Relevant bibliographies by topics / The ice load

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'The ice load'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 13 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The ice load"

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Blanchet, Denis. "Ice loads from first-year ice ridges and rubble fields." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 25, no. 2 (April 1, 1998): 206–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l97-073.

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A method for estimating global loads from consolidated first-year ice ridges and rubble fields on wide Arctic offshore vertical-sided structures is presented. The method utilizes full-scale global ice load measurements in the Arctic to represent the failure behavior of the consolidated layer and a Mohr-Coulomb approach for the remaining layers. By including full-scale data, the model can take into account the effects of scale and non-simultaneous failure of the consolidated ice layer across the structure width. The results are compared with those obtained from several other first-year ice ridge and rubble field load models.Key words: first-year ice ridges, rubble fields, ice load and pressure measurements, Arctic structures, ice load models.
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Aleksandrov, A., V. Platonov, and V. Shaposhnikov. "Ice going ships: speed vs ice load." Transactions of the Krylov State Research Centre 2, no. 388 (May 22, 2019): 69–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.24937/2542-2324-2019-2-388-69-76.

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TAKEUCHI, Takahiro, Mikio SASAKI, Satoshi AKAGAWA, Muneo KAWAMURA, Masafumi SAKAI, Hisao MATSUSHITA, Takashi TERASHIMA, Naoki NAKAZAWA, Nobuharu KIOKA, and Hiroshi SAEKI. "ICE LOAD OF MULTI ICE FAILURE ZONES." PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 15 (1999): 605–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.15.605.

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KIOKA, Shinji, and Takahiro TAKEUCHI. "ICE LOAD ON ICE BOOM CONSIDERING ROUGHNESS OF SEA ICE BOTTOM." Journal of Japan Society of Civil Engineers, Ser. B3 (Ocean Engineering) 67, no. 2 (2011): I_1021—I_1026. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jscejoe.67.i_1021.

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MAKITA, Shunsuke, Kunio ENOKI, Norihiro USAMI, Humihiro HARA, and Hirosi SAEKI. "MODE OF ICE LOAD ACTING ON ICE BOOM FOR ICE CONTROL." PROCEEDINGS OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE OCEAN 15 (1999): 623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/prooe.15.623.

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Kõrgesaar, Mihkel, Pentti Kujala, and Jani Romanoff. "Load carrying capacity of ice-strengthened frames under idealized ice load and boundary conditions." Marine Structures 58 (March 2018): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marstruc.2017.10.011.

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Dong, Jiwu, Zhijun Li, Peng Lu, Qing Jia, Guoyu Wang, and Guangwei Li. "Design ice load for piles subjected to ice impact." Cold Regions Science and Technology 71 (February 2012): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coldregions.2011.11.002.

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Comfort, G., Y. Gong, S. Singh, and R. Abdelnour. "Static ice loads on dams." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (February 1, 2003): 42–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l02-080.

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A 9 year field program was undertaken from 1991–1992 to 1999–2000 to (i) measure the loads in the ice sheet near a dam, (ii) measure the load distribution between a gate and a pier, and (iii) compare the loads on wooden and steel stoplogs. Parallel work was conducted to develop analytical predictors for ice loads. Much progress has been made. One of the most significant findings has been to identify the importance of water level changes on the resulting ice loads. Ice loads are much higher and more variable (compared to purely thermal loads) when significant, but not excessive, water level changes occur. Methods have been developed to predict the ice load. The algorithms predict thermal loads well. They are less accurate for loads produced by a combination of water level and ice temperature changes. An environmental model was developed, and the predictions using the model compare well with the measured data. Hindcast analyses were carried out to evaluate the distribution of expected ice temperature changes and thermal events. With respect to the loads on gates and stoplogs, an analytical method was developed to extend the results obtained in this project to other stoplog or gate configurations (i.e., spans, flexural rigidities, etc.) and pier lengths.Key words: ice loads, dam(s).
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Kim, Young-Shik, Jin-Ha Kim, Kuk-Jin Kang, Solyoung Han, and Jinwhan Kim. "Ice Load Generation in Time Domain Based on Ice Load Spectrum for Arctic Offshore Structures." Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology 32, no. 6 (December 31, 2018): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.26748/ksoe.2018.32.6.411.

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Wang, Jungyong, Ayhan Akinturk, and Neil Bose. "Numerical Prediction of Propeller Performance During Propeller-Ice Interaction." Marine Technology and SNAME News 46, no. 03 (July 1, 2009): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/mtsn.2009.46.3.123.

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The aim of the present study was to predict propeller performance during propeller-ice interaction. Total loads acting on a propeller blade during propeller-ice interaction were assumed to consist of three major components: separable hydrodynamic loads, inseparable hydrodynamic loads, and ice milling loads. A panel method and an empirical formula were used for the hydrodynamic load calculations and the ice contact load calculations, respectively. This empirical model was implemented into a numerical panel code. The numerical prediction model for the ice loads including the detailed implementation is described, and the results are compared with experimental results.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The ice load"

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Bjerkås, Morten. "Ice Actions on Offshore Structures – With Applications of Continuous Wavelet Transforms on Ice Load Signals." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Civil and Transport Engineering, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1576.

