Journal articles: 'The history of the mental hospital'

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Mayou, Richard. "The History of General Hospital Psychiatry." British Journal of Psychiatry 155, no. 6 (December 1989): 764–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.155.6.764.

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General hospital psychiatry in Britain began in 1728, and thereafter several new voluntary hospitals provided separate wards for lunatics, but none survived beyond the middle of the 19th century. Less severe nervous organic disorder has always been common in the general wards of voluntary hospitals, and was accepted as the responsibility of neurologists and other physicians; all forms of disorder were admitted to the infirmaries of workhouses. During the present century psychiatrists began to take an interest in non-certifiable mental illnesses and in working in general hospitals. Out-patient clinics became more common following the Mental Treatment Act 1930. The growth of general hospital psychiatric units in the last 30 years began amidst controversy, but has received little recent critical attention.

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Spencer, Douglas A. "Meanwood Park Hospital, Leeds." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 11 (November 1989): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.11.629.

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In August 1989 Meanwood Park Hospital, Leeds, the biggest hospital for mental handicap in the Yorkshire Health Region, reached the seventieth anniversary of its foundation. Like other hospitals for mental handicap. Meanwood Park is coming to the end of an era. The parkland of 134 acres, which has been the hospital's estate, and has existed for over 200 years, is to be sold in phases for housing schemes. Now is an opportune time to record the history of this hospital.

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Rabins, Peter V. "The History of Psychogeriatrics in the United States." International Psychogeriatrics 11, no. 4 (December 1999): 371–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610299005980.

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During the late 19th and early 20th centuries, elderly individuals with severe mental illness living in the United States were cared for in state-run facilities that went by various names (asylums, psychopathic hospitals, state hospitals, state mental hospitals, and medical centers). Since the beginning of the 20th century, approximately 20% of patients in state hospital facilities had brain diseases such as dementia, usually complicated by behavioral disorder.

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Bergen, Teresa. "Oregon State Hospital Museum of Mental Health." Oral History Review 44, no. 2 (2017): 363–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ohr/ohx067.

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Comelles Esteban, Josep Maria, Elisa Alegre Agís, and Josep Barceló Prats. "Del hospital de pobres a la cultura hospitalo-céntrica. Economía política y cambio cultural en el sistema hospitalario catalán / From the poor hospital to the hospital-centric culture. Political economy and cultural change in the Catalan hospital system." Kamchatka. Revista de análisis cultural., no. 10 (December 29, 2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/kam.10.10420.

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Resumen: En el presente artículo se describe la evolución del sistema sanitario catalán utilizando, para ello, el desarrollo de un concepto cultural –el hospitalo-centrismo– clave para entender la hegemonía de la institución hospitalaria en los dispositivos de salud actuales. A tales efectos y utilizando dos perspectivas complementarias como son la historia antropológica y la antropología médica, el artículo analiza un case study a partir de tres ejemplos: la demanda de urgencias hospitalarias asociadas a una concepción cultural de lo que es “grave” y al embodiment de su eficacia por los ciudadanos; la necesidad del rol de asilo en las enfermedades crónicas o terminales; y la conversión del cuidado doméstico como “hospitalización doméstica” en el caso de la salud mental. Palabras clave: hospital-centrismo, sistema sanitario, historia de hospitales, urgencias, cuidados crónicos, salud mental. Abstract: This article describes the evolution of the Catalan Health System, using the development of a key cultural concept –hospital-centrism– to understand the hegemony of the hospital institution in the current health devices. To this purpose, and using two complementary perspectives such as anthropological history and medical anthropology, the article analyzes a case study from three examples: the demand for hospital emergencies related with a cultural conception of what is “severe”, and with its effectiveness embodied by the citizens; the need of the asylum role in chronic or terminal diseases; and the transformation of domestic care to “domestic hospitalization” in mental health cases. Keywords: hospital-centrism, health system, history of hospitals, emergencies, chronic care, mental health.

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Jancar, J. "The History of Mental Handicap in Bristol and Bath." Bulletin of the Royal College of Psychiatrists 11, no. 8 (August 1987): 261–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/s0140078900017533.

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The cities of Bristol and Bath have played an eminent role in the history of mental handicap.Unfortunately, documentation is rather scanty, particularly on the pre and post Reformation era but much more is known about the Holy Cross Hospital in Bath, perhaps the oldest mental handicap hospital in Great Britain. The Romans contributed to its foundations when they built Fossway Road on the outskirts of Bath which the pilgrims later used to visit Glastonbury.

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Louw, Johann. "Building a mental hospital in apartheid South Africa." History of Psychology 22, no. 4 (November 2019): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/hop0000095.

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Herman, Nancy J., and Colin M. Smith. "Mental Hospital Depopulation in Canada: Patient Perspectives." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 34, no. 5 (June 1989): 386–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674378903400505.

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This paper reviews briefly the history of mental health depopulation in Canada over the past 30 years. The term “deinstitutionalization” is often used but is unsatisfactory. Using an exploratory, qualitative, methodological approach, data were collected on the problems encountered by a disproportionate, stratified random sample of 139 formerly institutionalized patients living in various geographical locales in Eastern Canada. Adopting a symbolic interactionist theoretical approach, this study, in an effort to fill a neglect in the literature, attempted to discover what the everyday world(s) of Canadian ex-mental patients was really like. Problems encountered related to stigma, poor housing, lack of back living skills, poverty, unemployment and aftercare. Quotations from patients are provided to illustrate such themes. The findings are discussed.

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Clarke, D. J., J. Beasley, J. A. Corbett, V. H. R. Krishnan, and S. Cumella. "Mental Impairment in the West Midlands." Medicine, Science and the Law 32, no. 3 (July 1992): 225–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249203200307.

