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Ojakorotu, Victor, and Bamidele Olajide. "Asymmetric relations and enforcement of democracy in West Africa: The case of Nigeria and The Gambia." New Contree 86 (July 30, 2021): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/nc.v86i0.25.
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Nigeria and The Gambia have been involved in asymmetrical relations since 1965 given the disparity in the material capabilities between them. This asymmetry came to the fore in the role played by Nigeria in resolving the 2016 political impasse in The Gambia when former President Yahya Jammeh refused to accept the results of the elections and quit power, having lost to the opposition. Adopting Krystof Kozák’s four behavioural tendencies of asymmetrically stronger states in the theory of asymmetry in international relations, this article notes that Nigeria changed its behaviour towards The Gambia from asymmetric benevolence (B2) to military threat (B4) to oust Jammeh from power. It, however, adds that beyond deploying its asymmetric advantage in resolving the Gambian impasse, Nigeria cannot be of serious assistance to The Gambia in building democratic structures and institutions due to its democratic challenges on B2 terms. The article concludes that Nigeria’s action in the Gambian crisis was an end in itself, that is, it was aimed at forestalling threats to regional stability. Nigeria lacks moral and technical wherewithal to deploy its B2 behaviour towards the development of democratic institutions in The Gambia.
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Kea, Pamela. "Photography, care and the visual economy of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations." Journal of Material Culture 22, no. 1 (December 14, 2016): 51–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359183516679188.
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This article examines transnational kinship relations between Gambian parents in the UK and their children and carers in The Gambia, with a focus on the production, exchange and reception of photographs. Many Gambian migrant parents in the UK take their children to The Gambia to be cared for by extended family members. Mirroring the mobility of Gambian migrants and their children as they travel between the UK and The Gambia, photographs document changing family structures and relations. It is argued that domestic photography provides an insight into the representational politics, values and aesthetics of Gambian transatlantic kinship relations. Further, the concept of the moral economy supports a hermeneutics of Gambian family photographic practice and develops our understanding of the visual economy of transnational kinship relations in a number of ways: it draws attention to the way in which the value attributed to a photograph is rooted in shared moral and cultural codes of care within transnational relations of inequality and power; it helps us to interpret Gambians’ responses to and treatment of family photographs; and it highlights the importance attributed to portrait photography and the staging, setting and aesthetics of photographic content within a Gambian imaginary.
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Sanfilippo, Katie Rose M., Vivette Glover, Victoria Cornelius, Rita T. Amiel Castro, Bonnie McConnell, Buba Darboe, Hajara B. Huma, et al. "Expression of antenatal symptoms of common mental disorders in The Gambia and the UK: a cross-sectional comparison study." BMJ Open 13, no. 7 (July 2023): e066807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2022-066807.
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ObjectivesIt is important to be able to detect symptoms of common mental disorders (CMDs) in pregnant women. However, the expression of these disorders can differ across cultures and depend on the specific scale used. This study aimed to (a) compare Gambian pregnant women’s responses to the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Self-reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and (b) compare responses to the EPDS in pregnant women in The Gambia and UK.DesignThis cross-sectional comparison study investigates Gambian EPDS and SRQ-20 scores through correlation between the two scales, score distributions, proportion of women with high levels of symptoms, and descriptive item analysis. Comparisons between the UK and Gambian EPDS scores were made by investigating score distributions, proportion of women with high levels of symptoms, and descriptive item analysis.SettingThis study took place in The Gambia, West Africa and London, UK.Participants221 pregnant women from The Gambia completed both the SRQ-20 and the EPDS; 368 pregnant women from the UK completed the EPDS.ResultsGambian participants’ EPDS and SRQ-20 scores were significantly moderately correlated (rs=0.6, p<0.001), had different distributions, 54% overall agreement, and different proportions of women identified as having high levels of symptoms (SRQ-20=42% vs EPDS=5% using highest cut-off score). UK participants had higher EPDS scores (M=6.5, 95% CI (6.1 to 6.9)) than Gambian participants (M=4.4, 95% CI (3.9 to 4.9)) (p<0.001, 95% CIs (−3.0 to –1.0), Cliff’s delta = −0.3).ConclusionsThe differences in scores from Gambian pregnant women to the EPDS and SRQ-20 and the different EPDS responses between pregnant women in the UK and The Gambia further emphasise how methods and understanding around measuring perinatal mental health symptoms developed in Western countries need to be applied with care in other cultures.Cite Now
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Samba, Omar, and Ebrima Jatta. "THE NATIONAL INTEREST OF CHINA IN THEIR ECONOMIC COOPERATION WITH THE GAMBIA." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 5, no. 1 (March 17, 2021): 80–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.32787/ijir.v5i1.184.
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This paper aims at finding out the national interest of China in conducting economic cooperation with the Gambia from 2016. Relying on qualitative inquiry, this research is informed by the theoretical concepts from national interest. In terms of national interest, the political aspect of the national interest of Morgenthau and the economic aspect of Donald E. Nuechterlein is used to analyze the national interest of China in the Gambia. To answer the research question: What is China’s national interest in their economic cooperation with the Gambia? The research finds out that China has political and economic interests in the Gambia. Politically, China’s interest in the Gambia is clearly stated in the joint communique signed between China and the Gambia when they were resuming their diplomatic relations in 2016. As a form of this agreement, the Gambia is supporting the One-China principle by not opening official relations with Taiwan. Finally, China retains an economic interest to secure the Gambian market for Chinese products and natural resources for Chinese manufacturing industries. Most importantly, is the port of the Gambia which has a strategic location in the west Africa region and is crucial to the China’s belt and road initiative. China has become one of the major sources of financial support for the Gambia since resuming economic cooperation in 2016. This financial support includes giving loans, grants, aid, and trade. As can be seen from the analysis of the dependency perspective, this research shows that China uses its loans and grants to monopolized the Gambia market for Chinese goods and Chinese investment which likely creates contracts for Chinese companies and provide job opportunities for Chinese citizens.
Keywords: national interest, China, The Gambia, economic cooperation, one-china principle.
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Petuch, Edward, and David Berschauer. "A New Lautoconus Species Radiation from Gambia, West Africa." Festivus 50, no. 3 (August 1, 2018): 164–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54173/f503164.