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Ice actions on offshore structures are one of the main concerns for engineering activities in cold areas with ice-infested waters. This thesis deals with three aspects of ice actions, namely design ice loads from level ice, dynamic ice actions of resonant character, and the actions caused by ridged ice.

Ice pressures on full-scale structures have been summarized in the present work. The scatter in reported values has been partly explained by categorization with respect to the applied measuring devices, structural characteristics and geographical locations. An existing design code was found to fit well for the widest structures and dramatically over-predict ice loads for structures of widths less than four metres. The present work was concerned with the analyses of full-scale data from the Norströmsgrund lighthouse conducted in the LOLEIF and STRICE projects (1999-2003). Analyses of time records from ice crushing indicate that the effective structural width should not be reduced from full width when predicting design ice loads.

New applications of continuous wavelet transforms have been presented using the Morlet wavelet for the detection of intervals with ice loads of resonant character. The typical length of intervals with ice-induced structural vibrations appeared to be from 1.9-8.6 seconds; however, one interval lasting for 80 seconds was also detected. Ice loads of resonant character were found to occur more frequently warmer the ice. A critical speed was also found. This critical speed seemed to be higher the thicker the ice. Studies of the initial phase of intervals with ice-induced vibrations also revealed two mechanisms that could cause steady-state vibrations, namely circumferential cracking and internal cracking.

Fourteen incidents of ice ridge actions on the Norströmsgrund lighthouse were selected to reveal more details about actions from ridged ice to a vertical structure. A keel-to-sail ratio of 8.2 was estimated with a keel depth evolution of -0.04 m/day during a period from 3 March to 4 April, 2002. Four different failure modes were detected together with an insignificant influence from the increasing keel depth on the highest measured loads.

In-situ and laboratory measurements were conducted on ridged and level ice from the Barents Sea and the Van Mijen fjord on Svalbard where the level ice generally was found to be stronger than consolidated ice in ridges. Vertical samples with ice columns in the loading direction were found to be stronger than horizontal samples. Consolidated ice from ridges had an equal hardness to level ice, but was harder than ice rubble.


Paper 1 reprinted with kind permission of Elsevier, sciencedirect.com
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Grozdek, Marino. "Load Shifting and Storage of Cooling Energy through Ice Bank or Ice Slurry Systems modelling and experimental analysis /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för industriell teknik och management, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11119.

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Nugroho, Widijanto Satyo. "Waves generated by a load moving on an ice sheet over water." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp03/NQ32720.pdf.

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Karampour, Mazyar. "MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF ICE RINK HEAT LOADS." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61330.

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Ice rinks are among the most energy intensive public buildings in developed and developing countries. According to a research on Swedish ice rinks; a typical ice rink consumes approximately 1185 MWh/year which leads to more than 300 GWh/year for the 342 Swedish indoor ice rinks. The refrigeration system is usually the largest consumer by 43% average share of the total energy consumption.  To decrease the refrigeration system energy demand, there are a variety of energy efficiency techniques known and available but the key to select the best ones is finding the major heat loads on the ice sheet and refrigeration system, which is unique for each ice rink. To fulfil this objective and in addition to review literature, this study has two main approaches. The first approach is to measure and evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system in two ice rinks, called Norrtälje and Älta. The estimated cooling capacity is approximately equal to the total heat load on the ice plus the heat gains in the distribution system. This goal has been accomplished by using a performance analyser called “ClimaCheck” which is based on an “internal method” because it uses the compressor as an internal mass flow meter and consequently, there is no need for an external one. The refrigerant mass flow rate is calculated by an energy balance over the compressor. By knowing the mass flow, enthalpy of the refrigerant, etc. the cooling capacity and COP of the system can be calculated. While the total heat load is known by the first approach, the second approach tries to discover different heat loads shares by analytical modelling. The measured physical and thermodynamical parameters plus the ice rink geometrical characteristics are input to the heat transfer correlations to estimate the heat load magnitude. The results of the measurements show that the total energy consumption in Norrtälje is about two third of Älta. The main reasons for this less energy consumption are smarter control systems for compressors and pumps, better ventilation distribution design and 1°C-2°C higher ice temperature.      Analytical modelling for a sample day has estimated that about 84% of the total heat loads is originated from the heat loads on ice sheet while the distribution system causes the remaining 16%. Moreover, calculations show that convection plus small portion of condensation (altogether 36%), radiation (23%), ice resurfacing (14%) and lighting (7%) are the largest heat loads in winter while in summer condensation is another significant heat load (10%). Comparing two six-hour periods, one without ice resurfacing and four resurfacings in the second one, 30% more cooling demand has been calculated for the second period. Furthermore, it has been shown that the evaporator to brine is the contributor for 66% of the heat transfer resistances from ice to evaporator while brine to bottom ice and bottom to top ice accounts for 27% and 7% respectively. To conclude, a parallel “performance analysis of the refrigeration system” and “heat loads estimation” proves to be a useful tool for adopting proper design and control for energy efficient operation.
Stoppsladd financed by Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) and Swedish Ice Hockey Association
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Xiao, Jing. "Damage and fracture of brittle viscoelastic solids with application to ice load models." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0019/NQ47510.pdf.

