Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Gambia Public Institutions / Journal articles

To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: The Gambia Public Institutions.

Journal articles on the topic 'The Gambia Public Institutions'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 13 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'The Gambia Public Institutions.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

FAIRHEAD, JAMES, MELISSA LEACH, and MARY SMALL. "PUBLIC ENGAGEMENT WITH SCIENCE? LOCAL UNDERSTANDINGS OF A VACCINE TRIAL IN THE GAMBIA." Journal of Biosocial Science 38, no. 1 (November 3, 2005): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932005000945.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper considers how parents engage with a large, internationally supported childhood pneumococcal vaccine trial in The Gambia. Current analysis and professional reflection on public engagement is strongly shaped by the imperatives of public health and research institutions, and is thus couched in terms of acceptance and refusal, and ‘informed consent’. In contrast Gambian parents’ perspectives on the trial are couched in conceptual and experiential terms that are linked to their wider dilemmas of raising infants amidst the hazards of globally connected village life. Ethnographic research reveals how for most parents, longer-term experiences of the organization managing the research (the UK Medical Research Council Laboratories in The Gambia) as a health-providing institution override their reflection on trial-specific aims. A decision to participate in the trial involves a perceived balance of benefit and danger – in the extreme, of free medical treatment, versus one’s child being drained of blood for sale to Europe. Social relations (especially gender relations) shape this calculus and study participation. This case suggests how the idea of ‘public engagement with science’ in a globalized context might be recast, with implications for debates in biomedical ethics, and the sustainability of public participation in medical research.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ozor, Frederick. "Effective Management over Government Led Research: A Study of Research Institutions in Gambia." International Journal of Innovation Science 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 145–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/1757-2223.6.3.145.

Full text

Abstract:

Using primary data generated from samples of research units within the Gambia public research sector, this two-phased inquiry seeks to identify and explain factors in research governance that influence scientific knowledge production. In contributing to empirical discussions on the impact levels of different governance models and structures to scientific output, which appear limited and mixed in literature, this study suggests, first, that scientific committee structures with significant research steering autonomy could not only directly contribute to scientific output, but also indirectly through moderating effects on research practices. It further argues that autonomous scientific committee structures tend to play a better steering role than a management-centric model and structure of research governance. Second, elaborating and providing a more insightful explanation and perspective on individual research behaviours and outcome of research, the study argues that communication and collaborative networks could improve research practices and behaviours, which is a most important predictor of scientific performance. Third, research related behaviours are multi-dimensional; they include publication behaviour, publication orientation, funding behaviour, decisions about research priorities and agenda, as well as the communication behaviour of the scientist — all of which are critical for scientific knowledge production. Fourth, analysis of results suggests that intrinsically motivated curiosity is crucial in driving creative and innovative research. For this reason, results of analysis showing negative contribution of non-supportive institutional conditions and positive contribution of intrinsic motivation suggest far reaching implications for the competiveness of a country like Gambia, which is still working to build and improve its science and technology base.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Fatty, Lamin K. M., Prof Idu Ogbe Ode, Bejamin Gowon Ahule, and Akuhwa Tor. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SYSTEM OF NIGERIA AND THE GAMBIA." International Journal of Advanced Economics 3, no. 2 (June 21, 2021): 58–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.51594/ijae.v3i2.236.

Full text

Abstract:

This study focuses on the analysis of Nigeria and The Gambia National extension policies and system. The study discussed three main themes (mission and goals, approach and functions, and clienteles). The study found that both two countries does not adopt legislated or formal national extension policy rather implied policies which were garnered, feasible, for the two countries through their government publications and published researched studies from academic and recognized developmental institutions. Generally, the analysis found that the two countries extension missions and goals focused on improving profitability of agricultural business and increasing output volumes; market share in achieving to enhancing quality of life and agricultural development. In terms of approaches and functions, the study observed that public sector extension in the two countries is undergoing transformation including decentralization and outsourcing extension services in the context of adopting a pluralistic system of extension delivery. While up to six models of extension are a commonly applied in the two countries, the dominant context is pluralism around public, private and NGO-based services. The dominant clientele was stated to be women and small- and medium-scale farmers. However, main barriers limiting women’s participation are still insufficiently addressed. The study concludes that it is important for the two countries authorities, perhaps supportively, to develop and establish formal extension policies that will manifest their vision, mission, goals and methods to provide a stable agenda within which targeted clientele and be purposively supported in the pursuit of sustainable agricultural development. Keywords: Extension, Extension Policy, Nigeria, The Gambia, Mission and Goals, Approach and Function, Clientele.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Wariri, Oghenebrume, Uduak Okomo, Carla Cerami, Emmanuel Okoh, Francis Oko, Hawanatu Jah, Kalifa Bojang, et al. "Establishing and operating a ‘virtual ward’ system to provide care for patients with COVID-19 at home: experience from The Gambia." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 6 (June 2021): e005883. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-005883.