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The case records of 55 people from the West Midlands (UK) fulfilling the Mental Health Act 1983 criteria for mental impairment or severe mental impairment, were studied. Most were young men with mild mental retardation. 73 per cent were resident in (or on leave from) mental handicap hospitals, and 27 per cent resident in special hospitals. 29 per cent were subject to a Restriction Order. Most had lived in hospital for more than six years. The commonest problem behaviours were aggression, property offences and inappropriate or offending sexual behaviour. 31 per cent were mentally ill or had a past history of mental illness. A diverse range of services appears necessary to meet the needs of this group of people.

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Ben-Zeev, Dror, Emily A. Scherer, Jennifer D. Gottlieb, Armando J. Rotondi, Mary F. Brunette, Eric D. Achtyes, Kim T. Mueser, et al. "mHealth for Schizophrenia: Patient Engagement With a Mobile Phone Intervention Following Hospital Discharge." JMIR Mental Health 3, no. 3 (July 27, 2016): e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.6348.

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Background mHealth interventions that use mobile phones as instruments for illness management are gaining popularity. Research examining mobile phone‒based mHealth programs for people with psychosis has shown that these approaches are feasible, acceptable, and clinically promising. However, most mHealth initiatives involving people with schizophrenia have spanned periods ranging from a few days to several weeks and have typically involved participants who were clinically stable. Objective Our aim was to evaluate the viability of extended mHealth interventions for people with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders following hospital discharge. Specifically, we set out to examine the following: (1) Can individuals be engaged with a mobile phone intervention program during this high-risk period?, (2) Are age, gender, racial background, or hospitalization history associated with their engagement or persistence in using a mobile phone intervention over time?, and (3) Does engagement differ by characteristics of the mHealth intervention itself (ie, pre-programmed vs on-demand functions)? Methods We examined mHealth intervention use and demographic and clinical predictors of engagement in 342 individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders who were given the FOCUS mobile phone intervention as part of a technology-assisted relapse prevention program during the 6-month high-risk period following hospitalization. Results On average, participants engaged with FOCUS for 82% of the weeks they had the mobile phone. People who used FOCUS more often continued using it over longer periods: 44% used the intervention over 5-6 months, on average 4.3 days a week. Gender, race, age, and number of past psychiatric hospitalizations were associated with engagement. Females used FOCUS on average 0.4 more days a week than males. White participants engaged on average 0.7 days more a week than African-Americans and responded to prompts on 0.7 days more a week than Hispanic participants. Younger participants (age 18-29) had 0.4 fewer days of on-demand use a week than individuals who were 30-45 years old and 0.5 fewer days a week than older participants (age 46-60). Participants with fewer past hospitalizations (1-6) engaged on average 0.2 more days a week than those with seven or more. mHealth program functions were associated with engagement. Participants responded to prompts more often than they self-initiated on-demand tools, but both FOCUS functions were used regularly. Both types of intervention use declined over time (on-demand use had a steeper decline). Although mHealth use declined, the majority of individuals used both on-demand and system-prompted functions regularly throughout their participation. Therefore, neither function is extraneous. Conclusions The findings demonstrated that individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders can actively engage with a clinically supported mobile phone intervention for up to 6 months following hospital discharge. mHealth may be useful in reaching a clinical population that is typically difficult to engage during high-risk periods.

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Stokes, Marjorie, and Art O'Connor. "Deaths in the Central Mental Hospital." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 6, no. 2 (September 1989): 144–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700015500.

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AbstractAll deaths occurring in the in-patient population of the Central Mental Hospital during the period 1963 to 1987 inclusive were examined. The death rate during the total period was 11.7 per 1,000 admissions. The suicide rate during the total period was 3.9 per 1,000 admissions – there had been no suicides during the most recent five year period. Although the admission rate has been rising since the mid-1970s, the death rate over the last fifteen years has remained stable.Many of the deaths prior to 1970 were in elderly long stay patients who died from natural causes. Five deaths in young patients are described separately – in two of these anticholinergic side effects of medication may have contibuted to the deaths. Seven suicides occcuring during the study period are described separately – four of these occurred in the months soon after admission.

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Boschma, Geertje. "Community Mental Health Nursing in Alberta, Canada: An Oral History." Nursing History Review 20, no. 1 (2012): 103–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1062-8061.20.103.

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Community mental health nurses had a central role in the construction of new rehabilitative practices and community mental health services in the 1960s and 1970s. The purpose of this article is, first, to explore how nurses understood and created their new role and identity in the turbulent context of deinstitutionalization. The development of after care services for patients discharged from Alberta Hospital in Ponoka (AH-Ponoka), a large mental institution in Calgary, in the Canadian province of Alberta, will be used as a case study. I specifically focus on the establishment of outpatient services in a new psychiatric department at Foothills General Hospital in Calgary. Second, I examine how deinstitutionalization itself shaped community mental health nurses’ work. Oral history interviews with nurses and other mental health professionals, who had a central role in this transformation process, provide a unique lens through which to explore this social change. The article concludes that new rehabilitative, community-based mental health services can better be understood as a transformation of former institutional practices rather than as a definite break with them.

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Wake, Naoko. "Homosexuality and Psychoanalysis Meet at a Mental Hospital: An Early Institutional History." Journal of the History of Medicine and Allied Sciences 74, no. 1 (December 10, 2018): 34–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhmas/jry041.

