Dissertations / Theses: 'The Gambia'

1

Quinones-Pinzon, Martha Lucia. "Effects of permethrin-impregnated bednets on Anopheles gambiae s.l. in the Gambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.338870.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Hough, Carolyn Ann. "Disruption and development kanyalengs in the Gambia /." Diss., University of Iowa, 2006. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/53.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Reiches, Meredith Wayden. "Female Adolescent Energy Expenditure in the Gambia." Thesis, Harvard University, 2012. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10031.

Full text

Abstract:

Adolescence is a life history transition of individual and evolutionary importance: the body begins to allocate energy available above maintenance costs away from somatic growth and towards reproductive function. This study investigates how both distal, intergenerational effects and proximal, seasonal changes in energy availability impact the way adolescent female bodies allocate energy among linear growth, fat and lean mass, activity, and metabolic function. The research follows up on a prenatal supplementation study conducted by the British Medical Research Council in rural Gambia between 1989 and 1994. Pregnant women were randomized to receive daily supplements of 1015 kcal either from week 20 of pregnancy until delivery or during the first 20 weeks of lactation. The 67 adolescent daughters included in the follow up study were born to women in both groups during the rainy agricultural season, the period of the year associated with weight loss, poor perinatal outcomes, and high impact of the pregnancy supplement on birth weight. Anthropometry, body composition, daily saliva, weekly serum, and weekly fasting urine samples for C-peptide of insulin were collected during one month each in the 2009 rainy agricultural season, the 2010 dry harvest season, and the 2010 rainy agricultural season. Participant heart rates were calibrated to oxygen consumption each season, and 24-hr accelerometer and heart rate data were recorded to estimate free-living energy expenditure. It was found that pregnancy supplementation status did not predict infant or adolescent phenotype in the study sample. Maternal postpartum weight, however, was a powerful positive distal predictor of adolescent size. The daughters of heavier mothers produced less leptin per unit fat mass. Under conditions of high energy expenditure and low intake, adolescent women who were growing in height mobilized adipose stores and acquired lean mass, while developmentally older women maintained fat stores at the expense of lean mass. Married adolescents in the sample were older, had lower fasting C-peptide of insulin, had higher absolute energy expenditure, and spent more of their total energy budgets in activity than did unmarried peers.
Human Evolutionary Biology

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Ouattara, Korotoumou. "Credit, risk, and insurance in rural Gambia /." The Ohio State University, 1994. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487849377295198.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Loum, Momodou. "An analysis of the Gambia coup of 1994." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/MQ52357.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Degeorges, A., and BK Reilly. "Eco-Politics of Dams on the Gambia River." Routledge, 2010. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000830.

Full text

Abstract:

In the 1980s, USAID (US Agency for International Development) funded an environmental assessment of dams on the Gambia River, which determined that construction of the Balingho anti-salinity barrage would result in adverse unmitigative environmental and social consequences. Attempts by host country politicians, USAID and UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) to discredit this process made it necessary to take the matter to the Natural Resource Defense Council. A case study of the events surrounding these dams and their potential construction illustrates the ‘big dam’ paradigm and its potential harm to people, their livelihoods and the environment in Sub-Saharan Africa.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Thompson, Craig. "An explication of tourism entrepreneurship in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.248281.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Loum, Momodou Carleton University Dissertation Political Science. "An Analysis of the Gambia coup of 1994." Ottawa, 2000.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Hernlund, Ylva. "Winnowing culture : negotiating female "circumcision" in the Gambia /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6474.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Aronsson, Emma, and Camilla Persson. "Fånga dagen i undervisningen : en etnografisk studie i Gambia." Thesis, Kristianstad University College, Department of Teacher Education, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-3682.

Full text

Abstract:

I detta arbete har vi sökt och erhållit kunskaper om hur lärare fångar dagen i undervisningen i Gambia, genom kvalitativa metoder bestående av intervjuer och observationer. Vi vill ta hem kunskaperna till Sverige, ta lärdom och bygga broar för att dels kunna utveckla vårt eget lärande och dels knyta till oss kunskaper om den gambiska kulturen. Vi har studerat genom ett etnografiskt synsätt eftersom vi befann oss mitt i denna annorlunda kultur under vår sista verksamhetsförlagda utbildning. Lärarna i vår undersökning tycker att de fångar dagen i undervisningen bland annat när de ser samtliga elevers engagemang och motivation, när läraren är ämnesmässigt kunnig och förberedd, när läraren anpassar undervisningen på rätt nivå, när dagen avslutas positivt och när de ser gott resultat och uppförande hos eleverna. De menar även att läraren måste vara mycket engagerad, väl förberedd både mentalt och ämnesmässigt, motiverad, använda kroppsspråket och rösten.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Perfect, David Michael Rodney. "Organised labour and politics in the Gambia, 1920-1984." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.556582.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Byass, Peter. "Microcomputer support for health care delivery in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1990. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12413/.