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Six sympatric species of the cone shell genus Lautoconus Monterosato, 1923 have been discovered on an isolated rock reef near the Gambia River Mouth, Gambia, West Africa. Of these, four were found to be new to science and, together, they represent a previously unknown Gambian endemic species radiation. These include: Lautoconus fernandi new species, L. gambiensis new species, L. rikae new species, and L. wolof new species. The poorly-known Gambian endemic cone, Lautoconus orri (Ninomiya and da Motta, 1982) was also found to be a component of the rock reef fauna, as was the wide-ranging L. guinaicus (Hwass, 1792) (Senegal to Ghana). The Gambian cluster of sibling species represents the farthest-south separate radiation of Lautoconus known from the West African coast.
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Barnett, Linda K., Craig Emms, Alpha Jallow, Anna Mbenga Cham, and Jeanne A. Mortimer. "The distribution and conservation status of marine turtles in The Gambia, West Africa: a first assessment." Oryx 38, no. 2 (April 2004): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605304000353.
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This paper reports the first systematic survey of the marine turtles of the 80 km of Gambian coastline, and brings together new data and all past records and reports of marine turtles in The Gambia. Green turtles Chelonia mydas are the most abundant turtles and this is the only species so far observed nesting in The Gambia, with peak nesting between August and October. Although 75% (60 km) of The Gambian coastline appears to be suitable for turtle nesting, most nesting activity is confined to the southern coastline. Offshore foraging habitat is apparently extensive. Strandings of green turtles, olive ridley turtles Lepidochelys olivacea, leatherback turtles Dermochelys coriacea and hawksbill turtles Eretmochelys imbricata have been recorded, but we were unable to find evidence for loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta. Threats are mainly of human origin, and include illegal harvesting of eggs, juveniles and adults, as well as mortality as fisheries bycatch, including trawling. One stranded green turtle apparently had fibropapilloma disease. The major threat to nesting habitats is erosion and unregulated development of the coast for tourism. Marine turtles are fully protected under Gambian law. Other national efforts to conserve turtles in The Gambia are described and assessed.
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Gassama, Saikou, Hamidah, and Erina Sudaryati. "The Need for Introduction of Sharia Microfinance Program in the Gambia." Economit Journal: Scientific Journal of Accountancy, Management and Finance 1, no. 3 (August 31, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/economit.v1i3.483.
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The Gambia is a 95 percent Muslim country that is located in the western part of Africa. The population of the country is around 2.5 m. The Gambia is largely dependent on Agriculture, tax, tourism, and foreign aid and is ranked 178, in the Human Development Index 2019, the Gambia is classified as a country with medium human development. The paper used the literature review method. Currently, there is various microfinance program that has been existing for years, but none of them are having Islamic microfinance loan products until recently when two are lunched, as a result, some did not take their loans and even those who take it is hard to change their lives because it is purely for profit-making and also the higher interest rate for some of them. Islamic Microfinance would be the best development instrument for the population of Gambia. The microfinance institutions in The Gambia are very well expanded, they are the main source of credit to the Gambian population both rural and urban. Therefore it will be very important if microfinance institutions in the Gambia can introduce sharia microfinance. The objective of this paper is to suggest ways to introduce sharia microfinance in The Gambia and the benefits of sharia microfinance. The results of this study find out that Islamic microfinance is a viable loan product that can work in the Gambia, there are various kinds of Islamic microfinance products that can work for the poor in the Gambia, such as farmers, gardeners, and market vendors or SMEs. And Islamic microfinance could be the best way of eradicating poverty in the Gambia, since it is not based on the predetermined interest rate and have various suitable loan schemes, if well implemented can change lives.
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Daffeh, Abdoukabirr. "The Experience of Gambian Migrants in Libya: Understanding Factors that Influenced their Returned." International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science VIII, no. II (2024): 873–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2024.802061.
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This study examines the experience of Gambian migrants in Libya. The article explores the root causes of irregular migration and factors that influence migrants to return. The article adopted a qualitative method and used a case study design to generate data from different sets of returnees. The study uses in-depth interviews with 50 returnees to enrich the data generated from secondary literature and official reports. The article also assesses the reintegration and support programs offered to returnees to enable them to effectively resettle in the Gambia. While the article underscores the grave implication of irregular migration on the development of the Gambia and the lives of the migrants, significant progress has been made by the government of the Gambia and partners towards the governance of migration. The study found that even though irregular migration still happens in the Gambia, the rate and magnitude have reduced. The article recommends remodeling agriculture and making it enticing for young people as well as supporting young people in entrepreneurship will provide a lasting solution to irregular migration
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Quaife, Matthew, Mareme Diallo, Assan Jaye, and Melisa Martinez-Alvarez. "Partnership preferences, economic drivers, and health consequences of Gambian men’s interactions with foreign tourists: A mixed methods study." PLOS Global Public Health 3, no. 2 (February 28, 2023): e0001115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgph.0001115.
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The Gambia has a thriving tourist industry, but in recent decades has developed a reputation as a destination for older, female tourists to seek sexual relationships with young Gambian men. During partnerships or in return for sex, Gambian men may receive financial support or in some cases the opportunity to travel to Europe with a partner. There has been little previous research among these men on sexual risk behaviours, physical and mental health, and health service utilisation. This study describes the economic drivers and health implications of interactions between Gambian men and foreign tourists near tourist resorts in The Gambia. We conducted simultaneous mixed method data collection among Gambian men who regularly interact with tourists: a cross-sectional quantitative survey and discrete choice experiment (DCE) with 242 respondents, three focus group discussions, and 17 in-depth interviews. The survey asked questions on demographic characteristics, sexual history and health-seeking, the DCE elicited trade-offs between partnership characteristics, and qualitative data explored individual and group experiences in depth. We found that sexual activity between Gambian men and tourists was prevalent with 50% of the sample reporting ever having sex with a tourist. Condom use at last sex was significantly higher with tourist (63%) than with Gambian partners (40%, p<0.01). Condom use, money, and opportunity to travel to Europe were most important to respondents in the DCE. Qualitative data validated and explained quantitative findings, notably pressures to engage in unprotected sex and potential travel to Europe. Although men’s physical health needs were broadly met, mental health, substance use and sexual health needs were not. Young men working on the beaches of The Gambia face substantial health risks, including from STIs and mental health issues. The health system needs to understand barriers to existing health services, and how they can meet the needs of these vulnerable men.
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Conteh, Seedy, and Rusni Hassan. "AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC PERCEPTION OF ISLAMIC BANKING IN THE GAMBIA." International Journal of Islamic Economics and Finance Research 4, no. 1 July (July 1, 2021): 53–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.53840/ijiefer51.
