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Sarr, Ousainou. "Leadership and Organizational Policies for Sustainable Development in The Gambia: Perspectives of Leaders of Public Institutions on the Role of Capacity Building." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617365947816379.
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Byass, Peter. "Microcomputer support for health care delivery in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12413/.
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Microcomputer support for health care delivery is a relatively new concept in developing countries, despite serious shortages of human expertise. In this light, the concept of microcomputer-based decision support for patient management at the rural health centre level in The Gambia is discussed and developed. Possible methodologies are devised and evaluated, taking into account constraints imposed both by feasibility of hardware for the rural African setting and by appropriate software techniques. Clinical data were collected for a pilot system, which was implemented using a Bayesian methodology, and assessed, with encouraging results. Further sources of data were then considered in order to generalise the pilot system into a prototype, which was implemented on a portable solar-powered microcomputer. The evaluation of this prototype system, and the difficulties involved in undertaking rigorous evaluations of this type of decision aid, are described and discussed. Whilst it is not proven that major health benefits would arise from the widespread introduction of such systems, the results of this preliminary study suggest that this type of approach merits further consideration and development.
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Bytyci, Seb. "Public institutions in transforming societies." Thesis, University of York, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/15371/.
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This research comprises of a comparative case study of two public revenue organisations in the post-conflict state building context of Kosovo. The key aim is to understand effectiveness and efficiency of public institutions in transforming countries. It relies mainly on the theory of prismatic society proposed by Riggs, which states that institutions in transforming societies are ineffective and inefficient due to multiplicity of norms leading to corruption. It holds that bureaucracies interfere in the political decision-making due to the weakness of political institutions. I found that the context of Kosovo could be described as neo-prismatic due to prior societal diffraction. As a consequence political institutions are relatively developed compared to bureaucracy and political interference in public institutions is widespread. Yet, effective institutions can be built if there is insulation from political interference. While there are views that political influence has negative consequences for institutions, an opposing view suggests that bureaucratic autonomy would lead to corruption. I found the ways in which political interference takes place through various forms of prismatic behaviour affecting the institutions I studied. My findings help inform future organisational design efforts.
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Frot, Emmanuel. "Cultural transmission, public goods, and institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1975/.
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This thesis discusses the consequences of different institutional forms in various settings, with a particular focus on the interactions between institutions, cultural transmission, and public goods. Chapter 1 introduces the main ideas, motivation, and results of the subsequent chapters. It provides a detailed summary of the thesis. Chapter 2 considers how institutions that modify behaviors affect the transmission of cultural traits. It argues that they create an environment that crowds out the behavior they were trying to promote. When applied to a model of public good provisions it illustrates how institutions that reduce free riding may decrease the level of public good in the long run. Chapter 3 extends this framework to make institutions endogenous. Individuals vote for their preferred institutional arrangement and the outcome is determined by majority voting. The crowding out of behaviors imply that agents have an incentive to affect strategically the transmission of preferences through collective socialization. Institutions can induce the formation of additional institutions such as schools in order to guarantee their sustainability. Chapter 4 considers that children acquire preferences through the choice of friends in the population, and that parents try to influence this choice. It shows how this creates a game between parents where their efforts to socialize their children to a particular cultural trait constitutes a public good. It studies the consequences for cultural groups of being intolerant and how they can survive cultural transmission. Chapter 5 uses the important example of commons as an institutional failure. It examines the case for privatization in an environment with different resources that may not be all privatized. It shows that labor reallocation reduces the gains of privatization, potentially to the point of reducing welfare. First best institutions may fail in a second best environment.
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Lechthaler, Wolfgang. "Firm training, public policy and institutions /." Bamberg : Difo-Druck, 2006. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00155422.pdf.
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Newman, Andrew Thomas Newman. "The Emergent Good of Public Institutions." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1534008861266331.
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Gutman-Frish, Pnina. "Geriatric institutions in Israel : different strategic trends between governmental, public and private institutions." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412113.
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Altides, Christina. "Making EU politics public : how the EU institutions develop public communication /." Baden-Baden : Nomos, 2009. http://d-nb.info/996952829/04.
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Greenaway, Chris. "Humoral response to M. tuberculosis antigens in patients with tuberculosis in the Gambia." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=80282.
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New tests to diagnose active tuberculosis (TB) that are simple, rapid and inexpensive, yet sensitive and specific are urgently needed. We assessed the sensitivity and specificity of seven different M. tuberculosis antigens for the diagnosis of active pulmonary TB in The Gambia. Three of the antigens tested were restricted, i.e. absent from BCG and some non-tuberculous mycobacteria (ESAT6, CFP-10 and Rv3871), and four shared, i.e. common to most mycobacteria (38kDa, GLU-S, 19kDa and 14kDa). Sera from 100 patients with active pulmonary TB, 100 household contacts, and 100 healthy neighborhood controls, in the Gambia, were tested by ELISA for antibodies to these 7 antigens. The sensitivity and specificity of both the shared and the restricted antigens were unacceptably low. In countries with high, rates of TB, such as the Gambia, the clinical utility of serologic testing to diagnose active tuberculosis remains limited.
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Böhm, Tobias. "Essays on Incentives in Public and Private Institutions." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-85064.
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Gihozo, Diane. "Adoption of e-procurement in Rwandan Public institutions." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-98992.
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In the modern competitive business environment, government institutions need to embrace information communications technology to remain competitive. Procurement has been recognized as a priority government agenda by many public sector agencies worldwide. In the same line the Government of Rwanda has taken several initiatives to streamline its public procurement system to bring it into line with the fundamental principles of transparency, competition, economy, efficiency, fairness, and accountability. Seminega the director of Rwanda public procurement authority stated that e-procurement can help the Government of Rwanda to reach to the above-mentioned principles .E-procurement can be described as an electronic way of procuring goods and services as well as other procurement process activities with the help of internet and other information and communication technologies systems. Before the adoption of e-procurement in some institutions in Rwanda, all the procurement activities were done traditionally in their institutions and this procurement method has been criticized for having many deficits, that contributed to huge losses in public funds and lacks transparency, accountability, and fair competition. In this regard, the government of Rwanda decided to adopt an e-procurement system in its public institutions. the e-procurement system was launched in August 2016. The pilot stage started with eight public institutions, ministry of finance and economic planning is one of them and it is a case study used in this thesis research. it has been selected by the researcher because it is a cross-cutting ministry in the procurement process. Different forms of e-procurement have been discussed as well as benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement. the purpose of this research study is to examine how the e-procurement system is used and explore the benefits and challenges associated with its adoption in Rwanda’s public institution. Qualitative research was chosen, and a case study was conducted in the ministry of finance and Economic planning. The source of data for the empirical is from personal interviews and second data. The findings of the present study demonstrate that the adoption of the e-procurement system brought several benefits to MINECOFIN but also it presents challenges associated with the adoption of e-procurement
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Persson, Lovisa. "Essays on Politics, Fiscal Institutions, and Public Finance." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-264462.