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Abstract Psychoanalysis and homosexuality in the United States were both largely in flux between 1910 and 1935. This article sheds light on this unique historical moment by first exploring scholarly discussions of the era’s psychoanalysis and homosexuality, both of which emphasized the transitional nature of therapy and sexuality. By putting two bodies of scholarship into conversation, I also suggest how the historiography might move beyond two oft-cited arguments—that the psychoanalysis of the era had the power to form a person’s sexual identity negatively, and that sexual minorities formed their identities affirmatively by staying away from medical interventions. I argue that, instead, psychoanalysis was part of modern sexual identity-formation in surprisingly open-ended ways. The second half of the article continues to explore the interplay between therapy and sexuality by closely examining clinical practices at one of the leading mental hospitals of the era: Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital in Towson, Maryland, where an eclectic mode of psychotherapy was actively employed to treat homosexuality. In particular, the work of Harry Stack Sullivan (1892-1949), a gay psychiatrist well-known for his interpersonal theory of mental illness, shows how male patients who experienced same-sex sexual relationships nurtured productive interdependency among men in their articulation of sexual identity. By carefully delineating this process, the article shows how analytic practices could, and sometimes did, offer a crucial space for self-reflection and articulation of male sexuality.

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FICHTNER, C. G. "The History of Elgin Mental Health Center: Evolution of a State Hospital." American Journal of Psychiatry 157, no. 6 (June 1, 2000): 1029–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.157.6.1029.

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Farris, Megan S., Glenda MacQueen, Benjamin I. Goldstein, JianLi Wang, Sidney H. Kennedy, Signe Bray, Catherine Lebel, and Jean Addington. "Treatment History of Youth At-Risk for Serious Mental Illness." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 64, no. 2 (August 2, 2018): 145–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0706743718792195.

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Objective: The aim was to describe treatment history including medications, psychosocial therapy and hospital visits of participants in the Canadian Psychiatric Risk and Outcomes Study (PROCAN). Methods: PROCAN is a 2-site study of 243 youth/young adults aged 12 to 25 y, categorized into 4 groups: healthy controls ( n = 42), stage 0 (non-help seeking, asymptomatic with risk mainly family history of serious mental illness (SMI); n = 41), stage 1a (distress disorders; n = 52) and stage 1b (attenuated syndromes; n = 108). Participants were interviewed regarding lifetime and current treatments, including medications, psychosocial therapies and hospital visits. Results: The number receiving baseline medications differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001): 0% healthy controls, 14.6% stage 0, 32.7% stage 1a and 34.3% stage 1b. Further, 26.9% and 49.1% of stage 1a and stage 1b participants received psychosocial therapy at baseline, indicative of statistically significant differences among the groups ( P < 0.001). Similar results were observed for lifetime treatment history; stage 1b participants had the highest frequency of lifetime treatment. Medications started in adulthood (>18 y of age) were the most common for initiation of treatment compared to childhood (0 to 12 y) and adolescence (13 to 17 y) for stage 1a and 1b participants. Lifetime mental health hospital visits differed significantly across groups ( P < 0.001) and were most common in stage 1b participants (29.6%) followed by stage 1a (13.5%), stage 0 (4.9%) and healthy controls (2.4%). Conclusion: We found that treatment history for participants in the PROCAN study differed among the at-risk groups. Future initiatives focused on determining the effects of treatment history on SMI are warranted.

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Laser, Julie Anne, Granger Petersen, Haily Stephens, David DeRito, and Jennifer Boeckel. "Demographics, Risk Factors, and Negative Historical Events of Inpatients with a History of Sexual Abuse." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 6, no. 10 (October 29, 2019): 184–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.610.7269.

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The purpose of this research is to better understand how those who have experienced a mental hospital inpatient stay are influenced by a history of sexual abuse. Both risk factors and negative historical events were investigated between those who had a sexual abuse history in an inpatient hospital and those in the inpatient hospital who did not have a sexual abuse history. It was found that sexual abuse exerts a profound influence on those in the mental hospital. For example, a sexual abuse history for inpatient men was twice the national average and over 4x the national average for inpatientwomen. Additionally, many of the risk factors and negative events were significantly different between the two inpatient sub-samples. It was also found that a sexual abuse history was related to more hospital stays and longer overall time in the hospital. It is hoped that this research can make a major contribution to improving trauma informed care with this population so that a history of sexual abuse does not undermine their well-being throughout their life span.

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Utsunomiya, Minori. "Logical structure of acceptance and exclusion in the history of mental health and welfare." Impact 2021, no. 6 (July 15, 2021): 48–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.6.48.

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Early traditional mental health policies in Japan did not protect the rights of patients with mental illnesses, with public safety prioritised over human rights. The situation has since improved, but these early perceptions have impacted on current mental health policies in Japan. Dr Minori Utsunomiya, Aichi Prefectural University, Japan, believes past policies are the root of many challenges facing people with mental illness and she is exploring Japan's complex history of mental health and psychiatric care to shed light on the correlation between past and present mental health policies. Key foci for Utsunomiya are the Psychiatric Custody Law of 1900, the Psychiatric Hospital Law of 1919 and the Mental Health Act of 1950 and she is exploring these laws from two perspectives: pre-World War II to post-war continuity/discontinuity and the structure of acceptance and exclusion for people with mental illnesses. As such, Utsunomiya embarked on an exploration of the process of the revision and abolition of laws and deliberation with respect to bills related to mental illness, investigated the roles and functions of public psychiatric hospitals and analysed the causal relationship between the revision of laws related to mental illness and social incident.

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Livianos, Lorenzo, Andrea Sánchez, Pilar Sierra, and Luis Rojo. "600 years of psychiatric hospital records – psychiatry in history." British Journal of Psychiatry 217, no. 5 (October 26, 2020): 651. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2020.110.

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Farid, B. T., R. H. Bird, and B. Naik. "Alcohol and smoking history on admission to a psychiatric hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 7 (July 1998): 432–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.7.432.

