Academic literature on the topic 'The Last Gatekeeper'

Background: Gatekeeper training is a promising suicide prevention strategy that is growing in popularity. Although gatekeeper training programs have been found to improve trainee knowledge, self-efficacy, and perceived skills, researchers have found that the benefit of gatekeeper training may not last over time. Aims: The purpose of this study was to identify strategies for strengthening the long-term effects of suicide prevention gatekeeper training. Method: In-depth interviews and focus groups were conducted with gatekeepers (N = 44) and data were analyzed using a qualitative research approach. Results: The results of this study suggest that posttraining interventions may be more effective if they include the following seven themes: (a) social network – connecting with other gatekeepers; (b) continued learning – further education; (c) community outreach – building awareness; (d) accessibility – convenience; (e) reminders – ongoing communication; (f) program improvement –- enhancing previous training; and (g) certification – accreditation. Conclusion: Posttraining interventions that incorporate the themes from this study offer a promising direction in which to sustain the effects of gatekeeper suicide prevention training.

The publishing industry has a variety of gatekeepers that play a role in deciding which works become books. This article acknowledges the main gatekeepers as the agent and publishers, but also draws attention to the author, who is the first gatekeeper, and the reader, who is the last. The connections between gatekeepers highlight the role of power in these positions. Using Foucault’s theories of archaeology and genealogy, this article argues that positions within the industry provide space for the gatekeepers to say what works deserve to be published. In doing so it highlights the dynamic flow of power, which rises from the bottom and provides a hierarchical structure within the industry.

This paper examines the emergence of civil society in China under the authoritarian system in the last thirty years. It seeks to explore the ways in which an initial, traditional notion of civil society has altered in the context of China, as well as the respective challenges faced by both the organizations and the government in carrying out their goals and governance. The rapid rise of market capitalism, globalization and Chinese economic success in the last forty years to present day has made room for the rise of non-governmental organizations as well as social mobilization and engagement from citizens. This paper suggests that China has been able to accept the emergence of civil society, however, despite these developments, the government has been able to sufficiently suppress civil society from carrying out any objectives of transparency, social justice and accountability. It surveys the history of civil society within the authoritarian state, analyzes the specific government-NGO relations between the Chinese Communist Party and civil society organizations, and reflects upon the implications of the current legal and political framework that Chinese civil society must operate under.

ABSTRACT We examine whether securities lawyers involved in SEC comment letter inquiries act as client advocates by resisting disclosure changes or as gatekeepers by encouraging disclosure transparency. Consistent with an advocacy role, we find that securities lawyers' involvement in SEC comment letters is associated with resisting disclosure inquiries through redacting information from filings and issuing fewer amendments to previous disclosures. Our evidence also supports the view that the role of securities lawyers extends beyond the specific inquiry; their involvement is associated with improved readability and more cautionary language in the subsequent 10-K, and fewer future restatements and comment letters. Last, we find that securities lawyers serve more of an advocacy role when proprietary costs are high and when the inquiry involves a possible amendment, but more of a gatekeeper role when an inquiry is more complex. JEL Classifications: M41

In this paper, based on the characteristics of heterogeneous information integration, a set of complete medical information integration platform network security defense architecture was designed by utilizing network security defense equipment and technologies such as gatekeeper, disk array and hot-standby etc. On the basis of overall design, the construction, deployment and operation of related system were realized. At last, the effectiveness of the network security defense architecture designed and realized in this paper was tested by means of fault injection.

AbstractThrough a series of focus groups with human security practitioners, we examined how powerful organizations at the center of advocacy networks select issues for attention. Participants emphasized five sets of factors: entrepreneur attributes, adopter attributes, the broader political context, issue attributes, and intranetwork relations. However, the last two were much more consistently invoked by practitioners in their evaluations of specific candidate issues. Scholars of global agenda setting should pay particular attention to how intranetwork relations structure gatekeeper preferences within transnational advocacy spaces because these help constitute perceptions of issues' and actors' attributes in networks.