Full text

Abstract:

Microcomputer support for health care delivery is a relatively new concept in developing countries, despite serious shortages of human expertise. In this light, the concept of microcomputer-based decision support for patient management at the rural health centre level in The Gambia is discussed and developed. Possible methodologies are devised and evaluated, taking into account constraints imposed both by feasibility of hardware for the rural African setting and by appropriate software techniques. Clinical data were collected for a pilot system, which was implemented using a Bayesian methodology, and assessed, with encouraging results. Further sources of data were then considered in order to generalise the pilot system into a prototype, which was implemented on a portable solar-powered microcomputer. The evaluation of this prototype system, and the difficulties involved in undertaking rigorous evaluations of this type of decision aid, are described and discussed. Whilst it is not proven that major health benefits would arise from the widespread introduction of such systems, the results of this preliminary study suggest that this type of approach merits further consideration and development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Weber, Martin Willi. "Infection with the respiratory syncytial virus in the Gambia." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262711.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Amara, Sakpa S. "Environmental change and flooding in the Gambia River Basin." Thesis, University of Reading, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.358523.

Full text

Abstract:

It is argued in this thesis that the climate signal shows more strongly in the runoff regime of the Gambia River Basin (GRB) than the signal from deforestation. Partial and multiple regression was used to partition the effects on runoff of rainfall characteristics and deforestation over the GRB since the turn of this century. The expected shorter, higher more rapidly responding wet season flood peaks which result from deforestation have not occurred in the GRB. Rather, peak floods have fluctuated since the beginning of the century, but showing a clear declining trend similar to the rainfall regime. The large size (z 7550 km') of the sub-catchments of the GRB inhibit synchronisation of the rapid runoff that is associated with deforestation. Furthermore, deforestation, as it occurs in the GRB, takes place piece-meal as small plots of land are cleared. The nature of clearance of vegetation is important; the vegetation cleared is either replaced with another type of vegetation, for example, groundnuts or millet, or is soon allowed to recover after a cropping phase. Surface and sub-surface hydrological processes within the GRB are therefore not subjected to the severe form of alteration that characterise massive and total clearance of vegetation schemes in urban development. However, deforestation has significantly affected low flowsthere are now longer periods of lower dry season flows, and these are ascribed to the diminishing recharge of ground water. By augmenting overland flow and reducing interception and infiltration, deforestation causes a reduction in ground water recharge, which is an important component of dry season flows. Both climate change and deforestation have worked in parallel to cause a fluctuating but declining flow regime of the Gambia River. This, in turn, affects both the agricultural potential and productivity of the GRB.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Ankers, Philippe. "Les strongles gastro-intestinaux chez le bétail en Gambia /." [S.l : s.n.], 1995. http://www.ub.unibe.ch/content/bibliotheken_sammlungen/sondersammlungen/dissen_bestellformular/index_ger.html.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Faal, Ebrima A. "An analysis of economic & social accounting prices in the Gambia /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61851.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Peto, Thomas Julian. "Long-term efficacy and effectiveness of hepatitis B vaccination in The Gambia : Gambia Hepatitis Intervention Study (GHIS, 1986-90) and subsequent nationwide immunisation programme." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558367.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Cole, Prince Taiwo. "Training and learning in the informal sector in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 1999. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/5982/.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the last 30 years or so, there has been growing international interest in the "informal sector" of the economy in developing countries, and there is now the recognition that to operate successfully as artisans in the informal sector, "apprentices" require a range of knowledge and skills. The general aim of the present, qualitative study, was to investigate how apprentices in informal sector enterprises in two trades (the Motor Vehicle trade and the Tie-dye trade) in The Gambia learn at the workplace and how such learning was facilitated. Twenty enterprises were selected for the study, ten in each trade. A variety of data collection methods were employed, namely, (a) individual, semistructured interviews of the entrepreneurs (who owned these enterprises), and of the apprentices, (b) observations of the tradespersons and apprentices at the workplace, (c) accounts of "critical events", and (d) documentary studies. The study has shown that (a) the tradespersons did not demonstrate to the apprentices the procedures for the tasks that they were undertaking, (b) the apprentices were not allowed to practise on the tasks that the tradespersons were contracted to und(rtake; (c) the apprentices practised their skills privately in their leisure time. (d) the tradespersons did not explain to the apprentices the theories underpinning the technical procedures; and for the apprentices, the term "theory" referred to the technical procedures, as such, rather than to the scientific and technological concepts and principles underpinning the procedures, (e) although the apprentices were often outwardly passive they did observe closely the tradespersons at work and made associative links with their own previous knowledge and experience. What has also emerged from the study is that apprentices' learning at the workplace in the informal sector is: (a) a multi-dimensional process, largely self-motivated and conditioned by the rigid hierarchical structure of the workplace. (b) (i) productivity-driven, (ii) atheoretical, (iii) unplanned, (iv) unstructured, (v) facilitated through role modelling. The study compared the concepts of learning which emerged from the study with the traditional concepts of learning and teaching in Vocational Training Institutions. This study has also shown that the tradespersons failed to assess formally competent performance at the workplace. There was no end-of-apprenticeship assessment for the apprentices in the Tie-dye trade; and in the Motor Vehicle trade, the assessment was adhoc. Importantly too, from the entrepreneurs' perspective, the workplace was about production and not about apprentice learning. The tradespersons were expected to concentrate on their jobs and not on training, in sharp contrast to the apprentices' expectation that the tradespersons should concentrate on skills training.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Yamuah, Lawrence Kweku. "Healthcare provision in The Gambia : the role of health informatics." Thesis, City University London, 2003. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7646/.