Full text

Abstract:

Health systems in sub-Saharan Africa have remained overstretched from dealing with endemic diseases, which limit their capacity to absorb additional stress from new and emerging infectious diseases. Against this backdrop, the rapidly evolving COVID-19 pandemic presented an additional challenge of insufficient hospital beds and human resource for health needed to deliver hospital-based COVID-19 care. Emerging evidence from high-income countries suggests that a ‘virtual ward’ (VW) system can provide adequate home-based care for selected patients with COVID-19, thereby reducing the need for admissions and mitigate additional stress on hospital beds. We established a VW at the Medical Research Council Unit, The Gambia at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, a biomedical research institution located in The Gambia, a low-income west African country, to care for members of staff and their families infected with COVID-19. In this practice paper, we share our experience focusing on the key components of the system, how it was set up and successfully operated to support patients with COVID-19 in non-hospital settings. We describe the composition of the multidisciplinary team operating the VW, how we developed clinical standard operating procedures, how clinical oversight is provided and the use of teleconsultation and data capture systems to successfully drive the process. We demonstrate that using a VW to provide an additional level of support for patients with COVID-19 at home is feasible in a low-income country in sub-Saharan Africa. We believe that other low-income or resource-constrained settings can adopt and contextualise the processes described in this practice paper to provide additional support for patients with COVID-19 in non-hospital settings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Olaosebikan, Olajumoke, and Mike Adams. "Prospects for micro-insurance in promoting micro-credit in sub-Sahara Africa." Qualitative Research in Financial Markets 6, no. 3 (November 10, 2014): 232–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qrfm-09-2012-0028.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to, using a case study research design informed by organizational economics theory, to examine the prospects for micro-insurance in promoting micro-credit in a low-income Anglophone country in sub-Saharan Africa – The Gambia. Two main research questions are addressed: first, what is the most appropriate micro-finance institution (MFI) organizational structure to maximize the economic benefits of micro-insurance? Second, what are the financial management and wider economic benefits of the use of micro-insurance by MFIs? Design/methodology/approach – To address our two research questions, we used a semi-structured interview protocol, informed by the organizational economics literature, to interpret the data collected from our field cases. We believe that these intrinsic qualities of case study methodology are particularly apt in the present study, given the complex and emergent nature of micro-finance and micro-insurance in low-income countries such The Gambia. By focusing on case studies in a single country, we also to some extent help control for variations in business environment that could confound interpretations of field data obtained from different jurisdictions. Findings – The results of our study suggest that the mutual (cooperative) structure of credit unions is likely to be the most cost-efficient and effective organizational form for reducing information asymmetries, agency problems and transaction costs. We also observe that micro-insurance can help reduce the risk of loan defaults, thereby increasing returns on savings and lowering the costs of debt. As such, micro-insurance stimulates the demand–supply of financial intermediation in less developed countries and so helps promote economic development. In addition to contributing new insights, our findings have potentially important commercial and public policy implications. Research limitations/implications – We acknowledge that our research is subject to inherent limitations such as the focus on three interviews in three different types of MFI organization while excluding other structural forms of organization such as government-owned/sponsored organizations. Nonetheless, the organizational characteristics of the cases examined in the present study are representative of most MFIs in developing countries. Given the prevalent hierarchical nature of corporate systems in sub-Saharan Africa, the views of the interviewees are also deemed to reflect those of other board members. Nonetheless, we acknowledge that the conclusions from our research may need to be tempered in line with these inherent limitations with the research approach adopted. Practical implications – The insights obtained from our Gambia-based research could be generalized to developing countries elsewhere in sub-Saharan Africa, and indeed, other parts of the developing world. Consequently, the study could be of interest and relevance to international financiers (e.g. the World Bank), aid agencies, governments and other development organizations. Originality/value – Despite its evident business and development potential, academic management research on micro-insurance, and in particular, its role in supporting micro-finance initiatives, is still very much at an embryonic stage. Our study thus seeks to fill this knowledge gap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Gassama, Saikou, Hamidah, and Erina Sudaryati. "The Need for Introduction of Sharia Microfinance Program in the Gambia." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 1, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v1i3.483.