Since its inception in 1997, the Muslim Council of Britain (MCB) has evolved to become one of the most enduring British Muslim organisations. It is a representative body for over 500 member bodies (‘affiliates’) including mosques, schools and charities. During the course of the last two decades, it has been subject to external comment and sometimes critique by academics, media commentators, policy-makers, and others. This special issue of the journal Religions has provided a welcome opportunity for the current leadership of the MCB to write about the organisation from ‘within’, based on their long-standing time volunteering with it. This paper is based on an oral history methodology involving extended interviews with the oversight of a research director, supplemented by reference to existing academic and other sources. Therefore this paper is essentially a type of ‘edited transcript’ aggregated wholly from a series of first person interviews undertaken with the current senior elected leaders of MCB; reorganised for clarity and drafted out with added ‘prose’ allowing for it to be presented in essay form. The result is the first documented ‘insider’ perspective on the ways in which the MCB has tackled issues such as internal governance, the challenge of ‘representation’ in view of the diversity of British Muslim communities, changing relationships with government, and policy work. It becomes apparent through the paper that the MCB has matured into a constructively self-critical, pro-active, and more strategically professional body, that contributes to the flourishing of Muslim communities and the place of Islam in British society. The production of the paper is itself an indicator of the growing confidence and capacity of the MCB, and its ability to contribute positively to academic discourse and debate about Muslims in Britain.

The Vienna State Opera made headlines around the world last December, boasting that it had finally commissioned a full-scale opera by a female composer. Olga Neuwirth, known for her difficult, unrestrained character (both musical and personal), was a curious and adventurous choice for the Wiener Staatsoper, the embassy of a conservative cultural landscape and gatekeeper of highbrow art. Choosing Virginia Woolf's seminal novel about a poet who lives through the ages and who one day miraculously changes sexes was a fitting choice for this maverick, whose work blurs the lines between genius – in all its anachronistic complexities – and fremdschämend, the well-established German equivalent of the facepalm, always scoring particularly high on listicles of ‘quintessential German words’.

The article argues that, contrary to the majority view, the metaphor of the eunuch in Mt. 19.12 should be understood against the backdrop of the royal eunuch, as encountered in story, if not in experience. As such the saying must be situated with other sayings that speak of entry to the Kingdom. The change of the metaphor’s focus from that of guardian/gatekeeper to that of sexualized trope, as it is now met in Matthew, was facilitated by the saying’s performance to a new audience, i.e. to a Greek-speaking rather than Semitic-speaking audience. At the same time the saying was repunctuated to idealize the last class of eunuch who now became the model of chastity within the ekklesia.

AbstactMass communication must be adjacent to gatekeeper, referred to as gatekeeper in an assignment i.e. the person in charge of selecting, choosing, changing, responsible later on to a will be broadcast to audiences. At CeriaTV Pekanbaru Video Editor is the role holder of gatekeeper, because the video editor in CeriaTV Pekanbaru that will answer the results of the editing later and the creativity of an editor can add the selling value of a program that is edited and presented later to the audience. CeriaTv Pekanbaru still has a shortage of human resources, then the production Director, the documentation division can concurrently become an editor. The research aims to find out how the video Editor role in the production of Sembang Malam program at CeriaTV Pekanbaru. The subject of this study is CeriaTv Pekanbaru and the object of this research is the role of editors in the production of a Sembang Malam program at CeriaTV Pekanbaru. This research uses qualitative descriptive research methods. The results of the editor's role through the first three stages, the first offline editing stage, at this stage an editor can play a role in shooting with a cameraman whose goal is to know the picture during the editing process later, and data checking. Further more the online editing stage, at this stage an editor checks equipment on the editing equipment, has its own notes for editing (according to the script), content and video visuals, editors must have the creativity issued When content editing and video visuals take place. The last stage is mixing (merging between sound and video), at this stage the sound and video must be balanced and at this stage also there are additional sounds such as sound effect, and backsound if needed. From these three stages, an editor can produce programs, both and interestingly the program is in the editor and creativity of the editors package the program, hence the editor is very important to manage the program that will be aired on audiences. Talk show-based Sembang Malam programmes that cover the hottest things, as well as inviting guest stars that inspire, from communities and individuals.