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Essay 1 (with Mikael Elinder): We show that house prices in general did not respond to a large cut in the property tax in Sweden. Our estimates are based on rich register data covering more than 100,000 sales over a time period of two and a half years. Because the Swedish property tax is national and thus unrelated to local public goods, our setting is ideal for causal identification of the property tax on house prices. Our result that house prices did not respond to the tax cut at the time of implementation cannot be explained by early capitalization at the time of announcement. Two other stories appear to explain our results. First, it is possible that house buyers expect an offsetting increase in the supply of housing. Second, house buyers might simply not understand how the tax cut affects total future costs of owning a house. Unfortunately, it has proven difficult to disentangle the two mechanisms, and we must therefore conclude that both may be relevant. Essay 2: I investigate government consumption smoothing (sensitivity) under a balanced budget rule in Swedish municipalities. In general, I find Swedish municipalities to be highly consumption sensitive. Municipalities consume 87.6% out of predicted current revenues in the time period leading up to the implementation of the balanced budget rule, and they consume 76.3% out of predicted current revenue in thetime period following the implementation. Fiscally weak municipalities are found to be more consumption sensitive than fiscally strong municipalities. Very weak municipalities have become more consumption sensitive compared with very strong municipalities since the implementation of the balanced budget rule. Thus, I find indicative evidence that both credit market constraints and formal budget rules such as balanced budget rules increase municipal consumption sensitivity Essay 3: Using the Swedish municipal sector as my political laboratory, I study the effect of a coalition partner on policy outcomes. I use a version of Regression-Discontinuity Design (RDD) specifically suited to proportional systems to define close elections, which can be used for identifying the effect of the Left Party as coalition partner to the Social Democrats. The Left Party is found to have a positive and medium sized effect on the municipal income tax rate. The positive effect is in line with what we expect given the policy preferences of Left Party representatives, but also given the predictions from political fragmentation theory. I find no effects on expenditures or debt, and the negative result for investments is not robust. Essay 4 (with Linuz Aggeborn): In a model where voters and politicians have different preferences for how much to spend on basic welfare services contra immigration, we conclude that established politicians that are challenged by right-wing populists will implement a policy with no spending on immigration if the cost of immigration is high enough. Additionally, adjustment to right-wing populist policy is more likely when the economy is in a recession. Voters differ in their level of private consumption in such a way that lower private consumption implies higher demand for basic welfare services at the expense of immigration, and thus stronger disposition to support right-wing populist policies. We propose that this within-budget-distributional conflict can arise as an electorally decisive conflict dimension if parties have converged to the median voter on the size-of-government issue.Felaktigt isbn: 978-91-85519-61-3
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Albuquerque, Bruno Alexandre Ferreira. "Fiscal institutions and public spending volatility in Europe." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1947.
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Mestrado em Economia Monetária e FinanceiraThis work provides empirical evidence for a sizeable, statistically significant neg¬ative impact of the quality of fiscal institutions on public spending volatility for a panel of 25 EU countries in the 1980-2007 period. Following Fatas and Mihov (2003), the dependent variable is the volatility of discretionary fiscal policy, which does not represent reactions to changes in economic conditions and which may only reflect exogenous political preferences. Our baseline results thus give support to the strengthening of institutions to deal with excessive levels of discretion volatility. This relationship is based mainly on the fact that countries with more checks and balances make it more difficult for governments to change fiscal policy for reasons un¬related to the current state of the economy. Our results also confirm the findings of Furceri and Poplawski (2008) that bigger countries have less public spending volatil¬ity, while the stabilising function that bigger governments exert also contributes to lower policy volatility. In contrast to previous studies, the political factors do not seem to play a role, with the exception of the Herfindahl index, which suggests that high concentration of parliamentary seats in a few parties would increase public spending volatility. In addition, the run-up to EMU and the SGP dummies have the expected negative sign on policy volatility, while for the new EU members, the results also give some support to reduced levels of policy volatility, reflecting recent improvements in public finances.
Este trabalho documenta empiricamente a existência de um impacto negativo, de magnitude considerável e, estatisticamente significativo da qualidade das instituições orçamentais sobre a volatilidade da despesa pública para um painel de 25 países da UE no período 1980-2007. Seguindo Fatás e Mihov (2003), a variável dependente e a volatilidade da política orçamental discricionária, que não representa reacções a mudanças nas condições económicas e que pode apenas reflectir preferências políticas exógenas. Os resultados de base fornecem então, suporte para o fortalecimento das instituições de modo a lidar com níveis excessivos de volatilidade da política discricionária. Esta relação é baseada sobretudo no facto de que em países com melhores instituições é mais difícil aos governos alterarem a política orçamental por razoes não relacionadas com o estado actual da economia. Os nossos resulta¬dos também confirmam os alcançados por Furceri e Poplawski (2008) de que países maiores tem menor volatilidade da despesa publica, enquanto que a função de estabilização exercida por governos maiores também contribui para reduzir a volatilidade da política. Em contraste com estudos anteriores, os factores políticos não parecem ser importantes, com excepção do índice de Herfindahl, que sugere que elevada concentração de assentos parlamentares em poucos partidos iria aumentar a volatilidade da despesa pública. Adicionalmente, as dummies para a UEM e para o PEC tem o sinal negativo esperado, enquanto que para os novos membros da UE, os resultados também fornecem algum suporte para níveis reduzidos de volatilidade da política, reflectindo melhorias recentes nas finanças públicas.
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Abdalla, K. S. A. "Public relations communications in public diplomacy : Libyan institutions in Egypt and the UK." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/46271/.