Full text

Abstract:

While technological advances in computing and telecommunications are revolutionising the way many organisations work, healthcare systems in The Gambia are very much lagging behind. No proper patient records or filing systems are in place. Delivery of effective healthcare depends on availability of routinely collected, good quality health data to provide useful information that is accessible when and where it is needed. Presently, in The Gambia, there is considerable scope for improvement in relation to such data. Electronic patient record system is long overdue. This research, focuses on the development of a Health Information System (HIS) capable of providing doctors, nurses and other healthcare professionals with quick and easy access to the appropriate information needed to care for their patients. A systems analysis has been undertaken to identify the full need for patient health data, the range of users and the extent of present paper-based provision. From this analysis, a requirements specification has been produced for a proposed health information and administration system (HIAS) to become operational and also successful in terms of efficiency and effectiveness. The requirements specification has taken the form of a series of precise statements of needs, buttressed with a corresponding justification in each case. By assessing what information and communication technology (lCT) is required and feasible, affordable and available in The Gambia, based on the extensive fieldwork involving interviews, observational study and questionnaires, a design specification (the logical and physical framework for the proposed ,IUAS) has also been produced as a precursor to the development of the proposed HIAS prototype. The approach,used will aid any implementor to progress from the proposed system to a fully functional one in an efficient and timely manner. Constraints in the programme of research were such that it was not possible to continue on with a prototype implementation based on this design. Hence it is now for The Gambia government to study and implement the proposed system. Several recommendations have been made in the areas of policies to be implemented, resources needed and training and motivation. In conclusion, the study has demonstrated the value or role of health informatics in the provision of health care in a developing country. It has contributed in the understanding of the complexities of the problems in The Gambia and developing countries, building this understanding in terms of requirements analysis and design specification and in methodological issues.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Hainsworth, Marie. "Participatory training methods in rural credit unions in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396531.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Moore, Sophie Elizabeth. "Long term health effects of early malnutrition in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.621751.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Braithwaite, Vickie. "Predictors of rickets in the Gambia : fibroblast growth factor-23." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607859.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Drammeh, Janju. "Antibiotika i Gambia – på gott eller ont? : En studie över attityden till antibiotikans roll i den gambiska apotekssektorn och risken för antibiotikaresistens." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Farmakologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-124408.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Borén, Jenny. "Gambians don’t like maths? : A Minor Field study on how mathematics is taught in a primary school in the Gambia." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Mathematics and Science Education, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-41081.

Full text

Abstract:

In this text about the mathematics education in a primary school in the Gambia, I am researching what this mathematics education consists of and what surrounding factors might be affecting it. The pupils of the school in question speak several different languages. This language situation is one of the factors considered in the research. A connection between the real life led by the pupils and their mathematics education was a second factor. The third factor is financial resources or the lack thereof. I wanted to see if a lack of sufficient financial resources was visible in forming the education and the teaching of the pupils. The teaching of mathematics in the school seemed to be based on behaviourism, but could perhaps take benefit from the ethnomathematics perspective. Through observations, analyzing documents and an interview, I realized that the government had set ambitious objectives for the teachers to follow, but due to lack of economical resources, as far as my study found, these are not achieved. As ambitious objectives, which are not followed by sufficient funding is an issue not only applicable in Gambian schools and since Sweden is a growing multicultural society, I can use my knowledge from this study in my work in Swedish schools.

MFS - Minor Field Studies

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Glase, Sofia, and Uckermann Elmgren Victoria von. "Kärleksjakt i Gambia : Europeiska kvinnors semesterromanser med afrikanska män i paradiset." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-17603.

Full text

Abstract:

På Gambias stränder flockar sig turister, en del reser på grund av miljön, andra för kulturen och en del för att få känna kärlek av en ung, lokal man. När äldre kvinnor från Europa reser för att träffa en yngre man i Gambia kallas det för semesterromanser. Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka de semesterromanser som sker i Gambia mellan europeiska kvinnor och afrikanska män och på vilka sätt detta är en del av sexturismen. Att denna turism många gånger kallas för semesterromanser gör den inte fri från att kopplas samman med både sexturism och prostitution. Semesterromanser är ett mycket komplext begrepp som tolkas olika beroende på vem som tolkar. Det intressanta är att se semesterromansers karaktär och hur det på så vis kan kopplas ihop med annan verksamhet. Grunden i arbetet är att genom observationer och intervjuer förstå hur denna turism fungerar, hur länge den har funnits, varför den sker och om det nödvändigtvis måste ses som prostitution. Genom att ha varit på plats i Gambia har en etnografisk studie varit möjlig att bygga uppsatsen på. Uppsatsen grundar sig i kvalitativ metod och innehåller observationer, fältstudier och intervjuer. Genom att hantera en stor mängd teoretiskt material har sedan riktlinjer för vad sexturister, sexturism, sexköpare och prostitution är för något kunnat förtydligas och analyseras.
On the beaches of Gambiathere are many tourists, some traveling because of the environment, some for the culture and others to feel love of a young, local man. When older women from Europe traveling to meet a younger man in Gambiait is called traveling romance. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the traveling romance that take place in The Gambia between European women and African men and in which ways this is a part of sex tourism. Just because this kind of tourism often is referred to as traveling romance it does not mean it is free from the association with sex tourism and prostitution. Traveling romance is a very complex concept that is interpreted differently depending on who is interpreting. What is interesting is to see traveling romance´s character and how it thus can be linked to other activities. The basis of this work is, through observations and interviews, to understand how this type of tourism is functioned, for how long it has existed, why it happens and if it necessarily has to be seen as prostitution. By having been in Gambia, an ethnographic study has been possible to build this essay on. The essay is based on qualitative method and contains observations, field studies and interviews. By managing a large amount of theoretical material guidelines for what sex tourists, sex tourism and prostitution is has been able to be clarified and analysed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Timbo, Ahmed. "Evaluating Of The National Strategy for Sustainable Development in The Gambia." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för teknokultur, humaniora och samhällsbyggnad, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-2581.

