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1
Voropai, Nikolai I., and Valery A. Stennikov. "System methodology of energy research: for the 100th anniversary of the State Electrification Plan of Russia." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 4 (2020): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-238-243.
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The conditions of State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) preparation as common unified state economic plan are under consideration. Plan was prepared during the pressed period less one year since February to December of the 1920 by State Commission GOELRO including twenty very qualified engineers and scientists and involving time by time additionally about two hundred specialists. A relation of GOELRO plan and development of energy policy of former USSR and current Russia is discussed. GOELRO plan was the comprehensive technical, financial and social oriented plan for qualitative restoration of Russia. But later state energy policy lost social oriented sense and now it is formal set of documents inside energy industry. Taking into account digitalization and intellectualization of economics and social sphere the social oriented role of energy sector as infrastructural industry is growing. Basic points of comprehensive energy method are presented. It was the main methodological instrument for preparation of GOELRO plan. Prerequisites and key aspects of energy system research methodology are explained. Modern challenges in current power sector are formulated.
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Gvozdetsky, Vladimir. "The Fate of the GOELRO Plan (Towards the Centenary of Soviet Russia’s Economic Development Program)." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 42, no. 4 (2021): 656. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060017426-0.
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This article attempts to overcome one-sidedness in the assessment of the GOELRO Plan in the context of its centenary as well as to introduce some new data concerning this monumental economic program of the 20th century. The article touches upon the following themes: regarding an outstanding scientist and educator V. I. Grinevetskii as one of the leading ideologists of electrification; proving the prerevolutionary origins of the plan; assessment of the plan as a general economic program for the country’s development; insufficiency of time allocated for the work of the GOELRO Commission, and, accordingly, the plan’s shortcomings; analysis of statuses of the electrification programs and the first five-year plan; and comparison of different researchers’ opinions concerning the degree of completion of the GOELRO Plan. Comparative analysis of the plan and its international counterparts allowed to conclude about supranational scale and timeless topicality the GOELRO Plan that formed the basis for future national panning of industrial development.
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Yermishina, Nadezhda D., and Marina I. Smirnova. "The GOELRO Plan Creators: Robert Eduardovich Klasson." Vestnik MEI, no. 6 (2021): 152–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/1993-6982-2021-6-152-162.
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The 100th anniversary of the GOELRO Plan has spurred a growing interest in the topic and has become an information occasion for many publications of both scientific and popularization nature.The GOELRO Plan’s study historiography has a vast space, which began to emerge in parallel with the implementation of the plan itself. The first publications date back to the 1920s and 1930s. Their authors were direct participants who considered the electrification matters in historical and practical aspects. At that time, a lot of publications of markedly propagandistic nature were issued.In the late 1940s and 1950s, the GOELRO Plan attracted the attention of professional researchers. In the period from the second half of the 1950s to 1980s, generalizing papers of historians were prepared, in which the GOELRO Plan began to be considered not only based on an analysis of technical and economic characteristics, but also from the standpoint of political and social significance, with placing focus on the "party leadership" and Lenin's role in its development.In the modern Russian historiography, an interest in the GOELRO Plan history has been retained, especially in regard of aspects that were inaccessible to Soviet researchers.In the historiography of the last decade, a great deal of attention is paid to the human factor in the development and implementation of the GOELRO Plan in terms of "historical and anthropological turn in humanitarian thought". One of the debating matters is the GOELRO Plan "authorship", in which several conceptual approaches have emerged, and no unambiguous opinion has been formed. In our opinion, the research line related to the participation of the Russian engineering community members in the development and further implementation of the GOELRO Plan that is based on a personal-biographical approach should be considered among the promising ones.The purpose of the article is to analyze the role of Robert Eduardovich Klasson (1868-1926) in the development and implementation of plans for electrification of pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary Russia, including the GOELRO Plan.Klasson was one of the first electrical engineers in Russia. He initiated and implemented the construction of the Russia's first district power plant "Elektroperedacha". This plant operated on peat, which was a local cheap fuel, and an overhead power line was for the first time laid from this plan, which was capable of transmitting electricity over a distance of more than 70 kilometers. Klasson's engineering activity can be viewed as a historical projection of the personal and professional factors in the fateful events of the Russian history. Klasson’s life is an example of civic responsibility to his people and the importance of the role of an engineer in the scientific and technical development of Russia.
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Semenova, E. Yu. "ПЛАН ГОЭЛРО КАК ФАКТОР ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРОСТРАНСТВА ПОВОЛЖСКОГО ГОРОДА". Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 2, № 4 (2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2020-2-4-93-101.
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The article examines the possibility of changing the urban space in connection with the prospects for implementing the GOELRO plan. The components of the GOELRO plan for Volga cities that involve changes in the sphere of communications and development are identifi ed. The infl uence of the plan on the prospects for the development of urban space in the Volga cities is compared.
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Bushuev, V. "GOELRO plan: age limit 100+." Энергетическая политика, no. 12 (2020): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.46920/2409-5516_2020_12154_30.
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BUTYRIN, Pavel A. "GOELRO plan is 100 years old." Elektrichestvo 12, no. 12 (2020): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-4-9.
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The historical context in which the State Plan for Electrification of Russia (GOELRO) was developed, establishment of the GOELRO Commission, the GOELRO Plan content, the specific features of its implementation, and the role of the plan in the soviet period of Russia’s history are considered. Attention is paid to the electrification plants of other countries and territories of all inhabited continents, and to the participation of states in the electrification of countries and regions with small-scale and agricultural production in the 1920 s. The specific features pertinent to the electrification of the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic are pointed out, namely, low starting conditions (in 1923, the energy consumption per capita in Russia was 100 times lower than that in Norway), its being state-owned in nature and revolutionary in its purpose: to get done with the main upheavals in the country and to shift the national economy for fore efficient production. The role of V.I. Lenin and G.M. Krzhizhanovsky, who were the initiators of the electrification of Russia, is analyzed in detail. A conclusion is drawn about the need to study both the GOELRO Plan itself and the specific features and circumstances of its implementation within the framework of training modern specialists in electrical engineering.
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Юрченко, В.С. "Осуществление плана ГОЭЛРО в Севастополе в 1921 - 1925 годах". Причерноморье. История, Политика, Культура XXIII, № X (2018): 65–68. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1164065.
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<em>В статье на материалах Севастополя рассматривается реализация плана электрификации (ГОЭЛРО), который стал первым перспективным планом развития народного хозяйства СССР. Электрификация Севастополя была признана проектом государственной важности и стала частью плана «А ГОЭЛРО», который сводился к восстановлению разрушенного энергетического хозяйства страны. Данное исследование посвящено анализу этапов электрификации города, сложностям, с которыми пришлось столкнуться, и основным итогам этой работы. </em> <em>The article considers implementation of the Electrification of Russia (GOELRO) plan in Sevastopol. GOELRO was the first long-term plan of the USSR economic development. Electrification of Sevastopol was recognized as a project of national importance and became a part of the “A GOELRO” plan which was aimed at restoration of destroyed power economy of the country. The research analyses the stages of city electrification, difficulties in its implementation and the main results. </em>
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Vorotnitsky, Valery E. "State Electrification Plan of Russia - an example of a systematic approach to the long-term development of the national electric power industry." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 4 (2020): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-290-301.
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A brief history of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) development, established in 1920, and its execution during 15 years is considered. It is shown that the basic statements of the GOELRO plan were developed and discussed in pre-revolutionary Russia, and actually it was a state plan for the development of the country's economy for a long-term period. The analysis of the main trends of development in the world and national electric power industries based on the use of new technologies and techniques for the production, transmission and distribution of electricity is also presented. A list of key systemic problems in the modern Russian electric power industry aroused as a result of its reform in the post-Soviet period is discussed. The conclusion about the need of more active state government participation in the industry management, in the creation of a new regulatory framework to improve the efficiency of the management was done based on the analysis of the mentioned problems. It is suggesting the developing of a new GOELRO plan, which has to take into account modern trends in the development of world energy, the achievements of the Fourth Industrial Revolution; the positive experience of many years in the functioning of the Unified Power System of Russia and the prospects for the economic development of its regions.
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Anuprienko, V. Yu. "FROM GOELRO PLAN TO STRATEGIC COUNTRY DEVELOPMENT PLANNING." Bulletin of Russian academy of natural sciences 21, no. 2 (2021): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.52531/1682-1696-2021-21-2-21-26.
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LOSKUTOV, Aleksey B., Aleksandr L. KULIKOV, and Pavel V. ILYUSHIN. "From the GOELRO Plan to Digitalization of Russia’s Electric Power Complex." Elektrichestvo 12, no. 12 (2020): 14–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-14-30.
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Owing to adoption of the GOELRO plan in 1920 and its stage-by-state implementation, it became possible to meet the country’s needs for intense development of its economy through providing the required amounts of electricity to all sectors of the national economy. Nowadays, the smart grid technologies open the possibility to carry out «digital updating» of the grids to obtain their better observability and controllability, smaller losses in them, and to ensure reliable operation of distributed and renewable power generating facilities, which have become new participants in the electricity market. The use of smart grid technologies opens the possibility to optimally integrate heterogeneous electric power sources, backbone and distribution networks, and also active consumers into a unified electric power complex for achieving the economic and environmental objectives. The article considers modern innovative and prospective technologies of smart grids and outlines historical parallels with the GOELRO plan, which determined the course for electrification of Russia.
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VOROPAY, Nikolay I. "From the GOELRO Plan to the Global Electric Power Internet." Elektrichestvo 12, no. 12 (2020): 9–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-9-13.
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The GOELRO Plan adopted 100 years ago is briefly characterized, and the importance and necessity of its adoption under the conditions of post-revolution devastation and foreign intervention are substantiated. It is pointed out that the scales of the modern electric power industry are incommensurable with those the plan developers imagined in their dreams. The article tells about the establishment of large state, interstate, and intercontinental electric power systems and pools that make it possible to usefully utilize the system effects, which are profitable to all participants of the pools. It is pointed out that radical changes have occurred in the technology of energy generation, transmission, distribution, storage, and consumption, and also that transformations have occurred in the structure and properties of the systems. Digitalization of the systems implies improvement in the efficiency of production processes and development of new software products to perform control of substations, regional networks, etc. The future electric power systems will acquire the response of well-developed intelligent cyber-physical systems operating on the principles of electric power internet.
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VOROPAY, Nikolay I. "From the GOELRO Plan to the Global Electric Power Internet." Elektrichestvo, no. 12 (2020): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24160/0013-5380-2020-12-10-13.
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The GOELRO Plan adopted 100 years ago is briefly characterized, and the importance and necessity of its adoption under the conditions of post-revolution devastation and foreign intervention are substantiated. It is pointed out that the scales of the modern electric power industry are incommensurable with those the plan developers imagined in their dreams. The article tells about the establishment of large state, interstate, and intercontinental electric power systems and pools that make it possible to usefully utilize the system effects, which are profitable to all participants of the pools. It is pointed out that radical changes have occurred in the technology of energy generation, transmission, distribution, storage, and consumption, and also that transformations have occurred in the structure and properties of the systems. Digitalization of the systems implies improvement in the efficiency of production processes and development of new software products to perform control of substations, regional networks, etc. The future electric power systems will acquire the response of well-developed intelligent cyber-physical systems operating on the principles of electric power internet.
13
Chigov-, Sergey, Elena Chigova, Galina Akimova-, and Ali Dayub-. "THE TECHNOLOGY OF THE GOELRO PLAN AS A PROJECTS PORTFOLIO." Вестник Белгородского государственного технологического университета им. В.Г. Шухова 1, no. 10 (2016): 250–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22081.
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Andreev, Vyacheslav M., Valentin A. Barinov, Sergei D. Varfolomeev, et al. "Creation of integrated energy supply systems." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 4 (2020): 224–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-224-237.
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A brief description of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan), developed on the initiative of V.I. Lenin by the GOELRO commission headed by G.M. Krzhizhanovsky and adopted on December 22, 1920 by the 8th All-Russian Congress of Soviets, as well as key directions of a long-term plan for research on the problem of the creation of the Unified Power System of the Country (UPS), developed by the commission under the leadership of G.M. Krzhizhanovsky in 1957, which laid the foundation for the formation of the UPS - the largest in the world at the end of the 80s centrally managed interconnected power system, is presented. The indicators of development and efficiency of the country's electric power industry are given. The essential part of the reforms in the electric power industry of Russia carried out at the beginning of the 21st century, their shortcomings that led to a decrease in the efficiency of the industry and the emergence of various kinds of bottlenecks and imbalances are analyzed. The processes of transformation of energy systems in the world are considered, as a result of which a new architecture of energy systems is created. The primary tasks facing the Russian power industry in these conditions are formulated.
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Makarov, A. A., and T. A. Mitrova. "Centenary of the GOELRO Plan: Opportunities and Challenges of Planned Economy." Thermal Engineering 67, no. 11 (2020): 779–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0040601520110087.
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Novak, A. "From the GOELRO plan to the electric power industry of the future." Энергетическая политика, no. 12 (2020): 4–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46920/2409-5516_2020_12154_4.
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Ionesov, Vladimir, and Sergey Folomeev. "CARL BALLOD (KARLIS BALODIS): REFLECTIONS ON THE SOCIETY OF THE FUTURE." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University 474, no. 4 (2023): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/1994-2796-2023-474-4-71-77.
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The article shows the diffi cult path of fi nding approaches to the society of the future by Karl Ballod (Karlis Balodis), a well-known Russian, Latvian and German economist, demographer and statistician, professor at the Berlin and Latvian universities, later presented by him in his work “A look into the state of the future. Production and Consumption in a Welfare State”, put by the leaders of the young Soviet state as the basis of the GOELRO plan.
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Kirpichnikova, Irina M. "Analysis of the formation of large and small power generation in the Southern Urals." RUDN Journal of Engineering Researches 21, no. 4 (2020): 302–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8143-2020-21-4-302-308.
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The description of the state of power engineering in Russia in the pre-revolutionary period, data on the production of electricity per capita are presented. A brief history of the creation of a commission for the development of the State Electrification Plan of Russia (GOELRO plan) and some results of its implementation are provided. The construction of the first large power plant in the South Urals, built according to the GOELRO plan, - Chelyabinsk State District Power Plant, which at that time was of great importance for the development of the region's industry and remains one of the most powerful power plants at the present time, is described. The possibilities of using renewable energy sources, in particular local hydropower resources for energy production, are disclosed. The problems of the Porozhskaya Hydropower Plant - the oldest and unique hydroelectric power plant in the Urals are designated, the characteristics of small hydropower plants in the Southern Urals are given, the prospects for using the hydropower potential of the Chelyabinsk region are revealed. The potential of solar and wind energy is discussed, the characteristics and features of solar power plants in the Urals and wind power plants with a vertical axis of rotation, developed at the South Ural State University, are specified. It is established that biomass as a resource for energy production has good prospects for use, but due to climatic conditions, this direction has not yet been developed. It is shown that small and distributed energy is still an important component in the general energy of the region and the country.
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Simonov, Maxim A. "The Place of the Ural Region in the Planning of the USSR's Economic Development in 1920-1927." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 468 (2021): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/15617793/468/19.
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The relevance of the topic lies in the study of factors that contribute to overcoming the backwardness and rapid development of individual economic regions. One important example of such a model of regional development is the Urals, which in a short time turned from a losing region into one of the pillars of the Soviet economic model. In this regard, the research object is the economic complex of the Ural region with the focus on the planning of the economic development of the Urals and the external economic and political factors that affected it. The chronological framework of the study is determined by the period from the presentation of the GOELRO (State Commission for Electrification of Russia) plan at the VIII Congress of Soviets in 1920 to the approval of the directive on the development of the first five-year plan at the XIV Congress of the CPSU(b) in 1927. It was at this time that the basic principles and proportions of territorial development of the USSR and the Urals were elaborated; they were only strengthened and developed during the first five-year plans. The source base for the study is the long-term development plans of Soviet Russia and the Soviet Union, the GOELRO plan, the general plan of the reconstruction of the national economy of the USSR for 15 years, and the general plan of the economy of the Urals for the period from 1927 till 1941. Detailed information about the first two plans was published in the open Soviet press, and the last, the general plan of the economy of the Urals, was fully published. For a more detailed disclosure of the topic, materials from the meeting of the Presidium of the State Planning Committee of the USSR were also involved. The presentation of the results is arranged in chronological order, which allows tracing the evolution of planning authorities' ideas about the ways of development of the Ural economy. The main results of the study are: the idea of a rapid economic development of the country proposed in the GOELRO plan meant for the Urals the creation of new industrial capacities and the gradual approximation of its economic potential to the potential of the Donetsk region. At the same time, the remoteness of the Urals from export-oriented transport routes pushed the central leadership to integrate the Urals with Western Siberia and create a second major industrial base in the East of the country. This vector of development was enshrined in the general plan for the reconstruction of the national economy and the economy of the Urals, and this idea gained a complete form of an inter-territorial project of the Ural-Kuznetsk combine. The development of this vector took place in the conditions of the NEP: however, after the beginning of the transition to a single-person dictatorship and command-based administrative system, the country's top leadership did not abandon this course: on the contrary, it began to implement it in a more hypertrophied form than the developers of the 1920s had anticipated.
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Kuznetsov, A. V. "Transport connection of the country as a key to Russia’s modernization." Scientific Works of the Free Economic Society of Russia 250, no. 6 (2024): 89–104. https://doi.org/10.38197/2072-2060-2024-250-6-89-104.
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The article notes that for the successful modernization of modern Russia, a program is needed to solve a large-scale problem with a multiplier effect, similar to the electrification of the GOELRO plan, namely, a sharp increase in the country's transport connectivity. The program should include the creation of high-speed communications between major cities of the country outside the gravitational zone of Moscow, the parallel development of communications facilities, including the Internet along railways and highways, and the rise of relevant branches of domestic engineering. This will also create new competitive advantages for Russia in foreign economic relations.
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GURTUEV, R. S. "BAKSAN HYDROELECTRIC POWER STATION DRAFT STRUCTURE IN THE GOELRO PLAN CONTEXT IN 1925-1927." Kavkazologiya, no. 1 (2020): 120–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.31143/2542-212x-2020-1-120-135.
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Panteleimonova, Lyudmila V. "GOELRO plan – a strategic plan of economic zoning in the 1920s (based on the materials of the Chuvash Autonomy)." Vestnik of the Mari State University. Chapter “History. Law” 9, no. 4 (2023): 333–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.30914/2411-3522-2023-9-4-333-344.
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Виктор Николаевич, Потехин. "GOELRO-2 PLAN – THE MAIN LINK IN THE SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE SECOND INDUSTRIALIZATION OF RUSSIA." STATE AND MUNICIPAL MANAGEMENT SCHOLAR NOTES 1, no. 3 (2020): 137–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22394/2079-1690-2020-1-3-137-149.
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Butuzov, Vitaly. "Formation of the Russian energy scientific and technical school at the beginning of the 20th century." Journal of Environmental Earth and Еnergy Study (JEEES) 4, no. 2020 (2021): 24–35. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4428327.
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The foundations of the Russian energy industry were laid when the plan for the electrification of the country was developed in 1920. A team of 256 people, incl. world-class energy scientists and engineers, using the many years of experience of the Russian energy scientific and technical school, in a few months, he developed a plan for the recovery and development of Russia. The formation in the XIX century of the domestic energy science, the contribution to its development by M.V. Lomonosov, I.A. Vyshnegradsky, F.F. Petrushevsky. The important role of the establishment in 1880 of the Electrical Department of the Imperial Russian Technical Society, the publication of the magazine "Electricity" by it, the holding of national congresses and exhibitions was noted. Describes the higher educational institutions in which power engineers were trained at the beginning of the XX century, their participation in the activities of foreign organizations. The achievements of their graduates, the results of the activities of the Commission for the Study of the Productive Forces (CSPF) of the St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences, on the basis of which the GOELRO plan was developed and subsequently created by the leading scientific research institutes of the USSR, are indicated. The socialization of the leaders of the energy elite at the beginning of the 20th century is noted.
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Grigoriev, N. D. "Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov. Pages of Life and Achievements." World of Transport and Transportation 20, no. 6 (2023): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2022-20-6-11.
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Academician Ivan Gavrilovich Alexandrov is an outstanding hydropower engineer, the founder of the integrated design of large hydroelectric plants and irrigation systems, the developer of the GOELRO plan, the author of original innovative ideas, which then seriously influenced further development of hydropower engineering and are still of practical importance, the creator of DneproGES. The Angarsk HPP cascade was also designed according to the developments and proposals of Ivan G. Alexandrov. A brilliant researcher, designer, economist, teacher, manager, and administrator graduated from Moscow Engineering School (now Russian University of Transport).Ivan Alexandrov was recognised worldwide as an outstanding scientist and engineer. His activities mainly fell on the most difficult years of formation of the national economy of the USSR, on the years of the first five-year plans…For many years he taught at the higher educational institutions of Leningrad and Moscow and enjoyed great love and respect among students.
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Bulavka-Buzgalina, Liudmila A. "Culture as a Conceptual Vector of Economic Modernization." Economics of Contemporary Russia, no. 4 (December 29, 2021): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33293/1609-1442-2021-4(95)-133-137.
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The article shows that at present the processes of total marketization have spread to the sphere of artistic culture, in which more and more the value of a creator and the results of his activity is evaluated in terms of market and capital. It becomes one of the factors of the economy stagnation that lasts for decades, in particular, in Russia. Meanwhile, the existing experience of modernization in the USSR shows that there is a powerful feedback when culture and, in particular, art, become an important factor and conceptual vector of socio-economic and technological modernization. The means for this can be and have been historically long-term strategic development programs linking together technological, scientific, economic, educational and cultural transformations, mass labor enthusiasm, the inclusion of workers in social creativity and other relations and institutions that transform a person from a passive object (an employee, consumer) into an active creator. The history of the USSR gives contradictory examples of such relations formation (the GOELRO plan, etc.).
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Ganin, M. A. "SOVIET-GERMAN COOPERATION IN THE FIELD OF HYDRO-TURBINE ENGINEERING IN THE 1920s." Izvestiya of Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences. History Sciences 3, no. 2 (2021): 63–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.37313/2658-4816-2021-3-2-63-71.
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In December 1920, the GOELRO plan was adopted: a long-term plan for the electrification of the country, which was supposed to form the necessary prerequisites for the industrial development of the young Soviet state. The development of hydropower played an important role in this, however, without the necessary technologies and experience in building large hydro turbines, the Soviet state would have been forced to acquire them abroad, and thus inevitably fell into dependence on the advanced Western countries. In this regard, it was decided to develop Soviet own hydro-turbine-building enterprises (one of the key ones among which was the Leningrad Metal Plant), attracting foreign assistance whenever it was possible. Cooperation was started with the German company «Fritz Neumeyer», which was ready not only to supply finished products, but also to carry out technical cooperation. This article contains an attempt to consider the prerequisites for cooperation of the Leningrad Metal Plant with the company «Fritz Neumeyer», to determine the key areas of the transfer of technologies of hydro-turbine engineering between Leningrad Metal Plant and the «Fritz Neumeyer» at various stages, and to assess the impact of this cooperation on the establishment and development of national hydro-turbine development.
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Alekseev, V. V. "First Power Plants in the Ural-Siberian Region (on the Occasion of the 100th Anniversary of the GOELRO Plan)." Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Political Science and Religion Studies 33 (2020): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.26516/2073-3380.2020.33.87.
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Avdanin, Vladimir V. "100 YEARS OF ELECTRIFICATION: HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND MODERN CHALLENGES." Historical Search 1, no. 3 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.47026/2712-9454-2020-1-3-5-13.
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Basing on the principles of historicism and objective analysis the article examines the features and problems of implementing two state electrification plans: GOELRO plan adopted 100 years ago, under which the construction of local power plants in the Middle Volga region began, and the General Plan for the USSR Electrification, approved in 1932, which laid down the main solutions to radically redevelop the industry and agriculture of the region on the basis of using the sources of hydroelectric power, constructed on the Volga. In this regard, the historical and comparative method made it possible to highlight the main stages in creation and development of the power system of the Chuvash Republic, which since the mid 1950s has acted as a central a link in the country’s unified electric power system. The idea of creating energy hubs of the Volga Cascade, which in the years that followed provided the rise of industrial and agricultural production of the region, was based on the need for the priority development of the integrated power grid taking into account a strictly defined sequence of regional power plant construction, however, these aspects of implementing the electrification plans are not exampled in the domestic historical literature devoted to the reform of the energy industry. The article notes the pivotal role of scientific and technical cooperation between Leningrad and Cheboksary power engineers and instrument makers in solving the most complicated tasks in times of peace and during the war, it considers the contribution of Chuvash power engineers, who provided the construction and modernization of dozens of trunk transmission lines, which made it possible to fully implement the country’s electrification plan and to ensure energy security of the region.
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Zamaraeva, E. I. "Sociocultural achievements of the “soviet Project” as a Vector of World social development." Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University 13, no. 4 (2023): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2023-13-4-47-52.
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The relevance of the article is due to the need for a full-fledged scientific analysis of the achievements of the Soviet era, which made an exceptional contribution to the world socio-cultural space, demonstrating unprecedented results in various spheres of human life. The author analyzes, first of all, the sphere of education as a key factor in socio-cultural development. It is noted that the “Soviet project” gave a unique experience of a breakthrough in the field of education in its various directions. It is stated that the Soviet GOELRO plan became no less decisive, laying the foundations for systemic industrialization. An analysis of the main achievements of the “Soviet project” in the field of economics allows us to conclude that the growth of economic indicators determines colossal changes in the entire socio-cultural paradigm of the Soviet society, which, in turn, determines the values and the general way of life of the Soviet people. The author concludes that the “Soviet project” is a colossal socio-cultural breakthrough in the history of mankind, and the analysis of the best achievements of this project will allow us to avoid such mistakes and miscalculations in the future and bring our country to new heights, strengthen its sovereignty and confidently go into the future.
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Shulenina, Yulia D. "The evolution of the garden city concept on first power plants’ settlements." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Kul'turologiya i iskusstvovedenie, no. 57 (2025): 213–23. https://doi.org/10.17223/22220836/57/17.
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The garden city concept was invented by Englishman Ebenezer Howard at the end of the 19th century and had a great impact on the world urban planning practice. In the current article the author explores the transformation of the garden city perspective through the first power plants’ working settlements. This article presents the first comprehensive comparison of settlements near Kashirskaya, Shaturskaya and Electroperedacha power plants built in 1910-1920s. The plan of the Electroperedacha settlement is published for the first time. Nowadays there is still not enough knowledge about the design of the first industrial working settlements. Moreover, many architectural monuments of the 1910-1920s period are under the threat of demolition. The objectives of this article are to supplement the information about the design of the working settlements and to draw attention to the preservation of the architectural and urban heritage of the country. Elektroperedacha, Shaturskaya and Kashirskaya power plants were the first power plants built outside the center of Moscow. They were erected in undeveloped areas as city-forming enterprises near the fuel source. So it was necessary to create infrastructure around it. The Elektroperedacha settlement was a typical example of the pre-revolutionary period. The plan didn’t implement the garden city ideas that were gaining popularity at that time. While the power plant architecture was meticulously designed by Hermann Muthesius, the architecture of the settlement was undeveloped. Shaturskaya and Kashirskaya power plants became the first power plants built according to the GOELRO plan (the state plan for the electrification of Russia). Shatura working settlement stands out for the implementation of architectural and planning solutions of the garden city with the participation of outstanding architects. The Kashirskaya settlement shows a change in urban planning discussions. By 1922 the gradual abandonment of the garden city concept began and a new design approach was formed with the central role of the industrial facility. These days there are no preserved buildings from the first settlement in Kashira. However, some original redbrick and wooden buildings have been preserved in Shatura and Electrogorsk. Many of the mentioned buildings are monuments of the era and the legacy of outstanding architects. The author declares no conflicts of interests.
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Minakir, Pavel. "Strategies for Russia and Russia." Spatial Economics 17, no. 1 (2021): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14530/se.2021.1.007-017.
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In this article we use the 100th anniversary of the development and approval of the GOELRO plan, the plan to electrify Russia (State Commission for the Electrification of Russia), as a cause to discuss the role of strategic planning in determining the economic destiny of our nation. Another reason for this is, of course, the lingering economic crisis in Russia and the inability to escape its grasp despite the growing number of strategies, programs, and projects being developed in Russia. The article suggests picking three points in time that were truly important for making fundamental decisions concerning the main development of the country for the subsequent years. The article proposes to consider these decisions, dating back to the early 1920-s, 1950-s, 1990-s, development strategies (strategies 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 respectively). The comparative analysis of their specific features, and conditions (internal and external) under which the strategies were developed and implemented, allowed the author to draw a line between first two strategies and the 1990-s strategy, and to formulate requirements for a new strategy (4.0). This new strategy is urgently needed not only for the economic recovery, but for constructing the economy that would make Russia one of the leading global economies. It should not only be able to provide the economy with opportunities for endogenous growth, but also for effective social development. In this regard, some thoughts are given on the recently published policy report on the strategic basis of the Russian economy development. The report is not, technically, a long-term economic development strategy, but by the expert community and the media it is perceived as a strategy for a certain ‘U-turn’ of the Russian economy
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Budreiko, Ekaterina. "Development of Chemical Industry in Russia (USSR) in the Context of Its Economic and Social Policies (1900–1927)." Voprosy istorii estestvoznaniia i tekhniki 44, no. 4 (2023): 682. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020596060028514-7.
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The article analyzes the development of chemical industry in Russia (USSR) in the context of the country’s overall industrial policies from the early 20th century to the prewar five-year plans. Four periods are identified, differing in the driving forces of the industry development, growth rates and product range. Before the outbreak of the First World War, the development of the chemical industry was strongly influenced by the advanced level of the Russian scientific schools. The output of the most important products, however, increased slightly and a number of production facilities were completely absent. Since the First World War, the defense was the most important factor that determined the rates and directions of the industry’s development. The Chemical Committee established under the Main Artillery Directorate was chaired by V. N. Ipatiev. The Committee’s activities concerned with the production of benzene, toluene and other strategically important products are reviewed in detail. In the light of the national policy of industry demobilization that began to be developed in October 1916, we analyze the work of the Central Organ for the Chemical Industry, created to develop a sectoral program for the reconversion to peaceful production. The importance of materials prepared by the Central Organ for the organization of work of the VSNKh’s chemical department and for the preparation of the GOELRO plan is emphasized. The main difficulties in the chemical industry’s recovery in 1921/22 – 1927 are also reviewed. The article is based on the documents and publications in the periodicals from the period under study.
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Mikhaylov, A.I. "Technologies and institutions of socialism." Problems in Political Economy, no. 3 (October 6, 2024): 204–20. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13895740.
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The article considers the role of Vladimir Lenin in the formation of social institutions of the Soviet society. The author analyzes and compares the works on the theory of socialism in 1917-23 with the results actually achieved. Several stages of formation ofinstitutions of socialism are revealed. Formal socialization of 1918 that eliminated the idle classes. Formation of the social sphere: systems of public health care, education, science and social security. The monopoly of foreign trade that enabled to escape theRicardian trap of specialization. Finally, GOELRO as an experience of macroeconomic planning. During the first five-year plan, a structural shift of the inter-sectoral balance was made with an increase in the share of machine-building, the experience was gained in introducing a holistic set of technological innovations, a system of management of industry sectors was created, and agricultural cooperation was realized. After the Great Patriotic War, with the realization of atomic and space projects, science turns into a direct productive force of society. However, a number of subsequent stages in the development of socialism – informatization as the construction of an integrated system of computer-aided design and economic calculations (OGAS, ASPR, etc.) and development of artificial intelligence systems up to date – have not been implemented in the socialist development paradigm. Nevertheless, the analysis a posteriori of realized and unfulfilled forecasts allows us to identify those contradictions of modernity that can be resolved only in a communist perspective.
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Tsench, Yu S., and V. V. Sharov. "Advancement of Domestic Mobile Agricultural Machinery Powered by Electric Traction." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 18, no. 3 (2024): 4–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2024-18-3-4-13.
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With the implementation of the GOELRO plan in the late 1920s and early 1930s, efforts were made to extend the use of electricity to agricultural fieldwork through the development of specialized machines and mechanisms. Numerous inventors, engineers, and scientists focused on finding ways to electrify energy-intensive agricultural operations. As a result, various designs of electric plows and electric tractors emerged. (Research purpose) The paper aims to analyze the development of electric tractors in the USSR during the period from 1930 to 1956. (Materials and methods) The study employs a chronological research method, examining scientific and technical publications, along with other sources, that address the manufacturing and testing of electric tractors. Conclusions were drawn through the analysis and synthesis of the reviewed materials. (Results and discussion) The initial phase of electrifying soil cultivation operations was marked by the development of plows powered by electric winches. In the early 1930s, tractors emerged with electric motors replacing traditional heat (internal combustion) engines. Advancements in electric tractor design led to the creation of tracked models such as the HTZ-15 (Kharkov) and ET-5-ENIN-VIESh (Moscow), which underwent extensive economic testing. The results indicated that the use of electric tractors in fi eld crop farming was unsuitable due to both technical and economic factors. (Conclusions) Between 1930 and 1956, at least 15 types of wheeled and tracked electric tractors were developed in the Soviet Union. Testing these models revealed both the advantages and drawbacks of electrified traction equipment. Despite their eff orts, mid-twentieth-century engineers were unable to resolve the technical challenges associated with the implementation of electric tractors, leading to the termination of the project in 1956.
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Fonotov, Andrey. "The Foreseeable Future: Building Policy and Transition Strategy." Science Management: Theory and Practice 7, no. 2 (2025): 12–42. https://doi.org/10.19181/smtp.2025.7.2.1.
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In order to complete large-scale tasks, the implementation of which takes significant time periods, strategies and policies act as the main planning tools. Each of them has a strict scientific and managerial meaning, being an important component of the step-by-step process of decision-making and the formation of a rational system of actions. At the same time, the presented literature overview shows that the existing definitions of strategy, policy, conception, plan and program use the same basic concepts, being an example of cyclical definitions. This makes them indistinguishable from each other, ignoring their different ontology, instrumental specificity and place in the system of planning prospects development. The article proposes definitions of policy and strategy, on the basis of which an approach to delimiting their spheres of activity is formed, differences in functions in the strategizing system and methods of interactive interrelation in the process of achieving goals are shown. Policy deals with the structure of interests of subjects or actors of purposeful activity and the continuous alignment of this structure with the moving conditions of plan implementation. These conditions constantly change the assessments of the degree of complexity of goals accomplishment. Strategy is a set of decision-making rules under uncertainty. The author discusses the problem of developing decision-making rules within the strategy at the branching points of the directions of movement toward the goal under conditions of incomplete information and knowledge. The important role of development scenario options is pointed out. An analogy is drawn with the operation of evolutionary selection algorithms in the interpretations of W.Sellars and D.Dennet. The conditional space of causes, their selection in a certain value system and implementation of quality control are considered. Obviously, the spaces of policy and strategy are relevant to such an analysis and events in these spaces are proposed to be assessed using aggregate indexes in the form of indicators of the goal-implementation process. The analysis of such indicators does not determine, but helps to adjust the strategy for achieving a goal. The main theses of the article are accompanied by examples of the implementation of policy and strategy in the GOELRO plan, the program of industrial relocation to the east of the country during the Great Patriotic War and the Comprehensive Program of Scientific and Technological Progress and Its Socioeconomic Consequences developed in the USSR in the 1970s–1980s. The final part of the work examines the strategies for scientific, technological and innovative development of Russia, published in the period 2011–2024. It also highlights gaps in their development and indicates provisions for improving these documents.
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Shulenina, Yulia D. "Pre-Revolutionary Trends of Industrial Architecture: Moscow Power Plants." Observatory of Culture 19, no. 6 (2022): 574–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/2072-3156-2022-19-6-574-583.
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The article explores the evolution of the architectural style and artistic and aesthetic features of the first Moscow power plants (Georgievskaya (1888), Raushskaya (1897) and Tramvainaya (1907)) during the period of active industrial development at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries. The article aims to identify trends in the pre-revolutionary industrial architecture of Moscow, as well as to supplement the history of architecture with new information about the architecture of power plants.The main advantage of the article is a comprehensive art history research of the power plants’ architecture, undertaken for the first time. The author compares the Russian practice with the design experience in Europe and the USA and examines the issues of historical modernizations and modern reconstructions of objects. There are applied the methods of comparative and typological analysis, as well as the art criticism method of stylistic analysis. The article establishes that there was a gradual transition from the “brick” style to the functional design method in industrial architecture: new buildings were characterized by a reduction in decor, the use of metal trusses, an increase in the area of glazing and its use as an expressive component. The results of the research show that, by the example of the first Russian power plants’ architecture, it is possible to trace the formation of industrial practices in the country and analyze the prerequisites of the GOELRO Plan, subsequently developed by the avant-garde architects. Nowadays, the power plants, being significant architectural monuments, remain an important part of the urban infrastructure, often acquiring a new format of life after revitalization: Raushskaya is the oldest operating plant in Russia, and Georgievskaya and Tramvainaya continue their existence as cultural spaces. The study of the heritage of industrial architecture helps to determine the historical and cultural value of the buildings around us, which is necessary for their preservation.
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Nikolenko, Elvira G., Igor V. Karyakin, Sergei V. Bakka, and Nadezhda Yu Kiseleva. "The Problem of Bird Deaths on Power Lines in Russia – Experience in Solving: Historical Path, Achievements and Current Issues." Raptors Conservation, no. 50 (April 17, 2025): 78–91. https://doi.org/10.19074/1814-8654-2025-50-78-91.
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The development of electric grids in Russia, initiated by the GOELRO plan, contributed to industrialisation but led to bird deaths on power transmission lines. This article is devoted to the history of the solution to this problem, the analysis of stages, success factors and obstacles, and current issues of reducing bird mortality. The first stage of electrification with wooden poles was safe for birds. The transition to reinforced concrete supports in the 1950s and the use of grounded steel crossarms with pin insulators in the 1960s caused mass bird deaths due to electric shock. The first attempts to solve the problem in the 1970s with the help of experimental bird protection devices (BPD) were unsuccessful and were banned. In the 1990s and 2000s, several laws were adopted to protect animals, including requirements to equip 6–35 kV power transmission lines with BPD. However, the lack of a damage calculation mechanism and law enforcement practices hindered their implementation. Media publications, scientific research, and the activities of environmentalists played an essential role in drawing attention to the problem. Large-scale bird mortality studies were conducted, recommendations were developed, and resolutions were adopted at conferences. The activity of environmentalists led to inspections of power transmission lines and prosecutors’ orders to eliminate violations. In 2008, a state methodology for calculating damage was approved. As a result, large companies began to allocate funds to install BPDs. In 2017, PJSC Rosseti developed a standard for the use of BPDs. Despite the successes achieved, unresolved issues remain: designing safe power transmission lines, introducing new technologies, reconstructing existing power transmission lines using insulated wires and suspension insulators, increasing the service life of BPDs, and banning dangerous structures. The history of the fight against bird deaths on power transmission lines in Russia demonstrates the importance of cooperation between the state, energy workers, scientists, and the public to preserve biodiversity.
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Maklyukov, Aleksey V. "Mobilization model of electrification of the USSR Far East (1928–1945)." Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, no. 501 (2024): 123–33. https://doi.org/10.17223/15617793/501/14.
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The study analyzes the process of electrification of the Far East as an integral part of the mobilization model of the USSR’s economic development in the late 1920s – mid-1940s and reveals the regional features of its implementation. The methodological basis of the study is traditional historical methods, as well as the method of systems analysis, which allows considering the electrification of the Far East as an element of the economic system of the USSR. The work is based on a corpus of unpublished sources identified in the funds of federal and regional archives. A study of the literature on the problem has shown that certain material has been accumulated on it, but a more in-depth analysis of electrification processes in the parameters of the mobilization model can contribute to the solution of the fundamental scientific task of recreating a holistic picture of the transformations that took place in the regional economy in the late 1920s – mid-1940s The main part of the work shows that in the mobilization model, the processes of electrification of the Far East were entirely concentrated in the hands of the state, subordinated to the general tasks of creating an industrial economy and strengthening the country’s defense capability. To implement the mobilization model, plans were developed for the electrification of the region, based on economic, political and military-strategic factors of increasing the defense capability of the eastern regions of the country and their integration into the all-Union space. In the Far East, unlike the western regions of the country, the necessary energy infrastructure was initially lacking, capacity reserves were not created according to the GOELRO plan, and there was not enough time and resources for large-scale energy construction and the implementation of five-year plans. The mobilization nature of the accelerated development of productive forces in the region determined the decentralized departmental path of development of the electric power industry. As a result, there was a sharp gap between the growth rates of the industrial economy of the region and the electric power industry, which by the beginning of the Great Patriotic War developed into an energy crisis. This gap turned into one of the main problems of the region’s economic development, which the state, despite all further efforts and investments aimed at electrification, was not able to solve until the end of the Soviet era.
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Amaral, Daniel Rufino, Denilson Ferreira Oliveira, Vicente Paulo Campos, José Antônio Pantaleão, Douglas Antônio de Carvalho, and Alexandro da Silva Nunes. "Effect of plant and fungous metabolites on Meloidogyne exigua." Ciência e Agrotecnologia 33, spe (2009): 1861–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-70542009000700027.
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As nematodes cause great damage to Brazilian coffee production, effective methods to control these parasites are necessary. In a previous work Allium cepa L., Cajanus cajan (L.) Mill., Crotalaria juncea L., Ficus elastica Roxb., Ruta graveolens L., Stylosanthes guianensis Aubl., Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) Dewit., Brachiaria decumbens Stapf., Catharanthus roseus G. Don, Tagetes minuta L., Ricinus communis L. and Coffea arabica L. produced active substances against Meloidogyne exigua Goeldi, a nematode widely disseminated through Brazilian coffee fields. Thus, aqueous extracts of such plants, collected in a different season from that of the previous work, as well as crude metabolites produced in liquid medium by Fusarium moniliforme Shelden and Cylindrocarpon magnusianum (Sacc.) Woll., were submitted to in vitro assays with M. exigua second-stage juveniles (J2). All plants and fungi produced active substances against J2. Therefore, their metabolites were applied to six-month-old coffee plants inoculated with M. exigua. After 90 days in a greenhouse, those samples obtained from A. cepa, L. leucocephala, R. graveolens and F. moniliforme inhibited the production of galls and eggs by M. exigua, demonstrating potential to control such parasite.
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Barbosa, Camilo Veríssimo de Oliveira, Maria de Nazaré do Carmo Bastos, Julio dos Santos de Sousa, and Ana Paula Oliveira Cruz. "Estudo taxonômico de Sapindaceae do litoral paraense." Rodriguésia 64, no. 4 (2013): 807–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-78602013000400010.
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Este trabalho consiste no tratamento taxonômico de Sapindaceae Jusss. nas restingas do litoral paraense. A metodologia desse estudo compreendeu a análise do material proveniente de coletas e exsicatas dos herbários do Museu Goeldi (MG) e do Instituto Agronômico do Norte (IAN), além de literatura especializada. São apresentadas chave de identificação, descrições, distribuição geográfica, comentários e ilustrações das espécies. Foram encontradas oito espécies, distribuídas em seis gêneros: Cupania diphylla, Matayba discolor, M. guianensis, Paullinia pinnata, Serjania paucidentata, Talisia cerasina, T. veraluciana e Urvillea laevis. As espécies Urvillea laevis e Matayba discolor são novas ocorrências para a Amazônia brasileira. Serjania paucidentata é uma nova ocorrência para o estado do Pará. A formação floresta de restinga foi ecossistema que apresentou o maior número de táxons.
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Chugh, Ashish, Prashant Punia, Sarang Gotecha, Jayant Arun Gaud, Rajeev Reddy, and Ramis Abdul Aziz. "Immediate postoperative resolution of syrinx post-C1/C2 fixation in an operated case of foramen magnum decompression for Chiari malformation: Is Goel’s procedure a rescue surgery or a gold standard?" Journal of Craniovertebral Junction and Spine 15, no. 1 (2024): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jcvjs.jcvjs_182_23.
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ABSTRACT Chiari malformation (CM) is a common neurological disorder with foramen magnum decompression (FMD) as a commonly accepted treatment. The authors present a case of CM-1 wherein there was no radiological instability preoperatively and FMD was done as a treatment, after which the patient improved transiently only to deteriorate further. Atlantoaxial fixation was done as a second-stage procedure, after which the patient improved clinically and radiologically. The knowledge of this case and surgical entity should be borne in mind before the formulation of a treatment plan. It is important that the solution is to identify and treat the underlying pathology rather than to decompress and directly manipulate the tonsils.
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Xiao, Jun, and Yingyan Lou. "Planned Special Event Network Optimization Model Considering Parking and Ridesharing Drop-Off." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2676, no. 3 (2021): 227–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03611981211051340.
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A planned special event (PSE), such as a sports game or a concert, can greatly affect the normal operations of a transportation system. To facilitate traffic, the road network is usually reconfigured, which could include road closures, reversed lanes, and limited access to parking facilities. For recurring PSEs, event-goers are often provided with recommended routes to designated parking areas in advance. Such network reconfiguration and route and parking recommendations are, however, often ad hoc in practice. This paper focuses on the PSE traffic planning problem. We propose to simultaneously consider parking, ridesharing, and network configuration. The problem is formulated as an optimization problem with integer decision variables. We developed a flow-based traffic simulation tool that is able to incorporate parking and lane changing (which cannot be ignored around ridesharing drop-off locations) to evaluate the objective function. We also developed effective and efficient heuristic solution algorithms. The models and algorithms are tested using the real network and traffic data from Super Bowl XLIX in 2015. The results show that our methods and approaches are able to produce an effective comprehensive traffic plan with reasonable computation time. For the Super Bowl XLIX case study, the resulting optimal plan is able to save 39.6% of the total vehicle-hours associated with default network configurations. Sensitivity analysis has also been conducted with respect to the compliance rate of travelers following recommended routes. It is found that the resulting near-optimal PSE traffic plans are able to tolerate some uncertainty in the compliance rate.
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CAIRES, CLAUDENIR SIMÕES, and GRETA ALINE DETTKE. "Passovia bracteata, a new species of Loranthaceae endemic to the Brazilian Amazon." Phytotaxa 490, no. 1 (2021): 114–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.490.1.11.
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Passovia (Loranthaceae) is a Neotropical genus of mistletoes characterized by having inflorescences with triads and flowers with laterally excavated filaments and basifixed anthers. During the revision of Loranthaceae for the Flora do Brasil 2020 project, a single collection of an undescribed species of Passovia was found at the Museum Paraense Emilio Goeldi herbarium (MG). We described and illustrated this specimen as Passovia bracteata, a new species endemic from the Brazilian Amazon Forest. This new species is characterized by its terete stems, ovate leaves, racemose inflorescences (compound at the base), and pedunculate triads with a long-foliaceous bract subtending the median flower of the triad and/or the whole triad.
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Benjamin, Stefanie, Paige P. Schneider, and Derek H. Alderman. "Film Tourism Event Longevity: Lost in Mayberry." Tourism Review International 16, no. 2 (2012): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3727/154427212x13485031583939.
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The purpose of this study is to examine a US festival widely known for attracting television fan tourists, build a traveler profile or typology of festival goers, and reflect on how the behavioral segmentation of these tourists may affect the longevity of the film tourism event and the broader planning of the destination community. Specifically, this study examines the Mayberry Days Festival, an annual event held in Mount Airy, North Carolina. Mount Airy is the birthplace and boyhood home of actor, Andy Griffith, whose television series (The Andy Griffith Show) was set in the fictional hamlet of Mayberry. Online survey invitation cards were distributed during the 2010 Mayberry Days Festival to gather data on the sociodemographic characteristics, motivations, perceptions, and economic impact of the attendee to comprehend how sustainable the Mayberry Days Festival will be for Mount Airy. Results suggest that visitors are drawn to Mount Airy for a variety of reasons and that The Andy Griffith Show is not necessarily the main motivator. It is important for the town's tourism promoters not to get “lost in Mayberry” as they plan for alternative marketing and attraction development in the future.
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Brito, Eliete da Silva, and Anna Luiza Ilkiu-Borges. "Primeiro registro de Cololejeunea panamensis (Lejeuneaceae) para a América do Sul." Rodriguésia 63, no. 3 (2012): 751–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2175-78602012000300018.
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Cololejeunea panamensis G. Dauphin & Pócs, descrita em 2006 foi referida como endêmica para a ilha de Barro Colorado no Panamá, América Central. Durante um estudo sobre a brioflora da ilha do Marajó, uma espécie de Cololejeunea mostrou-se diferente das espécies já registradas no Brasil, provando ser uma nova ocorrência para a América do Sul. O objetivo desse trabalho é divulgar a ocorrência dessa espécie em território brasileiro e ampliar o conhecimento sobre sua distribuição geográfica, morfologia e ecologia. O material estudado foi coletado na ilha do Marajó, município de Soure, estado do Pará, Brasil, no período de 10 a 16 de Janeiro de 2007. As amostras coletadas estão depositadas no Herbário do Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi (MG). Foram coletadas um total de nove amostras contendo Cololejeunea panamensis, sendo esse o segundo registro já feito da espécie além do material tipo e o primeiro registro para a América do Sul. A espécie é descrita taxonomicamente, ilustrada e são feitos comentários sobre a distribuição geográfica, variação morfológica e habitat.
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Rivera-Smith, Catherine E., Howard Ferris, and Ronald E. Voss. "The application of an excised root assay for the determination of susceptibility or resistance to root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp. Goeldi) in potatoes (Solanum spp. L.)." American Potato Journal 68, no. 3 (1991): 133–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02853894.
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Maqsood, Sumbal. "The Absentee Author and the Plane of Understanding in Six Characters in Search of an Author." Linguistics and Literature Review 8, no. 1 (2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.81/01.
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The study explores how the characters in Luigi Pirandello’s play Six Characters in Search of An Author expose the limiting and conventional frames of understanding that fetter the imaginations of both theatrical actors and their audience. In general, when watching a play on a stage, conventional theatre-goers are usually rigid conformists who seek the validation of preconceived notions nurtured by their subjective planes of understanding. When such notions are challenged by modern dramatists like Pirandello, who dissolve the division between theatrical action and the audience, the audience feels displaced from their secure planes of understanding. Pirandello’s metatheatre evokes a poignant conscious response from his audience who had to become participants in stage action due to the authorial absence. Subsequently, rather than rejecting a play that shifts their secure coordinates of existence, the audience must construct meaning based on their varied versions of understanding. In a self-reflective stance induced by the play, the modern audience realizes that identities, meanings, and representations are not absolute. Hence, the aforementioned realization highlights the limitation of conventional frames of understanding, which not only hinders the performance of actors but also limits the understanding of the play itself.
 Keywords: actors; author; characters; understanding; reality; theatre
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Goel, Jai Kishan, and Siddharth Goel. "Chronic Pelvic Pain: An Overview." Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 5, no. 3 (2013): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1249.
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ABSTRACT Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is not a disease but a complex multidimensional syndrome. Although any one disorder may be the cause of CPP, pain can also be the end result of several medical conditions, with each contributing to the generation of pain and requiring management. Women with chronic pelvic pain are often disappointed with the quality of their medical consultations and want their clinician, a personalized care, empathetic and take their symptoms seriously, provide an explanation as to the cause of their pain syndrome and be reassuring. Gastrointestinal, urological, gynecological, psychological, and musculoskeletal sources should be considered in evaluating women with chronic pelvic pain. A complete history, physical examination and counseling can take 45 to 90 minutes to women with CPP. Laboratory testing is of limited value in evaluating women with CPP and, however, pelvic ultrasound is highly sensitive for identifying pelvic masses and determining the origin of the mass. Diagnostic laparoscopy is recommended, if GI, GU and myofascial and neuropathic causes are ruled out or treated and the results of the psychological evaluation are negative. However in 30% of the cases, no cause is ever determined and it presents a therapeutic challenge to the clinician. Success in treating women with chronic pelvic pain is greatly facilitated by earning their trust and confidence. To decide on the best therapeutic plan for an individual patient, the physician and patient should have a thorough discussion of her preferences and values regarding testing, medical versus surgical treatment and childbearing plans. For many patients, the optimal approach involves a combination of treatments. How to cite this article Goel JK, Goel S. Chronic Pelvic Pain: An Overview. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2013;5(3): 147-153.
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Pereira Polatto, Leandro, Paulo Roberto De Abreu Tavares, Glaucia Almeida De Morais, Jessica Amaral Henrique, and Valter Vieira Alves Junior. "Generalization versus Specialization in Plant Pollination Systems: What do Floral Visitors Tell us?" Ensaios e Ciência: Ciências Biológicas, Agrárias e da Saúde 29, no. 2 (2025): 487–504. https://doi.org/10.17921/1415-6938.2025v29n2p487-504.
Full textAbstract:
Características florais podem facilitar ou restringir a coleta de recursos alimentares por certos animais. Buscamos definir os níveis de especialização versus generalização no sistema de polinização em espécies de plantas com elevada disposição floral e visitadas por insetos. Portanto, levantamos a hipótese que nas redes de interação planta-visitante floral há um contínuo de especializações florais em uma comunidade vegetal, de espécies altamente generalistas para espécies totalmente especializadas. As espécies estudadas tinham oito tipos de flores (disco, goela, capítulo, disco com glândulas secretoras de óleo, disco com anteras poricidas, pincel, tubulares e transição entre polipétalas abertas e profundas) e mostraram um contínuo de sistemas de polinização, dos níveis mais especializados aos mais generalizados. As espécies mais especializadas foram visitadas predominantemente por grupos funcionais de polinizadores eficientes, enquanto as espécies mais generalistas receberam visitantes de quatro ou cinco grupos funcionais, mas não agiram como polinizadores eficientes. Nas espécies mais generalistas não foi possível definir se os visitantes florais eram vetores de pólen ou furtadores/pilhadores de recursos. As partes dos corpos dos insetos que transferem pólen para os estigmas florais puderam ser agrupadas em cinco regiões: a região dorsal do tórax, a região ventral do tórax e abdômen, a região frontal da cabeça e a tíbia e região dorsal do abdômen. As plantas que evidenciam os níveis mais elevados de especialização floral podem, no entanto, ser visitadas por furtadores e/ou pilhadores de recursos florais – indicando que a especialização floral em si não é capaz de eliminar visitantes florais prejudiciais à reprodução das plantas. Palavras-chave: Formato floral; comportamento de forrageamento; transferência de pólen; furto/pilhagem de recursos.