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Moores, Corwyn E. W. "Shaft and blade load measurements on a highly skewed propeller model in ice." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/MQ62405.pdf.

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Sundin, Eva. "Atmospheric icing : failure studies and ice load predictions on masts by weather station data." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, 1995. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-17222.

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Khalid, Waqas. "Energy Usage prediction model comparing Indoor Vs. Outdoor Ice Rinks." Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-91164.

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Indoor ice rinks use 1091 MWh per annum for ice hockey based on statistics from over 100 Swedish ice rinks (Stoppsladd, 2011).The refrigeration system contributes 35 to75%( (Rogstam, 2010) of total energy usage in ice rinks with average value of 43% (Stoppsladd, 2010) for indoor to 75% for outdoor ice rinks. The basic aim of project is to reduce energy consumption in Swedish ice rinks and scope is for indoor and outdoor ice rinks in cold and mild summer climatic conditions like Sweden. To achieve target of energy reduction in ice rinks actual heat loads on outdoor bandy ice rink are being estimated along with performance analysis of refrigeration machine. The refrigeration system, heat loads on ice surface and their correlation is studied and analyzed in detail for Norrtälje Outdoor bandy ice rink for four warm days and whole season 2010-2011. The tricky and significant task of validation of input climate data for accurate heat loads calculations is completed with Swedish Metrological & Hydrological (SMHI) climate model data, correlations and related web based geographical data. The heat loads (conductive, convective and radiant) on outdoor bandy ice rink are calculated through thermodynamic relations with validated input climate data and measurements where as refrigeration system performance is monitored and analyzed with ClimaCheck(CC) instrumentation. The average cooling capacity is calculated for four warm days by CC internal method and actual cooling energy produced is obtained by practically assumed COP of system with aid of MYCOM compressor software. The cooling capacity and heat loads on ice surface are compared and analyzed considering energy usage affecting parameters and weather parameters like temperature, wind speed, relative humidity and solar load. The convection and condensation are contributing 75%, radiation 18%, ice resurfacing 4% and ground and header heat gain 3% to total heat loads on ice sheet for whole season. The deviation between total cooling energy produced by refrigeration machine and total heat load energy is found 19% and 27% for four warm days and whole season 2010-2011.The deviation is due to overestimation of heat losses from compressor’s body, compressor’s on and off operations, overestimated radiation heat load due to unmeasured negative radiation and lack of actual ice resurfacing heat load evaluation. The developed model in MS Excel allows comparison of field climate data with SMHI model data, indoor and outdoor ice rinks in terms of predicted energy usage by refrigeration system and in total and acts as decision tool to choose for building an indoor/outdoor ice rink.
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Mengistu, Meron Mulatu. "Study of Solar Cooling Alternatives for Residential Houses in Bahir dar city :." Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-63419.

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The energy consumption rate of non-OECD countries rises about 2.3 percent per year as compared to the energy consumption rate of OECD countries which is 0.6 percent. If developing countries use energy efficient technology and integrate renewable energy systems in the new building their carbon dioxide emission rate reduces by 25 to 44 percent.  However, even now, renewable energy integrated buildings are hardly considered while constructing them.   This thesis work focuses on the study of solar cooling system options for residential house in Bahir Dar city. To meet the demand of housing in the city, different type of apartments and villa houses are under construction.  Case study was made focusing on two types of residential houses (condominium apartment and Impact Real-estate Villa house) to determine the cooling load and to select cooling system.   Simulation results of IDA ICE software show that the average operative temperatures and cooling loads for condominium apartment and Real-estate Vila are 31.8oC and 30.7oC, 5.53 kW and 5.73 kW respectively. Most of the residences are not satisfied at this operating temperature.   There are different types of solar cooling systems.  Solar Sorption cooling systems are commonly used which can also be classified in to absorption, adsorption and desiccant cooling systems.  Solar adsorption cooling systems are easy to manufacture locally as compared to solar absorption cooling systems. They do not have moving parts. Some of the working medium pairs used in adsorption cooling system are: Activated Carbon/Ammonia, Silica gel/ water, Zeolite/water. Adsorption chillier with Silica gel/ water as a working pair was selected since it can operate at regeneration/desorption temperature as low as 45oC coming from flat plate collectors.  At 75oC regeneration temperature, the system delivers 9oC chilled water temperature.   The selected solar adsorption chiller has been compared with kerosene based adsorption cooling system using HOMER software.  In this project, the optimization was limited on cost comparison between the two energy sources.  The solar based cooling system has lower working cost.   From cooling load simulation result direct solar irradiation is the highest source of cooling load for both houses. This gives an opportunity for passive solar cooling technology.
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Zuwak, Imal, and Wasseem Kordoghly. "Numerical study of the effect of thermal ice loads on concrete dams." Thesis, KTH, Betongbyggnad, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-278545.

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It is essential to understand the mechanics of ice load and how it affects concrete dams located in a cold climate, such as Sweden, where the temperature becomes sufficiently cold to freeze the surface of the reservoir. The purpose of this thesis is to study ice load distribution along concrete dams, and its response during the application of an ice load. Two types of concrete dams were analysed, an arch dam and a buttress dam. For these dams, the influence from different parameters on the ice load distribution along the dams is studied. In addition to this, a study on how the ice load affects dam stability had also been performed. Stability analyses based on the finite element method were performed using both linear and nonlinear formulation of the interaction behaviour between the base of the dam and the underlying rock. A parametric study of ice sheet expansion on different dam types and geometries were performed. The expansion of the ice sheet was assumed to either be caused by a constant temperature 15 ˚C uniformly distributed over the ice thickness, or by a temperature gradient from 15 ˚C at the top surface of the ice sheet and 0 ˚C at the bottom. The parametric study also includes an investigation about influence of the shape of the reservoir beaches, where it either had a perpendicular shape towards the surface of the dam, or it had an angle of 30˚ with the dam surface. In the linear stability analysis, the structure continued to deform with increasing of the resultant pressure until it reached nonlinearity. The dam deflection had a linear relation with the applied ice load force until it reached the point when structure behaviour was nonlinear. The structure failed due to sliding, overturning or combination of both sliding and overturning. A material failure can also occur if the nonlinear material behaviour is considered, however this was not considered in this study. The parametric study showed that the ice load distribution was less near the beaches, and the distribution of the load on the concrete dam was higher near the top surface of the ice sheet. It was also shown in the study that the distribution of the ice load along the dam was as a cosine function where it had the maximum value at the buttress and the minimum at monolith connections. The result also showed that the load distribution over the thickness of the ice sheet was the same along the dam, regardless of the shape of the beaches or the length of the ice sheet.
Det är viktigt att förstå hur islasten beter sig och hur den påverkar betongdammar som är belägna i kallt klimat, som t.ex. Sverige, där temperaturen blir tillräckligt låg för att frysa ytvattnet i en flod. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att studera isbelastningsfördelningen längs en betongdamm och dess respons under en belastningen. Två olika typer av betongdammar har analyserats, vilka är valvdamm samt lamelldamm. För dessa, studerades det hur olika parametrar påverkar lastfördelningen från istrycket längsmed dessa dammar. Slutligen har det studerats hur islasten påverkar dammsäkerheten och risken för dammbrott. Inverkan från interaktionen mellan dammen och det underliggande berget som linjär eller olinjärt har studerats i stabilitetsanalyser baserade på finita elementmetoden. En parameterstudie har också genomförts för olika dammtyper och geometrier där islasten orsakades av en expansion av isytan. Denna expansion antogs vara orsakad av antingen av en jämn fördelad temperatur över istjockleken på 15 ˚C, eller en temperaturgradient över istjockleken med +15 ˚C på den övre ytan och 0 °C vid isens bottenyta. Den parametriska studien beaktar även inverkan från utformningen av stränderna, där den har definierats som antingen vinkelrät mot dammen eller med en lutande vinkel på 30 grader. I fallet med linjära stabilitetsanalyser kommer konstruktionen att fortsätta att deformeras som ett resultat av ökande resulterande tryckkraft. Dammens deformation har ett linjärt förhållande med den applicerade islasten till dess att den når en punkt då strukturens beteende övergå till olinjärt. Strukturens brottmod kan uppstå på grund av glidning, stjälpning eller i en kombination av både glidning och stjälpning. materialbrott kan uppstå om icke-lineariteterna beaktas. Dammen gick till brott på grund av glidning, vältning eller i kombinationen av dessa då. Materialbrott kan uppstå om icke-linjära materialmodeller inkluderas, men detta beaktades dock ej i denna studie. Den parametriska studien visar att isbelastningen är mindre nära stränderna och att belastningen på betongdammen är högre vid isens ovanyta. Studien visar att islastfördelningen längsmed dammen liknar en cosinusfunktion som når sitt maximum vid stödskivan och sitt minimum vid monolitanslutningen. Resultatet visar även att islastfördelningen genom islastens tjocklek har samma form längsmed dammen oavsett utformningen av stränder eller istäckets längd.
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Books on the topic "The ice load"

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Kajaste-Rudnitski, Juri. Viscoelastic approach to the ice load evaluation. Espoo: Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1985.

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PERD Workshop on New Ice Load Models (1991 Calgary, Alta.). Proceedings of the PERD Workshop on New Ice Load Models. Calgary: National Energy Board, 1992.

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Wollenburg, Ingo. Sedimenttransport durch das arktische Meereis : die rezente lithogene und biogene Materialfracht =: Sediment transport by Arctic Sea ice : the recent load of lithogenic and biogenic material. Bremerhaven: Alfred-Wegener-Institut fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, 1993.

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Foley, Gaelen. Lord of ice. New York: Random House Large Print, 2003.

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Foley, Gaelen. Lord of ice. London: Piatkus, 2011.