The purpose of this study was to document the history of Susie G. Gibson High School from its opening in 1954 to its closure in 1970. The researcher documented and described the establishment, operation, and closure of the school. The study includes a description of how Bedford County transitioned from a dual system of segregated education to a single school system for students of all races and how Susie G. Gibson High School was converted for use as a vocational school as it still functions today. Historical research methods were used to collect data and describe the education of Black students who attended the Susie G. Gibson High School. The evidence for the study consists of primary and secondary sources. This evidence includes written records, archives, manuscripts, maps and documents, but also artifacts (Williams, 2007, p.11). The researcher conducted in-depth interviews with students, school employees, and community members who were involved with the school. Minutes of school board meetings and other contemporary records were utilized as well. Studies by Bonner (1939) and Harrell (1951) and histories by other authors were used as secondary sources for historical context. Susie G. Gibson High School opened in the fall of 1954. It was a much anticipated event because it was the first new high school for Blacks in Bedford County, Virginia. Susie G. Gibson High School replaced the much smaller Bedford Training School that began as an elementary school, but which provided some secondary schooling after 1930. The opening of the school was a culmination of negotiations between the Black community and the Bedford County School Board. The school was the pride of the Black community for over a decade and a half. Susie G. Gibson High School changed to a vocational school in 1970 when the U. S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW) ordered Bedford County to fully integrate its school system.<br>Ed. D.

Memoria para optar al grado de Licenciado en Ciencias Jurídicas y Sociales<br>En las últimas décadas, el sector financiero se ha ubicado como uno de los ámbitos de la economía que genera mayores ganancias anualmente, por lo que la regulación del mercado de valores se ha convertido en una preocupación creciente debido a su impacto en la economía tanto nacional como internacional. Por esta razón, los gatekeepers del mercado de valores como contadores y auditores, agencias clasificadoras de riesgos, analistas financieros, entre otros, ejercen como agentes privados encargados de controlar la confiabilidad de las informaciones que permiten transar valores en el mercado financiero, esta tarea los pone en una posición privilegiada para acceder a información que los organismos públicos no son capaces de captar, pero al mismo tiempo los expone a ser capturados por las sociedades a las que deben vigilar. El presente trabajo tiene por objeto introducir el concepto de gatekeepers a través de la caracterización de los rasgos fundamentales de su función en el contexto del mercado de valores, así como la revisión de casos nacionales e internacionales en los que se evidencia las consecuencias de una regulación deficiente y cuáles han sido las respuestas normativas a dichos escándalos financieros. Por último, se realiza un estudio del delito de falsedad documental y cómo su tratamiento en la regulación penal chilena se aplica a los contadores y auditores en su función como gatekeepers, específicamente a través del delito de dictamen falso del artículo 59 letra d) de la Ley de Mercado de Valores.