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This is a retrospective study of 173 consecutive admissions to a general psychiatric hospital. The aim was to establish the frequency and adequacy with which alcohol and tobacco use were recorded. Regarding alcohol, in 41% of the notes there was no adequate quantitative history, in 29.5% there was a descriptive mention and in 29.5% no history was recorded. Female patients were less likely to have an alcohol history taken than male patients. With tobacco, in 64% of the notes there was an adequate quantitative history, in 6.4% there was a descriptive comment and in 28.9% no history was recorded. It is to be stressed to all doctors that an assessment of alcohol and tobacco use should be made for every patient, whatever their age, gender or ethnic origin.

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Rollin, Henry R. "Horton Hospital, Epsom – the Royal connection." Psychiatric Bulletin 16, no. 12 (December 1992): 791–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.16.12.791.

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The history of Horton Hospital is best seen in the context of the socio-economic history of the late 19th century. London, as a result of the Industrial Revolution, had grown enormously so that the existing metropolitan mental hospitals could no longer cope with sheer numbers of mentally disordered arising within its boundaries. The Metropolitan Asylums Board, whose responsibility it then was, looked for suitable land within easy – but not too easy – reach of London. Epsom at the turn of the century was an exceedingly fashionable area boasting a number of large and elegant “Derby Houses” (some of which still exist, although now put to rather more plebeian use) to which the aristocratic racing fraternity transferred themselves for the races. It was known that this wealthy and influential body would oppose the sale of the private estate of Sir Thomas Powell Buxton in the parish of Horton, roughly one square mile in size, for the purpose of building mental hospitals. What added even more bitterness to the pill was that the hospitals were to house “pauper lunatics”, a sobriquet with obviously undesirable social connotations. The negotiations for the sale were carried out in secrecy and the fait accompli, when it was announced, created an outcry. But it was too late. In retaliation the “toffs of the turf” including, ironically perhaps, the Royal Family, transferred their establishments and training facilities mainly to Newmarket which grew in importance as Epsom declined.

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Jones, E., and S. Rahman. "Framing Mental Illness, 1923-1939: The Maudsley Hospital and its Patients." Social History of Medicine 21, no. 1 (March 11, 2008): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/shm/hkm115.

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Grob, Gerald N. "Gracefully insane: The rise and fall of America's premier mental hospital." Journal of the History of the Behavioral Sciences 39, no. 1 (2003): 96–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhbs.10069.

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Jamieson, Liz, and Pamela J. Taylor. "Mental disorder and perceived threat to the public: people who do not return to community living." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 5 (November 2002): 399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.5.399.

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BackgroundIn the UK, people with mental disorder thought to pose a high risk of harm to others are usually put in a high-security (special) hospital. Little is known about what happens after that.AimsTo test a hypothesis that, under current services and laws (from the mid-1980s), no one leaving high-security hospitals remains indefinitely institutionalised.MethodThe special hospitals' case register was used for case ascertainment and admission data; post-discharge data were collected from multiple sources on patients discharged in 1984 (census date 31.12.1995).ResultsIn this discharge cohort (n=223), 36 (17%) did not return to the community: 17 died in special hospital and 19 continuously lived in other institutions until death or the census date. Over two-thirds of these had mental illness, were older on admission and had lived longer in special hospital than their better-rehabilitated peers. Offending history was irrelevant to this. Most post-discharge institution time was in open psychiatric hospital, or back in special hospital, not in medium secure units or prison.ConclusionsThe hypothesis was not sustained, but fewer people never reached the community than before the mid-1980s. Atypical antipsychotics might reduce this number. We found no justification for a new tier of long-term medium secure units.

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O'Connor, Art, and Helen O'Neill. "Male prison transfers to the Central Mental Hospital, a special hospital (1983–1988)." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 7, no. 2 (September 1990): 118–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0790966700016645.

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AbstractDuring the course of imprisonment, whether on remand or when serving a sentence, people sometimes need to be transferred to a psychiatric hospital. In Ireland the only psychiatric hospital a person can be transferred to is the Central Mental Hospital (CMH).We describe 627 prison transfers to the CMH between 1983 and 1988. The number each year varied from 99 in 1983 to 127 in 1988. The percentage on remand varied from 49% in 1984 to 31% in 1987 and 1986. The average age of sentenced prisoners was 28 years and 35 years in the case of those on remand. The diagnostic categories were as follows: Schizophrenia (31%), Reactive Depression (23%), Personality Disorder (25%), Mania (5%), Drug and Alcohol (8%) and Mental Handicap (4%). The longest average stay in the hospital was seven weeks for Mania and the shortest was three weeks for Reactive Depression. The largest proportion on remand was for Mania (79%) followed by Schizophrenia (58%). We make recommendations about legislation and the role of the catchment area psychiatric hospital.

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Geddes, John R., and Robert E. Kendell. "Schizophrenic subjects with no history of admission to hospital." Psychological Medicine 25, no. 4 (July 1995): 859–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329170003511x.

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SYNOPSISIt has often been assumed that all subjects with schizophrenia will eventually be admitted to hospital and therefore little bias is introduced by restricting research to hospitalized subjects. Using the Lothian Psychiatric Case Register, 66 subjects were identified who had been diagnosed in Edinburgh as suffering from schizophrenia between 1978 and 1989 but had no history of hospital admission by December 1991. This represented an adjusted average of 6·7% of the estimated annual rate of first diagnosis of schizophrenia: the proportion of such patients did not change over the period. Using a case–control design, the index cases were compared with a control group of schizophrenic patients who had been admitted to hospital within 3 months of diagnosis. At the time of diagnosis, the cases were generally less disturbed with lower levels of violent behaviour and less evidence of neglect or hallucinations. They had a longer duration of illness prior to diagnosis, were more often diagnosed by a consultant and unemployed. In a follow-up study of the index cases, 59 (89%) were traced, of whom 6 (10%) were deceased. The outcome of the illness was heterogeneous although the course was often chronic. The general practitioner provided most of the care they received. The small proportion of such patients suggests that their exclusion from most published series does not seriously bias our picture of the natural history of schizophrenia. Moreover, as there was no increase in the proportion over the period, first admission rates for schizophrenia in Scotland are a reasonable approximation to incidence rates.