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Squire, Vernon A. Moving Loads on Ice Plates. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996.

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Squire, Vernon A., Roger J. Hosking, Arnold D. Kerr, and Patricia J. Langhorne. Moving Loads on Ice Plates. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1649-4.

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ill, Manchess Gregory, ed. Nanuk, lord of the ice. Shoreham, NY: Ballyhoo BookWorks, 2005.

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ill, Manchess Gregory, ed. Nanuk, lord of the ice. New York: Dial Books for Young Readers, 1998.

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Esa, Eranti. Dynamic ice structure interaction: Theory and applications. Espoo, Finland: VTT, Technical Research Centre of Finland, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "The ice load"

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Fan, Wen Xin, Wei Dong Song, and Jian Guo Ning. "Critical Load between Sea Ice and Sea Structure." In Fracture and Strength of Solids VI, 715–20. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-989-x.715.

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Ding, Shifeng, Li Zhou, Gu Yingjie, Chenkang Zhong, and Jing Cao. "Study on the dynamical structural response under ice load with different ice conditions." In Developments in Maritime Technology and Engineering, 453–59. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003216582-51.

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Li, Peng, Yuanli Kang, Yupeng Song, Xunan He, and Zuoming Qu. "Design and Verification of Thermal Load for Electrothermal Ice Protection System." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 548–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-3305-7_45.

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Balaprakash, Prasanna, Yuri Alexeev, Sheri A. Mickelson, Sven Leyffer, Robert Jacob, and Anthony Craig. "Machine-Learning-Based Load Balancing for Community Ice Code Component in CESM." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 79–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-17353-5_7.

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Părău, Emilian, and Frédéric Dias. "Waves Due to a Steadily Moving Load on a Floating Ice Plate." In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 229–36. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0796-2_28.

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Ivins, Erik R., Carol A. Raymond, and Thomas S. James. "Late-Pleistocene, Holocene and present-day ice load evolution in the Antarctic Peninsula: Models and predicted vertical crustal motion." In Ice Sheets, Sea Level and the Dynamic Earth, 133–55. Washington, D. C.: American Geophysical Union, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gd029p0133.

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Sigmundsson, Freysteinn, Fabien Albino, Peter Schmidt, Björn Lund, Virginie Pinel, Andrew Hooper, and Carolina Pagli. "Multiple Effects of Ice Load Changes and Associated Stress Change on Magmatic Systems." In Climate Forcing of Geological Hazards, 108–23. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118482698.ch5.

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Plaksin, A. M., Z. V. Almetova, and A. E. Popov. "Method and Means for Shutting Off Individual Cyclic Feeds of ICE and Their Use for Measuring ICE Speed and Load Characteristics." In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial Engineering, 2175–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95630-5_234.

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Squire, Vernon A., Roger J. Hosking, Arnold D. Kerr, and Patricia J. Langhorne. "Experiments Involving Moving Loads." In Moving Loads on Ice Plates, 159–98. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1649-4_6.

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Squire, Vernon A., Roger J. Hosking, Arnold D. Kerr, and Patricia J. Langhorne. "Implications and Conclusions." In Moving Loads on Ice Plates, 199–212. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1649-4_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "The ice load"

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Mejlaender-Larsen, M., and H. Nyseth. "Ice Load Monitoring." In Vessels Operating in Low Temperature Environments 2007. RINA, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.lt.2007.07.

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Nyseth, Håvard, Anders Hansson, and Johan Johansson Iseskär. "Station Keeping Trials in Ice: Ice Load Monitoring System." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-78709.

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In connection with the Statoil SKT project, DNV GL have developed a method for estimating ice loads on the ship hull structure and mooring tension of the anchor handling tug supply (AHTS) vessel Magne Viking by full scale measurements. In March 2017, the vessel was equipped with an extensive measurement system as a preparation for the dedicated station-keeping trial in drifting ice in the Bay of Bothnia. Data of the ice impacts acting on the hull were collected over the days of testing together with several other parameters from the ship propulsion system. Whilst moored, the tension in the mooring chain was monitored via a load cell and logged simultaneously to the other parameters. This paper presents the processes involved in developing the measurement concept, including the actual installation and execution phases. The basic philosophy behind the system is described, including the methods used to design an effective measurement arrangement, and develop procedures for estimation of ice loads based on strain measurements. The actual installation and the process of obtaining the recorded data sets are also discussed.
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Jo, Y., J. Choi, S. Park, J. Lee, H. Ki, and S. Han. "Comparison Study Between Design Ice Load and Actual Measured Ice Load During Ice Trial of Arctic LNG Carrier." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29111-ms.

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Cahay, Marc, Brian A. Roberts, Sami Sadouni, Pierre-Antoine Béal, Cyril Septseault, Zoran Mravak, and Claudie Benoit. "Ice Load Calculation on Semi-Submersible Platform." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61903.