Full text

Abstract:

National sustainable development strategies (NSSDs) were inspired in 1992 by the Rio summit. Since 1999; the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) have further encouraged developing countries to prepare NSSDS as National integrated strategies formulated through a participatory process and coordinated with donors.
Ahmed timbo -ahmedtimbo@yahoo.com,timboahmed@hotmail.com "Additional supervisor: Prof. Aleh Cherp, BTH, CEU and Lund University

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Golightly, E. K. O. "Interaction between nutritional deficiences and Plasmodium falciparum malaria in the Gambia." Thesis, Brunel University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381530.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Able-Thomas, Uriel. "Photovoltaics for the Gambia : implementation strategies for renewable energy technology transfer." Thesis, Northumbria University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.386605.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Parkes, Richard James. "The isolation of retrotransposons endogenous to the malaria vector Anopheles gambia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365897.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Holm, Klas. "Från demokrati till autokrati : En fallstudie om demokratins utveckling i Gambia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Statsvetenskapliga institutionen, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-313566.

Full text

Abstract:

Denna studie undersöker globaliseringens påverkan på demokratins utveckling i Gambia utifrån tre olika dimensioner; ekonomisk, politisk, och social globalisering. Till skillnad från andra västafrikanska länder har Gambias demokrati utvecklats negativt till autokrati, trots globalisering. Genom sökning av historiska händelser syftar uppsatsen till att förstå hur demokratiska förändringar i politiska rättigheter och civil frihet är kopplade till de tre dimensionerna av globalisering. Resultaten visar ett komplicerat förhållande mellan globalisering och demokrati. Den ekonomiska globaliseringen inverkar både positivt och negativt, beroende på landets ekonomiska stabilitet och hur regimen agerar med korruption eller retorik mot utländskt inflytande. Den politiska och sociala globaliseringen har en stark indirekt och negativ inverkan, trots att krafterna är positiva genom internationella organisationers och länders krav samt den idéspridning som sker genom befolkningens internationella kontakter. Den negativa inverkan består av regimens reaktioner mot dessa positiva krafter i form av politiska och civila inskränkningar. Mot slutet av den analyserade tidsperioden blir regimen alltmer desperat genom auktoritära metoder men den förlorar också alltmer kontroll. Det förefaller som den grundläggande effekten av globalisering ändå till sist har en positiv inverkan genom att regimen förefaller upplösas.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kingston, Demelza. "Investigating central nervous system trypanosomosis in working equids in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2018. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/30682/.

Full text

Abstract:

Working equids, vital to many of the world’s most economically vulnerable people, face many challenges to their health, welfare and productivity. In The Gambia, West Africa, appropriate nutrition, husbandry and veterinary assistance are limited, while infectious disease is a constant threat, particularly the parasitic disease trypanosomosis. The prevalence of generalised trypanosomosis in working equids attending the Gambia Horse and Donkey Trust show in 2013 using PCR was 55.4%. Trypanosoma congolense was most prevalent (47.0%), followed by T. vivax (15.7%) and T. brucei s.l. (2.4%). Mixed infections were common (9.4%) and T. congolense/ T. vivax coinfection appeared to have the greatest clinical effect. Spread of T. brucei parasites to the central nervous system (CNS), confirmed using immunohistochemistry and PCR, causes severe CNS dysfunction. Horses showed spastic paraparesis that rapidly progressed to recumbency, while donkeys more often displayed somnolence and cranial nerve dysfunction with a slower deterioration. The disease was fatal in all cases. Histopathology revealed diffuse lymphocytic-plasmacytic meningoencephalo-myelitis with marked perivascular cuffing, particularly in the white matter. T cells were prominent in this first study of lymphocyte distribution in equine CNS trypanosomosis. Extensive reactive astrocytosis was also demonstrated. Currently, a reliable diagnosis of equine CNS requires post mortem samples. The loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was assessed for the diagnosis of equine T. brucei infection for the first time in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). An entomological survey showed that Glossina morsitans submorsitans was common in dry woodland areas while G. palpalis gambiensis was found in riverine habitats. The prevalence of T. brucei in the midguts of Glossina specimens was 1.7% and equine DNA was found in tsetse bloodmeals, providing evidence for ongoing interaction between host, parasite and vector. Atylotus agrestis, vector of T. vivax and T. congolense, was present in large numbers in village areas. Equine DNA was detected in one A. agrestis specimen, however, no evidence of T. brucei in association with these flies was found. Finally, microsatellite genotyping was used for the first time to investigate T. brucei populations in equine trypanosomosis in The Gambia. The results revealed a heterogenous population, providing further evidence for a tsetse-transmitted mode of transmission. No evidence of population clustering by disease type or host species was detected, suggesting that host factors determine pathogenesis. Initial evidence for the involvement of the tsetse vector supports evaluation of vector control methods although further analysis of T. brucei populations in insect vectors and their relationships with those infecting equids is recommended. The clinicopathological descriptions will be of use in further study of equine CNS trypanosomosis and the development of new therapeutics and LAMP has the potential to facilitate research, especially in the study of CNS infection which has, up to now, relied on post mortem confirmation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Saidy, Nuha. "A multidisciplinary analysis of prevalence of polygamous marriages in the Gambia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62554.