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Modern Islamic finance has grown from a mere complement to conventional finance into a more viable and competitive form of financial intermediation in the world. It has received remarkable patronage from many Muslim majority countries since the advent in 1963. The Gambia is a Muslim majority West African nation where Islamic banking began in the country since 1997. However, the patronage of Islamic banking in the Gambia is quite insignificant compared to many Muslim countries. Hence, this paper seeks to analyze the perception of the Gambian public towards Islamic banking. A sample size of 459 respondents collected through questionnaire survey was used to collect the research data and the methodology adopted was quantitative with descriptive-cum-exploratory research design. SPSS version 25 and Microsoft Excel 2010 were used to analyze the data. Findings indicated that the perception of the Gambian public towards Islamic banking is generally positive and awareness about the existence of Islamic banking was high. However, knowledge about Islamic banking principles and understanding of Islamic banking products and operations were quite poor. Results also suggest that the Gambian public is willing to patronize Islamic banking, however, religion although important, but it is not the main patronage factor for Islamic banking in the Gambia. Results of Multiple Regression indicated that two of the independent variables namely, awareness and understanding of Islamic banking principles and products were not statistically significant in influencing public perception of Islamic banking while independent variables such as bank selection criteria and willingness to patronize were statistically significant.
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Wright, Donald R. "The Effect of Alex Haley's Roots on How Gambians Remember the Atlantic Slave Trade." History in Africa 38 (2011): 295–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hia.2011.0014.
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Beginning in late August 1974, I spent eight months in The Gambia, collecting oral traditions. My intention was to use what I obtained to reconstruct the history of Niumi, a precolonial “state” (Mandinka: banko) located at the mouth of the Gambia River. Over three centuries of slave trading in the river, Niumi was a dominant player in the region's political economy. Thus, one of my primary goals was to learn how Gambians remembered the centuries-long commerce that connected people living along the Gambia River to a vast Atlantic economic system, the heart of which was the sale and transportation of humans.To my disappointment, with only a few exceptions, Gambian informants did not recall much about the slave trade. In Albreda and Juffure, the two Gambia-River villages where people were most involved in dealings with Europeans during the slave-trading era, the best informants could say little beyond noting ruins of old buildings and mentioning vague doings of “the Portuguese.” In the end, only three informants were able and willing to say anything beyond the most banal generalities about the capture, movement, and sale of slaves that occurred in the Gambia River. My assessment was that in the body of stories that Gambians held in their collective memory, a vast void existed between tales of the long-ago, and likely mythical, origins of a clan, village, or state and events that occurred much more recently, in this case after the British settled Bathurst, near the river's mouth, in 1816.
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Peter, Lothar, Hans-Georg Wolf, and Augustin Simo Bobda. "An account of distinctive phonetic and lexical features of Gambian English." English World-Wide 24, no. 1 (May 9, 2003): 43–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/eww.24.1.04pet.
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The article discusses the specific features of the English used in The Gambia by looking at the phonetic and lexical markers that distinguish Gambian English from the other national varieties of West African English. The study shows that Gambian English has a number of established and exclusive features owing to the formation of a national norm and the influence of certain indigenous languages, yielding a national quasi-standard easy to identify.
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Obu, Raphael Nyarkotey. "The Gambia and the Right to Traditional, Complementary, and Alternative Health Care: A Legal Commentary." Journal of Complementary and Alternative Medical Research 21, no. 4 (May 16, 2023): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jocamr/2023/v21i4445.
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Health rights are important fundamental human rights. But unfortunately missing in the Gambian 1997 Constitution. Besides, the right to health does not only pertain to the mainstream sector but extends to the practice of medical pluralism. In promoting medical pluralism in a country such as the Gambia, rights to health should also extend to access to traditional and alternative remedies. The provision of the attainable highest standard in the profession should be the hallmark of the Nation.
Article 24 of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples states: Indigenous peoples have the right to their traditional medicines and to maintain their health practices, including the conservation of their vital medicinal plants, animals, and minerals.
The question is what is being done for the Indigenous Peoples in the Gambia to have access to their traditional and alternative medicines without any hindrances? In this legal commentary, I explore the constitutional provisions of the right to health in the Gambia and access to traditional, complementary, and alternative medicines.
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Dierickx, Susan, Kelvin Onyango Oruko, Ed Clarke, Sainey Ceesay, Allan Pacey, and Julie Balen. "Men and infertility in The Gambia: Limited biomedical knowledge and awareness discourage male involvement and exacerbate gender-based impacts of infertility." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 29, 2021): e0260084. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0260084.
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Introduction Infertility in Sub-Saharan Africa constitutes an important social and public health problem. Yet, there is a paucity of research on the experiences of men living with infertility, especially in West Africa. This study explored men’s aetiological knowledge, views and experiences of infertility in the West Coast region of The Gambia, West Africa. Methodology An explorative qualitative study was conducted among men living in the rural and urban communities of the West Coast region of The Gambia using in-depth interviews. Data collection and analysis were performed concurrently, and thematic data analysis was an iterative process carried out using NVivo 11 Analysis Software. Results Gambian men had generally poor knowledge of infertility, allocating it to God, spiritual powers and bodily (biomedical) factors. While societal norms meant that infertility was generally attributed to women, some men allocated male-factor infertility to poor sperm quality and impotence. Infertility threatened participants’ sense of masculinity and resulted in psychosocial distress, including stigma, feelings of isolation, and low self-esteem. Conclusion Normative gendered frameworks of infertility result in high levels of female responsibilisation in the Gambian context. Yet men diagnosed with infertility experience significant, often unrecognized, psychological and social distress. We therefore call for increased attention to male-factor infertility, and the promotion of male engagement with infertility-care and services, both of which are essential for successfully addressing infertility and it’s psychosocial consequences in The Gambia.
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Darboe, Momodou. "Gambia." African Studies Review 47, no. 2 (September 2004): 73–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0002020600030870.
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Abstract:Over the past fifteen years, the practice of Islam in the Gambia has undergone a perceptible change, from a tolerant and accommodating type of Qaddriyya-inspired Islam to a more radical form. This transformation has coincided with the rulership of President Yahya Jammeh, a master of manipulation of Islamic symbols. Breaking with his predecessor Sir Dawda Jawara, Jammeh has frequently blurred the line between mosque and state to reinforce his political advantage. Examples include building a mosque on state grounds and cultivating particular imams. At the same time, Jammeh has not hesitated to break with his local Wahhabi allies when he has judged it expedient to do so. Thus, in the wake of severe economic deterioration and a resulting rapprochement with the United States, the Jammeh regime has challenged the nation's prime Wahhabi leader over girls' wearing of headscarves to school. Gambia's recent experience illustrates the reciprocal relationship between religion and politics, and politicians' use of Islam for personal gain.