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Shubsachs, A. P. W., R. W. Huws, A. A. Close, E. P. Larkin, and J. Falvey. "Male Afro-Caribbean Patients Admitted to Rampton Hospital between 1977 and 1986 — A Control Study." Medicine, Science and the Law 35, no. 4 (October 1995): 336–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249503500412.

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All Afro-Caribbean patients admitted to the Mental Illness Division of Rampton Hospital (a Special Hospital) between 1977 and 1986 and a randomly selected control cohort of Non Afro-Caribbean patients admitted in the same period, were compared on a variety of sociodemographic, psychiatric, criminological, treatment and outcome variables. Significantly, fewer of the Afro-Caribbean patients attracted the legal classification of Psychopathic Disorder. Detailed analysis was thus restricted to mentally ill patients in the two ethnic groupings. Similarities outweighed differences. There was no difference between the groups in terms of index offence, previous custodial sentence, in-patient psychiatric admission (including previous Special Hospital admission), admission source, Mental Health Act section, length of admission (including readmission) to Special Hospitals, likelihood of discharge or place to which discharged. Medication history in Special Hospitals was similar at one year and three years after admission. Afro-Caribbean patients had a lower incidence of childhood institutional care, a decreased likelihood of a previous supervision order, an increased likelihood of a previous Court appearance and received higher doses of antipsychotic medication four weeks after admission to Special Hospital.

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Humaira, Humaira, Irwan Saputra, Nurjannah Nurjannah, and Said Usman. "Determinant Analysis of Restraint History and Length of Stay (LOS) of Patients with Schizophrenia in Aceh Mental Hospital 2018." Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanities and Social Sciences 3, no. 3 (July 29, 2020): 1635–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33258/birci.v3i3.1095.

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Schizophrenia is classified as serious mental illness (SMI) due to its chronicity. Rumah Sakit Jiwa (RSJ) Aceh is the only referral mental hospital in Aceh Province. The number of inpatient visits in 2018 with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is 2,083 (96.12%). The average length of stay is 59.76 days. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between history of restraint and the length of stay (LOS) of schizophrenic patients in the Aceh Mental Hospital in 2018. This study uses quantitative method. Secondary data is collected from the medical records of patients returning home in 2018. The study population was all schizophrenic patients who returned in 2018, thus using the total sampling method. The study reveals that history of restraint influences the length of stay (LOS) of schizophrenic patients in Aceh Mental Hospital in 2018. The patients with restraint history was treated longer that the patients without restraint. Restraint exacerbates the clinical symptoms of Schizophrenia and causes physical abnormalities such as wasting in the extremities so that more time is needed in treatment. To avoid the severity of clinical symptoms, extremities deformation and the length of stay, stakeholders need to take strategic steps to eradicate restraint as a method in the handling of people with mental disorders at the community level.

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Rollin, Henry R. "Sketches from the history of psychiatry." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 4 (April 1989): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.4.188.

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Kingstone, Edward. "Book Review: History of Psychiatry: TPH: History and Memories of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital, 1925–1966." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 43, no. 2 (March 1998): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379804300214.

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Mulligan, M., T. Maher, and J. V. Lucey. "A structured process for reviewing the operation of the Mental Health Act 2001 in an Irish mental health service." Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine 30, no. 2 (May 29, 2013): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ipm.2013.18.

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This paper provides a description of a structured template which allows review of the operation of the Mental Health Act 2001 at St Patrick's Mental Health Services (incorporating St Patrick's University Hospital, St Edmundsbury Hospital and Willow Grove Adolescent Unit). These structured processes were implemented to ensure rigorous monitoring of all clinical governance activities associated with adherence to the Mental Health Act (MHA) 2001. The paper describes in detail the information contained in the St Patrick's Mental Health Services dashboard for 2012. The dashboard displays the key performance indicators that are monitored and the paper describes how these were reviewed by the Hospital's Clinical Governance Committee on a weekly basis for the three approved centres. The dashboard has also been used by the Clinical Governance Committee to provide ongoing education and engagement with staff in order to improve the operation of the MHA 2001. The use of this structured monitoring process has allowed the hospital to measure adherence to the MHA 2001 and also to measure activities that impact directly on the care and treatment of patients detained under the Act. The use of structured monitoring tools (i.e. the dashboard) to review the operation of the MHA 2001 allows for coherent observation of key events and issues which can cause concern in terms of the operation of the Act.

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Purtle, Jonathan, Katherine L. Nelson, Nathaniel Z. Counts, and Michael Yudell. "Population-Based Approaches to Mental Health: History, Strategies, and Evidence." Annual Review of Public Health 41, no. 1 (April 2, 2020): 201–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094247.

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There is growing recognition in the fields of public health and mental health services research that the provision of clinical services to individuals is not a viable approach to meeting the mental health needs of a population. Despite enthusiasm for the notion of population-based approaches to mental health, concrete guidance about what such approaches entail is lacking, and evidence of their effectiveness has not been integrated. Drawing from research and scholarship across multiple disciplines, this review provides a concrete definition of population-based approaches to mental health, situates these approaches within their historical context in the United States, and summarizes the nature of these approaches and their evidence. These approaches span three domains: ( a) social, economic, and environmental policy interventions that can be implemented by legislators and public agency directors, ( b) public health practice interventions that can be implemented by public health department officials, and ( c) health care system interventions that can be implemented by hospital and health care system leaders.