Full text

Abstract:

Polygamy remains one of the key topics in various societies. It is through cultural practices, beliefs and also on the individuals' choices that people decide to be committed to polygamy lifestyles. In several parts of Africa, polygamy is not only a marriage of choice but a value system that inspires and shapes family relations. With the discourse of rights, in particular women's rights, unstoppable coming to the fore, the practice of polygamy stands seriously challenged and its future is in grave doubt. However, polygamy remains widespread across the world.1 There are consequences to each type of marriage that certain individuals might adapt to. Women who have entered into polygamous marriages have different experiences that can be enriching to those who practice monogamy. This dissertation will highlight what people in polygamous marriages in the Gambia face on a daily basis. This dissertation will not argue that there are more disadvantages for women who are in polygamous marriages than there are for their counterparts in monogamous relationships. The dissertation will suggest that the patriarchal power structure appears to play a powerful and effective role in polygamous marriages in Gambian society. However, there is also a realization that many people practising polygamy in the Gambia are happier. There is also an exploration of the complexities of polygamous marriages from a worldview with the hope of understanding the nature and evolution of polygamous marriages.
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Centre for Human Rights
LLM
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Darboe, Ndey Ramou. "REGIONAL SECURITY ANALYSIS : ECOWAS AND THE CONSTITUTIONAL CRISIS IN THE GAMBIA." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-78750.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Bangura, Kitabu. "European Union Emergency Trust Fund; A Case Study of The Gambia." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-21426.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis is a case study that examines the impacts of the European Union Emergency Fund(EUTF) in The Gambia. Using a combination of the Neoclassical theory, New Economics ofLabor Migration theory and Migration Network theory this thesis investigates the impact theEUTF has had on irregular migration in The Gambia locally known as the “back way” to Europe.Furthermore, through the use of interviews, and secondary data from the InternationalOrganization for Migration (IOM) and International Trade Centre (ITC), this paper alsoinvestigates the impact of the projects implemented under the EUTF has on the beneficiaries.The analysis shows that in terms of the economic and employment opportunity plan of theEUTF, it has had too little coverage to have any significant impacts in the Gambia, however, theawareness-raising component has made a considerable impact on the decision-making process ofthe backway migration. Finally, the analysis shows that the EUTF has had a positive impact onits beneficiaries thus far.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Harding-Esch, Emma Michele. "Trachoma control and elimination field studies in the Gambia and Sengal." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.536939.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Eriksen, Kamilla Gehrt. "Maternal nutrition, breast milk micronutrients and infant growth in rural Gambia." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/271808.

Full text

Abstract:

Maternal nutrition, breast milk micronutrients and infant growth in rural Gambia The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of an infant’s life. However, the evidence base to support the adequacy of breast milk with respect to infant micronutrient status, across the duration of exclusive breastfeeding, among women who enter pregnancy and lactation with a poor nutritional status is limited. The research presented in this thesis explores the relationship between maternal nutritional status, breast milk micronutrients and infant status in a rural sub-Saharan context. Existing evidence for associations between maternal dietary intake and nutritional status and breast milk micronutrient composition were systematically reviewed. Most effected by maternal nutrition were breast milk water-soluble vitamin concentrations (except for folic acid), fat-soluble vitamin concentrations were less influenced, and mineral concentrations were generally unaffected (except for iodine and selenium). Next, the impact of feeding practice on infant growth in rural Gambia was explored. In this population, where growth faltering across the first two years of life is endemic, exclusive breastfeeding to six months of age had limited benefit on infant growth. Finally, the impact of maternal multiple micronutrient supplementation on breast milk iodine, thiamin, riboflavin, vitamin B6 and B12 was explored. Supplementation during pregnancy positively influenced maternal status for all investigated micronutrients, and modestly increased breast milk iodine and riboflavin concentrations across the first six months of lactation. No effects on breast milk concentrations of thiamin, vitamin B6 or B12, and limited effect on infant postpartum status, were observed. The research presented in this thesis suggests that concentrations of breast milk micronutrients may be insufficient in settings where maternal micronutrient status is poor, with likely consequences for infant health. This research supports the need for interventions to improve the nutritional status of pregnant and lactating women in resource-poor settings alongside the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding for optimal health outcomes for infants as well as their mothers.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Sanyang, Edrisa. "Risk factors and injury characteristics among trauma patients in the Gambia." Diss., University of Iowa, 2016. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2270.