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Libya's recent past has limited any potential economic and political benefits, such as interaction, cooperation and association, which positive perceptions of the country might bring about. However, following the revolution of 17 February 2011, Libya has employed public relations communications in its public diplomacy efforts. Yet these efforts have not been subject to any evaluative assessment with regard to public relations communications models, methods, strategies, and themes provided to foreign publics abroad. The key aim of this study is to provide an enriched understanding of Libyan institutions’ public relations practices post 2011 revolution, utilizing the interpretivist paradigm and inductive reasoning due to a lack of previous studies addressing Libyan public relations practices for public diplomacy purposes. Content analysis and interviews were used to investigate the behaviours, opinions, and attitudes of public relations practitioners in Libyan institutions in Egypt and the UK. Anholt’s Nation Brand theory and Grunig’s Excellence theory are proposed as a theoretical framework used to gain a comprehensive understanding of the practice of public relations adopted by Libyan institutions. The findings indicate that this practice depends heavily on a one-way communication model aimed at publicity that concentrates on two key themes: People and Governance. Two image-repair strategies have been utilized by these institutions: the reduction of offensiveness and corrective action. However, the findings also suggest that Libyan institutions in Egypt and the UK do not employ any evaluation strategies to assess the success of their public relations efforts. The study concludes that Libyan public relations practice has not adopted the new concept of public diplomacy in its communication efforts; instead, it has adopted the old, narrow concept of public diplomacy: providing information to that public, most likely through the publicity model. The study is the first to present a comprehensive understanding of the practice of public relations of Libyan institutions abroad. The theoretical framework may be utilized for future academic studies concerning the converging relationship between public relations and public diplomacy. The study also offers a set of recommendations to improve public relations practices in Libyan institutions abroad.
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Hamilton, Carl J. "Implementing Road Pricing : Standards, Institutions, Costs, and Public Acceptance." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Centrum för transportstudier, CTS, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-102755.
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Much has been researched and written about road pricing, and especially how it affects traffic flow, congestion, the environment, and social welfare in general. This doctoral thesis analyses the implementation of road user charges rather than its effects. The dissertation consists of five separate papers, each addressing a subset of the topic. The first paper sheds light on the costs to introduce congestion taxes in Stockholm, and describes how public opinion and political risk lead to a system design that in all likelihood was more expensive than necessary. In the second paper the European regulation on interoperability between road charging system is evaluated from a benefit/cost perspective, which is found to be overly ambitious. Paper three builds upon the second, and suggests a general model for how costs and benefits interact in the case of road charging interoperability. Inpaper four a potential solution is presented for how the practical problems related to enforcement of road charging in an international context or in countries with weak institutions. The fifth and final paper analyses the public opinion of road charges, and especially urban congestion charges, using a survey conducted simultaneously in three European cities.Mycket har forskats och skrivits kring vägavgifter, och framför allt hur de påverkar trafikströmmar, trängsel, miljö och samhällsnytta. Denna sammanläggningsavhandling analyserar införande av vägavgifter snarare än dess effekter. Avhandlingen består av fem uppsatser som var och en tar sig an en delmängd av området. Den första uppsatsen belyser kostnaderna för införande av trängselskatter i Stockholm, och beskriver hur opinion och politisk risk ledde till en systemdesign som troligen var mer kostsam än nödvändigt. I den andra uppsatsen utvärderas den europeiska lagstiftningen för interoperabilitet mellan vägavgiftssystem ifrån ett nytto/kostnads-perspektiv, och finner den alltför ambitiös. Uppsats tre bygger vidare på den andra och föreslår en generell modell för hur kostnader och nyttor samverkar avseende interoperabilitet mellan vägavgiftssystem. I uppsats fyra presenteras en möjlig lösning på hur de praktiska problemen med beivrande av vägavgifter i ett internationellt sammanhang eller i länder med svaga institutioner kan lösas. Den avslutande femte uppsatsenanalyserar allmänhetens attityder till vägavgifter, framför allt urbana trängselavgifter, med hjälp av en enkätundersökning som genomförts samtidigt i tre europeiska städer.
QC 20120925
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Tapia, Canales J. "Analysing economic regulation through institutions, finance and public law." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1344096/.
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The thesis analyses economic regulation primarily through the lenses of institutions, finance and public law. In terms of positive analysis, it focuses on post-privatisation developments in the UK. The first chapter sets out the framework of analysis. Traditional models to study economic regulation are critically assessed. It is argued that these frameworks make only partial assessments of regulation under simplified assumptions. However, it is possible to find complementarities that may serve as fundamentals for further study. Chapter II proposes to broaden the theoretical framework of analysis in three directions, with the aim of providing guidance on how to structure regulatory design in an interdisciplinary context. The third chapter deals with financial implications of regulation. The case of regulation of the capital structure of utilities firms and the regulatory assessment of the cost of capital is specifically studied in order to exemplify the control of risks under regulatory practice. In the fourth chapter the argument is extended to the analysis of the role of the State in infrastructure industries and the significant function that risk plays in economic regulation. It is argued that regulators should control focus their analysis on risk control and the avoidance of the provision of State guarantees as much as possible. Finally, chapter V looks at the role of the courts and the judicial scrutiny of sector-specific economic regulators’ decisions. Since the introduction of specialisation, judicial scrutiny is having an ever-increasing influence on substantive regulatory decisions in the UK. Despite this, some flaws in the regulatory design are highlighted, along with proposals to overcome them. The thesis concludes with some implications for policy design and the analysis of economic regulation.
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Petkun, Jonathan Blake. "Essays on the law and economics of public institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/127036.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics, May, 2020Cataloged from the official PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This thesis consists of three chapters on the legal and economic organization of large-scale public institutions. Each chapter uses the tools of applied microeconomics in order to explore how the legal and organizational structure of public institutions affects the behavior of actors inside and outside of the organization as well as the quality of public goods provided. In other words, my thesis asks the question: how well do our public institutions function, or for whom do they function? Chapter 1 focuses on the inner-workings of the United States civil justice system; chapters 2 and 3 focus their attention on the U.S. military. In Chapter 1 I study a procedural reform in the U.S. federal trial courts. Re-cent court reform efforts in the U.S. and elsewhere have focused on speeding up what are perceived to be slow and burdensome civil justice systems.
I study a Congressionally-enacted reform known as the "six-month list," which uses social pressure to incentivize federal judges to decide cases more quickly. I construct an original dataset of nearly 500,000 federal district court motions--representing the approximate universe of summary judgment motions in federal civil cases for the period 2004-2014--and I exploit quasi-random variation in exposure to the six-month list in order to assess the causal effects of the six-month list on both the speed and quality of adjudications. My results indicate that the six-month list does indeed improve speed, though the effect is heterogeneous across judges, with judges who are young, non-white, or female being among the most responsive. Meanwhile, I find only mixed evidence of effects on the quality of adjudications. I interpret these results as consistent with a model of judicial behavior that Chapter 2 maintains a focus on public sector personnel policy, bit it shifts con-texts from the U.S.
courts to the U.S. military. In this chapter, which is the product of joint work with Christina Patterson and William Skimmyhorn, we study how the structure of common retention incentives affects employee quality in the U.S. military. This complements the existing literature on the determinants of public sector worker quality, which has primarily focused on levels of compensation rather than the structure of personnel policy and other non-wage incentives. We combine administrative data with quasi-random variation to find that low-ability soldiers are relatively more responsive to both lump-sum bonuses and early retirement benefits, and both effects are large enough to lower the organization's average ability level. We provide suggestive evidence that neither access to credit nor differences in personal discount rates explain these selection patterns.