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Janneh, Fatou. "Women’s Struggles through Collective Action in The Gambia, 1950s to 1970." African Studies Quarterly 21, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/asq.21.2.135959.
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Women have a long history of organizing collective action in The Gambia. This article argues that, since authorities failed to serve women’s interests, Gambian women resorted to using collective action to overcome their challenges through kafoolu and kompins [women’s grassroots organizations] operating in rural and urban areas. They shifted their efforts towards organizations that focused on social and political change. These women’s organizations grew significantly as they helped women to promote social and economic empowerment. Women cultivated political patronage with male political leaders to achieve their goals. Political leaders who needed popular support to buttress their power under the new republican government cashed in patronage. Despite their efforts in politics, there is very limited research on women’s political contribution to The Gambia, especially through activism. This paper adds much needed data to this discourse by discussing the collective action of Gambian women in their struggles to gain “voice.” Thus, this study relies on primary data from oral interviews. Secondary sources, such as academic journals, and books, provide context to the study.
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Baldeh, Pateh. "Ethno-Regionalism And Political Party Loyalty In The Gambia: A Fracture In The Newly-Found-Democracy." European Journal of Behavioral Sciences 4, no. 3 (December 20, 2021): 32–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33422/ejbs.v4i3.671.
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This article interrogates what inspires the resurgence of ethno-regional political party loyalty in contemporary Gambian politics. It explores the relationship between ethnicity/regionalism and political party affiliation and the possible impact of ethnic politics on ideal democratic ethos and development in the small West African state. The article demonstrates how people sought security to reduce the uncertainty they face in a seemingly competitive and hostile world through the invocation of firm lost values as a way to rebuild a life in which they can achieve emotional and perhaps, physical safety. The study adopts a qualitative method of data collection, using a purposive sampling technique to select a sample size of 30; it relied extensively, inter alia, on the use of primary data obtained from the Independent Electoral Commission (IEC) The Gambia, and as well as secondary data sources. The study reveals that ethno-regionalism continues to influence partisan loyalty and thus electoral outcomes in The Gambia. It further reveals that the turbulent pre and immediate post-2016 Presidential election of The Gambia resulted in ethnic motivated political party loyalty, fear of violent reprisals, and accusatory rhetoric. This in a way, resulted from political elites' exploit of people's ethnic consciousness in an attempt to oust President Jammeh in 2016. The split-over effect of this continues to jeopardise the corporate existence of various identities in the country and strain efforts to build a peaceful, harmonious, and prosperous Gambia.
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Pleass, R. J., J. R. M. Armstrong, C. F. Curtis, M. Jawara, and S. W. Lindsay. "Comparison of permethrin treatments for bednets in The Gambia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 83, no. 1 (March 1993): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300041870.
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AbstractAn experimental hut trial of bednets was undertaken in The Gambia to compare six different permethrin treatments, including a wash-resistant formulation, and to test the effect of thorough hand washing of the nets. The wash-resistant formulation on nylon and cotton nets deterred Anopheles gambiae Giles (sensu lato) from house entry. All treated bednets killed a significantly higher number of A. gambiae (sensu lato) than untreated nets. The ability to kill mosquitoes was not diminished with the wash-resistant and Wellcome formulations after washing unlike the normal ICI formulation, this result being consistent with the permethrin residues found by gas liquid chromatographic (GLC) analyses to persist on the nets after washing. The mortality on treated cotton nets was significantly less than on treated nylon nets. Of the unwashed nets only the cotton net was significantly repellent. Both washed and unwashed treated nets significantly reduced the proportion of human bloodfed mosquitoes that survived and were potentially able to transmit malaria. Although the wash-resistant formulation might prove more efficient at killing mosquitoes with time, as compared to the other treatments, in The Gambia, where women wash their nets frequently, we suggest that the cheapest and most readily available formulation is used on nylon nets where possible.
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Krafsur, E. S., M. Madsen, D. L. Wohlford, S. Mihok, and N. T. Griffiths. "Population genetics of Glossina morsitans submorsitans (Diptera: Glossinidae)." Bulletin of Entomological Research 90, no. 4 (August 2000): 329–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300000456.
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AbstractBreeding structure of Glossina morsitans submorsitans Newstead was evaluated by using genetic markers in mitochondrial DNA where diversity was scored at two loci in five natural populations from The Gambia and two populations in Ethiopia (form ugandensis Vanderplank), countries separated by c. 5450 km. Twenty six haplotype combinations were found, of which 17 were shared among two or more populations. Nine haplotypes were found in The Gambia and 23 haplotypes in Ethiopia. There were 12 unique haplotypes. Only six haplotypes were shared between the two countries. Populations in The Gambia (he = 0.26 ± 0.04) showed less than a third of the diversity of populations in Ethiopia (he= 0.84 ± 0.03). This suggests recovery from an earlier reduction in population. In a nested analysis of molecular variance of haplotype frequencies, 65%of the variance was due to differences within populations, 34% to differences between populations grouped by country, and only 1% was due to differences among populations within countries. In terms of gene flow, the fixation index FST= 0.35, which leads to an estimate by Wright’s island model of less than one reproducing migrant per generation exchanged between the eastern and western submorsitanspopulations. Nei’s genetic similarity measure showed a deep division between Gambian and Ethiopian populations.
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Jawo, Amadou, Mohammed Jebou, and Lamin Fatou Bayo. "The Relationship between Inflation, Exchange Rate, Money Supply and Economic Growth in The Gambia." Technium Social Sciences Journal 40 (February 8, 2023): 213–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v40i1.8267.
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Instability in the movement of prices is a major concern in all countries. The rise in foreign exchange and prices of goods and services are among the key factors that causes fluctuation in the economic growth of a country. Thus, this paper adopted the ARDL model to examine whether real effective exchange rate, economic growth and money supply causes Inflation in the Gambia for the period 1985 to 2021. The finding reveals that all our variables causes inflation positively and negatively in the long run and short run respectively at a significant level of 1% except real effective exchange rate and money supply which is significant at 5% level in the long run. The recursive cumulative sum shows that the relationship was stable and the square recursive cumulative sum reveals instability in the relationship of our dependent and independent variables which could be as a result of exogenous shock in output and increase amount of public debts. The study recommends the Gambian government to be caution in taking increase amount of public debts and also the central bank of the Gambia to move from monetary targeting to inflation targeting so as to maintain economic growth and price stability. However, the central bank of the Gambia should assess the entire economy before implementing the policy.