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In 2012 TechnipFMC, Cervval and Bureau Veritas initiated a common development program to offer a new tool for the design of offshore structures interacting with ice combining a variety of models and approaches. This numerical tool called Ice-MAS (www.ice-mas.com) is using a multi-agent technology and has the possibility to combine in a common framework multiple phenomena from various natures and heterogeneous scales (i.e. drag, friction, ice-sheet bending failure, local crushing and rubble stack up). It can simulate the ice loadings of a drifting ice-sheet (including ridge or not) on predefined structures such as conical, cylindrical, sloping & vertical wall, artificial islands or more complex geometry by user input file like semi-submersible floaters with pontoon and columns allowing to obtain the detailed results on the different parts of the structure. This paper presents the overall functionalities of Ice-MAS and the different possibilities to model a semi-submersible floater. It will focus on the results obtained for different geometries subject to ice sheet loading through different incidence angles. The issues related to the anchoring of the platform are addressed in a simplified way.
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Luping, Liu, Li Xin, Wu Xiao, and Wu Bo. "Ice Model Tests for Semi-Submersible Platforms in Pack Ice Conditions." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95786.

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Abstract As development of the Arctic grows in intensity, semi-submersible platforms are one of promising type of offshore structures used for arctic oil exploitation. Generally a good ice management is equipped by a moored floating platform to reduce ice loads to manageable levels, thus the most common scenario for a polar operating semi-submersible platform is pack ice conditions. The resistance test of a 4-columns structure is performed in a normal towing tank in China using synthetic non-refrigerated material with similar density to model sea ice. Three component load cells on top of each column and a batch of single component load cells embedded in the surface of the columns near the waterline are used to measure indirect and direct ice loads on the structures. The effects of a series of parameters such as column shapes, orientations, column spacing ratios, ice floe shapes, ice drift speeds and ice concentrations are analyzed.
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Teo, Fwu Chyi, Leong Hien Poh, and Sze Dai Pang. "Breaking Load of Thick Ice on Sloping Structures." In ASME 2016 35th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2016-54397.

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Sloping-sided structures have been used in ice-infested waters to reduce ice loads by inducing flexural failure in the incoming level ice, which can be a fraction of the crushing load of the same level ice on vertical walls [1]. Croasdale’s model [2] has been widely used to predict this type of ice loading, which compares well with available field data, such as that measured at the Confederation Bridge [3]. In Croasdale’s formulation, the problem is idealized as a semi-infinite beam on an elastic foundation and neglects the effects of second-order bending and the edge moment arising from eccentricity of axial loadings, i.e. the distance between the point of ice-structure contact and the centroidal axis of the beam. For thin ice, the edge moment effect is indeed negligible due to the small moment arm. However, the edge moment influence on the structural load increases with the ice thickness, as reported in [4]. This suggests that Croasdale’s model may be inadequate for ice thickness beyond a certain threshold. In this paper, we focus on the plane breaking load of thick ice, taking into account the second order bending of the beam as well as the edge moment effect. We also account for the local crushing of level ice that comes into contact with the sloping structure, which creates a surface parallel to the slope prior to the bending failure of ice sheet. This local crushing is assumed to occur until a sufficient surface area is created to provide the bearing capacity required to induce bending failure in the beam. As a result, the eccentricity of axial loading is reduced, lowering the effects of the edge moment and consequently, the predicted load. Taking the above effects into account, the governing equation and the corresponding deflection equation of the refined model are reformulated, and the system of non-linear equations solved with numerically with the Newton-Raphson method. Additionally, the competition between different failure modes, i.e. flexural, crushing and shear, of a level ice encountering a sloping structure is briefly investigated. It is shown that flexural failure remains the dominant mode of failure even for thick ice, for various practical slope angles, ice material properties and ice-structure contact properties.
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Kim, Young-Shik, Yun-Ho Kim, Hyung-Do Song, Jin-Ho Jang, Solyoung Han, Joosung Kim, Hyunjoe Kim, and Marc Cahay. "Evaluation of the Ice Load Acting on an Arctic Offshore Structure With Different Ice Drifting Angle." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18828.

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Abstract In this study, an evaluation method and results for ice load acting on an Arctic offshore structure with various ice drifting angles are discussed. Korea Research Institute of Ships and Ocean Engineering (KRISO) has conducted a research project to develop a hull form design for year-round floating type offshore structures in the Arctic condition with dynamic positioning and mooring system. Six cooperating organizations participated in the project: Samsung Heavy Industry, Korean Register, Pusan National University, Korea Maritime & Ocean University, Dong-Eui University, and Inha Technical College. In the design stage of an Arctic offshore structure, ice load consideration is the key component for the safety and reliability analysis. However, there is no generally used tool for evaluation of ice load acting on an Arctic offshore structures. In this study, ice loads acting on an Arctic FPSO in managed ice conditions with various ice drifting angles are examined by experimental methodology. Dramatic mean value changes in ice load with different ice drifting angles are observed in the model test. This experimental ice load evaluation method can be applied to the other types of offshore structure which might operate in sea ice condition.
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Maattanen, Pirjo, Samuli Hanninen, and Torsten Heideman. "Propulsion System Ice Load Measurements Onboard IB Polaris." In OTC Arctic Technology Conference. Offshore Technology Conference, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/29119-ms.