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Sytema, S., R. Micciolo, and M. Tansella. "Service utilization by schizophrenic patients in Groningen and South-Verona: an event-history analysis." Psychological Medicine 26, no. 1 (January 1996): 109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700033754.

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SynopsisThe question addressed to in this paper is whether severely mentally ill patients are treated differently in a community mental health service without the back-up of a mental hospital (South-Verona, Italy) compared with an institution-based system in which mental hospitals, although highly modernized, are still predominant (Groningen, The Netherlands). Using the psychiatric case-registers in both areas, the patterns of care in 2 years of follow-up of schizophrenic patients were constructed. Survival analysis was used to analyse in-, day- and out-patient episodes of care. Three-quarters of the Groningen and half of the South-Verona patients experienced at least one episode of hospitalization; 20% of the Groningen and 5% of the South-Verona patients were long-stay patients at the end of the observation period. The South-Verona patients had more episodes of in-patient and especially of day-patient and out-patient care. Cox's regression showed that the duration of episodes controlled for the history of events and sociodemographic characteristics, was significantly shorter in South-Verona. One of the main conclusion was that hospitalizations for the severely mental ill are also needed in a community-based system of care, supporting the assumption of a ‘bed-rock’ of mental illness. However, the South-Verona community mental health service seems to be able to reduce the duration of hospitalizations considerably.

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Solomon, Sanford, James R. McCartney, Stephen M. Saravay, and Ellen Katz. "Postoperative hospital course of patients with history of severe psychiatric illness." General Hospital Psychiatry 9, no. 5 (September 1987): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(87)90073-9.

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Mistler, Lisa A., Dror Ben-Zeev, Elizabeth Carpenter-Song, Mary F. Brunette, and Matthew J. Friedman. "Mobile Mindfulness Intervention on an Acute Psychiatric Unit: Feasibility and Acceptability Study." JMIR Mental Health 4, no. 3 (August 21, 2017): e34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/mental.7717.

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Background Aggression and violence on acute psychiatric inpatient units is extensive and leads to negative sequelae for staff and patients. With increasingly acute inpatient milieus due to shorter lengths of stay, inpatient staff is limited in training and time to be able to provide treatments. Mobile technology provides a new platform for offering treatment on such units, but it has not been tested for feasibility or usability in this particular setting. Objective The aim of this study was to examine the feasibility, usability, and acceptability of a brief mindfulness meditation mobile phone app intended to reduce anger and aggression in acute psychiatric inpatients with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or bipolar disorder, and a history of violence. Methods Participants were recruited between November 1, 2015 and June 1, 2016. A total of 13 inpatients at an acute care state hospital carried mobile phones for 1 week and were asked to try a commercially available mindfulness app called Headspace. The participants completed a usability questionnaire and engaged in a qualitative interview upon completion of the 7 days. In addition, measures of mindfulness, state and trait anger, and cognitive ability were administered before and after the intervention. Results Of the 13 enrolled participants, 10 used the app for the 7 days of the study and completed all measures. Two additional participants used the app for fewer than 7 days and completed all measures. All participants found the app to be engaging and easy to use. Most (10/12, 83%) felt comfortable using Headspace and 83% (10/12) would recommend it to others. All participants made some effort to try the app, with 6 participants (6/12, 50%) completing the first 10 10-minute “foundation” guided meditations. Conclusions This is the first known study of the use of a commercially available app as an intervention on acute psychiatric inpatient units. Acutely ill psychiatric inpatients at a state hospital found the Headspace app easy to use, were able to complete a series of meditations, and felt the app helped with anxiety, sleep, and boredom on the unit. There were no instances of an increase in psychotic symptoms reported and there were no episodes of aggression or violence noted in the record.

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Shamash, Kim, George Ikkos, Shamil Wanigaratne, and Maurice Greenberg. "Psychiatric day hospital discharge summaries." Psychiatric Bulletin 13, no. 11 (November 1989): 609–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.13.11.609.

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With the increasing emphasis on community care (Turner, 1986) the psychiatric day hospital has been seen as an alternative (Tantam, 1985) or as a complement (Tyrer, 1985) to in-patient care. Associated with this is the development of new styles of working with patients such as the ‘multidisciplinary team’ with those looking after individual patients being referred to as ‘key workers’ (Watts & Bennett, 1983). In our day hospital the keyworker has considerable responsibility for history-taking, organising a treatment programme and communicating with other professionals, including writing the discharge summary.

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Digby, Anne. "Mental Health Care in Modern England: The Norfolk Lunatic Asylum, St Andrew's Hospital, 1810–1998." English Historical Review CXXI, no. 490 (February 1, 2006): 250–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cej035.

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Taylor, Barbara. "THE DEMISE OF THE ASYLUM IN LATE TWENTIETH-CENTURY BRITAIN: A PERSONAL HISTORY." Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 21 (November 4, 2011): 193–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0080440111000090.

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ABSTRACTMental health care in Britain was revolutionised in the late twentieth century, as a public asylum system dating back to the 1850s was replaced by a community-based psychiatric service. This paper examines this transformation through the lens of an individual asylum closure. In the late 1980s, I spent several months in Friern mental hospital in north-east London. Friern was the former Colney Hatch Asylum, one of the largest and most notorious of the great Victorian ‘museums of the mad’. It closed in 1993. The paper gives a detailed account of the hospital's closure, in tandem with my personal memories of life in Friern during its twilight days. Friern's demise occurred in an ideological climate increasingly hostile to welfare dependency. The transfer of mental health care from institution to community was accompanied by a new ‘recovery model’ for the mentally ill which emphasised economic independence and personal autonomy. Drawing on the Friern experience, the paper concludes by raising questions about the validity of this model and its implications for mental healthcare provision in twenty-first century Britain.