Full text

Abstract:

This research focuses on injuries from all mechanisms, with particular focus on road traffic injuries in urban Gambia. Data from trauma registries established in two major trauma hospitals were used to address three aims: 1) examine the general characteristics of injured individuals and their injuries, and identify factors associated with discharge status from the hospital emergency room; 2) identify differences in road-user, collision, vehicle, and driver factors, among individuals hospitalized with a road traffic injury; and 3) examine personal, crash, and injury factors associated with transfer status among road traffic injured (RTI) patients, and identify limitations of the current trauma systems that might be improved for more efficient use of resources. Data used for this dissertation were from trauma registries established in two major trauma hospitals in The Gambia: Edward Francis Small Teaching Hospital (EFSTH) and Serrekunda General Hospital (SGH). At intake, the treating physicians and nurses completed an accident and emergency ward survey form for injuries from all mechanisms. For admitted road traffic injured patients (admission more than 24 hours), the road traffic injured admission form is completed. Data about risk factors contributing to crashes and injuries were collected from the patients. At hospital discharge, treating physicians used a 19-item questionnaire to collect data on the discharge status and disability at discharge of road traffic injured patients. Using the trauma registry data from March 1, 2014 to March 31, 2016, we found the leading mechanism of injury was road traffic. For place of occurrence, injuries mostly occur at home and on the road. Assault was higher among young females (19 to 44 years) than males. Males have increased odds for admission and disability due to road traffic injuries. We also found that among admitted road traffic injured patients, injuries to pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists were higher than other road users. Crashes involved risk factors at person, crash, and environment levels. Head/skull injuries were common, and concussions/brain injuries were higher among pedestrians, bicyclists, and motorcyclists than vehicle occupants. Finally, our results also suggest that vehicle occupants, and professionals/skilled personnel had increased odds of being transferred than directly admitted RTI patients. Fractures/dislocations, and concussions/brain injuries were frequent among transfers. Intravenous fluid was the most frequent treatment administered to patients transferred to the definitive-care hospitals. This project shows that injuries, especially road traffic, create a large burden of injury in The Gambia and the many contributing factors. It also provides evidence that there are many opportunities to intervene at personal, crash, and environment levels. Additionally, creating trauma registries across the country as well as trauma response system will have a greater impact to reduce burden of road traffic crashes in The Gambia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Suso, Saiba K. "Exploring Faculty’s Perspectives of the Influence of Leadership Styles on Motivation Towards Work at University of The Gambia (The Gambia) and University of Cheikh Anta Diop (Senegal)." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1617366671748483.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Kleis, Janina [Verfasser]. "Das schulische Bildungssystem in Gambia - Die Relevanz von Non-Governmental Organizations für die Bevölkerung Gambias: Ein empirischer Vergleich staatlicher und privater Schulen / Janina Kleis." Wuppertal : Universitätsbibliothek Wuppertal, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202950809/34.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Carter, Tracey Lynn. "The historical role of griots in Gambian politics." Diss., Restricted to subscribing institutions, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1971495761&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1564&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Usuf, Effua Abigail. "The introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine into the Gambia : carriage and costs." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590562.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Walker, Richard. "The risk factors and outcome for stroke in the Gambia, West Africa." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247843.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Louca, Vasilis. "The ecology of fishes and mosquitoes of the lower Gambia River floodplains." Thesis, Durham University, 2009. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/2082/.

Full text

Abstract:

This study investigated aspects of the ecology of fishes and mosquitoes using floodplains in the lower reaches of the Gambia River, a semi-arid river system. The Gambia River, situated at the edge of the Sahel, represents one of the few remaining major river systems not to have been impacted by any impoundments. It was hypothesised that seasonal variations in physical variables particularly related to the pattern of flooding and drying influence fish species distribution; the presence of some of these species probably also influencing mosquito larvae distribution. Fish and mosquito larvae were sampled along two lateral transects on the floodplain in The Gambia, from May to November 2005 - 2007. Water conductivity, pH and water depth all influenced fish species richness and bolongs (creeks) held greater species richness compared with other floodplain habitats, probably because they acted as conduits for fish moving on and off the floodplain. Species richness and catch biomass increased rapidly following the first rains and then declined. The Guinean tilapia, Tilapia guineensis, was the dominant species on the floodplains and its catches were positively associated with higher levels of conductivity and dissolved oxygen, shallower water and less vegetation cover. The Guinean tilapia is primarily an iliophage and the catches varied seasonally. Controlled experiments using T. guineensis in tanks with shallow water barriers showed that fish density plays a significant role in triggering fish emigration, whereas a lack of food available caused an increase in exploratory behaviour but with no impact on successful emigration. The influence of fish on the distribution of mosquito larvae on the floodplains was investigated. Semi-field trials were used to test two possible mechanisms for this influence: direct predation and oviposition avoidance due to the presence of fish chemical cues. The presence of T. guineensis decreased the chance of finding culicine larvae in the field possibly due to culicine mosquito avoiding ovipositing in habitats with fish present as fewer culicines oviposited in experimental tanks with fish, suggesting that ovipositing culicine females avoid water with fish. In contrast, oviposition by anophelines was unaffected by fish. Both fish species tested, T. guineensis and a common insectivore, Epiplatys spilargyreius were effective predators removing all late-stage culicine and anopheline larvae. In order to determine the relationships between mosquito distribution and the physical environment in an urban setting, mosquitoes were collected and environmental physical parameters were measured in and around Farafenni town, located at the edge of the foodplains in The Gambia. Levels of reactive phosphorus, distance from the nearest house, turbidity, amount of vegetation cover and the presence of algae all influenced the occurence of mosquito larvae collected in and around Farafeimi town. Anopheles arabiensis was found closer to houses than Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and the presence of algae was a strong indicator of the presence of anopheline larvae in general. Sites dominated by anophelines had higher turbidity levels compared to sites in which culicines dominated. Production of pupae was associated with high levels of reactive phosphorus concentrations. The results are discussed in the context of world climate change, anthropogenic impacts on large rivers and increased urbanisation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Dieke, Peter U. C. "The development of tourism in Kenya and The Gambia : a compartive analysis." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=25320.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to examine tourism development planning in Kenya and The Gambia; to compare and contrast their relative approaches to tourism development, and to assess their implications; to use the syntheses to identify hypotheses which might be used to stimulate tourism in developing countries. Concepts from tourism management (planning) and political economy (development) provide the theoretical framework for the investigation. Three hypotheses are put forward: Unless the tourism sector is managed well, problems are unavoidable. Second, because of weight of collective experience, management cannot obviate the problems but can help to solve them. Third, although planning for the sector may be good, this is only the input. Questions may be asked about structure, or about implementation. To test the hypotheses, Africa and the United Kingdom are chosen as field-work areas. The target is at two levels - demand and supply. The demand focuses on U.K. tour operators 'selling' East and West African tourist destinations. A short questionnaire, consisting of various factors considered important in choosing destinations, is constructed. The questionnaire seeks to ascertain tour operators' opinions on the competitiveness of Kenya and The Gambia as tourist destinations, relative to other African rivals. The results of the survey are incorporated into actual field-work in Africa. The supply side concentrates on a range of the travel trade operating in Kenya and The Gambia. It includes airlines, hoteliers, government officials. The purpose is to obtain sellers' view - the image the countries want to present overseas. The interview technique is used to generate field-work data. In both cases, the emphasis is to find out the problems of development as seen by the countries themselves and also the problems and difficulties experienced by tour operators in 'selling' the destinations. The thesis concludes on three notes: that the success of tourism in developing countries will depend largely on the need for planning, the need for flexibility, and the need for caution. It is argued that to disregard these propositions could spell a disaster for the tourism industry. The implication for developing countries is that if tourism is to provide the springboard for a realisation of the 'basic needs' cry of their citizens, in terms of an improvement of opportunity and quality of life, then the tourism sector needs to be planned. There have to be slack and selective tendencies built into it. These three factors are the main ingredients of success.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Burton, Matthew John. "Studies of the epidemiology, pathogenesis and control of trachoma in the Gambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.407979.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Sowe, Amadou. "The marketing of horticultural produce from micro-scale producers in the Gambia." Thesis, University of Reading, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288680.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Madge, Clare. "Medicine, money and masquerade : women, collecting and rural development in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.550929.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis assesses development theory by investigating the role of collecting to rural Gambians. Theories of development are based on the implicit acceptance of models of evolutionary development of society. Such models assume that societal development is linear, societies 'developing' from hunting and gathering (collecting) to farming to urban industrial modes of production as they ascend the 'evolutionary ladder'. Each stage is assumed to be distinct and not to overlap with the preceding or following stage. This thesis disputes such a model by revealing the vital importance of collecting to a so-called agricultural community in The Gambia. Research in Africa has hitherto concentrated on the farming system and cultivated crops and there is a large research gap concerning work on the collecting system and wild indigenous plant and animal species. Collecting is significantly more important than hitherto realized, suggesting that evolutionary models, and therefore theories on which development are based, are not only inaccurate but also potentially damaging. Collecting is only one aspect of rural individuals' adaptive survival strategies, interacting through time and space with farming and domestic activities. The importance of collecting is shown in this thesis, not only in subsistence terms to overcome seasonal stress both within and between years, but also as a vital component to the income-formation strategy of rural individuals and cosmology of socio-cultural life. Through an interdisciplinary approach this work attempts to dispel artificial boundaries placed on previous research in Africa. Since women are involved in collecting this thesis also contributes to the debate on gender and, through a methodology based on the individual, shows the importance of obtaining a differentiated view of women at both inter- and intra-household levels.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Nyanzi, Stella. "Negotiating scripts for meaningful sexuality : an ethnography of youths in the Gambia." Thesis, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (University of London), 2008. http://researchonline.lshtm.ac.uk/682421/.

Full text

Abstract:

Sexuality is an ambivalent concept with multiple layers of meaning, touching upon diverse aspects of individual and social meaning-making systems. The nuances embedded within emic interpretations and appreciations of sexuality are shaped by complex contextual factors. Based on thirty months of ethnographic fieldwork, this thesis describes and analyses how youths in The Gambia negotiate meaningful sexualities in their day-to-day lives; thereby generating a grounded theory about their sexual scripts. The researcher's theoretical positioning is social construction: combining sexual scripting theory, symbolic interactionism, and critical social theories drawn from post-colonialism, African feminism, post-modernism (deconstruction). These theories informed the research design, and the lens through which interpretations were made, instead of being 'grand' theories backing the study. Based upon the grounded theory approach, the study investigated emit perspectives on sexuality, and explored lay frameworks of explanation(s) for ordinary performances of things locally labelled `sexual'. Research methods' triangulated ethnographic participant observation, qualitative semi-structured individual interviews, focus group discussions, participatory rapid assessment techniques, literature review. The researcher -a female Ugandan medical-anthropologist - was the main instrument of data generation. The research design was premised upon a feminist paradigm. The data collection process was highly flexible and responsive to contextual findings in the field. The analysis was largely inductive. Performances of youth sexualities in The Gambia were largely reflective of the main youth subcultures. Each subculture prescribed specific elements for its dominant sexual script. I suggest these youths negotiate five categorisations of sexual scripts: 1) Crescent script based on Islamic ethos, 2) Condom script based on biomedical sexual and reproductive health, 3) Cupid script based on Western notions of falling in love, romance and individual will, 4) Cultural-precedence script based on a reified notion of tradition - enacted within ethnic groupings, and supporting gerontocratic dictates, 5) Commoditisation of sexuality for exchange.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Sarr, Sallah Mariama. "Pharmacology of artemether in children with protein energy malnutrition in The Gambia." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2014. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/2008886/.

Full text

Abstract:

Malaria and malnutrition are causes of high morbidity and mortality in developing countries especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Asia. Malnourished children are at higher risk of developing malaria, a problem compounded by the fact that malnutrition affects the metabolism of different antimalarials including chloroquine and quinine. Emerging resistance to chloroquine, which was the drug of choice, has led to the widespread use of artemisinin combination therapy in the population including children. To date, no studies have been undertaken on the pharmacokinetics of artemisinin compounds in malnourished children. This thesis aims to fill this evidence gap by studying patients with uncomplicated malaria of different nutritional status in The Gambia. Analysis of the nutritional status of 97 children in The Gambia with uncomplicated malaria showed that 30% were both underweight and wasting, while 28% were categorised into stunting. This was much higher than the national average which has been estimated to be 17.4%, 9.5% and 23% for underweight, wasting and stunting, respectively, demonstrating a potential relationship between malaria and Protein energy malnutrition. In-vitro studies showed that although pre-treatment of HL-60 cells with the iron chelator (DFO) did not affect the bioactivation of artesunate, there was a 20% increase in cell viability with IC50 increasing from 7.0 ± 4.3 to 33.3 ± 2.9. This is believed to be as a result of DFO chelating the toxic iron generated as a result of artesunate bioactivation which increased from 0.32 ± 0.6 ng/mol in the control incubations to 0.84 ± 0.1ng/mol at 100 μmol artesunate concentration. In light of the fact that iron was important in the mechanism of action of these compounds, and the fact that iron deficiency is commonly in malnourished children, the effect of both PEM and anaemia on plasma drug levels of artemether and DHA was also studied. LC-MS/MS method was optimised and validated for the simultaneous analysis of artemether and DHA in plasma with ≥80% precision and accuracy. Plasma artemether and DHA concentration analysed 2h post first dose was 138.4 ± 80.9 ng/ml and 58.8 ± 43.7 ng/ml respectively. Severely wasted and wasted children had the highest artemether (156.5 ±69.6 ng/ml) and DHA (84.1 ±62.6) plasma concentrations respectively but values were not statistically significant. Anaemic status of children did not have an influence on drug plasma concentration with anaemic children having artemether and DHA plasma concentration of 138.5 ± 73.7 and 57.9 ± 36.6, respectively, and 138.43 ± 85.3 and 59.3 ± 46.8 for non-anaemic children respectively. However, conclusive results were limited by sample size. In conclusion, this thesis has demonstrated a relationship between malaria and Protein energy malnutrition, and highlighted the possible effects pathophysiological changes as a result of protein energy malnutrition can have on drug pharmacology and therapeutic effects in these children. There is a need for further studies in larger cohorts of children with protein energy malnutrition to determine whether therapeutic efficacy of artemisinin combination therapy is affected in an adverse manner, and whether there is a need for changes in dosing recommendations.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

Barry, Abdourahman A. <1990&gt. "The Impact of Interest Rates on Business Loans Demand in The Gambia." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21670.

Full text

Abstract:

The main goal of this paper is to empirically examine whether there is a relationship between interest rates and the demand for business loans in the Gambia using monthly time series data ranging from January 2010 to December, 2020. We first test for stationarity of the variables to avoid spurious regression, using the Augmented Dickey Fuller Test and the variables were held stationary and test for Cointegration among the variables was done using the Johansen trace statistics test. Secondly we present and VECM to determine short-run and long run causalities on Business Loans demand that is derived from the independent variables and an OLS regression to determine the long-run relationship among the variables in the model. The OLS results shows that business loans demand in the long-run, has a negative relationship with real interest rates, and a positive relationship with real gross domestic product but both are statistically insignificant while Inflation and Exchange rate are negatively and positively related to Business Loans Demand respectively and statistically significant at the 99% confidence interval. The Johansen Cointegration Test reveals the existence of a long-run equilibrium relationship between business loans demand, real gross domestic product, real interest rates, inflation and nominal exchange rate. Furthermore, the results from the VECM shows that there exist a long term causality of 6.95% on Business Loans demand that is derived from GDP, Interest rate, Inflation and Exchange rate while there exist no short term relationship on business loans demand that is derived from the explanatory variable and no short run relationship derived from also the lag of private business loans itself.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The Gambia'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles