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1
Meinl, Stefan, and Jeanne Hansen. "The Gender Gap." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Lärarutbildningen (LUT), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-35891.
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Syftet med denna studie är att få en inblick i verksamma lärares föreställningar och förhållningsätt kring genus. Samt skolans syn på begreppet och vilka faktorer som påverkar arbetet kring genus.Vår huvudfrågeställning är: •Vilka föreställningar har lärarna kring genus och hur förhåller sig de till detta?Våra underfrågor är:•Vilka svårigheter anser lärare att det finns för att arbeta genusmedvetet?•Vilket stöd ges åt genuspedagogik i skolan för läraren?Vi har utgått från Hirdmans och Butlers teorier kring genus. Tidigare forskning visar att lärare anser att genus är ett komplext och komplicerat begrepp. De anser att tidsbrist och saknaden av didaktiska övningar som negativa faktorer. Kvalitativa intervjuer och observation har gjorts med sex lärare i grundskolans tidigare år. Resultatet i studien visar att lärarna arbetar väldigt hårt med att behandla alla lika, men det saknas kunskap kring genus som perspektiv. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det finns ett glapp mellan lärarnas föreställningar och deras förhållningsätt.A study of teachers conception and approach to gender.
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Eicker, Jannis. "Gender-Pay-Gap." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-223783.
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Der Gender-Pay-Gap ist eine statistische Kennzahl zur Messung der Ungleichheit zwischen Männern* und Frauen* beim Verdienst. Es gibt zwei Versionen: einen "unbereinigten" und einen "bereinigten". Der "unbereinigte" Gender-Pay-Gap berechnet den geschlechtsspezifischen Verdienstunterschied auf Basis der Bruttostundenlöhne aller Männer* und Frauen* der Grundgesamtheit. Beim "bereinigten" Wert hingegen werden je nach Studie verschiedene Faktoren wie Branche, Position und Berufserfahrung herausgerechnet. Neben dem Gender-Pay-Gap gibt es noch weitere Kennzahlen von Einkommensdiskriminierung wie dem Gender-Pension- oder auch dem Racial-Pay-Gap.
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Sosa, Madison Renee. "Gender Pay Gap Analysis." University of Toledo Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=uthonors1533558382655623.
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Cooper, Danielle Jamilla. "Gendered Social Bonds and Gender Ideologies: Understanding the Gender Gap in Delinquency." NCSU, 2004. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12132004-185137/.
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The purpose of the research is to evaluate whether a simple ?add gender and stir? approach with Hirschi?s social control theory can help explain gender differences or the gender gap in delinquency. I propose that incorporating traditional gender ideologies into the traditional ?add gender and stir? approach can help extend the theory and lead to a better understanding of the gender gap. Using data from the National Youth Survey, I empirically assess the differences in the levels (means) and the effects that attachment to family, commitment to school and/or a future career, and acceptance of traditional gender ideologies have on delinquency. The findings suggest that although Hirschi?s theory offers insight into why males and females engage in delinquent behavior, it does little to explain the gender gap in delinquency. Specifically, having ?stakes in conformity? curbs delinquency among both males and females. However, the data shows that these stakes in conformity do not help understand the gender gap per se. The findings also suggest that the acceptance of traditional gender ideologies play an important part in understanding the gender gap in delinquency because these ideologies promote delinquency among males but control female delinquency. These findings underscore arguments that the ?add gender and stir? approach to understanding the gender gap in delinquency is insufficient. Future research should continue to explore broad gender arguments derived from gender studies.
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Helgeson, Björn. "The Swedish Wikipedia Gender Gap." Thesis, KTH, Medieteknik och interaktionsdesign, MID, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-177493.
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The proportion of women editors on the English language Wikipedia has for years been known to be very low. The purpose of this thesis is to see if this gender gap exists on the Swedish language Wikipedia as well, and investigate the reasons behind it. To do this, three methods are used. Firstly a literature review is conducted, looking at women in computing and how Wikipedia works and how it was founded. Secondly, user behavior and activity-levels are measured through means of a database analysis of editors and edits. And thirdly, a survey is distributed, aimed at both readers and editors of Swedish Wikipedia, gathering some 2700 respondents. The results indicate that there is indeed a big disproportion, and that only between 13-19% of editors are women. The findings did not indicate readers of the encyclopedia having any strong negative preconceptions about Wikipedia or its community. However when looking at reasons for not contributing, women were significantly more likely to perceive themselves as not competent enough to edit. Computer skills were found to be an important factor for trying out editing in the first place, and Wikipedia’s connection to a male-dominated computing/programming culture is put forth as a reason for the resilience of the gender gap. The difference in men’s and women’s communication styles in relation to the climate Wikipedia’s policies and guidelines is also discussed.Andelen kvinnor som redigerar engelskspråkiga Wikipedia har visats vara väldigt låg. Syftet med detta arbetet är att undersöka om andelen ser likadan ut på den Svenskspråkiga siten också, samt undersöka de bakomliggande orsakerna. För att göra detta används tre metoder. Först görs en literaturstudie som behandlar kvinnor inom programmering och hur Wikipedia fungerar och dess grundande. Därefter mäts användarbeteende och aktivitetsnivåer genom en databasanalys på redigerare och redigeringar. slutligen distribuerades en webb-enkät riktad till både läsare och redigerare av svenskspråkiga Wikipedia, med runt 2700 svaranden. Resultaten visar att det finns en stor snedfördelning och att endast mellan 13-19% av redigerare är kvinnor. Resultaten påvisar inte några särskilda negativa uppfattningar hos läsare om Wikipedia eller dess gemenskap. Däremot uppgav kvinnor i signifikant högre utsträckning att en viktig anledning till att de inte bidrog till encyklopedin var att de inte upplevde sig tillräckligt kompetenta. Datorvana fanns vara en viktig faktor till att testa på att redigera första gången, och Wikipedias koppling till en mans-dominerad programmeringskultur diskuteras som en faktor till den låga andelen kvinnor. Wikipedias policies och riktlinjer och dess sammankoppling med skillnader i män och kvinnors kommunikationsstilar på internet diskuteras även.
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Naslin, Nathalie, and Gwénaëlle CHAUFAUX. "The Gender Earnings Gap among Immigrants in Sweden : How does the immigrants’ gender earnings gap vary relative to the natives’ gender earnings gap in Sweden?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-44825.
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Using data from 1999 on immigrants in Sweden, we find that the gender earnings gap among immigrant is lower than natives’ gender earnings gap and negatively related to their source country gender earnings gap. We also show that immigrants’ earnings are lower and more concentrated than the natives’ ones which leads to a lower gender earnings gap for immigrants. Then, regarding the gender earnings gap along the earnings distribution and linking it with earnings distribution of immigrants and natives, we are able to conclude that immigrants are not strongly affected by the glass ceiling effect since they are not present in the upper tail of the distribution. We reach the conclusion that such gender earnings gap differences between natives and immigrants may be explained by selection in the labour force participation, occupational segregation of immigrants, source country culture and discrimination.
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Caicedo, Andrea. "The 2012 Presidential Election Gender Gap." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/578550.
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The gender gap in presidential elections has been an important part of American politics for the past decades. This phenomenon in politics refers to the differences of men and women in party identification and voting behavior. This paper explains the origins of the gender gap dating back to the 1980s. It explains the patterns and analyzes the most significant issues in each presidential election. Finally, it analyzes the gender gap in the 2012 presidential election. It focuses on the issues that had the biggest difference and it explains why some issues are more susceptible to having a greater gender gap.
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Kuroiwa, Kelly J. "The gender-gap in educational expectations." Virtual Press, 2002. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1236374.
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This study utilizes the 10th-12th-grade panel from the National Educational Longitudinal Study (NEIS:88) to examine the gender-gap in educational expectations. The study uses regression analysis to determine whether background, academic, social, and career variables affect educational expectations differently for males and females and whether these differences can explain the gender-gap in educational expectations. Socio-economic status and having professional career aspirations have stronger effects on educational expectations for males. However, no significant sex differences were found in the effects of academic ability and achievement, parents' expectations, or peer engagement on students' educational expectations. The results also indicate that females have higher educational expectations because they have higher academic ability and achievement; parents and peers have higher expectations for them, and they are more likely to have professional career aspirations than their male peers.Department of Sociology
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Schneebaum, Alyssa, Miriam Rehm, Katharina Mader, Patricia Klopf, and Katarina Hollan. "The Gender Wealth Gap in Europe." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2014. http://epub.wu.ac.at/4320/1/wp186.pdf.
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This paper studies the gender wealth gap using 2010 Household Finance and Consumption Survey data for 15 European countries, and finds that households with only one male adult have more net wealth than households with one female adult, and that households with an adult couple have
the highest net wealth. Using OLS regressions to predict net wealth and the inverse hyperbolic sine transformation of net wealth, as well as the nonparametric DiNardo-Fortin-Lemieux re-weighting technique, to study the relationship between household and personal characteristics with net wealth, the paper finds that differences in labor market characteristics between male and female households, most notably lifetime labor force participation and wages, explain much of the gender wealth gap.(authors' abstract)Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Duffel, Christy. "Racial Differences in the Gender Gap." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2006. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/336.
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The gender gap is a political phenomenon that has been observed in the electorate since the election of Ronald Reagan in 1980, with women being more Democratic and liberal than men. Many studies have examined its existence among the white public, but little has been done to document its presence among blacks. This study examines the gender gap among whites and blacks and compares the results in order to see if there is a gender gap that exists among blacks and if it is similar to that for whites. Bivariate and multivariate analyses conducted for both blacks and whites find that the documented gender gap among whites is more pervasive than that for blacks, largely because blacks are more united in their Democratic partisanship and liberal attitudes. However, there are also significant gender differences among blacks that usually are similar to and at times different from those among whites.
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Zhou, Yu. "Occupational Skills and Gender Wage Gap." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83563.
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This dissertation consists of three essays studying the occupational wages, skills, and gender wage gap in U.S. and other OECD countries. The analysis especially focuses on how the gender differences in skill levels and skill returns could explain the gender wage gaps and changes. The first chapter outlines the dissertation by briefly discussing the motivations, methods, and main findings in each of the following chapters.
Chapter 2 focuses on the well-documented wage and employment polarizations in the U.S.. The occupations moving into the lower tail ("in" occupations) have more immigrant workers, more part-time workers, and less female workers. In addition, the wage gaps between domestic/immigrant, full-time/part-time, and male/female workers are also larger in "in" occupations. The opposite facts hold true in the occupations moving out of the lower tail ("out" occupations). Utilizing the regional differences, we also find stronger spillover effect from high-wage occupations to the "out" occupations than the effect to the "in" occupations.
Chapter 3 investigates how gender differences in skills beyond education and experience can account for the observed gender wage gap and its changes between 1980 and 2015 by using data from the Dictionary of Occupational Titles (DOT) and the Occupational Information Network (O*NET). The main empirical finding is that female workers possess much higher level of caring skills, and the returns to caring skills are significantly negative but have increased over time, accounting for a major part of the persistent gender wage gap and the narrowing gender wage gap from 1980 to 2015. Another significant portion of the narrowed gender wage gap can be attributed to the faster growth in female workers' average directness skills and the fact that the returns to directness skills are significantly positive and stable over time.
In the last chapter, we document significant cross-country variation in gender wage gaps among OECD countries by using the data from Survey of Adult Skills (PIAAC). We find significant cross-country variation in the gender differences in returns. The gender differences in returns to basic labor and experience are the most important factors in explaining the gender wage gap. In addition, gender differences in returns to cognitive and directness skills are playing milder but substantial roles in explaining the wage gap. We also find the social institutions and attitudes indicators are related to the cross-country variation in gender differences.Ph. D.
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Malmberg, Åsa. "Evaluating the gender wage gap in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7654.
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Using mainly quantile regressions, this paper evaluates the gender wage gap throughout the conditional wage distribution in Sweden. The gender wage is found to increase at the upper tail of the wage distribution, indicating an enforcement of the glass ceiling effect recorded in earlier studies.
The results also indicate that the earlier noted trend of diminishing wage differences at the bottom of the wage distribution now is turning. The increase of overall wage inequalities coincides with a general increase in wage dispersion among high-income and low-income individuals. It is also noted that there are substantial differences in returns to productivity characteristics between the public and the private sectors, and that both the highest and the lowest unexplained gender wage gap is found in the public sector.
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Stecklein, Gordon. "Bridging the Gender Gap in Quantum Physics." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2008. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/24.
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Why is it important to study the gender gap in physics? Despite entering the workforce in increasing numbers over the last fifty years, women remain severely underrepresented in science and technology-related careers, particularly in positions of authority. Simultaneously, numerous studies verify that women have the ability to perform as well as – or better than – males in physics, and, when presented in certain lights, as many women as men show an interest in physics. Changes must be made in order to strive for equality and, given the changing demographic of the workforce, increase our country’s diminishing scientific prowess.
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Alksnis, Christine. "Sexism, stereotyping, and the gender wage gap." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ55614.pdf.
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Andersen, Jaime. "The gender wage gap : exploring the explanations." Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/760.
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Rickardsson, Jonna, and Josefine Göthberg. "The Gender Wage Gap : - among Swedish municipalities." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Economics, Finance and Statistics, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-26897.
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Though successively decreasing over time, gender wage gaps are still large in all western countries. When gender wage gaps exist, there is an unequal distribution of economic power between men and women. This paper examines variables that significantly relate to the differences in the size of the gender wage gap across Swedish municipalities. With data gathered from Statistics Sweden and the Swedish Social Insurance Agency for the year 2011, a series of OLS regressions are performed. By examining what variables are statistically related to variations in the gender wage gap over municipalities, for example, average wage, human capital, gender segregation and work absence, the aim is to further contribute to the field of gender economics. The results in this paper show that the gender wage gap exists in all 290 Swedish municipalities. It varies greatly with women earning only 56 percent of men’s wages in Danderyd to women earning 87 percent of men’s wages in Haparanda. In municipalities where average wages are high the gender wage gap is large. Long-term illness and lowered capacity to work are strong factors negatively affecting the gender wage gap. In municipalities where women are more affected by long-term illness and lowered capacity to work than men the gender wage gap is larger. Furthermore, there is a significant relation between the gender wage gap and human capital. The gender wage gap is larger in municipalities where a large share of the population has a higher education.
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Schneebaum, Alyssa, Miriam Rehm, Katharina Mader, and Katarina Hollan. "The Gender Wealth Gap Across European Countries." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2016. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5175/1/wp232.pdf.
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This paper studies the gap in wealth between male and female single households using 2010 Household Finance and Consumption Survey data for eight European countries. In the raw data, a large gap emerges at the upper end of the unconditional distribution. While OLS estimates show no difference in average net wealth levels, quantile regressions at the 95th percentile yield mixed evidence for the gender wealth gap in different specifications. Labour market characteristics and participation in asset and debt categories largely explain the differences between male and female single households. We show that the gender gap in net wealth is driven by gender gaps in gross wealth and its components, but is attenuated in four countries by gender gaps in (collateralized) debt. In the full specification, the unexplained gap in gross wealth amounts to 27% in Slovakia, 33% in France, 44% in Austria, 45% in Germany, and 48% in Greece. A robustness check using person-level pension wealth confirms the presence of a gender gap for the full population.Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Schneebaum, Alyssa, Miriam Rehm, Katharina Mader, and Katarina Hollan. "The Gender Wealth Gap Across European Countries." Wiley, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/roiw.12281.
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This paper studies the gap in wealth between male and female single households using 2010 Household Finance and Consumption Survey data for eight European countries. In the raw data, a large gap emerges at the upper end of the unconditional distribution. While OLS estimates show no difference in average net wealth levels, quantile regressions at the 95th percentile yield mixed evidence for the gender wealth gap in different specifications. Labour market characteristics and participation in asset and debt categories largely explain the differences between male and female single households. The gender gap in net wealth is driven by gaps in gross wealth and its components, but is attenuated in four countries by gender gaps in (collateralized) debt. In the full specification, the unexplained gap in gross wealth amounts to 27 percent in Slovakia, 33 percent in France, 44 percent in Austria, 45 percent in Germany, and 48 percent in Greece.
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Bryan, Jessica Lynn. "The "Religious Gender Gap" and Presidential Approval." OpenSIUC, 2010. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/376.
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Religion and gender have been found to play significant roles in shaping po- litical attitudes such as party identification and ideology. While much of the focus has been on the "religion gap" and the "gender gap," little empirical research has explored how religion affects the political attitudes of men and women differently. Using a 2004 Pew survey, this study examines how religion and gender interact to affect four different areas of President Bush's approval in 2004: general approval, economic policy approval, foreign policy approval, and social policy approval. The results support a "religious gender gap" theory, where the effect of gender on presi- dential approval varies across levels of religious commitment. For general, economic policy, and foreign policy approval, secular men and women are more similar on average than highly religious men and women. For social policy approval, highly religious men and women are more similar on average than secular men and women.
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Zandberg, Mordechai Yehonatan. "Essays on the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship:." Thesis, Boston College, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:109072.
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Thesis advisor: Philip E. StrahanThe essays on the gender gap in entrepreneurship examine the trade-offs between women's family formation choices and career aspirations in the setting of small businesses and entrepreneurship. The first essay titled ``Family Comes First: Reproductive Health and the Gender Gap in Entrepreneurship,'' uses Census data to show how better access to reproductive care increases women's propensity to become entrepreneurs, correlates positively with female entrepreneurial activity, and negatively with female entrepreneurial age. Examining firm size and personal income suggests it also improves the success of female-led businesses. Finally, it shows how policies securing better reproductive care enable more women to become entrepreneurs and, potentially, drive economic growth. The second essay titled ``Reproductive Rights and Women's Access to Capital,'' explores the impact of reproductive care restrictions on female entrepreneurs seeking to raise capital. It tests the hypothesis that better access to reproductive care enables women to plan their family formation better, avoid unexpected pregnancies, and gain access to cheaper capital as a result of this reduced risk. This hypothesis is analyzed using restricted data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY79) in a difference-in-differences setting around the enactment of state-level legislation limiting access to reproductive care. It finds restrictions on reproductive care to be detrimental to women seeking to raise capital and open their own firms. Women who have limited reproductive care access are less likely to borrow, end up taking smaller loan amounts, and have lower leverage ratios. The main contribution of the first essay is that it establishes a direction and causal relationship between reproductive care and entrepreneurship, and of the second essay is that it shows how the increased risk of unplanned pregnancy translates into reduced credit availability for female entrepreneurs at childbearing age
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2021
Submitted to: Boston College. Carroll School of Management
Discipline: Finance
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Franks, Tiffany Wright David W. "Gender and the wage gap: still not equal /." Diss., A link to full text of this thesis in SOAR, 2007. http://soar.wichita.edu/dspace/handle/10057/1132.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology."May 2007." Title from PDF title page (viewed on Dec. 20, 2007). Thesis adviser: David W. Wright. Includes bibliographic references (leaves 28-30).
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Napari, Sami. "Essays on the gender wage gap in Finland /." Helsinki : Helsinki School of Economics, 2008. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/566371707.pdf.
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Adams, Saira-Banu. "Gaming and computer science: Bridging the gender-gap." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6764.
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>Magister Scientiae - MScAccording to the literature, women are still unrepresented in the field of information technology. Although many women study computer science at first year level, the dropout rate for women—before they graduate—is high, and if they graduate many decide neither to continue with their studies nor to work in the field of information technology. Research has shown that women who have been exposed to computing at some point during their school career or early in their lives, tend to be more open to choosing a career in computer science and are in many cases successful at it. The aim of this research is to understand what factors influence women to choose a career within computer science and to consider whether gaming would encourage young women to enter the field. Design Science Research was the methodology employed. It was chosen since an artefact was developed. For each of the five steps of this methodology a different method was chosen to address the research question. Surveys were administered to first year computer science students and both IT high school teachers and computer science honours students were interviewed. Non-computer science students were involved in the participatory design process.
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Aleksandrova, Arnaudova Evelina. "The Gender Wage Gap in Spain : An analysis of the impact of the financial crisis on the gender wage gap distribution." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37871.
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Equality is part of the European policy and legislation. However there are still evident signs of women being treated unequally in the labour market. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question if women are more vulnerable to economic shocks in terms of wage distribution. The focus will be on women in Spain in the context of the financial crisis of 2008. The thesis examines the evolution of the salary structure in the period 2002-2014 using the microdata of the Structural Earning Survey. The taste-based and the statistical discrimination theory are going to be described in order to explain the causes of gender wage discrimination. The methods applied in this paper are the Mincer method, which explains the human capital theory and the Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions, which separates the gender wage gap into explained and unexplained parts. The results from the study suggest that there is a decrease in the gender wage gap in Spain following the situation before and after the crisis.Correction: Spring semester 2019
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Aleksandrova, Arnaudova Evelina. "The Gender Wage Gap in Spain : An analysis of the impact of the financial crisis on the gender wage gap distribution." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Nationalekonomi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-37890.
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Equality is part of the European policy and legislation. However there are still evident signs of women being treated unequally in the labour market. The aim of the thesis is to answer the question if women are more vulnerable to economic shocks in terms of wage distribution. The focus will be on women in Spain in the context of the financial crisis of 2008. The thesis examines the evolution of the salary structure in the period 2002-2014 using the microdata of the Structural Earning Survey. The taste-based and the statistical discrimination theory are going to be described in order to explain the causes of gender wage discrimination. The methods applied in this paper are the Mincer method, which explains the human capital theory and the Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions, which separates the gender wage gap into explained and unexplained parts. The results from the study suggest that there is a decrease in the gender wage gap in Spain following the situation before and after the crisis.
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Hansen, Marcus. "A study about gender pay gap for nurses in Denmark : Is there a the gender wage gap for nurses in Denmark?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi och statistik (NS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96212.
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This study investigates the gender earnings gap among nurses in Denmark years 2004-2016. The data at hand will be from Luxembourg Income studies which provided 7078 observations. Furthermore, ordinary least squares method with gender as dummy variable will be conducted. The findings are a raw male-female annual wage gap of 13 percent. After adding control variables, the gap decreased to 7.4 percent. The remaining wage gap can be due to unobservable characteristics. However, discrimination cannot be discounted.
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Olesen, Erin J. "The Gender Wage Gap across Male-Dominated, Female-Dominated, and Gender-Neutral Occupations." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/625.
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Labor economists have persistently observed a “gap” in the earnings of men and women. In this paper, I attempt to offer a partial explanation for the gender wage gap by analyzing the gender wage gap across male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral occupations. Using data from the Current Population Survey (2010-2012), I perform three Oaxaca-Blinder decompositions across the entire sample. I then perform decompositions across male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral occupations separately using the first specification. I find that occupations of different gender concentrations (male-dominated, female-dominated, and gender-neutral) have different gender gaps. In particular, male-dominated and gender neutral occupations have a much larger gender wage gap than female-dominated occupations, even after controlling for human capital and demographic variables. Combined with previous research and summary statistics, these results seem to suggest that certain workplace factors that might contribute to a higher gender wage gap, such as workplace inflexibility and gender discrimination, could be higher among male-dominated and gender-neutral occupations than they are among female-dominated occupations; however, further research into the precise characteristics of male-dominated, gender-neutral, and female-dominated occupations is necessary to confirm this analysis.
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Arsenault, Jacques. "Reassessing the college gender gap analyzing current trends in college attainment by gender /." CONNECT TO ELECTRONIC THESIS, 2007. http://dspace.wrlc.org/handle/1961/4167.
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Duggan, Gareth. "Salary negotiation perceptions by gender and their role on the gender pay gap." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/59823.
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The choice to abstain from salary negotiations can have a profound compounding effect on
the earnings of an employee over the timespan of their career. If gender is a distinguishing
characteristic separating those employees who choose to negotiate from those who choose
not to, then salary negotiation becomes a contributing factor to the gender wage gap. This
study investigated perceived gender differences across three constructs, namely (i)
negotiation empowerment (ii) pay secrecy, and (iii) the social cost of negotiation within the
financial services industry in South Africa.
The study made use of a seven-point Likert scale instrument to document perceptions of the
respondents. The survey was distributed electronically, making use of a snowball sampling
methodology. Contrary to the majority of existing cross-industry literature, the findings show
no gendered results across the three constructs. However, the research did find that females
do not negotiate salary as often as males, and that both males and females prefer negotiating
with male managers. A negotiation gender bias was also found amongst the respondents.
The study furthers existing research by demonstrating industry specific studies may not
conform to the findings of cross-industry studies. It also provides relevant findings for
organisations looking to eliminate gendered structures around pay determination.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
nk2017
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Tinch, Elizabeth. "The wage gap: Gender differences in the teaching profession." Thesis, Wichita State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10057/2509.
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This thesis examines the wage gap between male and female teachers by analyzing data drawn from the 2006-08 Current Population Survey (CPS). The CPS data set is composed of 72,000 households and the civilian noninstitutional population of the United States abiding in these households. The dependent variable, income, is an interval measure of annual income from wages and salaries. In this study the lower income for female teachers is best explained by three theoretical perspectives: individual, structural, and gender. A univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted and it was found that the wage gap between male and female teachers was partially explained by age, education, and organization size. It was also found that women will receive a lower income than their male counterparts based on their gender, and that women will be sorted into inferior economic positions relative to men.Thesis (M.A.) -- Wichita State University, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Sociology
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Tam, Pui-kam, and 譚珮琴. "Empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap in Macau." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954479.
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Tam, Pui-kam. "Empirical analysis of the gender earnings gap in Macau." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B15967438.
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Valmori, Simona <1978>. "The gender wage gap in developing and transition countries." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2008. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/794/.
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The aim of my dissertation is to study the gender wage gap with a specific focus on developing and
transition countries. In the first chapter I present the main existing theories proposed to analyse the
gender wage gap and I review the empirical literature on the gender wage gap in developing and
transition countries and its main findings. Then, I discuss the overall empirical issues related to the
estimation of the gender wage gap and the issues specific to developing and transition countries.
The second chapter is an empirical analysis of the gender wage gap in a developing countries, the
Union of Comoros, using data from the multidimensional household budget survey “Enquete
integrale auprès des ménages” (EIM) run in 2004. The interest of my work is to provide a
benchmark analysis for further studies on the situation of women in the Comorian labour market
and to contribute to the literature on gender wage gap in Africa by making available more
information on the dynamics and mechanism of the gender wage gap, given the limited interest on
the topic in this area of the world. The third chapter is an applied analysis of the gender wage gap in
a transition country, Poland, using data from the Labour Force Survey (LSF) collected for the years
1994 and 2004. I provide a detailed examination of how gender earning differentials have changed
over the period starting from 1994 to a more advanced transition phase in 2004, when market
elements have become much more important in the functioning of the Polish economy than in the
earlier phase. The main contribution of my dissertation is the application of the econometrical
methodology that I describe in the beginning of the second chapter. First, I run a preliminary OLS
and quantile regression analysis to estimate and describe the raw and conditional wage gaps along
the distribution. Second, I estimate quantile regressions separately for males and females, in order
to allow for different rewards to characteristics. Third, I proceed to decompose the raw wage gap
estimated at the mean through the Oaxaca-Blinder (1973) procedure. In the second chapter I run a
two-steps Heckman procedure by estimating a model of participation in the labour market which
shows a significant selection bias for females. Forth, I apply the Machado-Mata (2005) techniques
to extend the decomposition analysis at all points of the distribution. In Poland I can also implement
the Juhn, Murphy and Pierce (1991) decomposition over the period 1994-2004, to account for
effects to the pay gap due to changes in overall wage dispersion beyond Oaxaca’s standard
decomposition.
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Montes, Jose L. "Evolution of gender wage gap in Peru, 1997-2000." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1629.
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Sun, Zizhuo. "Accounting for the Gender Income Gap in Urban China." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/31059.
Full textAbstract:
Using data from the China Housing Survey, that was conducted in 1993, the present study attempts to learn whether and how specific factors--human capital (including education and health), guanxi (social connections), housework, and employment in different sectors of the economy influence the income gap between men and women in urban China when traditional, socialist, and market mechanisms are all present.
The data were collected from two large Chinese cities, Tianjin and Shanghai. The results of regression show that 1) Differences in education account for much of the gender differences in income. With the same amount of education, women still earn somewhat less than men. Health reduces the gender income gap between men and women in urban China. 2) Sector segregation accounts for much of the gender differences in income. The private sector pays much more than the public sector. Guanxi and housework do not help explain the difference in income between men and women.
The present study reveals that the income inequality between men and women comes mainly from market forces. The market factors of education, health, and sector are the primary areas in which women suffer disadvantages that result in their lower income.Master of Science
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Gao, Qianyun. "Parental Bargaining and Gender Gap in Primary Education Expenditure." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1696.
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This paper examines the gender gap in human capital investment in India from the perspective of intra-household bargaining. I test whether the existing gender disparity in bargaining power, in the form of educational attainment of parents, contributes to the differences in educational expenditure between sons and daughters. As the proxy for bargaining power, fathers’ and mothers’ educational attainments both have a positive impact on the human capital investment for the children, but the gender gap widens with fathers’ education and narrows with mothers’. The results are robust controlling for additional variables such as age, number of siblings, household income, caste and location. These findings suggest that mothers may have a preference for daughters’ education. When their bargaining power rises, families tend to spend more equal amounts on the education of daughters and sons. Policies aiming at improving gender equality in education should take into account the decision-making process.
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Zucherman, Hannah M. "Geography of the Gender Gap| Brexit, Income, and Scale." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10604951.
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Brexit was one of many recent votes that stunned pollsters and voters alike, in part because traditional methods of polling had failed. This failure creates a need for new approaches to predicting electoral behavior. This thesis will explore the electoral behavior of women using statistical and spatial analysis as methods. Using the gender gap in income as an indicator, I hypothesize that (1) there is an inverse association between the gender income gap and the vote to remain in the European Union and (2) this association varies at different geographic scales of analysis. As women become economically independent, they vote independently from their partners, and, in this case, vote in favor of staying within the European Union. This is due to women favoring the economic stability of remaining in the European Union. My findings show some support for the first hypothesis, and there is ample evidence that the association does change according to different geographic scales.
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Nzeukou, Marcel. "Detecting Gender Salary Inequity in the Presence of within Gender Inequities." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194208.
Full textAbstract:
In this dissertation, I explore the systematic failure of the current state of the art statistical techniques to detect gender salary inequity in a special case to propose a more appropriate quantitative method for analyzing gender salary discrimination. This research contributes in three key areas for the development of the quantitative analysis of salary inequity detection. I uncovered salary inequities within gender groups that can mask the salary discrimination between these groups. I then proposed the Two-stage Classification Regression as an appropriate novel statistical method. Finally, the additional propositions made can enhance future salary inequity research.Regardless of the outcome of any gender salary inequity study, we can often find a subgroup of females that is discriminated against when compared to the rest of females. Likewise, a subgroup of males may also be victim of salary inequity when compared to other males. In this context, the first main discovery is that the existence of salary inequities within gender groups can prevent regular statistical techniques from detecting salary inequity between males and females. Detecting this form of salary inequity will increase the sensitivity of the statistical test and hedge its potentially higher risk to the institution.Facing such a statistical problem, the second main contribution was devising a novel statistical approach that can not only succeed where other techniques systematically fail, but also provide a new framework for a more informative statistical analysis. In addition, a more comprehensive definition of salary inequity that goes beyond the simple measure of gender salary gap was derived.The third significant contribution is a set of propositions aiming at framing the agenda for future research on salary inequity studies. A statistical test was proposed to determine when the outcomes of these the linear regression and reverse regression techniques can be expected to be the same. Also, the probability model which is not estimable, but the most robust model was shown to be equivalent to the logistic regression model which is easily estimable, but somewhat difficult to interpret. The goal is to create theoretical supports for better statistical and econometric analyses.
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Strong, Cynthia D. "Addressing the gender gap : teaching preadolescent girls computer networking concepts /." Online version of thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1850/12239.
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Reiman, Cornelis Adriaan, and n/a. "Has enterprise bargaining affected the gender wage gap in Australia?" University of Canberra. Management & Technology, 2000. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20061107.102527.
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With the introduction of enterprise bargaining in 1991, decentralised wage
determination in Australia was generally expected to widen the gender wage gap (see
Chapter 3). However, as discussed in Chapter 4, the research that underlies this
expectation is typically based upon aggregated data and suffers from a number of
deficiencies. In contrast, this dissertation utilises unit record data from the extensive
1995 Australian Workplace Industrial Relations Survey (AWIRS95) commissioned by
the former Department of Workplace Relations and Small Business to test the
hypothesis that enterprise bargaining has affected the gender wage gap in Australia.
Whilst the passing of four years between 1991 and the time of data collection may not
have allowed for the landmark industrial relations change to have worked itself through
the labour market, a noteworthy and major feature of AWIRS95 is that it identifies
workers and workplaces operating under enterprise bargaining agreements, as well as
containing a female/male split of the enterprise bargaining status (see Chapter 5).
Along with hourly earnings data derived from AWIRS95, a clear assessment can be
made of gender wage gaps for employees under enterprise bargaining and those not
employed under enterprise bargaining. The thesis uses OLS earnings regressions to
identify the part of any gender wag gap that can be justified by the difference in
measured characteristics between males and females, as well as identifying the part that
remains unexplained (see Chapter 7). Given the potential that workplace characteristics
can affect the integrity of OLS results, a random effects model is also used (see Chapter
8). Interestingly, the OLS and random effects results are virtually identical (see
Chapter 9).
It needs to be noted that the component of the gender wage gap that is unable to be
justified by direct statistical reference to the regression model has been attributed to
discrimination in the labour market. However, this is something of a misnomer as the
unjustified component also captures the impact of:
� model misspecification, including excluded variables;
� mismeasurement; and
� errors of calculation.
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Every effort has been made to reduce these effects. Nevertheless, there may be an
element of discrimination in the regression model utilised in this thesis that is not
discernible through the observable and measurable variables (see Chapter 3).
Results of analysis undertaken in this thesis indicate that the gender gap, as well as the
unexplained component thereof, are larger for employee data associated with enterprise
bargaining than is the case for workers not so employed. Even so, the result is not
deemed to be statistically significant, as is further supported by extensive sensitivity
testing (see Chapters 7 and 8).
Further research is needed to support the posed hypothesis. Nevertheless, the thesis still
provides a wide range of interesting outcomes in providing a greater understanding of
an observable gender wage gap in Australia, as well as the associated and contributing
characteristics of employees and employers. It is in this capacity that the research work
recorded in this thesis provides a new level of knowledge and understanding,
particularly given the thorough use made of recent microdata and the observed earnings
effects of selected variables. As a consequence, the results of this thesis will form a
solid foundation upon which further gender wage gap debate, policy formulation and
labour economics research can stand.
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McGrath, Shelly A. "Explaining the gender gap in voting using feminist consciousness theory." Virtual Press, 2003. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1266034.
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Previous research shows that women are more likely to vote Democrat than men. Using the 2000 Middletown Area Survey this paper tests the Feminist Consciousness Theory as a possible explanation for the gender gap in voting. Results indicate that women in the study voted more Democrat than men. Those who scored higher on the NonTraditional Gender Role Ideology scale, the Support for Gender Equality Scale and who said that they were a feminist were more likely to vote Democrat. Women were more likely to support gender equality and identify as being a feminist than were men. This means that because women are more likely to have a feminist conscious they are more likely to vote Democrat.Department of Sociology
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Yoon, Soohyun. "Sex segregation and gender wage gap in Korea, 1971-1998 /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3091985.
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Magnusson, Charlotta. "Mind the gap essays on explanations of gender wage inequality /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : The Swedish Institute for Social Research (SOFI), Stockholm University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-34058.
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Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Stockholms universitet, 2010.At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 2: Manuscript. 3: Accepted. Härtill 3 uppsatser.
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Moncada, Roberto. "The Gender Wage Gap in Italy : A Quantile Regression Analysis." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388397.
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I investigate the gender wage gap in Italy during the period 1987-2016. The analysis takes advantage of quantile regression framework to estimate gender pay differentials along the wage distribution. The observed gaps show U-shaped patterns during the entire period. The inclusion of control variables in the model leads to a flattening of the gender differentials, maintaining evidence of sticky floor effects. I examine the gap in five geographical areas, revealing heterogeneous results across the country and finding glass ceiling effects in the North, sticky floor effect in the South and a U-shaped pattern in the Islands. I use a quantile regression decomposition approach to investigate whether the male-female wage differentials are ascribable to differences in labour market attributes by gender or to differences in the rewards they receive for those characteristics. The evidence suggests that the sticky floor effects, found at national level, are mainly due to discrepancies in the returns received by male and female workers for their attributes.
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Slavin, Darby Anne. "Evaluating Ambition as a Variable in the Gender Pay Gap." Ohio Dominican University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oduhonors1462195964.
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Abrams, Widdicombe Aimee Samantha. "State-Provided Paid Family Leave and the Gender Wage Gap." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/792.
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The U.S. is the only OECD country that does not offer any form of federal paid parental leave. Only three states—California, New Jersey and Rhode Island—have state paid parental leave policies; implemented in 2004, 2009 and 2014, respectively. Through descriptive statistics and a regression analysis of women and men’s wages in those three states, before and after the implementation of the policies, we assess the effects of paid leave programs on the gender wage gaps in those states. Our results show us that California’s paid family leave policy had greater effects on decreasing the gender wage gap than the policies in New Jersey and Rhode Island. In addition, our regression analysis shows us that women of childbearing age (19-45 years) saw an increase in their wages after the policy implementations, while men of childbearing age saw a decrease in their wages. This led us to the conclusion that paid family leave policies may be effective in decreasing the gender wage gap; however it is problematic that men’s wages decreased, implying that the policies may not be totally welfare optimizing. However, we came to an important conclusion that will hopefully entice more states and the federal government to implement policies to better support working parents.
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Malmqvist, Amanda. "Glimpsing into the Gender Gap: : Perceptions of gender inequality among women in the tech startup industry." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264048.
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There is a massive gender gap in the tech startup industry. 1% of the CTOs at venture-backed companies in Europe are women and only 1% of the venture capital in Sweden is given to all-female founding teams. The author believes that gender equality should improve because of the fundamental right to have equal opportunities, but also because it could benefit the industry. Research indicates that gender equality, for example, can lead to increased profitability. This thesis is a qualitative study aiming to understand the effects of the industry gender gap by investigating how women in the industry perceive gender inequality. The study will answer to what extent gender equality is seen as a problem, what barriers female tech entrepreneurs face and present some explanations for the gender gap. The foundation for the results and discussion sections is a literature review on entrepreneurship and gender and semi-structured qualitative interviews. The interviews were carried out with women who had worked in the tech startup industry in Stockholm. A total of 12 respondents with various professions and degrees of technical skills were interviewed. They worked or had worked as founders, investors or at incubators. Throughout the analysis, two distinct views on the extent of the problem were identified. Some women perceived the gender gap as mainly unproblematic and their gender as beneficial yet insignificant. These respondents have been labeled the Positive Gender Neutral (PGN) group. They stated that their gender was more advantageous than impeding. Being a minority makes one stand out, which can be beneficial. The other group of respondents raised that this visibility can be both advantageous and tiring. This group has been labeled the Structure Acknowledging (SA) group. They expressed that there are layers of gender inequality in addition to the gender discrepancy. They stated that there are significant barriers to female entrepreneurs and wished to decrease gender inequality. Both groups expressed that there are certain barriers to women, although the PGN group tended to view the barriers as relating to individual women and the SA group to structures in the industry and society. Some expressed that women have internal barriers such as a lack of confidence and unwillingness to take risk. Some structural barriers expressed were the male entrepreneurial norm and male domination of the industry, including a ”bro culture” and homosociality. The two distinct views on gender inequality can be seen as coping strategies for succeeding in a male-dominated environment. That could be an indication that there is a strong male norm in the industry. Many raised rhetoric such as master suppression techniques or excluding entrepreneurial language as barriers. The respondents furthermore also often explained the gender gap with women being attracted to other industries or lacked tech entrepreneur role models. Finally, comparing the results to previous research, all respondents have a high gender awareness level, in particular, the respondents in the SA group. Gender awareness can lead to change. Thus, hopefully, there is a positive trend of gender awareness in the industry, which this thesis hopes to contribute to.Det finns ett stort könsgap i tech startup-industrin. 1% av CTOs på företag backade av riskkapital i Europa är kvinnor och endast 1% av riskkapitalet i Sverige ges till helt kvinnliga grundarteam. Författaren anser att jämställdheten bör förbättras dels på grund av den grundläggande rättigheten att ha lika möjligheter, dels för att det kan gynna industrin. Forskning tyder på att jämställdhet till exempel kan leda till ökad lönsamhet. Denna avhandling är en kvalitativ studie som syftar till att förstå effekterna av industrins könsdiskrepans genom att undersöka hur kvinnor i branschen upplever ojämställdhet. Studien ämnar besvara till vilken utsträckning jämställdhet ses som ett problem, vilka hinder som kvinnliga teknikföretagare står inför och presenterar några förklaringar för könsskillnaden. Grunden för resultaten och diskussionen är en litteraturstudie om entreprenörskap och kön samt halvstrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjuerna genomfördes med kvinnor som arbetat i tech startup-industrin i Stockholm. Sammanlagt tolv respondenter med olika yrken och grader av tekniska färdigheter intervjuades. De arbetade eller hade arbetat som grundare, investerare eller på inkubatorer. I analysen identifierades två olika synsätt på problemets omfattning. Vissa kvinnor upplevde könsskillnaden som huvudsakligen oproblematisk och deras kön som fördelaktigt men likväl obetydligt. Dessa respondenter har benämnts den positiva könsneutrala gruppen (PGN). Att vara en minoritet gör att man sticker ut, vilket kan vara fördelaktigt. Den andra gruppen av svarande hävdade att denna synlighet kan vara både fördelaktig och tröttsam. Denna grupp har benämnts den strukturerkännande gruppen (SA). De uttryckte att det finns ojämställdhet utöver könsgapet. De uppgav att det finns betydande hinder för kvinnliga entreprenörer och att de ville minska könens ojämlikhet. Båda grupperna gav uttryck för att det finns vissa hinder för kvinnor, även om PGN-gruppen tenderade att se hindren i relation till andra kvinnor medan SA-gruppen nämnde samhälleliga strukturer. Några uttryckte att kvinnor har interna hinder som brist på självförtroende och ovillighet att ta risk. Några strukturella hinder som uttrycktes var den manliga entreprenörsnormen och den manliga dominansen i branschen, inklusive en "grabbig” kultur och homosocialitet. De två distinkta föreställningarna om jämställdhet mellan könen kan ses som strategier för att lyckas i en manligt dominerad miljö, vilket kan kopplas till att det finns en stark manlig norm i branschen. Andra hinder som lyftes var härskartekniker, manligt entreprenörsspråk och brist på förebilder. Slutligen visar en jämförelse av resultaten med tidigare forskning att respondenterna har en hög könsmedvetenhetsnivå, i synnerhet SA-gruppen. Könsmedvetenhet kan leda till förändring. Således finns det förhoppningsvis en positiv utveckling av könsmedvetenhet inom branschen, som denna avhandling hoppas bidra till.
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Ochwa-Echel, James R. "Gender gap in computer science education : experiences of women in Uganda /." View abstract, 2005. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/3191711.
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Joss, Ann Elizabeth. "The gender pay gap : are equal pay audits an effective solution?" Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8437/.
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Equal Pay Audits are the latest tool in the campaign for gender equality at work. I use two pay audits, in a bank and an insurance company, to demonstrate how they can be used and abused, and in the process I explore the reasons for the massive gender pay gap of forty three per cent in the finance sector of the United Kingdom. The conduct of a pay audit allows an employer to claim conformity with government approved procedures, but I ask how reliable those procedures are, and how the process can be improved. The introduction of 'nev/ payment systems such as performance related pay has allowed employers to claim that pay and promotion are fair because they are determined by 'objective' criteria. The validity of such claims is tested, and other elements of the pay process that contribute to unequal pay sought out. The potential for 'new' payment systems to be transparent is found to be offset by provision for management discretion, but the major contributor to the gap is found to be the development of a two tier workforce following recent restructuring of the industry. This effectively reproduces the gendered divisions that existed prior to the implementation of Equal Opportunities legislation. The women who occupy most of the lower tier are mainly employed in call centres and customer service departments, where they have better pay and conditions than they could expect for alternative jobs in the same locality, sufficient flexibility to accommodate domestic commitments, but a flat career structure with little opportunity for promotion. The few men who join this tier do so as a stepping stone to the traditional departments where promotion provides access to some of the highest salaries in the UK.
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Cowper-Coles, Minna. "The gender gap in political support in the Occupied Palestinian Territories." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2018. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/355/.
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This thesis finds that women and men in the Occupied Palestinian Territories differ in their political support with women being more likely than men to support Hamas and men being more likely than women to support Fatah. Using interviews and polling data this thesis explains why this difference in political support exists. It looks at gender roles and differences in socioeconomic status finding strong connections between welfare provision, employment and support for different Palestinian political organisations. Further this thesis also explores the role of ideological factors in explaining this gender difference, through exploring religiosity, nationalism and feminism in the Palestinian Territories and how these might interact with political support. It finds that women’s greater religiosity helps to explain the gender gap in political support. This thesis also considers the ways in which the violent and oppressive context of the Palestinian case might impact research in this area and the possible gendered ways in which violence and oppression may impact political support. Studying and explaining this gender gap shows the importance of gender in understanding a crucial area of international politics while also presenting a gender gap case study and as such contributing to a substantial western focused literature.