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Wilkinson, Greg. "Benjamin of Tudela, the Caliph of Baghdad and the first mental hospital – Psychiatry in history." British Journal of Psychiatry 215, no. 04 (September 24, 2019): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.181.

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PRIMROSE, D. A. A. "NATURAL HISTORY OF MENTAL DEFICIENCY IN A HOSPITAL GROUP AND IN THE COMMUNITY IT SERVES*." Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 10, no. 3 (June 28, 2008): 159–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.1966.tb00183.x.

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Nurse, Andrew. "Managing Madness: Weyburn Mental Hospital and the Transformation of Psychiatric Care in Canada." Canadian Historical Review 100, no. 4 (November 2019): 656–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/chr.100.4.br02.

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Biswas, Tanmay Prakash, Buran Uddin Haider, and Saroj Kumar Dass. "Selected Profile of Psychiatric Patients Admitted in a Specialized Hospital." KYAMC Journal 7, no. 2 (August 31, 2017): 770–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/kyamcj.v7i2.33836.

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The current study had been carried out on the admitted patients in Mental Hospital, Pabna who was admitted during the calendar year 2008. Mental patients having only psychotic type (major) of illness are admitted in this hospital. A total of 101 (one hundred and one) admitted patients were included in the study. Among them, male patients were 79 (78.22%) and females were 22 (21.78%). Their age ranges from 19 (nineteen) to 48 (forty eight). The mean age of the patients was 27.35. Among the respondents, 21 to 30 year age group population found suffering more (46.54%) in this study than other age group. The number of the first group people is a few which may be due to the small age span. More than half (55.45%) of the cases were unmarried. Secondary and Higher secondary educated people occupies more than half (57.43%) of the respondents. Illiterate group population occupies the third (12.87%) position. More than half ( 55.45%) of the cases do not have any job during the time of admission. About two-thirds (63.37%) of the cases were from rural background and more than half (58.42%) were diagnosed as Schizophrenics. Schizo- affective disorder (25.74%) occupies the second position so far the diagnosis of the respondents were concerned. Most of them (81.19%) did not give any positive family history of mental illness. More than two-thirds (66.34%) of the cases have given the history of taking mixed type of treatment before attending the OPD of Mental hospital, Pabna.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 770-774

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Zanello, Marc, Johan Pallud, Nicolas Baup, Sophie Peeters, Baris Turak, Marie Odile Krebs, Catherine Oppenheim, Raphael Gaillard, and Bertrand Devaux. "History of psychosurgery at Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France, through translational interactions between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons." Neurosurgical Focus 43, no. 3 (September 2017): E9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2017.6.focus17250.

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Sainte-Anne Hospital is the largest psychiatric hospital in Paris. Its long and fascinating history began in the 18th century. In 1952, it was at Sainte-Anne Hospital that Jean Delay and Pierre Deniker used the first neuroleptic, chlorpromazine, to cure psychiatric patients, putting an end to the expansion of psychosurgery. The Department of Neuro-psychosurgery was created in 1941. The works of successive heads of the Neurosurgery Department at Sainte-Anne Hospital summarized the history of psychosurgery in France.Pierre Puech defined psychosurgery as the necessary cooperation between neurosurgeons and psychiatrists to treat the conditions causing psychiatric symptoms, from brain tumors to mental health disorders. He reported the results of his series of 369 cases and underlined the necessity for proper follow-up and postoperative re-education, illustrating the relative caution of French neurosurgeons concerning psychosurgery.Marcel David and his assistants tried to follow their patients closely postoperatively; this resulted in numerous publications with significant follow-up and conclusions. As early as 1955, David reported intellectual degradation 2 years after prefrontal leucotomies.Jean Talairach, a psychiatrist who eventually trained as a neurosurgeon, was the first to describe anterior capsulotomy in 1949. He operated in several hospitals outside of Paris, including the Sarthe Psychiatric Hospital and the Public Institution of Mental Health in the Lille region. He developed stereotactic surgery, notably stereo-electroencephalography, for epilepsy surgery but also to treat psychiatric patients using stereotactic lesioning with radiofrequency ablation or radioactive seeds of yttrium-90.The evolution of functional neurosurgery has been marked by the development of deep brain stimulation, in particular for obsessive-compulsive disorder, replacing the former lesional stereotactic procedures.The history of Sainte-Anne Hospital’s Neurosurgery Department sheds light on the initiation—yet fast reconsideration—of psychosurgery in France. This relatively more prudent attitude toward the practice of psychosurgery compared with other countries was probably due to the historically strong collaboration between psychiatrists and neurosurgeons in France.

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Cesaro, Robert, and Laura Hirshbein. "The ambivalent role of the institution in the history of child and adolescent psychiatry: a case study of the Hawthorn Centre in Michigan, USA." History of Psychiatry 31, no. 4 (July 16, 2020): 440–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x20940668.

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Historians have examined the role of psychiatric institutions in the USA and addressed whether this form of care helped or harmed patients (depending on the perspective of the time period, historical actors, and historians). But the story for children’s mental institutions was different. At the time when adult institutions were in decline, children’s mental hospitals were expanding. Parents and advocates clamoured for more beds and more services. The decrease in facilities for children was more due to economic factors than ideological opposition. This paper explores a case study of a hospital in Michigan as a window into the different characteristics of the discussion of psychiatric care for children.