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Barrow, Abdou, Yahya Muhammed Bah, and Mbassi Sanneh. "Child Marriage and Its Impacts on the Education of Girls in the Rural Gambia: Focus on Niani District." Muslim Education Review 1, no. 2 (December 28, 2022): 278–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.56529/mer.v1i2.81.
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Twenty-one percent of young women married before the age of eighteen. Approximately 650 million girls and women are married before their 18th birthday (UNICEF, 2020, 2021). States member of the United Nations, through its Sustainable Development Goals, has committed to ending child marriage globally through laws, legislation, and other means. Though the practice of child marriage is declining globally, it remains prevalent in Africa and Asia, particularly in the Gambia. This study looks at the impact of child marriage on girls' education in rural Gambia and the factors that encourage it. The researchers conducted qualitative case study research through documentation, Focus Group discussion (FGD), observation, and interviews to collect data. The study's findings indicate that child marriage has negative impacts on girls' education in rural Gambia. This reveals the fact that the percentage of girls enrolled in schools, especially high school, is lower than boys. Girls also face more difficulties than boys to complete, retain and transit to secondary or higher education. This leaves them with no future and excludes them from social or economic advantages. The factors that encourage child marriage are included: religion, poverty, culture, lack of meaningful opportunity, older men's desire for younger women to marry, and the failure of law enforcement. These factors mentioned repeatedly perpetuate the practice of child marriage, and undermine the educational opportunities for the majority of girls in the Niani district of Gambia. Therefore, the researchers recommend that the Gambian government enforce the existing laws and regulations to protect children’s fundamental rights and put into practice the necessary regulations on the prohibition and elimination of this phenomenon.
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Rajeckaitė, Beata, and Raisa Kobecka. "Moja Gambia." Awazymyz. Pismo historyczno-społeczno-kulturalne Karaimów 30, no. 3-4 (64-5) (December 31, 2019): 26–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33229/az.877.
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Herlehy, Thomas J., and David P. Gamble. "The Gambia." International Journal of African Historical Studies 22, no. 3 (1989): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/220235.
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Widenmann, Elizabeth A., and David P. Gamble. "The Gambia." African Studies Review 34, no. 3 (December 1991): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/524150.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "THE GAMBIA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 2, no. 1 (2004): 1111–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160604x01269.
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Human Rights Law in Africa, Editors. "THE GAMBIA." Human Rights Law in Africa Online 3, no. 1 (1998): 309–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221160698x00410.
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Jammeh, Buya. "Gambia gagged?" Index on Censorship 42, no. 4 (December 2013): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306422013513859.
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Jonga, Modou, and Fadhli Zul Fauzi. "COMPARATIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT RESPONSE TO COVID-19 IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES: CASE IN GAMBIA AND INDONESIA." Jurnal Politik Pemerintahan Dharma Praja 15, no. 2 (December 31, 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33701/jppdp.v15i2.2880.
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This study aims to evaluate the performance of two different local governments in two different nations using decentralization and policy implementation theories. It will also provide a general overview of the situation in these two nations at the time that Covid-19 began to spread. Using a comparative case study (CCS), this study compares local government response to Covid-19 in Gambia and Indonesia. In this study, the pandemic Covid-19 was given the same effect in each country but produced different results depending on government activities in each country. When the first Covid-19 cases appear in their countries, Gambia and Indonesia face a similar problem, but they also have a similar strategy for dealing with this pandemic outbreak. The Gambian government provides food, personal protective equipment (PPE), and essential sanitary items, as have several local governments in Indonesia. Gambia and Indonesia also establish a task force (both central and local government) to control virus spread, which becomes a key action in both countries' management of the Covid-19 outbreak. This research find that the role of local government in translating policy from the central government becomes critical to a region's success. A country's central government must not only maintain good performance in areas where it already excels, but also provide education and strong attention to local governments that are still struggling in order for them to improve their performance.
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Hartmann, Christof. "ECOWAS and the Restoration of Democracy in the Gambia." Africa Spectrum 52, no. 1 (April 2017): 85–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000203971705200104.
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Following the disputed December 2016 presidential elections in The Gambia, ECOWAS managed to “restore democracy” in the country by using the threat of force, but without any use of direct physical violence. Both the African Union and the United Nations Security Council backed ECOWAS, which also gave ECOWAS legitimacy, for what was essentially ECOWAS's policy, and indeed an African solution to African problems. Only when the scenario of military invasion became credible did the Gambian regime accept the defeat. Four main factors explain the behaviour of ECOWAS and its success: ECOWAS had a clear legal mandate to threaten the use of force in order to protect democracy in one of its member states; there was consensus that ECOWAS forces could have coped with the relatively small Gambian army; the Gambian president could not rely on friends among his regional peers or some powerful ally from outside Africa; and regional leaders such as Nigeria and Senegal made a credible commitment to the regional intervention. While the intervention was a victory for pro-democratic activist regionalism, the specific West African conditions make a diffusion of the model to other parts of Africa unlikely.
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Touray, Sunkaru, Baboucarr Sanyang, Gregory Zandrow, and Isatou Touray. "Incidence and Outcomes after Out-of-Hospital Medical Emergencies in Gambia: A Case for the Integration of Prehospital Care and Emergency Medical Services in Primary Health Care." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, no. 6 (November 15, 2018): 650–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x1800105x.
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AbstractBackgroundThe Gambia is going through a rapid epidemiologic transition with a dual disease burden of infections and non-communicable diseases occurring at the same time. Acute, time-sensitive, medical emergencies such as trauma, obstetric emergencies, respiratory failure, and stroke are leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adults in the country.ProblemData on medical emergency care and outcomes are lacking in The Gambia. Data on self-reported medical emergencies among adults in a selection of Gambian communities are presented in this report.MethodsA total of 320 individuals were surveyed from 34 communities in the greater Banjul area of The Gambia using a survey instrument estimating the incidence of acute medical emergencies in an adult population. Self-reported travel time to a health facility during medical emergencies and patterns of health-seeking behavior with regard to type of facility visited and barriers to accessing emergency care, including cost and medical insurance coverage, are presented in this report.ResultsOf the 320 individuals surveyed, 262 agreed to participate resulting in a response rate of 82%. Fifty-two percent of respondents reported an acute medical emergency in the preceding year that required urgent evaluation at a health facility. The most common facility visited during such emergencies was a health center. Eighty-seven percent of respondents reported a travel time of less than one hour during medical emergencies. Out-of-pocket cost of medications accounted for the highest expenditure during emergencies. There was a low awareness and willingness to subscribe to health insurance among individuals surveyed.Conclusion: There is a high incidence of acute medical emergencies among adults in The Gambia which are associated with adverse outcomes due to a combination of poor health literacy, high out-of-pocket expenditures on medications, and poor access to timely prehospital emergency care. There is an urgent need to develop prehospital acute care and Emergency Medical Services (EMS) in the primary health sector as part of a strategy to reduce mortality and morbidity in the country.TourayS, SanyangB, ZandrowG, TourayI. Incidence and outcomes after out-of-hospital medical emergencies in Gambia: a case for the integration of prehospital care and Emergency Medical Services in primary health care. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2018;33(6):650–657.