Full text

Abstract:

The Gambia is a 95 percent Muslim country that is located in the western part of Africa. The population of the country is around 2.5 m. The Gambia is largely dependent on Agriculture, tax, tourism, and foreign aid and is ranked 178, in the Human Development Index 2019, the Gambia is classified as a country with medium human development. The paper used the literature review method. Currently, there is various microfinance program that has been existing for years, but none of them are having Islamic microfinance loan products until recently when two are lunched, as a result, some did not take their loans and even those who take it is hard to change their lives because it is purely for profit-making and also the higher interest rate for some of them. Islamic Microfinance would be the best development instrument for the population of Gambia. The microfinance institutions in The Gambia are very well expanded, they are the main source of credit to the Gambian population both rural and urban. Therefore it will be very important if microfinance institutions in the Gambia can introduce sharia microfinance. The objective of this paper is to suggest ways to introduce sharia microfinance in The Gambia and the benefits of sharia microfinance. The results of this study find out that Islamic microfinance is a viable loan product that can work in the Gambia, there are various kinds of Islamic microfinance products that can work for the poor in the Gambia, such as farmers, gardeners, and market vendors or SMEs. And Islamic microfinance could be the best way of eradicating poverty in the Gambia, since it is not based on the predetermined interest rate and have various suitable loan schemes, if well implemented can change lives.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Roberts, Bill. "Commentary Building a Public Practice in the Gambia." Practicing Anthropology 25, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.25.2.6112747620853011.

Full text

Abstract:

It's good to be walking when I work again. The last time I was able to walk this much was when I did my dissertation research in the Futa Jallon highlands of Guinea, 16 years ago. Fieldwork is a central part of my love for anthropology. I expect these next months will regenerate and sharpen my research skills, increase my local languages competency, and, I hope, lay the foundation for long-term collaborative applied research and practice through the newly established University of The Gambia. These days I strongly sense a joie de vivre that I haven't felt in some time.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Cham, M., S. Vangen, and J. Sundby. "Maternal deaths in rural Gambia." Global Public Health 2, no. 4 (October 2007): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690600918188.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Sanneh, Lamin, and Saud A.Taj. "Employee Engagement in the Public Sector: A Case Study of Western Africa." International Journal of Human Resource Studies 5, no. 3 (July 31, 2015): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijhrs.v5i3.8088.

Full text

Abstract:

Employee engagement and its relationship with organizational performance have recently gained immense attention amongst the scholars of organizational studies and human resource development. However, this relationship has widely been examined in the private sector organizations operating in the Western developed countries and its application in the African public sector still remains a major gap in the engagement literature. In order to address this gap, we investigate the different factors of employee engagement and their impact on organizational performance in the public sector of West Africa while taking the case of Gambia Ports Authority, one of the biggest public sector employers in Gambia. A case study approach was adopted with questionnaires designed and distributed to 327employees of the Gambia Ports Authority, one of the largest public sector employer in the Gambia. The survey included employees at different levels including senior managers, directors, and junior level staff. Findings suggest that various factors have significant impact on employee engagement with the exception of team and co-worker relation. Amongst other factors, leadership had the strongest influence employee engagement in African public sector. Overall, a positive relationship was found between employee engagement and organizational performance. Findings also indicate that employees who feel engaged and connected with the organization attempt to reciprocate and show greater enthusiasm towards work (work engagement) and to the organization (organizational engagement), which could lead to improved performance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Ceesay, Ebrima K. "Assessing the Impact of COVID-19 Crisis on the Social- Economic Situation: Evidence from the Gambia." Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Studies 2, no. 6 (November 30, 2020): 168–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jhsss.2020.2.6.19.

Full text

Abstract:

This study assesses the social and economic impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Gambia. The data used in this paper was generated from online survey questionnaire, in which the participants were asked about certain questions in which coronavirus affect social and economic in the Gambia. The questionnaire was designed to help Gambia to understand covid-19 impacts on their social and economic situation. The results of this study reveal that coronavirus pandemic affected the people in the Gambia in a number of ways; 1) 84 percent said they should not open borders to more countries while only 16 percent said they should open borders. 2) In the Gambia, 61 percent of the respondents said the environmental factor that is serious hit due to covid-19 outbreak is the energy sector. 3) 44.2 percent of the respondent said that covid-19 will have fluctuation in growing on the GDP and trade in the Gambia. 4) Due the serious impact of covid-19 on the societies, 48.8 percent of the respondent in the Gambia said they are very worried that they or someone in their family will be exposed to the coronavirus outbreak. 5) 70.5 percent of the respondent said the outbreak will have negative impact in the economy of the Gambia. 6) As the result generated from the survey, 58 percent of the respondent said in the Gambia, due to covid-19 the recession will happen over the next year. 7) 65.4 percent of the respondents said government implemented an education response for continue of learning in the Gambia while educational institutions are closed.8) 55.1 percent of the respondent said their enterprise used online learning programmes and resources and 32. 1 percent said their enterprise used video conferencing tools and 15.4 percent said their organization used printed materials such as new papers or posters and 9 percent said multimedia including podcasts and YouTube and 6.4 percent, which is the least said TV are used for staff development and training during covid-19 pandemic.9) 50 percent of the respondent to this question of the survey said their organization had planned new training programmes or activities in response to the covid-19 e.g University of the Gambia training their staffs for quality teaching and learning for their students. The implication of the results from this online survey is that it has serious impacts in the Gambia especially in economic situation, employment, consumption, investment and energy. Another policy implication is that, high co2 emission will affect national parks, wildlife and forests’, and poverty, food insecurity and hunger will rises and poor agriculture, the domestic and international migration will be reduces, remittances reduces and those left behind will be seriously affected in terms of health, food security, education, energy and so on especially women, children, elderly and disable that are left behind.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

UDAH, Enang Bassey, and Pius A. OGUDO. "Stabilization Effects of Social Spending on Economic Growth in Selected West African Countries." Nile Journal of Business and Economics 7, no. 17 (April 30, 2021): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.20321/nilejbe.v7i17.02.

Full text

Abstract:

This paper investigated the stabilization effects of social spending on economic growth in two selected countries namely, Senegal and Gambia. Using time series data from 1980 to 2015 the paper evaluated the cyclical behaviour of social spending, the optimal size of public social spending and the efficacy of public social spending to smoothen out fluctuations in the output. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach and error correction mechanism (ECM) within dynamic OLS framework as well as static OLS were used. The results showed that social spending on education and health was pro-cyclical in Gambia and Senegal, but social spending in education was more pro-cyclical in education in the Gambia and for Senegal, health. The study found that the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP in the Gambia was 74 per cent of GDP and in Senegal the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP was 67 per cent of GDP. The paper recommended among others that Government should review the expenditure framework, to ensure that resources committed to social spending are efficiently utilized, with more emphasis on health expenditure in the Gambia and education for Senegal.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Abdalla, S. H., P. T. Corrah, and D. R. Higgs. "α-Thalassaemia in The Gambia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 83, no. 3 (May 1989): 420. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(89)90527-0.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Sanneh, Kawsu. "An Overview of the Halal Industry in the Gambia with Islamic Perspective: Challenges and Opportunities." Journal of Religious and Social Studies 1, no. 02 (August 22, 2021): 17–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.53583/jrss02.0102.2021.

Full text

Abstract:

This study discusses an overview of the halal industry in The Gambia which is the smallest country in mainland Africa. Halal Industry has emerged as a new sector in the global economy, the industry is worth 2.3 trillion U.S Dollars. It is currently dominated by Southeast Asia with Malaysia and Indonesia taking the lead, followed by other continents like the United States of America, Europe, and Africa. Islam is believed to have been practiced in West Africa since the 7th Century amounting to over 12 centuries of Islamic influence in the region. The Gambia is a country with a 95 percent Muslim population, necessitating consumer awareness of halal products and services. There are currently no established halal education institutes in The Gambia, which has had a significant impact on Muslim consumers' awareness of halal standards, spanning from local farmers to food vendors, local consumers, processing industries, and importers. The lack of formal halal education institutions stands out as the most noticeable challenge. However, the vibrant Muslim population offers the highest opportunity. The paper is compiled from primary and secondary sources including government agencies, private firms, local consumers, journal articles, books, etc to find out the awareness of halal products, opportunities, and challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Audunson, Ragnar, Svanhild Aabø, Roger Blomgren, Hans-Christoph Hobohm, Henrik Jochumsen, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Rudolf Mumenthaler, et al. "Public libraries as public sphere institutions." Journal of Documentation 75, no. 6 (September 26, 2019): 1396–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jd-02-2019-0015.