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Guo-ming Ma, Cheng-rong Li, Jian Jiang, Ying-ting Luo, and Yang-chun Cheng. "Optical measurement of ice load on transmission lines." In 2010 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2010.5724037.

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Yang, Dongping, and Guoming Chen. "Environment Load Model of Platform Ice-Induced Fatigue Based on Ice-Induced Vibration Form." In ASME 2010 29th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2010-20197.

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At present, it is immature to precisely evaluate the ice-induced fatigue life of platform. One of the key problems for accurate estimation of the ice-induced fatigue life is to establish the rational ice load model. A new method of establishing the environment load model to evaluate the ice-induced fatigue life is put forward based on the two basic vibration forms that are structure resonance and non-resonance existing in the ice-induced platform. Compared with the traditional classification method for ice-induced conditions, not only the ice thickness and the ice velocity of corresponding ice zone will be thought as the important influencing factors, but also the platform natural vibration characteristics will be considered in this method. Finally, based on this method, the environment load model of ice zone No.4 in China’s Bohai Sea is established to do the simulation test of node’s fatigue stress of one platform in this sea area. The results show that the bending stress can’t be ignored in the vulnerability analysis of the dynamic response of the ice-induced platform; the relation between the natural vibration frequency and the period of the ice broken must be considered to classify the work condition in the estimation of the platform ice-induced fatigue; the result can’t be guaranteed determinately more secure when the ice-induced fatigue analysis is conducted by simple amplifying the ice thickness or the ice velocity under the condition that ignores the nature frequency of the platform.
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Reports on the topic "The ice load"

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McCoy, Timothy J., Thomas Brown, and Alex Byrne. Ice Load Project Final Technical Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1303304.

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Savage, Mark Edward, Kenneth William Struve, and Raymond William Lemke. Expected result of firing an ICE load on Z without vacuum. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1002105.

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Song, Arnold, Matthew Parno, Brendan West, and Devin O'Connor. Modeling relevant to safe operations of naval vessels in Arctic conditions : numerical modeling of ice loads. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/29536.

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Trim, M., Matthew Murray, and C. Crane. Modernization and structural evaluation of the improved Overhead Cable System. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/40025.

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A modernized Overhead Cable System prototype for a 689 ft (210 m) Improved Ribbon Bridge crossing was designed, assembled, and structurally tested. Two independent structural tests were executed, i.e., a component-level compression test of the BSS tower was performed to determine its load capacity and failure mode; and a system-level ‘dry’ test of the improved OCS prototype was conducted to determine the limit state and failure mode of the entire OCS. In the component-level compression test of the BSS tower, the compressive capacity was determined to be 102 kips, and the failure mode was localized buckling in the legs of the tower section. During system-level testing, the prototype performed well up to 40.5 kips of simulated drag load, which corresponds to a uniformly distributed current velocity of 10.7 ft/s. If a more realistic, less conservative parabolic velocity distribution is assumed instead, the drag load for an 11 ft/s current is 21.1 kips. Under this assumption, the improved OCS prototype has a factor of safety of 1.9, based on a 689-ft crossing and 11-ft/s current. The OCS failed when one of the tower guy wires pulled out of the ground, causing the tower to overturn.
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Kramer, K. Status Quo of PVT Characterization. Edited by Korbinian Kramer,. IEA SHC Task 60, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18777/ieashc-task60-2020-0004.

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Report B1: This report therefore aims at displaying the Status Quo of PVT Characterization in order to support PVT technology in its further development and applications. The report is hence of interest for researchers as well as public and private sector stakeholders. A key finding is that the reliability and durability of PVT modules are especially challenged at elevated temperatures and higher humidity loads. The test methods available from the IEC and ISO standards are covering the specifics of PV and ST module’s, most of which are similar for PVT modules, too.
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Al-Qadi, Imad, Egemen Okte, Aravind Ramakrishnan, Qingwen Zhou, and Watheq Sayeh. Truck Platooning on Flexible Pavements in Illinois. Illinois Center for Transportation, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-010.