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Hemingway, J., S. W. Lindsay, G. J. Small, M. Jawara, and F. H. Collins. "Insecticide susceptibility status in individual species of the Anopheles gambiae complex (Diptera: Culicidae) in an area of The Gambia where pyrethroid impregnated bednets are used extensively for malaria control." Bulletin of Entomological Research 85, no. 2 (June 1995): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007485300034301.
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AbstractPyrethroid-impregnated bednets are being used nationwide in The Gambia. The future success of this malaria control programme depends partly on the vectors remaining susceptible to those insecticides used for treating the nets. The present study was carried out on the south bank of the river Gambia, during the first large scale trial of nets in this country. Thus this area represents a sentinel site for detecting insecticide resistance in local vectors. This study gives an example of how a system of early detection for resistance problems can be set up in a relatively complex situation where multiple vectors and non-vectors are present. Samples of the Anopheles gambiae complex were caught indoors using light traps in twelve villages used in the bednet study. In all villages A. gambiae sensu stricto Giles was the predominant member of the complex as determined using the rDNA-PCR diagnostic assay. Limited bioassays with DDT and permethrin, and biochemical assays for a range of insecticide resistance mechanisms suggest that the A. gambiae complex remains completely susceptible to all major classes of commonly used insecticides including pyrethroids. Biochemical assays suggest that a low frequency of DDT resistance may occur in A. melas Theobald. This is based on elevated glutathione S-transferase levels coupled with increased levels of DDT metabolism and does not involve cross-resistance to pyrethroids. Therefore we do not envisage a decline in the efficacy of treated nets against malaria vectors in the study area in the immediate future, although monitoring should be continued whilst wide-scale use of impregnated bednets is operational.
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Imam, Abdulazeez, Oghenebrume Wariri, Tida Dibbasey, Abdoulie Camara, Anthony Mendy, Assan N. Sanyang, Masaneh Ceesay, et al. "Conducting clinical research in a resource-constrained setting: lessons from a longitudinal cohort study in The Gambia." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 8 (August 2021): e006419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2021-006419.
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Clinical research conducted to Good Clinical Practice (GCP) standards is increasingly being undertaken in resource-constrained low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) settings. This presents unique challenges that differ from those faced in high-income country (HIC) contexts, due to a dearth of infrastructure and unique socio-cultural contexts. Field experiences by research teams working in these LMIC contexts are thus critical to advancing knowledge on successful research conduct in these settings. The Medical Research Council Unit The Gambia at London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine has operated in The Gambia, a resource-constrained LMIC for over 70 years and has developed numerous research support platforms and systems. The unit was the lead clinical collaborator in a recently completed Expanded Program on Immunization Consortium (EPIC) study, involving a multicountry collaboration across five countries including the USA, Canada, Belgium, Papua New Guinea and The Gambia. The EPIC study recruited and completed follow-up of 720 newborn infants over 2 years. In this paper, we provide in-depth field experience covering challenges faced by the Gambian EPIC team in the conduct of this study. We also detail some reflections on these challenges. Our findings are relevant to the international research community as they highlight practical day-to-day challenges in conducting GCP standard clinical research in resource-constrained LMIC contexts. They also provide insights on how study processes can be adapted early during research planning to mitigate challenges.
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Tweneboah, Rabbi, Eugene Budu, Patience Dzigbordi Asiam, Stephen Aguadze, and Franklin Acheampong. "Awareness of obstetric fistula and its associated factors among reproductive-aged women: Demographic and health survey data from Gambia." PLOS ONE 18, no. 4 (April 6, 2023): e0283666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0283666.
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Childbirth complications continue to remain a major problem in various settings but most rampant in underdeveloped nations, including Gambia, where poor living condition is widespread. Obstetric Fistula (OF) has been cited as one of the most common issues experienced by mothers during labor over the years. The study thus focuses on evaluating the level of awareness of this condition among Gambian women of childbearing age. Women’s Data from the recent Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Gambia was used for the study. A total of 11,864 women of reproductive age, who had completed cases of the variables of interest were used for the analysis. Stata version-16 was used in carrying out the analysis of this study; and Pearson Chi-square test for independence was used to examine the distribution of the awareness of fistula among Gambian women across the explanatory variables. A two model binary logistic regression was fitted to examine the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The study presented that, majority of the Gambian women (87.2%) had no knowledge about Obstetric Fistula, as they indicated to have never heard of the condition. Considering the individual factors, age was seen to be a significant factor in determining the awareness level of Obstetric Fistula among women of childbearing age. As they age, the higher their odds of knowing about the condition. Other factors such as level of education, marital status, pregnancy termination, media exposure, community poverty level, and employment were also discovered to be significant factors in determining a woman’s awareness of Obstetric Fistula. Considering the low level of awareness of Obstetric Fistula among Gambian women, there is therefore the need for the appropriate institutions to increase health educational programmes targeted at creating its awareness, and to provide further in-depth understanding of the condition to the few who already have a fair knowledge about it.
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Thomas, Christopher J., Dónall E. Cross, and Claus Bøgh. "Landscape Movements of Anopheles gambiae Malaria Vector Mosquitoes in Rural Gambia." PLoS ONE 8, no. 7 (July 18, 2013): e68679. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068679.
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Jawara, Musa, Margaret Pinder, Chris J. Drakeley, Davis C. Nwakanma, Ebrima Jallow, Claus Bogh, Steve W. Lindsay, and David J. Conway. "Dry season ecology of Anopheles gambiae complex mosquitoes in The Gambia." Malaria Journal 7, no. 1 (2008): 156. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-7-156.
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Hultin, Niklas, and Tone Sommerfelt. "Anticipatory tribalism: accusatory politics in the ‘New Gambia’." Journal of Modern African Studies 58, no. 2 (June 2020): 257–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022278x20000178.