Full text

Abstract:

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of public libraries as institutions underpinning a democratic public sphere as reasons legitimizing libraries compared to reasons that are more traditional and the actual use of libraries as public sphere arenas. Design/methodology/approach A survey of representative samples of the adult population in six countries – Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Germany, Hungary and Switzerland – was undertaken. Findings Legitimations related to the libraries role as a meeting place and arena for public debate are ranked as the 3 least important out of 12 possible legitimations for upholding a public library service. Libraries are, however, used extensively by the users to access citizenship information and to participate in public sphere relevant meetings. Originality/value Few studies have empirically analyzed the role of libraries in upholding a democratic and sustainable public sphere. This study contributes in filling that gap.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Hultin, Niklas, and Tone Sommerfelt. "Anticipatory tribalism: accusatory politics in the ‘New Gambia’." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 2 (June 2020): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x20000178.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThis article examines the upsurge in denunciations of ‘tribalism’ in public debate during The Gambia's transition from the autocracy of Yahya Jammeh to the ‘New Gambia’ under President Adama Barrow. In these public debates, derogatory statements about particular ethnicities articulate fears of present or future alliances to monopolise political power. These fears are disproportionate to attempts of organised political mobilisation on ethnic grounds, which remain marginal. It is argued that accusatory politics are a salient, and neglected, feature of ethnic dynamics in contemporary Gambian – and African – politics. This politics of accusation involves the contestation and negotiation of moral legitimacy in the political sphere, in a manner challenging the separation of the moral and the political undergirding scholarly distinctions between ethnicity and tribalism.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Adetifa, Ifedayo MO, Lindsay Kendall, Adedapo Bashorun, Christopher Linda, Semeeh Omoleke, David Jeffries, Rahmatulai Maane, et al. "A tuberculosis nationwide prevalence survey in Gambia, 2012." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 94, no. 6 (April 21, 2016): 433–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.14.151670.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Badjie, Gibriel, Armanu Thoyib, Djumilah Hadiwidjojo, and Ainur Rofiq. "Testing the Relationship of Employee Empowerment and Organisational Performance." Jurnal Analisis Bisnis Ekonomi 18, no. 2 (December 9, 2020): 95–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/bisnisekonomi.v18i2.3732.

Full text

Abstract:

The research aimed to test the new measures of employee empowerment in a collectively social oriented society. The study applied questionnaire-based survey to obtain data and test the relationship between employee empowerment and organisational performance. A total of 80 completed questionnaires from the senior HR personnel from 40 organisations in the Gambia took part in the survey. Ten employees were engaged in a face-to-face interview, 2 private and 8 public organisations from among the 40 organisations that participated. Both SPSS and SmartPLS were utilised to analyse data. MGA is used to determine the difference private and public organisations. The study has indicated a significant relationship between employee empowerment and organisational performance. The findings revealed a small but not significant difference between the private and public organisations in their definition of employee empowerment in the Gambia based on MGA report. The findings discovered that the social nature of employees cannot be disputed, and a strong recognition of employees promotes organisation performance. HR department and organisational flexibility relates more to employee’s empowerment and has effect on attitude and behaviour. The study recommends further large-scale research in other environments outside the Gambia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Rolfe, M., C. M. Tang, S. Sabally, J. E. Todd, E. B. Sam, and A. B. Hatib N'jie. "Psychosis and Cannabis Abuse in the Gambia." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 6 (December 1993): 798–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.6.798.

Full text

Abstract:

Cannabis abuse is a major public health problem in The Gambia and other parts of West Africa, and the rise in the incidence of psychotic illness reflects the increased background use of cannabis by the local population. A case-control study was performed to determine the association between psychosis and cannabis abuse in The Gambia and the importance of other risk factors. Out of 234 patients admitted to Campama Psychiatric Unit over 12 months, 210 (90%) were enrolled in a case-control study. Urine was tested for cannabinoid substances and 38% were positive compared with 12% of matched non-psychotic control subjects. Analysis of the matched pairs showed that a positive urinary cannabinoid test, cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, travel to Europe and family history of mental illness were all significant risk factors for psychotic illness; Koranic education reduced the risk. There was a positive correlation among the psychotic patients between a positive urinary cannabinoid test and the use of alcohol, ataya tea and cigarette smoking; a family history of mental illness showed a negative correlation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Cham, Bai, Noreen Dadirai Mdege, Linda Bauld, John Britton, and Umberto D’Alessandro. "Exposure to Second-Hand Smoke in Public Places and Barriers to the Implementation of Smoke-Free Regulations in The Gambia: A Population-Based Survey." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 6263. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126263.