In Chapter 3, joint with Paul Goldsmith-Pinkham, we assess the potential for pecuniary externalities relating to military housing allowances. In providing housing to its troops, the U.S. military chooses between direct in-kind provision (i.e. on-base barracks and family housing) and cash transfers (i.e. lump-sum housing allowances). In areas with a high military share of the overall population, military housing policies can have potentially significant impacts on the local civilian housing market. Anecdotally, some worry that military housing allowances drive up local housing prices, making it difficult for civilians to compete with their military neighbors for affordable housing. We combine panel data on the evolution of ZIP code-level military housing allowances and rental and house prices with plausibly exogenous changes to the military's housing allowance formula in order to identify pecuniary externalities.
We find suggestive evidence that increases to local military housing allowance rates generate sizeable pecuniary effects, with a 1% increase in military housing allowances leading to a 0.25% increase in local house prices in areas with a nearby military base.
byJonathan Blake Petkun.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Economics
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Kioko, Sharon N. "Fiscal institutions and state government fiscal performance." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3330814.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2008.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Jul 22, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-10, Section: A, page: 4120. Adviser: Craig L. Johnson.
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Boas, Andrew, and n/a. "Institutions, cooperation, and the quota management system." University of Otago. Department of Geography, 1994. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20070531.130233.
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The purpose of this thesis is to analyse the evolution of New Zealand�s Quota Management System (QMS) for marine fisheries. Analysis is performed using institutional theory and methodology.
A broad review of institutional theory is made. In contrast to neoclassical economic theory, of which institutionalists have been a major voice of dissent, institutionalism stresses a holistic approach to policy analysis. An understanding of the the forces for institutional change and the structure of that change are the primary focus of institutionalism.
An institutional framework for understanding the common pool nature of fishery resources is adopted. This highlights how the physical and technical characteristics of the resource and related decision-making arrangements influence the patterns of human interaction that determine the outcomes of a management regime such as the QMS.
It is shown that the QMS was adopted in 1986 to address the biological crisis that had occurred because of past open access management policies. The fiscal crisis and the economic ideology prevailing at the time were also influential in promoting the QMS. The system was not able to be expanded as was intended because of a series of challenges from Maori disputing the Crown�s right to fishery resources. The Deed of Settlement signed in 1992, has supposedly settled Maori claims to commercial fisheries and allowed expansion of the QMS.
Assessing the QMS using the institutional framework developed, showed the strong influence that neoclassical ideology has played in determining the outcomes achieved. Inadequate information concerning biophysical, social and economic implications of fishing constrain the ability of the QMS to successfully manage the resource. Inconsistencies and inadequacies in the legislation are only just being addressed as part of a comprehensive legislative review process.
The future development of the QMS is also addressed in terms of the likelihood of cooperative common property management regimes being adopted. The common pool nature of the fisheries makes common property management regimes preferable. Cooperative community cultures are claimed by institutionalists to improve the outcomes achieved in common property regimes. There was considered, however, to be only limited potential for cooperation within the current institutional structure for New Zealand�s fisheries. Although the changes of the legislative review appear to be making some progressive changes, the diversity of interest groups and the prevailing western culture are seen as potential impediments to a comprehensive cooperative regime.
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Jawla, Muhammed, Folawiyo S. Olanrewaju, and Megan Quinn. "Factors Influencing Attitude Towards The Use of Mosquito Nets in Households in The Gambia." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2019. https://dc.etsu.edu/asrf/2019/schedule/38.
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Malaria is caused by Plasmodium parasites, which are transmitted via the bite of infected female anopheles mosquitoes. There were 217 million cases of malaria worldwide, and about 435,000 malaria related deaths in 2017. WHO Africa region accounted for 92% and 93% of malaria cases and deaths worldwide. According to The Gambia National Malaria Strategic Plan 2013-2020, malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to identify factors influencing attitude towards the use of mosquito nets in households in The Gambia using Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) data. The current study is a secondary data analysis with a, cross-sectional study design. The source of the data for this study is the DHS, which was conducted by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) together with the Gambia Bureau of Statistics (GBOS) in 2013. The study sample is representative of The Gambian population. The sample size for the study was 5276 subjects. Statistical Analysis System (SAS 9.3) was used for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were generated for the factors been tested. These included area of residence, presence of electricity, indoor residual spraying, highest level of education and wealth index. The outcome variable measured was household use of mosquito nets (Yes/No). Logistic regression analysis was done to determine whether area of residence, wealth index, education level, presence of electricity and indoor residual spraying influence attitude towards use of mosquito nets in households. Stepwise binary logistic regression was used to determine the final model with the most significant predictors. Odds ratios and corresponding confidence intervals were reported. Most of the study participants were poor (46%). Those with no education made up 45.5% of the study population and 58% of dwellings had no indoor residual spraying done in the past year. 76.6% and 59.1% of respondents lived in households that had at least one mosquito net and no electricity supply, respectively. 50.6% of the respondents resided in rural areas. Logistic regression analysis showed that wealth index, indoor residual spraying and area of residence were significant factors (p<0.05) influencing attitude towards use of mosquito nets in households. Indoor residual spraying (OR=2.00; 95% C.I. 1.71-2.36), primary school education (OR=1.1; 95% C.I. 0.94-1.32), middle class wealth index (OR=1.32; 95% C.I. 1.05-1.67) and rural residence (OR=1.29; 95% C.I. 1.01-1.64) are all independent factors that increased likelihood of mosquito net usage in households. Identifying factors that influence the usage of mosquito nets in households, can be useful in developing target interventions to further reduce malaria morbidity and mortality in The Gambia. Knowledge from this study can be used to further strengthen the national malaria strategic plan. To further establish causality and increase strength of association between factors and outcome, a case control or cohort study design will be needed, since that is one of the limitations of a cross sectional study.
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Siekman, Jennifer L. "Education versus equality : supporting single-gender, public institutions for women." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020185.