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AbstractThis article examines the upsurge in denunciations of ‘tribalism’ in public debate during The Gambia's transition from the autocracy of Yahya Jammeh to the ‘New Gambia’ under President Adama Barrow. In these public debates, derogatory statements about particular ethnicities articulate fears of present or future alliances to monopolise political power. These fears are disproportionate to attempts of organised political mobilisation on ethnic grounds, which remain marginal. It is argued that accusatory politics are a salient, and neglected, feature of ethnic dynamics in contemporary Gambian – and African – politics. This politics of accusation involves the contestation and negotiation of moral legitimacy in the political sphere, in a manner challenging the separation of the moral and the political undergirding scholarly distinctions between ethnicity and tribalism.
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Toyé, Rayana Maryse, Damien Cohen, Flor Helene Pujol, Amina Sow-Sall, Gora Lô, Kunikazu Hoshino, Masashi Mizokami, et al. "Hepatitis B Virus Genotype Study in West Africa Reveals an Expanding Clade of Subgenotype A4." Microorganisms 9, no. 3 (March 17, 2021): 623. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms9030623.
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Hepatitis B virus (HBV) classification comprises up to 10 genotypes with specific geographical distribution worldwide, further subdivided into 40 subgenotypes, which have different impacts on liver disease outcome. Though extensively studied, the classification of subgenotype A sequences remains ambiguous. This study aimed to characterize HBV isolates from West African patients and propose a more advanced classification of subgenotype A. Fourteen HBV full-length genome sequences isolated from patients from The Gambia and Senegal were obtained and phylogenetically analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis of HBV genotype A sequences isolated from Senegalese and Gambian patients exhibited separate clusters from the other known and confirmed subgenotypes A (A1, A2, A6). Most of the sequences (10/14) clustered with an isolate from Cuba, reported as subgenotype A4 (supported by maximal bootstrap value). Four isolates from The Gambia and Senegal clustered separately from all other subgenotypes and samples sequenced in the study. Three of which from The Gambia, designated as an expanding clade of subgenotype A4, exhibited a mean inter-subgenotypic nucleotide divergence over the entire genome sequence higher than 4% in comparison with the other subgenotypes and the other isolates sequenced in the study, except with subgenotype A4 isolates (3.9%), and this was supported by a maximal bootstrap value. The last one from Senegal seemed to be an expanding subgenotype close to the new clade of A4. Amino acid analysis unveiled a novel motif specific to these isolates. This study revealed an expanding evolution of HBV subgenotype A and novel amino acid motifs. It also highlighted the need for a consensus regarding the analysis and classification of HBV sequences.
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Notton, Gillian. "The Gambia Experience." Veterinary Nursing Journal 8, no. 5 (September 1993): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17415349.1993.11012557.
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Thomas, Kit. "V.S.O. in Gambia." Midwifery 2, no. 1 (March 1986): 15–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-6138(86)80067-5.
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Clompus, Harriet. "Grinning in Gambia." BMJ 328, Suppl S3 (March 1, 2004): 0403118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sbmj.0403118.
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Gassama, Saikou. "Islamisation of Microfinance program in The Gambia." Journal of Finance and Islamic Banking 4, no. 1 (September 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.22515/jfib.v4i1.3385.
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The Gambia is a 95 percent Muslim that is located in the western part of Africa. The population of the country is just around 2.5 m. The Gambia is largely dependent on Agriculture, tax and foreign aid and is ranked 178, in the Human Development Index 2019, the Gambia is classified as a country with medium human development. Currently there are various microfinance program that has been existing for years, but none of them are having Islamic microfinance loan products, as a result some did not take their loans and even those who take it is hard to change their lives, because it is purely for profit making and also the higher interest rate. Islamic Microfinance would be the best kind of development instrument for the population of Gambia. The microfinance institutions in the Gambia are very well expanded, they are the main source of credit to the Gambian population both rural and urban. Therefore it will be very important if microfinance institutions in the Gambia can introduce Islamic microfinance. The objective of this paper is to suggest ways to Islamize microfinance in The Gambia and the benefits Islamic microfinance. It is anticipated that the outcome of this paper would complement efforts by the government and NGO in the fight to eradicate poverty in the Gambia.
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Alliasuddin, Bakary S. "Dynamic Economic Growth of Gambia." International Journal of Social Science, Technology and Economics Management 1, no. 2 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.59781/vrtu8686.
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The study analyzes the economic growth of Gambia through factors such as trade openness, investment, and government spending by using a dynamic linear regression model. This study uses yearly data from 1980 to 2020 with a total sample of 41 years. The results show that government expenditure and FDI are significantly and positively related to economic growth, while trade openness, on the other hand, influences economic growth negatively in the Gambia. The Gambian government should increase its expenditure on productive sectors to improve the performance of the economic growth of the Gambia. It also needs to provide import substitute industries to encourage the dependence on local goods compared to external goods.
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Gyuse, Abraham N., Iorfa Tor-Anyiin, Joshua P. Mwankwon, Ousman Nyan, and Horeja Saine. "Strengthening healthcare through family medicine training in The Gambia: The journey so far." African Journal of Primary Health Care & Family Medicine 16, no. 1 (April 25, 2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/phcfm.v16i1.4446.
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According to the World Health Organizations (WHO) family medicine forms the bedrock upon for accessible, affordable and equitable healthcare for any country. The need for family doctors is more acute for low income countries like The Gambia. More so that The Gambian health infrastructure is suboptimal and appropriate health personnel is low. This is worsened by brain drain leading to poor health indices. Despite these challenges and more, the department of Family Medicine was accredited for training in the Gambia with improved infrastructure (at the training centre), with 7 residents. Though there are still challenges there are also opportunities and strengths. There is therefore hope that the right personnel will be produced for an improved Gambian health system.
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Mam Kumba Gaye and Dr. Matarr Njie. "Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Economic Growth in the Gambia: Evidence from Time Series Analysis." International Journal of Business & Management, May 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.24940/theijbm/2023/v11/i4/bm2304-020.
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This paper aims to assess the impact of foreign direct investment on The Gambian economy using time series data from 1980-2018. Estimations were made using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) together with various other econometric and statistical methods to analyze the nexus between FDI flows and economic growth in The Gambia. The results show a positive link between foreign direct investment and economic growth in The Gambia. This finding suggests that an increase in foreign direct investment will positively impact the economic growth of the country. Based on this finding, the paper recommends that policymakers in the Gambia develop business-friendly environment policies and a quality educational system and ensure political stability to attract foreign investors, which in turn could enhance the country's economic growth prospects.
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Terefe, Bewuketu. "The prevalence of teenage pregnancy and early motherhood and its associated factors among late adolescent (15–19) years girls in the Gambia: based on 2019/20 Gambian demographic and health survey data." BMC Public Health 22, no. 1 (September 17, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-14167-9.