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Truck platoons have many benefits over traditional truck mobility. Truck platoons have the potential to improve safety and reduce fuel consumption between 5% and 15%, based on platoon configuration. In Illinois, trucks carry more than 50% of freight tonnage and constitute 25% of the traffic on interstates. Therefore, expected fuel savings would be significant for trucks. Deployment of truck platoons within interstate highways may have a direct effect on flexible pavement performance, as the time between consecutive axle loads (i.e., resting time) is expected to decrease significantly. Moreover, platoons could potentially accelerate pavement damage accumulation due to trucks’ channelized position, decreasing pavement service life and increasing maintenance and rehabilitation costs. The main objective of this project was to quantify the effects of truck platoons on pavements and to provide guidelines to control corresponding potential pavement damage. Finite-element models were utilized to quantify the impact of rest period on pavement damage. Recovered and accumulated strains were predicted by fitting exponential functions to the calculated strain profiles. The results suggested that strain accumulation was negligible at a truck spacing greater that 10 ft. A new methodology to control pavement damage due to truck platoons was introduced. The method optimizes trucks’ lateral positions on the pavements, and an increase in pavement service life could be achieved if all platoons follow this optimization method. Life cycle assessment and life cycle cost analysis were conducted for fully autonomous, human-driven, and mixed-traffic regimes. For example, for an analysis period of 45 years, channelized truck platoons could save life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 28% and 21% compared with human-driven trucks, respectively. Furthermore, optimum truck platoon configuration could reduce life cycle costs and environmental impacts by 48% and 36%, respectively, compared with human-driven trucks. In contrast, channelized traffic could increase pavement roughness, increasing fuel consumption by 15%, even though platooning vehicles still benefit from reduction in air drag forces. Given that truck platoons are expected to be connected only in the first phase, no actions are required by the agency. However, in the second phase when truck platoons are also expected to be autonomous, a protocol for driving trends should be established per the recommendation of this study.
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Second Peace Loan Campaign in NSW - Ex-Servicemen assisted in various trades by Repatriation: ice-chest maker (plate 265). Reserve Bank of Australia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47688/rba_archives_pn-001818.

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Financial Stability Report - Second Semester of 2020. Banco de la República de Colombia, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/rept-estab-fin.sem2.eng-2020.

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The Colombian financial system has not suffered major structural disruptions during these months of deep economic contraction and has continued to carry out its basic functions as usual, thus facilitating the economy's response to extreme conditions. This is the result of the soundness of financial institutions at the beginning of the crisis, which was reflected in high liquidity and capital adequacy indicators as well as in the timely response of various authorities. Banco de la República lowered its policy interest rates 250 points to 1.75%, the lowest level since the creation of the new independent bank in 1991, and provided ample temporary and permanent liquidity in both pesos and foreign currency. The Office of the Financial Superintendent of Colombia, in turn, adopted prudential measures to facilitate changes in the conditions for loans in effect and temporary rules for rating and loan-loss provisions. Finally, the national government expanded the transfers as well as the guaranteed credit programs for the economy. The supply of real credit (i.e. discounting inflation) in the economy is 4% higher today than it was 12 months ago with especially marked growth in the housing (5.6%) and commercial (4.7%) loan portfolios (2.3% in consumer and -0.1% in microloans), but there have been significant changes over time. During the first few months of the quarantine, firms increased their demands for liquidity sharply while consumers reduced theirs. Since then, the growth of credit to firms has tended to slow down, while consumer and housing credit has grown. The financial system has responded satisfactorily to the changes in the respective demands of each group or sector and loans may grow at high rates in 2021 if GDP grows at rates close to 4.6% as the technical staff at the Bank expects; but the forecasts are highly uncertain. After the strict quarantine implemented by authorities in Colombia, the turmoil seen in March and early April, which was evident in the sudden reddening of macroeconomic variables on the risk heatmap in Graph A,[1] and the drop in crude oil and coal prices (note the high volatility registered in market risk for the region on Graph A) the local financial markets stabilized relatively quickly. Banco de la República’s credible and sustained policy response played a decisive role in this stabilization in terms of liquidity provision through a sharp expansion of repo operations (and changes in amounts, terms, counterparties, and eligible instruments), the purchases of public and private debt, and the reduction in bank reserve requirements. In this respect, there is now abundant aggregate liquidity and significant improvements in the liquidity position of investment funds. In this context, the main vulnerability factor for financial stability in the short term is still the high degree of uncertainty surrounding loan quality. First, the future trajectory of the number of people infected and deceased by the virus and the possible need for additional health measures is uncertain. For that reason, there is also uncertainty about the path for economic recovery in the short and medium term. Second, the degree to which the current shock will be reflected in loan quality once the risk materializes in banks’ financial statements is uncertain. For the time being, the credit risk heatmap (Graph B) indicates that non-performing and risky loans have not shown major deterioration, but past experience indicates that periods of sharp economic slowdown eventually tend to coincide with rises in non-performing loans: the calculations included in this report suggest that the impact of the recession on credit quality could be significant in the short term. This is particularly worrying since the profitability of credit establishments has been declining in recent months, and this could affect their ability to provide credit to the real sector of the economy. In order to adopt a forward-looking approach to this vulnerability, this Report presents several stress tests that evaluate the resilience of the liquidity and capital adequacy of credit institutions and investment funds in the event of a hypothetical scenario that seeks to simulate an extreme version of current macroeconomic conditions. The results suggest that even though there could be strong impacts on the credit institutions’ volume of credit and profitability under such scenarios, aggregate indicators of total and core capital adequacy will probably remain at levels that are above the regulatory limits over the horizon of a year. At the same time, the exercises highlight the high capacity of the system's liquidity to face adverse scenarios. In compliance with its constitutional objectives and in coordination with the financial system's security network, Banco de la República will continue to closely monitor the outlook for financial stability at this juncture and will make the decisions that are necessary to ensure the proper functioning of the economy, facilitate the flow of sufficient credit and liquidity resources, and further the smooth operation of the payment systems. Juan José Echavarría Governor
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