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This study presents a theory supporting single-gender, public institutions for women based on constitutional and legal history, educational theory, and feminist theory. Evidence from these areas suggest that single-gender, public institutions can be legally reviewed as constitutionally sound; that women can positively affect their situation in public life by learning the tools necessary to succeed in an educational environment without the added competition of men; and that once women experience leadership positions in college, they will understand how to gain access to channels of power. In order to reach the masses of women, this form of education must be offered as a choice in the public system of higher education so that all women, regardless of geographic or financial restrictions, can take advantage of a single-gender education.Department of Secondary, Higher, and Foundations of Education
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Akin, Susan Ellis. "University development efforts : a study of four Virginia public institutions /." Diss., This resource online, 1995. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-10052007-143631/.
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Stalowski, Nancy. "Philanthropic Funding and State Appropriations at Public Higher Education Institutions." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2021. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=28260123.
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As state appropriations, once the primary public source of funding for higher education, have decreased, higher education institutions have attempted to increase the private funding they can generate in addition to increasing tuition. This shift from public to private sources of funding for public higher education institutions requires a better understanding of the relationship between these two sources of funding. The purpose of this study was to explore the change in philanthropic funding for public four-year higher education institutions from 2004–2018. It examined the relationship between state appropriations and philanthropic funding received by public four-year higher education institutions to determine if state appropriations were associated with philanthropic giving. It also investigated whether the relationship differed by institutional type and competitiveness to determine if it increased stratification among public higher education institutions. This study found that between 2004 and 2018, total philanthropic funding per FTE increased while state appropriations per FTE decreased. The main reason for these trends were decreases during the recession, where state appropriations per FTE decreased 21% while total philanthropic funding per FTE only decreased 3%. All types of philanthropic funding had a U-shaped growth curve showing a decline then increase except for foundation philanthropic funding per FTE, which grew linearly. State appropriations were found to be associated with the amount of philanthropic funding received. An increase in state appropriations was associated with an increase in philanthropic funding from 2004–2010, but a decrease in philanthropic funding from 2011–2018. There were significant differences by Carnegie classification and flagship status but none for Barron’s selectivity. There were also differences based on donor types. The findings add to the research on donor motivations in higher education by showing the differences in growth curves for different donor types. They also add to the literature on philanthropic funding during recessions by analyzing giving trends before, during, and after the Great Recession of 2008. Finally, results show that there was most likely an increase in the stratification of public higher education institutions as they shifted to more private sources of funding, as philanthropic funding is more unequally distributed than state appropriations.
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Henkel, Stefanie Julia Elisabeth. "The impact of public brands on the development of trust-based cooperations between public institutions /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2008. http://aleph.unisg.ch/hsgscan/hm00240557.pdf.
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Henkel, Stefanie. "The impact of public brands on the development of trust-based cooperations between public institutions." Hamburg Kovač, 2008. http://d-nb.info/990211983/04.
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Rose, Jonathan. "Citizens' perceptions of standards in public life." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12575/.
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This thesis analyses citizens' perceptions of standards in public life. It attempts to understand whether perceptions such as these are important substantively for questions of citizen disaffection, and begins the task of analyzing how citizens come to hold the perceptions they do. The thesis presents a systematic investigation into this topic, placing perceived standards in the context of a discussion about citizen disaffection and the perceived legitimacy of political systems. As they are conceived of in this thesis, 'standards in public life' can usefully be thought of as the 'rules of the game' or the 'spirit of public service'. Standards in public life are less a set of formal, prescriptive rules, more an exhortation to the appropriate exercise of public office. Such a focus upon the 'rules of the game' results in the primary concern of this thesis being about the process of governing, as opposed to the outcomes governors can produce. The thesis investigates perceptions of standards in two parts. Part 1 considers broad questions of the conceptualisation, measurement and structure of citizen beliefs about government in general, and perceptions of standards in particular. The findings of Part 1 therefore provide a base upon which future analyses can be built. Part 2 investigates the causes of perceptions of standards, focusing upon three aspects of political ‘conditions’: partisan co-alignment, the ‘scandal’ concerning Derek Conway’s use of parliamentary expenses to employ his son to do essentially no work, and the MPs’ expenses scandal. The analyses in this thesis are primarily quantitative, and investigate a series of four datasets, which contain data collected in the United Kingdom between 2003 and 2011.
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Gallego-Calderon, Raquel. "'New public management reforms' in the Catalan public health sector, 1985-1995 : institutional choices, transactions costs and policy change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3231/.
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This research uses a transactions costs approach to examine recent developments in the public sector organisational arrangements. It explores the extent to which transactions costs or other factors drive the institutional choices that legislators make about policy implementation. The area of application is the adoption of 'new public management' (NPM) reforms in Catalonia for the governance of the public health care sector in the period from the early 1980s to the mid-1990s. The methodology used combines qualitative and quantitative approaches in the analysis of data from both primary and secondary sources. The primary sources used here include thirty-eight in-depth and semi-structured interviews with key informants, non-published internal reports from major organisations and an annual survey of all health providers carried out by the Department of Health and Social Security of the Catalan government. The secondary sources include official publications and relevant academic journals and books on the subject. The study analyses both the policy formulation process leading up to a particular institutional design and the nature of the further implementation process in the Catalan health sector. First, policy precedents are identified and the resources and interests of the policy elites analysed as a basis for understanding the output of the reform formulation in 1990. Second, the analysis shows how transactions costs considerations shaped the stances taken by legislators and influenced the final institutional design. Third, a number of subsequent implementation short-falls are traced to some efforts at minimising transactions costs which turned out to be incompatible with NPM postulates. The analysis shows that the impact of politics, that is, the repeated interactions among policy elites controlling complementary resources, shape the way in which transactions costs and other considerations are approached in both policy formulation and implementation processes. A central theoretical lesson drawn from this research is that although transactions costs are difficult to measure, they are useful heuristic tools for analysing the rationale driving decision-making processes on institutional design. However, both the theoretical definition of transactions costs and their actual impact on decision making are mediated by power relations, that is, by politics.
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York, Abigail M. "Land use institutions in an urbanizing landscape." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3163025.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Public and Environmental Affairs, 2005.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 66-02, Section: A, page: 0755. Adviser: Elinor Ostrom. Title from dissertation home page (viewed Oct. 18, 2006).
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Marrone, Jenna. "INSPIRING PUBLIC TRUST IN OUR CULTURAL INSTITUTIONS: ARCHIVES, PUBLIC HISTORY, AND THE PRESIDENT'S HOUSE IN PHILADELPHIA." Master's thesis, Temple University Libraries, 2012. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/162224.