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Faisal, Hana Khairina Putri, Feni Fitriani Taufik, Tribowo Tuahta Ginting Sugihen, Prasenohadi, Tomu Juliani, and Faisal Yunus. "Brief psychotic disorder in COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness." Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 15, no. 06 (June 30, 2021): 787–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.14830.

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Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic affects mental health globally. Reports showed the increase of mental illness as a response to the COVID-19 pandemic. However, the correlation between the COVID-19 and mental illness is not fully understood yet. Methodology: We reported a brief psychotic disorder in a COVID-19 patient with no history of mental illness who was hospitalized in Persahabatan Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia. Results: Psychotic symptoms appeared five days after COVID-19 onset and laboratory tests showed elevated levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen. Conclusions: Elevated levels of d-dimer and fibrinogen suggest an ongoing COVID-19-associated coagulopathy that might cause a microdamage in the central nervous system. It might contribute to the manifestation of psychotic symptoms. The correlation between brief psychotic disorder and COVID-19 requires further investigation.

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Sfoggia, Ana, Marco Antonio Pacheco, and Rodrigo Grassi-Oliveira. "History of Childhood Abuse and Neglect and Suicidal Behavior at Hospital Admission." Crisis 29, no. 3 (May 2008): 154–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910.29.3.154.

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Suicide is a major public health problem. Preventive measures have been sought by identifying risk factors. This study evaluates the association of childhood abuse and neglect with suicidal behavior at the time of psychiatric hospital admission. A total of 120 subjects (72 females; mean age 42.5 ± 15.6 years old) admitted from August 2006 to July 2007 completed the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) to assess severity of exposure to childhood maltreatment. Thereof 62 (51.6%) patients presented with suicidal behavior at admission. Patients who had attempted suicide had significantly higher CTQ scores. Regression analysis indicated that shorter illness duration and severity of childhood maltreatment were predictors of suicidal behavior at admission. The study showed that inpatients of a psychiatric unit of a general hospital who experienced severe childhood abuse or neglect were significantly more likely to present with suicidal behavior. History of childhood maltreatment should be evaluated as an associated risk factor of suicidal behavior at admission of psychiatric inpatients.

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Hurrell, Rebecca, Ben J. Di Mambro, and Gillian A. Doody. "Impact of compulsory detention under the Mental Health Act 1983 on future visa and insurance applications." Psychiatrist 35, no. 1 (January 2011): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.029819.

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Aims and methodTo assess the extent to which psychiatric history, with specific regard to compulsory psychiatric admission, is questioned in visa, insurance and permit applications. Application forms for the top UK destinations for immigration, work and travel visas, six types of insurance, and driving, sporting and vocational permits were analysed.ResultsPsychiatric history is questioned in some applications across all visa types. Hospital admission, but not compulsory psychiatric admission, is questioned in some immigration visas. Psychiatric history is not questioned in mortgage protection, car or pet insurance but it is questioned in some travel, life and health insurance applications, as is hospital admission. The majority of permit applications questioned psychiatric history and one vocational permit considered compulsory psychiatric admission.Clinical implicationsThe majority of visa, insurance and permit application forms enquire about past medical and psychiatric history. Information concerning detention under the Mental Health Act is very rarely questioned, indicating that a direct link between detention and access restriction is not evident.

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Fan, Tingwei, Qing Hu, and Ming Liu. "Psychiatric wards of Soochow Elizabeth Blake Hospital (1898–1937): a missing piece in the history of modern Chinese psychiatry." History of Psychiatry 31, no. 2 (January 22, 2020): 163–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957154x19898998.

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The history of modern psychiatry in China began at the end of the nineteenth century, as a result of the work of missionaries. Soochow was one of the first cities to establish a hospital for the treatment of mental patients, but historians knew little about it. It provided a valuable service from 1898 to 1937. In the 1930s, there were 200 beds in the psychiatry and neurology section, making it the most influential psychiatric hospital in East China. After Soochow was occupied by the Japanese army in 1937, the hospital was destroyed and shut down.

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Collett‐White, James, and Kevin Ward. "Appraisal of mental hospital patient case files: The Bedfordshire record office experience." Journal of the Society of Archivists 15, no. 2 (September 1994): 181–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00379819409511745.

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Summers, J., and K. W. Brown. "Benzodiazepine prescribing in a psychiatric hospital." Psychiatric Bulletin 22, no. 8 (August 1998): 480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.22.8.480.

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Using a case note study, this paper presents a longitudinal survey of the effect of psychiatric inpatient care on benzodiazepine prescribing. Standards were proposed to assess the quality of this prescribing. Based on these standards, the study shows inappropriate use of benzodiazepines. Following admission, there was an increase in the number of patients prescribed benzodiazepines and in the number of benzodiazepines prescribed. Of the benzodiazepines withdrawn, most were contrary to the proposed standard. The quality of drug history showed little emphasis being placed on rationalising benzodiazepine prescribing. The issue of how benzodiazepines should be handled during psychiatric admission is discussed.

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King, Elizabeth, and Brian Barraclough. "Violent Death and Mental Illness." British Journal of Psychiatry 156, no. 5 (May 1990): 714–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.156.5.714.

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The names of 412 residents of the catchment population of a district general hospital unit who died potentially self-inflicted deaths in the eight years 1974–81 were identified. They were classified as suicide (245), accidental death (126), and undetermined (41). In each group, over half had a lifetime history of psychiatric treatment and over a third were psychiatric patients at the time of their death. The relative risk of a violent death for those who died within a year of their last psychiatric contact was 27 times greater than that of residents with no recent psychiatric contact. The relative risk was highest for those aged 35–44 and lowest for those of 75 years and over.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The history of the mental hospital'

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