Full text

Abstract:

Introduction: Second-hand smoke is associated with more than 1.2 million deaths per year among non-smokers. Smoking in public places is prohibited in The Gambia but there is no information on the level of exposure to second-hand smoke among adolescents and adults 15–64 years. The aim of this study was to assess the level and predictors of exposure to second-hand smoke in public places and compliance with smoke-free regulations in The Gambia. Methods: A population-based survey was conducted in an established Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS). A total of 4547 participants (15–64 years) from households within the Farafenni HDSS were interviewed at their homes but only 3343 were included in our analysis. Factors associated with exposure to second-hand smoke in public places were assessed by three different multivariable regression models. Results: Exposure to tobacco smoke in public places was high (66.1%), and higher in men (79.9%) than women (58.7%). Besides being male, less education, lower household income, urban residence and not aware of smoke-free regulations were strongly associated with exposure to second-hand smoke. Conclusion: Despite existing smoke-free regulations, reported exposure to second-hand smoke remains high in public places in The Gambia. The Ministry of Health should continue to strengthen their advocacy and sensitization programs to ensure smoke-free regulations are fully implemented. Some population subgroups are at a higher risk of exposure and could be targeted by interventions; and settings where these subgroups are exposed should be targeted by enforcement efforts.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Wolfrum, Rüdiger. "The Normativity of Public International Law Reconsidered." Proceedings of the ASIL Annual Meeting 114 (2020): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/amp.2021.5.

Full text

Abstract:

The Order of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) of January 23, 2020 on the Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (The Gambia v. Myanmar) might form a preliminary starting point for this brief address. The Order confirms that public international law defines through international treaties, customary international law, and general principles legally binding commitments and rights of states. As a matter of consequence, based upon those norms, judgments, orders, and awards of international courts and tribunals are legally binding on the parties to the dispute in question to the extent the adjudicating body has jurisdiction.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

International Monetary Fund. "Microfinance Institutions and Public Policy." IMF Working Papers 02, no. 159 (2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781451857689.001.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Camiñas-Hernández, Tasio. "Science popularization from public institutions." Comunicar 10, no. 19 (October 1, 2002): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3916/c19-2002-13.

Full text

Abstract:

In this paper it´s being analyzed how public institutions are trying to cope with an important aspect for the social development: the communication and the popularization of the scientific and technician knowledges. The paper states how, in fact, the publ En este trabajo se analiza cómo se está abordando desde las instituciones públicas un aspecto tan importante para el desarrollo social como es la comunicación y la divulgación de los conocimientos científicos y técnicos. El autor estima que, en realidad, no existe una firme voluntad desde las administraciones públicas por dar a conocer y explicar los avances científico-técnicos a la sociedad y, cuando se toman algunas iniciativas, éstas responden más a campañas de imagen de los políticos en el poder que a un verdadero afán por desarrollar en la sociedad española este tipo de conocimientos.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Wedeen, Richard P. "ETHICS IN PUBLIC HEALTH INSTITUTIONS." American Journal of Public Health 92, no. 12 (December 2002): 1884–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.92.12.1884.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fischer, Anna B., Birgit Bigalke, Caroline Herr, and Thomas Eikmann. "Pest control in public institutions." Toxicology Letters 107, no. 1-3 (June 1999): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4274(99)00033-8.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Hardy, Daniel, Paul Holden, and Vassili Prokopenko. "Microfinance institutions and public policy." Journal of Policy Reform 6, no. 3 (September 2003): 147–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1350485032000175637.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Boin, Arjen, and Tom Christensen. "The Development of Public Institutions." Administration & Society 40, no. 3 (February 21, 2008): 271–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095399707313700.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Dean, Janice. "Public companies as social institutions." Business Ethics: A European Review 10, no. 4 (October 2001): 302–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8608.00246.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Coccia, Mario. "Bureaucratization in Public Research Institutions." Minerva 47, no. 1 (February 24, 2009): 31–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11024-008-9113-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Jošt, Marek. "AUDIT OF PUBLIC RESEARCH INSTITUTIONS." Acta academica karviniensia 19, no. 4 (September 10, 2020): 18–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25142/aak.2019.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Rector, Perry, and Brian H. Kleiner. "Creating productivity in public institutions." Management Research News 25, no. 3 (March 2002): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01409170210783098.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Chatterjee, Elizabeth. "Rethinking public institutions in India." Commonwealth & Comparative Politics 56, no. 3 (May 22, 2018): 397–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14662043.2018.1472178.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Nunkoo, Robin, Haywantee Ramkissoon, and Dogan Gursoy. "Public trust in tourism institutions." Annals of Tourism Research 39, no. 3 (July 2012): 1538–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.04.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Saleh Alkhayyal Alteneiji, Eman. "Public Relations in health institutions." المجلة العربیة لبحوث الاعلام والاتصال 2021, no. 32 (January 1, 2021): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/jkom.2021.170787.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Žigman, Ante, Tomislav Ridzak, and Mirna Dumičić Jemrić. "Crisis management in public institutions." Management 26, Special Issue (July 22, 2021): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.30924/mjcmi.26.si.1.