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HistoryM.A.
The so-called culture wars of recent years have created an ethos of caution in our cultural institutions. Museums often avoid exhibits and programming that might prove controversial for fear of public backlash. This paper examines how public historians and archivists might work together to devise strategies for positive public engagement in controversial history projects. Archives have the power to ensure the public's trust in their cultural institutions, while primary source material can be utilized to promote constructive conversation among audiences. Public conflict will be directed into more productive channels if museums create a safe space for dialogue.
Temple University--Theses
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Hurabielle, Jacques Pierre Emile. "Canada's public colleges and postsecondary technical institutions' involvement in international education." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ34781.pdf.
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Westervelt, Sonya Lepper. "The motivations of major gift donors who support public horticulture institutions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 132 p, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400423281&sid=15&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Adorka, Matthias Kofi Besa. "Prescribing patterns of antibiotics in Lesotho public health institutions / M.K.B. Adorka." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4350.
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Enslin, Hester Kuyser Katharina. "An assessment of intrapreneurship in public secondary educational institutions / H.K.K. Enslin." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4561.
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Intrapreneurship is examined in this study with specific reference to six public secondary educational institutions in the Klerksdorp and Orkney Area which is situated in the North–West Province in South Africa. The objective of the study is to assess the level of intrapreneurship within top, middle and lower management levels with the focus to provide recommendations regarding the encouragement and fostering of an intrapreneurial climate in these institutions. A literature review was conducted to explore intrapreneurship and an intrapreneurial climate. The establishment of an intrapreneurial climate was found to be dependent on the presence of 13 constructs. The 13 constructs measuring the intrapreneurial climate of organisations and the five variables measuring the perceived success of the organisation were constructed in a questionnaire to measure the intrapreneurial climate of the participating public secondary educational institutions. A target group of 267 personnel members was identified and questionnaires were provided to all persons in this group. A total of 121 usable questionnaires were received on which statistical analysis was conducted. The validity of each construct was individually determined by the calculation of a Cronbach Alpha coefficient and tests for both statistical and practical significance were performed to determine the effect of demographical variables on each construct as well as the variables measuring the perceived success of the organisation. Recommendations regarding possible action steps to improve the intrapreneurial climate of public secondary educational institutions were made based on the empirical analysis as well as the literature review. Finally the study concluded with a measurement of the achievement of objectives and suggestions for further research.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Hoffmann, Amy M. "Alternative interpretive strategies for multi-generational learning in public horticulture institutions." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 134 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605142581&sid=6&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Perlzweig, Benjamin. "Progressive governance at public sector institutions and NGOs the particular benefits." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2006. http://d-nb.info/991165683/04.
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Van, Meter Heather J. "Sustainable development and public international institutions : lessons from the mining industry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7753/.
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This thesis analyzes public and private international efforts towards sustainable development to date in the mining industry. Specifically, this thesis analyzes the roles of the United Nations, WTO, IMF and World Bank, and other institutions promoting sustainable development in the mining industry. This thesis also considers private company and NGO efforts towards sustainable development in the mining industry. The thesis concludes by recommending a public-private partnership for shared value in the mining industry with respect to sustainable development, meaning a partnership between industry, NGOs and public international institutions that generates economic value while simultaneously producing value to society by addressing societal and environmental problems.
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Mani, Ankur. "Bilateral exchanges in social networks and the design of public institutions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/91435.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, February 2014.120
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages [169]-180).
In this thesis, I study bilateral exchanges in social networks. I integrate the market based approach in economics and network based approach in sociology. I also give a joint model of externalities and peer pressure in networks and propose mechanisms to control externalities in networked societies. The study of exchanges in networks is big and growing. In this thesis, I focus on exclusive exchanges or matching in bipartite networks where the matched couples perform an economic exchange with each other. This thesis makes three contributions to matching theory. First, I relax the standard assumptions of costless transfers between matched couples and introduce a new algorithm to compute stable matchings or core with proofs of correctness and convergence. Second, I introduce a new distributed dynamics and show that it converges to stable matching. Third, I give an axiomatic characterization of fair outcomes in bipartite matching based upon a collective bargaining argument and give a fast algorithm to compute it. I also introduce a joint model of externalities and peer pressure in networks and propose new design of public institutions that are more efficient in the control of externalities in networked societies. The design principles I propose are well suited for environmental policies, and health policies. The same design principles can also be used for marketing and revenue management for products and services with network externalities. I demonstrate the efficiency of my policies in two experiments. The first experiment showed that my proposed policies give better outcome in promoting higher physical activity among people than traditional policies such as Pigouvian subsidies. The second experiment showed that my proposed policy can help promote energy conservation and I report much higher conservation than any achieved through price shocks or any other energy conservation experiment in my knowledge.
by Ankur Mani.
Ph. D.
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Ucer, Ahmet Suheyl. "The role of public institutions in creating social capital : Turkey's experience." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2015. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/383994/.
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Di, Cataldo Marco. "Regional and local development in Europe : public policies, investment strategies, institutions." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2017. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3715/.
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The development strategies being promoted in the EU – Europe 2020 and the 2014-2020 Cohesion Policy – aim to supersede the presumed incompatibility between efficiency and equity through a policy approach tailoring interventions to the key specificities of all territories, including the most disadvantaged. In this view, the socio-economic progress of lagging regions would help keeping under control any increase in inequalities potentially associated with the economic development process. However, the idea of promoting spatially-targeted interventions in economically backward areas has been conceptually questioned, and the effectiveness of the Cohesion Policy programme in poorer regions is yet to be convincingly proven. In the policy framework underpinning EU strategies, a key role is assigned to the quality of regional and local government institutions. Public institutions are conceived as instrumental for identifying and solving the bottlenecks inhibiting economic growth and perpetuating social exclusion in poorer places. Nevertheless, local governments may also be responsible for wastes and misallocations of financial resources. While theoretical contributions on the importance of government institutions for regional and local development abound, empirical evidence on their functioning is scarce. Through which mechanisms they influence the design and outcomes of public policies is unclear. Drawing from cross-country investigations and case-studies in the European context, the four quantitative studies composing this Thesis contribute to shed light on these related issues. Focusing on the United Kingdom, the first paper evaluates the economic and labour market impact of EU Cohesion Policy. Counterfactual analyses demonstrate that EU regional policies may have a beneficial impact on the labour market and growth path of peripheral regions. The study warns over possible negative repercussions of a discontinuation of EU financial support to poorer areas, a result of obvious relevance for the country after ‘Brexit’. By exploiting panel samples of EU regions, the second and third papers shed light on the role of government institutions for the returns of regional investments and for labour market and social conditions in Europe. The second paper examines the link between institutional quality, transport infrastructure investments, and economic growth. It shows that improvements in secondary (local) roads are conducive to a better economic performance only in presence of sound regional governments. The third paper investigates the extent to which the factors at the centre of European growth strategies – institutions, innovation, human capital and transport infrastructure – contribute to the generation of employment and to social inclusion in EU regions. The evidence produced suggests that regional government institutions have been essential to mitigate social exclusion issues in EU regions. The fourth paper focuses on Southern Italy to examine how public finances are distorted by ‘local governments captures’ operated by organised crime. Collusions between mafia and local politics have a significant impact on the selection of investments and on the collection of fiscal revenues. The local policy agenda is modified to the advantage of the interests of organised crime. Overall, the evidence emerging from this Thesis suggests that policy interventions have the potential to boost the economic and labour market performance of the less developed EU regions. However, any favourable policy outcome (both in terms of efficiency and equity) is conditioned by the competence and the goodwill of government institutions responsible for defining development targets and enforcing investment plans. When politicians are conditioned by illegal pressures from criminal groups, investment decisions follow special interests rather than general welfare goals. In turn, inadequate governance harms the economic impact of selected interventions. The results are particularly relevant for the lively debate, within economic geography, on the pre-conditions and policy measures enabling ‘smart and inclusive’ development at the sub-national level.
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Cherok, Jessica A. "Explaining Education: Case Studies on the Development of Public Education Institutions." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1275426868.
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Martin, Florine. "L’accompagnement public et privé des demandeurs d’emploi : théories, institutions et évaluations." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST0054.
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Cette thèse se propose d'évaluer les modalités et l'organisation de l'accompagnement des demandeurs d'emploi au sein d'un opérateur privé de placement, le cabinet Sodie, afin d'en extraire les principaux leviers de performance. Dans un premier chapitre, nous analysons les effets théoriques et empiriques engendrés par les dispositifs d'accompagnement d'une part, et par le recours à la sous-traitance d'autre part. Le second chapitre porte sur le cadre institutionnel français de l'accompagnement des demandeurs d'emploi. Nous montrons dans quelle mesure le service public français de l'emploi répond aux critères d'efficacité énoncés dans le chapitre précédent. Dans un troisième chapitre, nous étudions comment la diversification des missions du cabinet et notamment la sous-traitance pour Pôle Emploi a modifié le travail des conseillers mais aussi l'organisation de la structure ainsi que ses méthodologies d'accompagnement. Le chapitre 4 porte sur une expérimentation contrôlée de deux dispositifs : les engagements mensuels de reclassement et la mise en place d'une plateforme Relation Entreprise destinée à prospecter le marché caché du travail. Nous mesurons l'impact d'un changement de méthodologie sur le reclassement durable des demandeurs d'emploi accompagnés. Le chapitre 5 porte sur les effets d'un choc d'information. Nous montrons comment les informations de profilage sont utilisées par les conseillers à travers l'impact sur les candidats sélectionnés et leur performance de reclassementThis thesis proposes to evaluate methods and organization of placement of job-seekers in a private agency, Sodie. The goal is to show the most important performance levers. In the first chapter, we discuss the theoretical and empirical effects of placement on the one hand, and, on the other hand, of the use of private agencies. The second chapter focuses on the institutional framework of placement in France. We show how the French public employment service (Pôle Emploi) meets the performance criteria identified in the previous chapter. In the third chapter, we study how the diversification of missions including outsourcing for Pôle Emploi has changed the work of placement agents and the placement methods of Sodie. Chapter 4 focuses on a randomized experiment of two provisions : the “engagements mensuels de reclassement” and the implementation of the “plateforme Relation Entreprise” for exploring the “hidden” labor market. Chapter 5 focuses on the impact of a shock of information. We show how profiling informations is used by counselors through the impact on their choice of candidates and on their performance in rehabilitation
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Colley, Lamin, and Timothy Timdy Gaye. "An investigation of Audit Expectation Gap in the Public Sector in Sub-Saharan Africa : the Case of The Gambia." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20769.
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The aspect of the audit expectation gap continues to be an issue and detrimental to the auditing profession especially as auditors and the public continues to hold different beliefs about the auditors’ duties and responsibilities, and the messages conveyed by audit reports. This phenomenon has long been investigated in several Western and Asian countries with numerous studies that empirically confirmed the existence of this phenomenon between auditors and non-auditors (audit stakeholders). However, it appears paradoxical that only few studies have been conducted empirically in establishing the existence of this gap, in Sub-Saharan Africa, especially in the public sector. Meaning, there is a dearth of research regarding an AEG in the public sector. Besides, regarding The Gambia, it appears that no study has ever been conducted to establish the existence of an AEG. Hence, this thesis aims to investigate the existence of AEG in The Gambia public sector from the viewpoints of public auditors and non-auditing professionals to establish the existence and nature of the audit expectations gap and how this phenomenon can be bridged to uphold the credibility of the auditing profession. A purposive sampling was used to select 13 participants with a structured interview data collection approach. The results of the study shows that the non-auditing professionals perceived ‘detection and prevention of fraud and corruption’, and ‘assurance on the effectiveness of internal controls’ to include auditors’ roles and responsibilities, and faithfully expect them to perform these tasks; and also associate absolute assurance to audit opinions, thus resulting in naive or an unreasonable expectations gap.
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Arsyad, Lincolin, and arsy0002@flinders edu au. "AN ASSESSMENT OF PERFORMANCE AND SUSTAINABILITY OF MICROFINANCE INSTITUTIONS: A Case Study of Village Credit Institutions in Gianyar, Bali, Indonesia." Flinders University. Development Studies, 2006. http://catalogue.flinders.edu.au./local/adt/public/adt-SFU20060621.142512.
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Microfinance institutions have evolved as an economic development tool intended to benefit low-income people. The benefit, however, can only be achieved if the institutions have a good financial and outreach performance. This study has three objectives. The first objective is to assess the influences of informal and formal institutions and their interrelationships on the practical operational arrangement of Village Credit Institutions of Bali (Lembaga Perkreditan Desa or LPD). Second, to evaluate the financial performance and outreach indicators of the institutions and to assess the influence of informal and formal institution on the sustainability of the institutions, which has received little attention from previous studies. Finally, to outline some elements of a strategic business plan for two selected village credit institutions (LPDs) in Gianyar district, LPD Mas and LPD Kerta.
By using a case study approach, this study finds that the informal institutions (such as social values, norms, and sanctions) have significant influences on the practical arrangements of the LPDs, including the organisation, recruitment procedure, delivery mechanism, and remuneration system. Along with the influence of informal institutions, the formal institutions have also had some direct influences on the practical operational arrangements of the LPDs that are reflected in the supervision and guidance system of LPDs, an obligation to apply prudential principles of banking, and the remuneration system. The findings also show that the local government regulations (formal institutions) concerning the LPDs have accommodated the informal institutions of the Balinese in the background of their establishment, status and ownership, and organisation of the LPDs.
Based on the performance indicators - portfolio quality, leverage, capital adequacy ratio (CAR), productivity, efficiency, profitability, self-sufficiency, and outreach � the LPDs in Gianyar district could be considered as success microfinance institutions. The success is influenced by some important factors. First, the use of local people in managing the LPDs and the application of character-based lending system in screening the clients. This has resulted in a high clients� sense of belonging and moral obligation to support the development of the LPD Second, the use of social (custom) sanctions in the contractual enforcement has forced the borrowers to comply with their credit contract in a timely fashion. Third, the use of local community personnel whose remuneration is based on performance and low transaction costs has resulted in the high efficiency of LPDs. Fourth, a growing economy and supporting government policy at all levels through provision of a legal basis for the LPDs and the Central Bank regulation (formal institutions) have also contributed to the success of the LPDs. Thus, based on the necessary conditions of sustainable microfinance institution proposed by some scholars(Yaron 1994; Christen 1998), it can be concluded that the Gianyar district LPDs have been sustainable, and by that implication they have positive net social benefits for their clients.
Any attempt, however, to replicate the achievements of the LPDs by imitating its mode of operations should be conducted with great caution. A mechanism that works well in one socioeconomic environment (in this instance, in Bali) will not necessarily work in another, where the social system including social norms and values are different. But, the experience of the LPDs is a valuable thing since it has highlighted some critical issues that should be considered when handling the complex issue providing financial services to rural people.
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Miller, William J. "Citizens' Trust in European Union Institutions." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1276308801.
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Zingitwa, Thembekile Charles. "The implementation of consent decrees in correctional institutions: a case study of Fulton county jail, Georgia." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1987. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/312.
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Sandu, Adriana Iuliana. "Poverty, institutions and child health in post-communist rural Romania a view from below /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Perrott, Bruce Edwin. "An empirical study of strategic issue processing in public sector organisations." [Sydney : University of New South Wales], 1993. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN1999.0048/index.html.
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Brown, Erin B. "Collaboration for the Common Good: Examining AmeriCorps Programs Sponsored by Institutions of Higher Education." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3593.
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The report, A Crucible Moment, published in 2012 by the National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement described a crisis in higher education surrounding the lack of civic learning and engagement opportunities for students. This crisis has led to decreased political participation and a general lack of knowledge in civics education (National Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Engagement, 2012). Educating students for citizenship in America’s colleges and universities will assist with sustaining the country’s democracy by engendering a sense of civic responsibility in young adults that will last throughout their lifetime. This qualitative case study examined the relationship between two institutions of higher education (IHEs) and AmeriCorps programs to determine how the partnerships operated and whether they addressed the recommendations for higher education cited in A Crucible Moment.
IHEs are using A Crucible Moment as a guiding document to think about civic learning and democratic engagement. While many are in the process of creating new initiatives and programs to address those issues, this study focuses on two existing programs that may provide a framework for strategically integrating civic engagement into higher education using a readily available government resource—AmeriCorps. With recent budget cuts impacting education, it is difficult for many IHEs to obtain additional funding to support initiatives directly related to student learning. As a result, finding resources to implement civic learning and democratic engagement opportunities that are often perceived as tangential to the education process is nearly impossible. AmeriCorps, now in its 20th year of implementation, has had a steady stream of funding and bipartisan support from the government over the years. IHEs that sponsor an AmeriCorps program have the potential to civically engage students and promote mutually beneficial community partnerships.
Using inteorganizational collaboration theory as a framework, I examined two different models of IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships. Based on the levels of collaboration, I was able to assess the degree to which these types of partnerships could be feasible at distinctly different IHEs given their organizational structure and resources. Although the findings of this research are not generalizable, they provide insights into how IHE-AmeriCorps partnerships operate and demonstrate that, in the cases examined, they do implement the key recommendations of A Crucible Moment. As a result, an IHE-AmeriCorps partnership could be an effective and relatively inexpensive way for an IHE to enhance their civic engagement opportunities.
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Michael, Bryane. "The effect of sharing institutions on public sector productivity : an application to the St. Petersburg public sector." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496589.
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Mutimukeye, Regine. "The professional status of female public relations practitioners in Rwandan public and private institutions: a manager's perspective." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2308.
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Thesis (MTech (Public Relations Management))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.This study investigated the professional status of female public relations practitioners in Rwandan public and private institutions by using direct managers as a focal point to get their perspectives about their staff. The study used a structured questionnaire to get information from the managers in public relations or communication departments. While different authors such as Aldoory & Toth, (2002); Wilcox and Cameron (2006:35) and Hon (1995) indicate that the public relations industry is feminised to the extent of 70 percent, the results of this study present it otherwise. The findings reveal that the trend of feminisation in Rwandan public relations industry is not on the same speed as the one in the industry worldwide. This means that based on the findings from different studies worldwide, females are represented by a big number in the public relations industry than males do. Furthermore, there is a gender gap in terms of responsibilities whereby women are more clustered in technical tasks rather than managerial ones. Although Rwanda has opted to empower women in its reconstruction process, they are still affected by the legacies of indigenous culture in terms of stereotypes associated with them and salary gaps which shows that the promotion of a female professional continue to be a problem in some organisations. Considering the research results, the public relations industry in Rwanda is still a new field and hence its practitioners' professional status especially women is not well depicted. However, the results show that female practitioners are able to offer good services to their customers due to their innate caring character and professionalism. The results recommend that local high learning institutions should include public relations courses in their program to ensure long run availability of public relations professionals. In addition the Rwanda private sector is encouraged to open up public relations agencies which will contribute to the improvement of customer care in Rwanda. Finally, the researcher recommends that public relations activities should be well planned in organisations to avoid confusion with other related fields such as marketing, for instance. The researcher further recommends that advance studies should be conducted to engage in the evaluation of the implementation of gender promotion laws and its efforts in various organisations.