundations for High-Rise Buildings." Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering 42, no. 4 (July 2005): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11204-005-0037-4.
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Sušinskas, Saulius, Zenonas Turskis, Andrius Stasiškis, Jonas Valickas, and Žymantas Rudžionis. "THE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FOUNDATIONS FOR BUILDINGS WITH BEARING WALLS FOR LITHUANIAN SOIL CONDITIONS." JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 20, no. 6 (December 20, 2014): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2014.982698.
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The paper deals with selection of foundations for bearing walls of residential buildings depending on the strength of soil and taking into account the economic benefit. Based on in-situ investigation of soil conditions in different Lithuanian regions and construction technologies, it was found that the cost of foundations comprise 2.5–6% of total costs, and takes up 6–10% of construction time. Strip and pile foundations were analysed taking into account dimensions and mode of production. The proposed case study model enables to save up to 30–50% of foundation costs. It has a significant influence on entire life cycle costs of.
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Zhanabayeva, Assel, Nazerke Sagidullina, Jong Kim, Alfrendo Satyanaga, Deuckhang Lee, and Sung-Woo Moon. "Comparative Analysis of Kazakhstani and European Design Specifications: Raft Foundation, Pile Foundation, and Piled Raft Foundation." Applied Sciences 11, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 3099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11073099.
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The introduction of Eurocode in Kazakhstan allows for the application of modern technological innovations and the elimination of technical barriers for the realization of international projects. It is significant to study the international standards and design requirements provided in Eurocode. This study presents a comparative analysis of Kazakhstani and European approaches for the geotechnical design of foundations and provides the design methods in the considered codes of practice. Three different types of foundations (i.e., raft, pile, and piled raft foundations) were designed following SP RK 5.01-102-2013—Foundations of buildings and structures, SP RK 5.01-103-2013—Pile foundations, and Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design for the Nur-Sultan soil profile. For all three types of foundations, the calculated results of bearing resistance and elastic settlement showed the conservativeness of Eurocode over SNiP-based Kazakhstani building regulations, as the values of bearing resistance and elastic settlement adhering to Kazakhstani code exceeded the Eurocode values. The difference between the obtained results can be explained by the application of higher values of partial safety factors by Eurocode 7. Sensitivity analysis of the bearing resistance on foundation parameters (i.e., raft foundation width and pile length) for the Kazakhstani and European approaches was performed to support the conclusions of the study.
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Hellin Garcia, Maria Jose. "Legitimization and delegitimization strategies on terrorism." Pragmatics. Quarterly Publication of the International Pragmatics Association (IPrA) 23, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 301–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/prag.23.2.05hel.
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This article examines the role of Building Metaphors in the political discourse of the former Spanish president José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero. More specific, it analyzes how Building Metaphors serve as legitimization and delegitimization strategies used by the Government and its anti-terrorist plight. The corpus of investigation comprises all political speeches on terrorism during Zapatero’s two terms in office (from April 2004 to December 2011). I argue that the use of Building Metaphors is a strategy of Zapatero’s whereby the solid ground of the Government’s anti-terrorist initiative is juxtaposed with terrorism’s lack of foundation. Findings suggest that the following conceptual metaphors are used as framing devices: POLITICS IS BUILDING, POLITICAL ENTITIES ARE BUILDINGS, THE GOVERNMENT IS THE BUILDER, TERRORISM IS THE DESTROYER, DEMOCRACY IS A STANDING BUILDING WITH SOLID FOUNDATIONS, TERRORISM IS A BUILDING WITH NO FOUNDATIONS, DEMOCRATIC VALUES ARE CONNECTORS, and TERRORIST VALUES ARE OBSTRUCTORS.
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Dmitrienko, Vladimir, Nadejda Dmitrienko, and Аleksandr Bogomazov. "Impact of “wet conservation” of mining enterprises on constructing buildings of lightweight materials." E3S Web of Conferences 284 (2021): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202128405013.
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The analysis of the influence of flooding of the developed areas of closed mining enterprises on the mechanical characteristics of clay rocks is given. The deformation characteristics of clay shale under prolonged moistening conditions have been experimentally established and proved. Simulation of stress-strain state of soil massifs and building structures by method of finite elements is considered and the influence of power of developed spaces on settlement of building foundations of buildings of light materials is established. The distribution of vertical displacements in the rock massif is presented, the graphs of the dependence of the foundation settlement on the excavation power are plotted, the excess of the standard values of settlement is noted when buildings are located directly above the preparing workings.
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Hassan, Osama A. B. "Effect of foundation designs of passive house on the thermal bridges at the ground." Journal of Engineering, Design and Technology 14, no. 3 (July 4, 2016): 602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jedt-09-2014-0059.
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Purpose This paper aims to understand the effect of different foundation designs of passive house on the resultant thermal bridges, at the junction between a wall and a slab on grade. Design/methodology/approach The linear thermal transmittances of some newly developed foundations of passive house are determined. The investigated foundation designs are L-element, U-element and foundation with foam glass technique. Findings It is found that the special design of passive house foundation can considerably influence the heat flow through thermal bridges. In this context, it is proposed a new foundation design of passive house, which has relatively low heat loss through thermal bridges. The results are compared with the “default” ISO values used to evaluate the effect of thermal bridges in typical buildings. It is found that there is large difference between the calculated linear thermal transmittances at the investigated foundations of passive house as compared to typical buildings. Practical implications The results can hopefully be used to improve the energy efficiency of the passive house. Social implications Sustainable solution of buildings. Originality/value A new foundation design of passive house is suggested to reduce heat loss through thermal bridges.
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Hokmabadi, Aslan S., and Behzad Fatahi. "Influence of Foundation Type on Seismic Performance of Buildings Considering Soil–Structure Interaction." International Journal of Structural Stability and Dynamics 16, no. 08 (August 25, 2016): 1550043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219455415500431.
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In selecting the type of foundation best suited for mid-rise buildings in high risk seismic zones, design engineers may consider that a shallow foundation, a pile foundation, or a pile-raft foundation can best carry the static and dynamic loads. However, different types of foundations behave differently during earthquakes, depending on the soil–structure interaction (SSI) where the properties of the in situ soil and type of foundation change the dynamic characteristics (natural frequency and damping) of the soil–foundation–structure system. In order to investigate the different characteristics of SSI and its influence on the seismic response of building frames, a 3D numerical model of a 15-storey full-scale (prototype) structure was simulated with four different types of foundations: (i) A fixed-based structure that excludes the SSI, (ii) a structure supported by a shallow foundation, (iii) a structure supported by a pile-raft foundation in soft soil and (iv) a structure supported by a floating (frictional) pile foundation in soft soil. Finite difference analyzes with FLAC3D were then conducted using real earthquake records that incorporated material (soil and superstructure) and geometric (uplifting, gapping and [Formula: see text] effects) nonlinearities. The 3D numerical modeling procedure had previously been verified against experimental shaking table tests conducted by the authors. The results are then presented and compared in terms of soil amplification, shear force distribution and rocking of the superstructure, including its lateral deformation and drift. The results showed that the type of foundation is a major contributor to the seismic response of buildings with SSI and should therefore be given careful consideration in order to ensure a safe and cost effective design.
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Lushnikov, V. V. "THE WORD ABOUT THE FOUNDATION (OR THE FOUNDATION AS AN ANALOGUE OF THE SUPPORTS OF THE CREATIONS OF NATURE)." Construction and Geotechnics 10, no. 2 (December 15, 2019): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9826/2019.2.02.
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The foundations that serve together with the soils of the foundations of buildings and structures are directly or indirectly borrowed by Man from what was created in Nature - supports of her living and non-living creations: the feet of Man or animals, the roots of plants. Different types of foundations have their counterparts in nature. It is interesting to see how and why these or other forms of Supports appeared, their sizes, how they change, adapt to changes in the environment during the existence of the creation of Nature. And how a Man can use the finds of Nature in his activities in the design of foundations and even buildings and structures. Examples are a pillar foundation that can be cut from a person’s foot; slab foundation - paws of waterfowl; Pile foundation essentially has much in common with the legs of hoofed animals. The heat-insulated foundation can be compared with the paws of a polar bear, whose feet are “lined” with fur. Particular attention is paid to the root system of the tree, which can be considered an ideal foundation. The ability of various trees to adapt to the terrain on which it grows is an example of a possible approach to designing rational types of foundations. The principle of inclusion in the work under the loads of the soil surrounding the root system is implemented in the Tree. At the same time, the roots “reinforce” the surrounding soil, create from it a single system, which perceives the loads acting on the tree. Such an approach is implemented, for example, when constructing foundations or hardening soils using the geotechnogenic system.
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Goncharov, Anatoly, and Vladimir Yefimov. "Increasing the laying depth of the foundations fordeepened underground buildingsparts." E3S Web of Conferences 258 (2021): 09017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202125809017.
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The article lays down the basic rules for increasing the laying depth of foundations and gives examples of how these works are carried out if the underground part of the building needs to be deepened. With the small size of the deepening of the basement in low-rise buildings, it is possible to deepen the foundations without hanging them at a lower cost. Meanwhile the risk of uneven sedimentary deformations is lower than whilehanging of load-bearing walls with the device of through beams. If it is necessary to deepen the underground part with an increase in the bearing capacity of the foundations, it is most rational to use composite piles which are submerged with pressure and are supported by existing belt foundations. The application of this method requires the mandatory installation of distributing beams under the tape foundation, providing the transfer of the load from the pile indentation on the volume of the structures, significantly exceeding by the weight of the indentation force.