Full text

Abstract:

Crisis management in the context of public institutions is particularly important, due to the extremely large possible impact of the consequences of systemic crises on society as a whole. Suboptimal or too slow decisions of public institutions usually affect a much wider set of people, entities, and economic and financial developments than when it comes to crisis management in individual companies, even if they are systemically important. This paper focuses on the activities of the Croatian National Bank and the Croatian Financial Services Supervisory Agency in dealing with the crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic and presents the most important activities of the government, government agencies, and commercial banks that have had an impact on financial stability. The analytical part of the paper presents the effect of trading suspension on the Zagreb Stock Exchange on 12th March 2020 and its implications on the market. Although it is still too early to make final assessments, given the course of the pandemic, the available data suggest that the activities of domestic institutions have so far been effective in maintaining financial stability in Croatia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Harding-Esch, E. M., T. Edwards, A. Sillah, I. Sarr-Sissoho, E. A. Aryee, P. Snell, M. J. Holland, D. C. Mabey, and R. L. Bailey. "Risk factors for active trachoma in The Gambia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 102, no. 12 (December 2008): 1255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2008.04.022.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Rolfe, M., R. W. Walker, K. N. Samba, and K. Cham. "Urban beri-beri in The Gambia, West Africa." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87, no. 1 (January 1993): 114–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90449-z.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Hansen, John Mark. "Individuals, Institutions, and Public Preferences over Public Finance." American Political Science Review 92, no. 3 (September 1998): 513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585478.

Full text

Abstract:

This study examines public preferences over deficits, taxes, and spending. Using responses to public opinion questions designed for the purpose, the article assesses the state of preferences as expressed by individuals and as represented in government. One section examines the characteristics of individual preferences—their completeness, consistency, and coherence. Public opinion is remarkably well structured and overwhelmingly partial to the policy status quo. A second section explores the properties of mass preferences as they are aggregated by several different kinds of institutional voting rules. Institutions matter, at least to a point: Consistent institutional differences over federal budget policy trace directly to the diverse means by which institutions represent the public's positions. The conclusion assesses the meaning and import of the public's resistance to budget policy change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Day, Shaun, and Rob Kenny. "Public value: measuring the performance of public institutions." Controlling 22, no. 2 (2010): 96–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/0935-0381-2010-2-96.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Akotia, Pino. "Managing Public Sector Financial Records in The Gambia : the implications for good government." Information Development 11, no. 4 (December 1995): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026666699501100407.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Kuye, Rex A., Kelley J. Donham, Shannon P. Marquez, Wayne T. Sanderson, Laurence J. Fuortes, Risto H. Rautiainen, Martin L. Jones, and Kennith R. Culp. "Pesticide Handling and Exposures Among Cotton Farmers in The Gambia." Journal of Agromedicine 12, no. 3 (April 18, 2008): 57–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10599240801887876.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Jakubowska, Agata. "Financial institutions as an example of institutions of public trust." Managerial Economics, no. 14 (2013): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/manage.2013.14.61.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Chisha, Zunda, Mohammed L. Janneh, and Hana Ross. "Consumption of legal and illegal cigarettes in the Gambia." Tobacco Control 29, Suppl 4 (May 30, 2019): s254—s259. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2019-055055.

Full text

Abstract:

BackgroundThe prevalence of cigarette smoking in the Gambia is relatively high, compared with most African countries. Little is known about the characteristics of the smokers and their habits, particularly with regard to tobacco tax avoidance and tax evasion.MethodsA nationally representative survey of 1211 smokers conducted in November/December 2017 employed a three-stage stratified sampling method and resulted in 1205 complete observations. The sociodemographic characteristics and smoking behaviours were analysed, including smoking intensity and brand preferences. Information on the physical features of cigarette packs that smokers had, observed by enumerators, and self-reported cigarette prices were used to estimate the proportion of illegal cigarettes on the market.FindingsAs in many African countries, most smokers were male, between the ages of 25 and 54 years living primarily in urban areas. The three most popular cigarette brands are Piccadilly, Royal Business and Bond Street, which account for over three-quarters of all cigarette purchases. Price information suggests that about 7.3% of smokers purchased an illicit cigarette at their last purchase. When smoking intensity was taken into account, 8.6% of the total cigarette market was estimated to be illicit. Using an alternative method of evaluating pack’s features revealed that only 0.9% of last purchases were illicit.ConclusionDespite recent excise tobacco tax increases, the use of illicit cigarettes in the Gambia is low and does not represent a significant obstacle to reaching both the public health and fiscal goals of higher tobacco taxes.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Boggs, Dorothy, Abba Hydara, Yaka Faal, John Atta Okoh, Segun Isaac Olaniyan, Haruna Sanneh, Abdoulie Ngett, et al. "Estimating Need for Glasses and Hearing Aids in The Gambia: Results from a National Survey and Comparison of Clinical Impairment and Self-Report Assessment Approaches." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18126302.