<p>Linker for Activation of T cells, LAT, is a transmembrane adaptor protein that is vital for integrating TCR-mediated signals that modulate T cell development, activation, and proliferation. Upon engagement of the T cell receptor, LAT is phosphorylated and associates with Grb2, Gads, and PLC&#947;1 through its four distal tyrosine residues. Mutation of tyrosine 136 abolishes LAT binding to PLC&#947;1. This results in impaired TCR-mediated calcium mobilization and Erk activation. LATY136F knock-in mice have a severe but incomplete block in T cell development. Yet, CD4+ &#945;&#946; T cells undergo uncontrolled expansion in the periphery, resulting in a severe autoimmune syndrome characterized by Th2 skewing and resultant B cell autoreactivity. Here, we further studied the role of LAT-PLC&#947;1 signaling in T cell lineage commitment, cytokine production, and autoimmunity.</p><p>First, we investigated the importance of the LAT-PLC&#947;1 interaction in &#947;&#948; T cells by crossing LATY136F mice with TCR&#946;-deficient mice. Our data showed that the LATY136F mutation had no major effect on the homeostasis of epithelial &#947;&#948; T cells, which could be found in the skin and small intestine. Interestingly, a population of CD4+ &#947;&#948; T cells in the spleen and lymph nodes underwent continuous expansion and produced elevated amounts of IL4, resulting in an autoimmune syndrome similar to that caused by &#945;&#946; T cells in LATY136F mice. Development of these hyperproliferative &#947;&#948; T cells was not dependent on expression of MHC class II or CD4, and their proliferation could be partially suppressed by regulatory T cells. Our data indicated that a unique subset of CD4+ &#947;&#948; T cells could hyperproliferate in LATY136F mice and suggested that LAT-PLC&#947;1 signaling may function differently in various subsets of &#947;&#948; T cells. </p><p>In addition to examining &#947;&#948; and &#945;&#946; T cell development, we also were interested in further exploring the role of LAT in cytokine production. While our previous data have demonstrated that T cells in LATY136F mice are Th2 skewed, producing large amounts of IL4, we investigated other cytokines that may be important for autoimmunity and found that these CD4+ &#945;&#946; T cells could also produce the proinflammatory cytokine IL6. Analysis of whole cell lysates from CD4+ &#945;&#946; LATY136F T cells demonstrated that NF&#954;B, AKT, and p38 were constitutively phosphorylated, and inhibition of these pathways resulted in reduced IL6 production. By crossing LATY136F mice with IL6 deficient mice, we demonstrated that early T cell survival was diminished in the absence of IL6. We further showed that this reduced CD4+ T cell pool was not due to further blocks in development, or an increase in FoxP3+ regulatory T cells. Finally, we demonstrated that over time, CD4+ T cells do hyperproliferate, yet B cell class switching and autoreactivity remains low. Our data uncovered a novel role for LAT-PLC&#947;1 signaling in regulating IL6 production by T cells during autoimmunity. </p><p>Finally, we wanted to further examine IL4 production and T helper cell differentiation in LATY136F mice. We examined IL4 production using KN2 reporter mice, where huCD2 marks T cells that have recently produced IL4 protein. We demonstrated that only a small proportion of the LATY136F T cells were actively secreting IL4. This subset of T cells were Tfh cells that expressed BCL6 and localized to B cell-rich germinal centers within the spleen. Most studies to date have examined Tfh cells in infection models, and have demonstrated that Tfh cells have very low expression of GATA3. Our results revealed in a spontaneous T cell-mediated autoimmune model system, that Tfh cells express both high levels of BCL6 and GATA3. Additionally, using an inducible deletion system, where normal development occurs, we showed that Tfh cells differentiation is the result of aberrant LAT signaling, rather than autoreactive TCRs with high affinity for self-peptide-MHC. LATY136F Tfh cells did require B cells for their development. Together, these results displayed a novel role for tonic LAT-PLC&#947;1 signaling in modulating Tfh cell differentiation and BCL6 expression.</p><br>Dissertation

Achieving high quality in the provision of healthcare services represents a basic factor in meeting the healthcare needs of the individuals. Accessibility to health services in Slovenia over the last two decades has been presented according to some of the core values of quality and safety: performance, quality and patient-centeredness. The focus of the chapter is on three pillars of health system quality: structure, processes, and outcomes. In each part, we presented the standard practice and state of the art, but also the main achievements in the last decade. In the structural part, we highlight the investment in equipment and human resources and in the process part, the role of the primary level as a gatekeeper with the secondary and tertiary level. The results section concentrates on the measurement of the results in health care; the use of quality indicators and PROMs is discussed, the role of quality strategy and health technology assessment in the Slovenian health care system is presented.

A funny thing happened on the way to the second nationwide Earth Day in 1990. Twenty years earlier the first Earth Day had been saluted with much talk about population problems. At that time world population stood at 3.6 billion. But when the second Earth Day rolled around, the topic of population was almost completely ignored. Was that because world population had stopped growing? Hardly: in the intervening two decades it had increased 47 percent to an estimated 5.3 billion— an increase of 1.7 billion (more than six times the present population of the United States). Common sense tells us that the per capita share of environmental riches must decrease as population numbers increase, and waste disposal necessarily becomes an ever greater problem. Of course common sense is sometimes wrong. But if that is so in this instance, the celebrants of the 1990 Earth Day should have been shouting, "We've found the secret of perpetual growth!" A few incurable optimists did defend this position, but most people lumped their claims with those of the flat earthers, ignoring both. The celebrants were generally silent about the 47 percent increase in population. Why? The answer comes in two parts, the first being historical. It is now known that the planners of Earth Day 1990 were under economic pressure to leave population out of the picture. When directors of philanthropic foundations and business concerns were solicited for financial support they let it be known that they would not look kindly on a population emphasis. Money talks, silence can be bought. (Why the bankrollers shied at population will become clear later.) The second aspect of the answer is more subtle. It has long been recognized that some of our most deeply held views are not neat, precise propositions but broadly "global" attitudes that act as the gatekeepers of the mind, letting in only those propositions that do not challenge the dominant picture of reality. Germans call such gatekeeper attitudes Weltanschauungen, an impressive mouthful that is quite adequately translated as "worldviews." For all but the last few hundred years of human history the dominant worldview was a limited view: resources were limited, human nature was fixed, and spending beyond one's income was a sin. This essentially conservative perception prevailed until about 1600.

The chapter argues that although women’s representation has increased in numerical terms over the last 20 years, this increase has been marginal. It traces this argument through an analysis of the role of political parties as gatekeepers to parliamentary politics. Using both quantitative and qualitative methodologies, this chapter explores women’s participation as candidates in general elections for the Lok Sabha over the last two decades to understand the role that elections and the election process have on opportunities for women to enter Parliament. By analysing trends in the nomination of women by political parties and across states and regions it contests notions of incrementalism, which are often used to counter proposals for quotas, and which argue that women’s presence in elected bodies will increase over time.

The nature and scope of genetic counseling is continuing to evolve in the face of the expanding application of new genetic testing technologies like exome and genome sequencing. This creates a new set of challenges for determining the role of genetic counselors and genetic counseling in the delivery of genetic services. Genetic counselors may shift from being gatekeepers to genetic testing to interpreters of complex genetic test results. While this may require learning new biomedical information, the application of basic counseling skills will continue to be critical to service delivery. While testing has become more sophisticated and complex, it still comes down to families and patients trying to integrate genetic information into their lives in meaningful ways. This has, on one level, not changed for at least the last half-century.

In the long run, increasingly capable machines will transform the work of professionals, giving rise to new ways of sharing practical expertise in society. This is the central thesis of our book. We cannot commit to timeframes, in large part because the speed of change is not in our hands. But we are confident that the change will constitute an incremental transformation rather than an overnight revolution. In the language of the book, the shift itself can be characterized in many ways: as the industrialization and digitization of the professions; as the routinization and commoditization of professional work; as the disintermediation and demystification of professionals. Whatever terminology is preferred, we foresee that, in the end, the traditional professions will be dismantled, leaving most (but not all) professionals to be replaced by less expert people and high-performing systems. We expect new roles will arise, but we are unsure how long they will last, because these too, in due course, may be taken on by machines. In the post-professional society, we predict that practical expertise will be available online. Our strong inclination is to encourage the removal of current and future gatekeepers, and to provide people with as much access as is feasible to this collective knowledge and experience. The final step in our argument is to explain why we think that it is desirable to liberate practical expertise in this way. When we speak above and throughout about technology and its impact on the professions, we are conscious that it might sound as though we believe the future is already mapped out in detail and is somehow inevitable— that we are hardline ‘determinists’. Our analysis in Chapter 4, for example, makes it clear that we expect machines to become increasingly capable, that devices will be increasingly pervasive, and that human beings will be increasingly connected. And we certainly do anticipate an exponential growth in information technology. While we do not foresee these developments unfolding as a matter of necessity, we do regard them as extremely probable (barring asteroids, nuclear wars, pandemics, or the like). However—and this is where we part company with determinists—this does not mean that human beings have no control over future direction.