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Abstract Introduction Pregnancy and early motherhood among teenage girls is the current issue of public health burden in developing countries. Although the Gambia has one of the highest adolescent fertility rates in Africa, there is no data record about it in The Gambia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the prevalence of pregnancy and early motherhood and its determinants among late adolescent girls in the Gambia. Methods It is a secondary data analysis using the 2019–20 Gambian demographic and health survey data. A total of 2,633 weighted 15–19 years old girls were included in the study. Using Stata 14 version, a pseudo logistic regression analysis method was employed to declare factors significantly associated with pregnancy and early motherhood among 15–19 years old late-adolescent girls in the Gambia. Variables with a p-value of < 0.2 were entered into multivariable regression analysis, and after controlling other confounding factors adjusted odds ratio of 95% CI was applied to identify associated variables. Results Pregnancy and early motherhood were found in 13.42% of late adolescent Gambian girls. Logistic regression analysis depicted that a unit increase in adolescent age was positively significantly associated with pregnancy and early motherhood (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 2.15; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.93,2.39), after period ended knowledge of ovulatory cycle (aOR = 1.99; 95% CI = 1.23,3.22), being from a family size of greater than ten (aOR = 1.25; 95 CI = 1.01,1.55) times more likely to become pregnant and early motherhood than their counterparts respectively. In contrast, rich in wealth (aOR = 0.35; 95% CI = 0.23,0.54), having primary education (aOR = 0.58; 95% CI = 0.43,0.79), secondary and above education (aOR = 0.12; 95% CI = 0.09,0.17). Conclusion Pregnancy and early motherhood remain significant public health challenges in the Gambia. Strengthening female education, empowerment, reproductive health life skill training and awareness, encouraging disadvantaged females, and designing timely policies and interventions are urgently needed.
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Mali, Meghan E., Ousman Sanyang, Katherine L. Harris, Justin Sorensen, Mustapha Bittaye, Jonathan Nellermoe, Raymond R. Price, and Edward K. Sutherland. "Capacity assessment and spatial analysis of cervical cancer services in The Gambia." BMC Women's Health 23, no. 1 (December 9, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12905-023-02802-5.
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Abstract Background Cervical cancer is the most common cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related death in Gambian women. The Gambian Ministry of Health is striving to improve access to screening, diagnostic, and treatment services for cervical cancer, but comprehensive data on currently available services is limited making it challenging to appropriately prioritize the ideal next steps for expanding care. This study aims to describe the current services available for the prevention, screening, and treatment of cervical cancer in The Gambia and provide suggestions for expanding geographic access to care. Methods A survey aimed at assessing the availability of key cervical cancer-related services was developed and then administered in person by research assistants to all secondary and tertiary health facilities (HFs) in The Gambia. ArcGIS Pro Software and 2020 LandScan population density raster were used to visualize and quantify geographic access to care. Survey results were compared with published targets outlined by the Gambian Ministry of Health in the “Strategic Plan for the Prevention and Control of Cervical Cancer in The Gambia: 2016–2020.” Results One hundred and two HFs were surveyed including 12 hospitals, 3 major health centers, 56 minor health centers, and 31 medical centers/clinics. Seventy-eight of these HFs provided some form of cervical cancer-related service. HPV vaccination was available in all health regions. Two-thirds of the population lived within 10 km of a HF that offered screening for cervical cancer and half lived within 10 km of a HF that offered treatment for precancerous lesions. Ten HFs offered hysterectomy, but nine were located in the same region. Two HFs offered limited chemotherapy. Radiotherapy was not available. If all major health centers and hospitals started offering visual inspection with acetic acid and cryotherapy, 86.1% of the population would live within 25 km of a HF with both services. Conclusions Geographic access to cervical cancer screening, and precancer treatment is relatively widespread across The Gambia, but targeted expansion in line with the country’s “Strategic Plan” would improve access for central and eastern Gambia. The availability of treatment services for invasive cancer is limited, and establishing radiotherapy in the country should continue to be prioritized.
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OMASANJUWA, Akpojevbe. "RESIDENCY RESTRICTION ON COLONIAL GAMBIA CHIEFS." İçtimaiyat, November 29, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33709/ictimaiyat.1325571.
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Through qualitative analysis the paper examines the soured relationship between Gambian chiefs and their colonial masters and the legal implications of the disciplinary actions the latter meted on the former. By disregarding normal standard legal procedures, the colonial administrators inflicted draconian punishments on chiefs that dare think outside the box. From archival materials, colonial correspondences Colonial Gambia and learned journals publications the paper advanced explanations for the highhandedness of the colonialists which degenerated into residency restrictions imposed on the chiefs, viewed against the legal background of Due Process. The common law court rulings cited to buttress opinions expressed in the paper indicate that colonialism in The Gambia remained a case of the strong exerting control over the weak that had no option but to put up with the inevitable consequences of colonial rule.
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Soe, Phyumar, Lisa G. Johnston, Jean Damascene Makuza, and Mohammad Ehsanul Karim. "The association between HIV self-test awareness and recent HIV testing uptake in the male population in Gambia: data analysis from 2019–2020 demographic and health survey." BMC Infectious Diseases 23, no. 1 (May 26, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-023-08254-4.
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Abstract Background The Gambian Ministry of Health is supportive of HIV self-testing (HIVST) and HIVST initiatives are being piloted as an additional strategy to increase HIV testing for individuals not currently reached by existing services, particularly men. This study aimed to determine awareness of HIVST among Gambian men, and whether prior awareness of HIVST is associated with recent HIV testing uptake. Methods We used men’s cross-sectional data from the 2019–2020 Gambian Demographic and Health Survey. We employed design-adjusted multivariable logistic regression to examine the association between HIVST awareness and recent HIV testing. Propensity-score weighting was conducted as sensitivity analyses. Results Of 3,308 Gambian men included in the study, 11% (372) were aware of HIVST and 16% (450) received HIV testing in the last 12 months. In the design-adjusted multivariable analysis, men who were aware of HIVST had 1.76 times (95% confidence interval: 1.26–2.45) the odds of having an HIV test in the last 12 months, compared to those who were not aware of HIVST. Sensitivity analyses revealed similar findings. Conclusion Awareness of HIVST may help increase the uptake of HIV testing among men in Gambia. This finding highlights HIVST awareness-raising activities to be an important intervention for nationwide HIVST program planning and implementation in Gambia.
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"Gambia." Africa Bibliography 2003 (December 2004): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266673100000349.
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"Gambia." CABI Compendium CABI Compendium (January 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/cabicompendium.108439.
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