Full text

Abstract:

Few estimates are available of the need for assistive devices (ADs) in African settings. This study aimed to estimate population-level need for glasses and hearing aids in The Gambia based on (1) clinical impairment assessment, and (2) self-reported AD awareness, and explore the relationship between the two methods. The Gambia 2019 National Eye Health Survey is a nationally representative population-based sample of 9188 adults aged 35+ years. Participants underwent standardised clinical vision assessments including the need for glasses (distance and near). Approximately 25% of the sample underwent clinical assessment of hearing and hearing aid need. Data were also collected on self-reported awareness, need and access barriers to vision and hearing ADs. Overall, 5.6% of the study population needed distance glasses (95% CI 5.0–6.3), 45.9% (95% CI 44.2–47.5) needed near glasses and 25.5% (95% CI 22.2–29.2) needed hearing aids. Coverage for each AD was very low (<4%). The agreement between self-report and clinical impairment assessment for AD need was poor. In conclusion, there is high prevalence and very low coverage for distance glasses, near glasses and hearing aids in The Gambia. Self-report measures alone will not provide an accurate estimate of AD need.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Imam, Abdulazeez, Oghenebrume Wariri, Tida Dibbasey, Abdoulie Camara, Anthony Mendy, Assan N. Sanyang, Masaneh Ceesay, et al. "Conducting clinical research in a resource-constrained setting: lessons from a longitudinal cohort study in The Gambia." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006419.

Full text

Abstract:

Clinical research conducted to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards is increasingly being undertaken in resource-constrained low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) settings. This presents unique challenges that differ from those faced in high-income country (HIC) contexts, due to a dearth of infrastructure and unique socio-cultural contexts. Field experiences by research teams working in these LMIC contexts are thus critical to advancing knowledge on successful research conduct in these settings. The Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has operated in The Gambia, a resource-constrained LMIC for over 70 years and has developed numerous research support platforms and systems. The unit was the lead clinical collaborator in a recently completed Expanded Program on Immunization Consortium (EPIC) study, involving a multicountry collaboration across five countries including the USA, Canada, Belgium, Papua New Guinea and The Gambia. The EPIC study recruited and completed follow-up of 720 newborn infants over 2 years. In this paper, we provide in-depth field experience covering challenges faced by the Gambian EPIC team in the conduct of this study. We also detail some reflections on these challenges. Our findings are relevant to the international research community as they highlight practical day-to-day challenges in conducting GCP standard clinical research in resource-constrained LMIC contexts. They also provide insights on how study processes can be adapted early during research planning to mitigate challenges.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Simms, Victoria M., Pateh Makalo, Robin L. Bailey, and Paul M. Emerson. "Sustainability and acceptability of latrine provision in The Gambia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 99, no. 8 (August 2005): 631–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.10.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Ajdukiewicz, A. B., Norma Bassett, and J. C. W. Crawley. "The diagnostic value of liver scanning in The Gambia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 79, no. 4 (January 1985): 462–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(85)90065-3.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Hall, Andrew J., Robert L. Roberston, Paolo E. Crivelli, Yamandow Lowe, Hazel Inskip, Sharon K. Snow, and Hilton Whittle. "Cost-effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccine in The Gambia." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 87, no. 3 (May 1993): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0035-9203(93)90154-i.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Howie, Stephen RC, Sarah Hill, Augustine Ebonyi, Gautam Krishnan, Ousman Njie, Momodou Sanneh, Mariatou Jallow, et al. "Meeting oxygen needs in Africa: an options analysis from the Gambia." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87, no. 10 (October 1, 2009): 763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.058370.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Touray, Almamy, Airi Salminen, and Anja Mursu. "Internet Adoption at the User Level: Empirical Evidence from The Gambia." Information Technology for Development 21, no. 2 (February 13, 2014): 281–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02681102.2013.874319.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Lee, Ye Ji, and Ji Seon Yoo. "Tax Avoidance Behavior of Public Institutions." Korean Accounting Review 44, no. 2 (April 30, 2019): 165–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24056/kar.2019.04.004.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!