Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The Law on Value Added Tax'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'The Law on Value Added Tax.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Andersson, Helen, and Karolina Franzén. "Value Added Tax : the Right to Deduct in Case of Carousel Fraud." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1064.
Full textTaxable persons’ right to deduct input VAT is an integral part of the VAT system and may in principle not be limited. Carousel schemes deprive the Member States a great deal of tax revenue, investigations show that up to EUR 100 billion disap-pear every year. In order to stop these trading arrangements and reduce the big amount of tax revenue which disappears every year, some Member States would like to deny traders involved in carousel frauds the right to deduct the input VAT.
It exist different opinions regarding taxable persons’ ability to deduct input VAT when involved in carousel frauds. The ECJ has given judgements in three interest-ing cases dealing with the right to deduct in case of carousel fraud. In the Optigen case, it was established that taxable persons who do not know or have any reason to believe that they are involved in a carousel fraud cannot be denied the right to deduct the input VAT. In the FTI case, it was concluded that taxable persons in-volved in carousel frauds can be jointly and severally liable to pay the VAT to-gether with the person, actually liable to pay the VAT. A precondition for making a taxable person jointly and severally liable is that the taxable person has to be aware or should have been aware that the transaction made, was involved in such a scheme. If the taxable person did not know or had no reason to suspect this, he cannot be made jointly and severally liable. The ruling in the Kittel case confirms the Optigen judgement as well as concludes that when a taxable person is aware or should have been aware that he is involved in a carousel scheme, he is not enti-tled to deduct the input VAT. If this is the case, it is possible for the tax authori-ties in the different Member States to deny taxable persons this right as well as claim a refund.
These judgements clarify when the national tax authorities can deny a taxable per-son the right to deduct input VAT when the transactions are made in a chain of fraud. However, another problem occurred, it is up to the national courts to de-cide when a taxable person should be aware that he is involved in a carousel fraud. This decision shall be based upon objective factors, no guidelines or any other help as to what these objective factors should consist of have been published. This creates an interpretation gap for the national courts followed by the risk of having an outcome with different interpretations from the courts in the Member States.
Den avdragsrätt som beskattningsbara personer besitter utgör en oskiljaktig del av mervärdesskattesystemet och kan därför i princip inte inskränkas. Karusellhandel berövar medlemsstaterna på stora mängder skatteinkomster. Olika undersökning-ar visar att upp till 100 miljarder euro försvinner varje år till följd av karusellbe-drägerier. Vissa medlemsstater vill kunna neka avdragsrätt för beskattningsbara personer som är inblandade i olika typer av karusellhandel som ett försök att stoppa dessa arrangemang och för att minska de skatteintäkter som årligen förlo-ras.
Det finns olika åsikter om möjligheten att neka avdragsrätt för beskattningsbara personer involverade i karusellhandel. EG-domstolen har avkunnat domar i tre in-tressanta mål som rör avdragsrätten vid karusellhandel. I Optigen målet fastställ-des att beskattningsbara personer som inte vet eller har någon anledning att miss-tänka att de är inblandade i en karusellhandel inte kan bli nekade att dra av den in-gående mervärdesskatten. I FTI målet drogs slutsatsen att beskattningsbara per-soner involverade i karusellhandel kan bli solidariskt betalningsansvariga för sälja-rens mervärdesskatteskuld. Förutsättningen för att sådant ansvar skall kunna åläg-gas är att den beskattningsbara personen visste eller hade skälig anledning att misstänka att han var involverad i ett karusellbedrägeri. Däremot kan en beskatt-ningsbar person som inte visste eller hade skälig anledning att misstänka att han var inblandad i ett karusellbedrägeri inte åläggas solidariskt betalningsansvar. Do-men i Kittel målet bekräftar Optigen domen samtidigt som den fastställer att be-skattningsbara personer som medvetet eller som haft skälig anledning att misstän-ka att han är inblandad i ett karusellbedrägeri kan förlora avdragsrätten. Om så är fallet kan följaktligen de nationella skattemyndigheterna neka avdragsrätt för en beskattningsbar person samt kräva en återbetalning av redan utbetalad mervärdes-skatt.
Dessa domar klarlägger när de nationella skattemyndigheterna kan neka en be-skattningsbar person avdragsrätten när en transaktion är genomförd i samband med ett karusellbedrägeri. Ett annat problem uppstod dock eftersom det är upp till de nationella domstolarna att bestämma när en beskattningsbar person skall ha skälig anledning att misstänka att han är involverad i ett karusellbedrägeri. Detta beslut ska baseras på objektiva faktorer, det finns emellertid inga riktlinjer eller annan hjälp att ta till för att bestämma vad dessa objektiva faktorer skall vara. Det-ta skapar ett tolkningsproblem för de nationella domstolarna, vilket kan resultera i olika tolkningar mellan medlemsstaterna.
Villanueva, Gutiérrez Walker. "The taxable events for the Value-Added Tax (VAT) based on a Comparative Law approach." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/115871.
Full textEl trabajo aborda la definición de los hechos gravados principalesen el Impuesto al Valor Agregado (IVA) en el derecho comparado (España, México, Chile, Colombia, Argentina y Perú), evaluando qué legislaciones proponen una definición conforme a los principios de generalidad, deneutralidad y de seguridad jurídica. Destaca que ninguna de las legislaciones exige como condición para la configuración de los hechos gravados que setrate de transacciones que generen «valor agregado» o que se trate de bienes o servicios susceptibles de consumo final. En el caso de la venta de bienes muebles, hay coincidencia en la definición del hecho gravado, aunque con matices de diferencia. En cambio, en la definición de servicios, que es la hipótesis más importante del impuesto, hay grandes diferencias entre las legislaciones. Ello definitivamente no es deseable, considerando el comercio internacional de servicios, por cuanto la falta de armonización produce fenómenos de doble imposición y doble no imposición.
Roberts, Tanya. "The zero-rating of certain professional services in terms of the Value-Added Tax Act." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1021006.
Full textMahlunge, Amanda Nyasha. "The new dispensation governing the collection of Value Added Tax on electronic commerce supplies in South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/12896.
Full textThe primary focus of this paper is on the cross-border supply of electronic services into South Africa by non-resident e-commerce businesses. This paper will discuss the nature of electronic commerce (e-commerce) and electronic services; the impact that e-commerce has on indirect taxes such as value-added tax; the previous legislation and its shortfalls; the nature of the new legislated VAT amendments; the problems that were faced by the tax authorities in its efforts to enact the new tax VAT amendments; the problems that the South African Revenue Services (SARS) may face in enforcing compliance with the new tax legislation; the guidelines that have been put forward by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) with regard to international trade over the internet; and the measures that have been put in place in other jurisdictions that directly deal with e-commerce.
Sezgin, Fevza. "Value-added Tax In European Taxation System And Harmonization Of Vat During The Integration Process Of Turkey." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608829/index.pdf.
Full textTheron, Nico. "A comparative study of value added tax collection methods in the context of e-commerce and virtual worlds from a South African perspective." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26408.
Full textDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Taxation
unrestricted
Zhu, Xiaoshi. "The Effect of Business Tax to Value-Added Tax Reform on Tax Burdens and R&D Investments of the High and New Technology Enterprises in China." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2019. https://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/2240.
Full textStrankauskas, Arvydas. "Pridėtinės vertės mokesčio objektą reglamentuojančių teisės aktų nuostatų taikymo problemos." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2008. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20080125_131602-05297.
Full textThe VAT is the biggest and the most important resource of the National budgets. Therefore, every state must be sure that the Declaration of the Rights Tax Act regulatory preferably. There are also a few hypotheses. First, in the application of the regulatory acts Tax resulting error caused mostly not accurate in the classification of deception leading acts. Secondly, faulty application of classification of act has no obvious defects. The possible errors come only if the target and the idea of why this all has to be done, not just explained. This foreboding to vote or to deny them is the main objective, that is This VAT object regulates classification of the acts to determine their application for the most errors occur, the error and to clarify the possible ways out, in order to circumvent. To achieve this goal, the following tasks have been the work of the European Court of the European Community, the main administrative court in Lithuania and the Commission of disputes about tax to the government of Republic of Lithuania and decisions of the disputes about tax issues involved in the court proceedings at the declaration of the application of VAT object regulates classification of acts analyzed. In this summary we can clearly see that there are enough misapplications of VAT object regulatory classification of the acts occuring. Only partly succeeded determination of such categories of acts, where most mistakes happen to be determined. In almost all cases, if you pay tax at... [to full text]
Hadzovic, Inda. "European Value Added Tax and Digital Economy : Does the new legal framework make EU VAT system truly fit for the digital economy?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-384781.
Full textOosthuizen, Sonia. "Die invloed van elektroniese handel op die toepaslikheid van die Wet of Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde, no. 89 van 1991 /." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3404.
Full textThe advent of the internet made it possible to conduct business in a different manner - electronically. Electronic commerce enables residents and vendors to transact with residents and vendors of any other country (jurisdiction) at any time, making the world indeed a smaller place. Electronic commerce has, however, raised many questions internationally. Determining the effect of such transactions on the tax take of a country is of great importance to a government. The South African Revenue Service adjusted the Income Tax Act in order to take globalisation into account in accordance with international direction. In contrast, no changes have been suggested for the indirect taxation, namely value added tax. Electronic commerce were not contemplated when the Value-Added Tax Act was introduced in 1991. The charging section (section 7 of the mentioned act) provides that a transaction will be taxed in South Africa on the supply of goods or services, on the import of goods and on the supply of an imported service. In traditional business the place of supply was easy to define because a pure consumption test could be applied: namely that the place of supply is where the goods or services have been consumed. Today this rule will put an enormous compliance burden on vendors since the physical place of consumption in electronic commerce is not that obvious (Masters, 2001). Not only must the precise place of supply be determined but the vendor also has to value the supply in multiple jurisdictions. This study highlights the applicable sections of the Value-Added Tax Act and applies it to electronic commerce in order to determine if the existing legislation should be modernised or if parts of it needs to be re-written. The following concepts will be considered: • Place of supply in order to determine the jurisdiction where tax must be charged. • Value of supply to determine the value on which tax must be charged. • Vendor to determine which entities, South African or otherwise, have to register for VAT in South Africa. • Goods. • Services to consider goods and services of digital content. The international initiatives regarding the application of consumption tax, under the leadership of the Fiscal Committee of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, were taken into account in the study of any required amendments to sections of the Value-Added Tax Act. A group, “The Consumption Tax Technical Advisory Group”, was established in January 1999 by the OECD to consult with business and non-members on the implementation of consumption tax on electronic commerce transactions. The composition of the group is representative of the main trading nations in the world, but also includes smaller countries, non-members and private sector participants. It includes Australia, Japan, the United Kingdom, the United States of America and the European Commission. Considering the global composition of the group this study will focus on the initiatives of the OECD and it is not deemed necessary to investigate the initiatives of individual countries. The study will however consider the research and initiatives of South Africa’s biggest commercial partner, the European Union (OECD, 2004a: 285). The South African initiatives regarding electronic commerce include the Green Paper on Electronic Commerce released by the Department of Communication in November 2000 and the Electronic Communications and Transactions Act promulgated on 26 June 2002. The legislation does not address the tax implication of electronic commerce but in chapter 4 of the mentioned green paper it was discussed by the legislators. There is growing international pressure to lower corporate income tax rates. As the tax base erodes in this area other sources, possibly consumer taxation, must be found to meet the shortfalls (Masters, 2001). It is the aim of this study to show that the present Value-Added Tax Act is in need of modernisation in order to take into account the wide range of electronic commerce transactions.
Bainy, Alexandre Feliciano. "A seletividade em função da essencialidade no Imposto sobre a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços (ICMS)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/56628.
Full textIn the present work it will be presented a study regarding the selectivity based on the essentiality in the State Valu e Added Tax (ICMS). The ICMS tax is responsible for most of the collection of Brazilian states, and the rule of selectivity is a decisive factor in the configuration of this collection. The 1988 Constitution, by introducing the ICMS, brought to this tax th e selectivity based on the essentiality of the goods and services that are taxed. From the analysis of the texts of the Constitutions and state legislations that rule the tax, it will be showed the adoption of selectivity by all states of Brazil. The verification of how the tax is applied by States and the comparison of the rates of some products will expose the disrespect to the criterion that was constitutionally elected for the selection: the essentiality of the goods and services taxed. The research of the jurisprudence of the State Courts, of the Superior Court of Justice and of the Supreme Court will demonstrate that the issue is not receiving the deserved attention that should receive due to its importance.
Vinciūnaitė, Loreta. "Europos Teisingumo Teismo bylos pridėtinės vertės mokesčio klausimais ir jų taikymas Lietuvoje." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2009. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2008~D_20090122_150654-70742.
Full textIn this work, the author discusses the origins of value added tax, the harmonization of this indirect tax reasons and importance, analyze and summarize the European Court of Justice practice on these value added tax aspects - the concept of taxable transactions, the taxable persons, the taxable moment, the taxable value, the deduction. It also aims to disclose or to the European Court of Justice cases of value added tax issues are taken into account in the consideration of tax disputes in Lithuania. The study is based on the European Court of Justice and the Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court practice, the value added tax analysis, the law on this tax, the Lithuanian and foreign authors, periodical literature, which dealt with the labor issues. The paper discusses the value added tax harmonization between the European Union member states, the objectives and importance of the European Court of Justice's interpretation of value added tax aspects. It also discusses the European Court of Justice's role, its decisions on the value added tax influence in legislation development and tax litigation in Lithuania. Much attention is paid to the Lithuanian Supreme Administrative Court practice, considering the value added tax on related tax matters. The aim is to reveal the impact of the European Court of Justice law of value added tax in Lithuania to the High Administrative Court, the State Tax Inspectorate of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of... [to full text]
Du, Toit Leo. "Tax implications for business rescues in South African Law." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26627.
Full textDissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Procedural Law
unrestricted
Rios, Marcelo Jabour. "A necessidade de reforma do sistema tributário brasileiro como eliminação de entraves à integração no âmbito do MERCOSUL: análise a partir de experiências europeias." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/2/2135/tde-08122015-085636/.
Full textThe international treaties signed after the second half of the 20th century , especially those meant to supersede the traditional free trade agreements or customs union, still challenge contemporary law. Given that they are more ambitious, they override the classic mode of cooperation between sovereign countries and survive on a more carefully elaborated institutional structure, capable of making the wills expressed in the treaties emerge and establish the freedoms that will be guaranteed in this new environment, once the maxim a people, a government a territory does not define it. The well succeeded world experience that led to the creation of a common market, construed as a space with no boundaries, within which people, services, goods and capital circulate freely, was experienced by the European Union. The clarity with which the aims were set forth, the power to overcome stagnation spells, the solvency of the institutions and, above all, the recognition of the supremacy of the communitarian law were decisive in the consolidation of the European success. Triumph, among so many other pillars, played a role in the process of harmonization of the tax law of the member countries, especially the law that contemplates the consumption of goods and services, which is the reason why it is known for its communitarian doctrine and jurisprudence, as one of the compelling forces of the European Union. After a succession of frustrated attempts to bring together the Latin American counties, the Southern Common Market (MERCOSUR) was conceived to attain the status of a common Market and recognise, among its members, the four fundamental freedoms of an integrated Market. As the harmonization of the fiscal laws is a stage of prime importance in the construction of this boundless economic space, the thesis analyses the types of taxes that affect the consumption of goods and services in the MERCOSUR member-countries and evaluates the possibility for is advancement towards the regional integration set on train with the signature of the Asunción Treaty. In this sense, it highlights which aspects of the Brazilian tax system pose a serious barrier to integration within the context of MERCOSUR.
Juračková, Petra. "Aplikace DPH ve sdružení bez právní subjektivity." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9187.
Full textBurger, Bianca. "South African VAT implications in respect of supplies by non residents to residents." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1019977.
Full textDoležel, Tomáš. "Daňové aspekty bankovní činnosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72834.
Full textAbdi, Joseph. "Moms på elektroniska tjänster." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15114.
Full textIn 2002 the member states of EU took a decision regarding whether to introduce a special tax base on digital supplies or not. This tax base was later on implemented to the member states domestic laws. Question may sometimes arise as to where or by whom VAT should be paid regarding electronically supplies. The administrative court and the Swedish government have made different judgments regarding two Swedish companies whose services already have been subject to VAT in other member states. While the administrative court sentenced company A to pay VAT the government exempted company B. This bachelor thesis will examine how tax claims regarding the same electronically supply can occur in different member states and if the providers are selling to or from a permanent establishment or if they are to be considered as distributors. The answer to the first question can partly be due to the difference between Swedish law and EU-law regarding the different use of word for designating a taxable person. The words used for designating a taxable person have different meanings which can constitute confusion. It can furthermore be due to the vague and broad definition for the term electronically supplies and the differences that occur, regarding what can be covered by the definition of electronically supplies. Providers of digital supplies shall pay VAT in the country where the buyer has his place of business or where the fixed establishment is located to which the supplies are provided. Regarding revenue or acquisition it is the one who acts like the real seller or the customer who acquires and consumes the provided service who determines where the supply is situated. The main elements for the services provided have to be examined. Providers of digital supplies are not to be regarded as distributors because they do not meet the criteria’s that are set out for the term.
Gumbo, Wadzanai Charisma. "The taxation of the “sharing economy” in South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/64045.
Full textSloane, Justin. "A discussion and comparison of company legislation and tax legislation in South Africa, in relation to amalgamations and mergers." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1013028.
Full textHernández, Patiño Cecilia, and Jurado Guillermo Rosado. "The Right to Tax Credit of Insurers: On the subject of the Replenishment of Damaged Goods." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118034.
Full textEl presente artículo tiene como principal objetivo otorgar un enfoque tributario del crédito fiscal de las empresas aseguradoras que se genera producto de la reposición de bienes en caso de siniestros, y de esta manera determinar si corresponde o no utilizar el referido crédito fiscal.A partir del análisis efectuado respecto de las diferentes posturas que se presentan a nivel doctrinario con ocasión de la controversia que desarrollaremos en el presente artículo, podemos concluir señalando que las empresas de seguros, cuando entregan bienes a los asegurados como consecuencia de los siniestros, no hacen más que efectuar operaciones que son parte de su giro de negocio y, en tal sentido, al tratarse de bienes que son requeridos para lograr sus fines económicos es que, en ningún sentido, nuestra Administración Tributaria debería reparar el crédito fiscal que se hubiera generado por concepto de la adquisición del bien que fue objeto de seguro; más aún si, conforme hemos indicado la finalidad económica del IGV es gravar al consumidor final de los bienes y servicios, y lograr la neutralidad del impuesto (aplicación del crédito fiscal).
Herron, Andrea. "’n Kritiese ondersoek na die betekenis en omvang van die term “opvoedkundige dienste” soos in artikel 12(h) van die Wet op Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde No.89 van 1991 bedoel en die gevolglike invloed daarvan op die BTW-hantering van sekere navorsingsaktiwiteite deur ’n universiteit uitgevoer." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86409.
Full textENGLISH ABSTRACT: Section 12 of the Value-Added Tax Act No. 89 of 1991 (hereafter referred to as the VAT Act) determines that the supply of certain goods and/or services are exempt from value-added tax (hereafter referred to as VAT) levied by section 7(1)(a). One such exempt supply is the supply of educational services by certain institutions (listed in section 12(h)(i)(aa)-(cc)). Section 12(h)(i)(bb) determines that the supply of educational services by an higher institution are specifically exempt from VAT. The term “educational services” is not defined in the VAT Act. Uncertainty exists in practice about what exactly educational services comprise and what the scope of it is. Since the supply of educational services is an exempt supply in terms of section 12(h)(i)(bb), a clear and irrefutable definition of “educational services” should exist. Two of the main purposes of an university is to deliver education of exceptional quality and good research outputs. The primary question that originates is whether the research performed by an university qualifies as an exempt supply with the result that the performance of research is an exempt supply. The term “research” was investigated in several sources and it was found that research can be generically be defined as the systematic investigation of existing knowledge and the creation of, amongst others, new knowledge and inventions. Furthermore, it was found that research can be divided into two categories, namely research performed at no consideration and research performed at consideration. Research performed at consideration is further divided into two subcategories, namely commercial research (where the purpose is to generate income) and non-commercial research (where the purpose is research). The definition of “educational” and other bent forms of the term “educate”, amongst others, “education” and “educator” were investigated in relevant South African legislation, case law and international legislation and case law. Commercial research is considered to be a supply of a business activity of a university with the main objective of generating income and is considered as a taxable supply in the case law of the United Kingdom and Canada. Non-commercial research is considered as supplies in the course or furtherance of an enterprise, but the main purpose of the enterprise is not to generate income. Non-commercial research is considered as an “educational service” since it meets the requirements of systematic instruction of education and learning. This type of research is exempt from VAT levied. The input tax of any costs incurred with regards to this type of research will not be claimable. It is suggested that the principles highlighted in this study might clear up the confusion surrounding whether research performed by an university qualifies as an exempt supply or not. SARS could possibly establish guidelines to determine when research is considered exempt or taxable. This information could be useful for role players in the South African tax environment if the matter arises.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Artikel 12 van die Wet op Belasting op Toegevoegde Waarde No. 89 van 1991 (hierna verwys as die BTW-wet) bepaal dat die lewering van sekere goed en/of dienste van die heffing van belasting op toegevoegde waarde (hierna verwys as BTW) wat deur artikel 7(1)(a) opgelê is, vrygestel is. Een sodanige vrygestelde lewering is die lewering van opvoedkundige dienste deur sekere instellings (gelys in artikel 12(h)(i)(aa)-(cc)). Artikel 12(h)(i)(bb) bepaal dat die lewering van opvoedkundige dienste deur ’n inrigting wat hoër onderwys verskaf, spesifiek van BTW vrygestel is. Die term “opvoedkundige dienste” word egter nêrens in die BTW-wet gedefinieer nie. Daar bestaan dus onsekerheid in die praktyk oor wat presies opvoedkundige dienste behels en wat die omvang daarvan is. Aangesien die lewering van ’n opvoedkundige diens ’n vrygestelde lewering ingevolge artikel 12(h)(i)(bb) is, moet daar dus ’n duidelike en onweerlegbare omskrywing van “opvoedkundige dienste” bestaan. Om onderrig van uitmuntende gehalte en goeie navorsinguitsette te lewer is twee van ’n universiteit se hoofdoelwitte. Die primêre vraag wat gevolglik ontstaan is of die uitvoer van spesifiek navorsing, deur ’n universiteit kwalifiseer as die lewering van opvoedkundige dienste met die gevolg dat die uitvoer van navorsing ’n vrygestelde lewering is. Die term “navorsing” is in verskeie bronne ondersoek en daar is bevind dat navorsing generies gedefinieer kan word as die sistematiese ondersoek van reedsbestaande kennis en die skep van, onder andere, nuwe kennis en uitvindings. Daar is ook verder bevind dat navorsing in twee kategorieë verdeel kan word, naamlik navorsing uitgevoer teen geen vergoeding en navorsing uitgevoer teen vergoeding. Navorsing uitgevoer teen vergoeding word verder in twee subkategorieë onderverdeel in kommersiële navorsing (waar die generering van inkomste die hoofdoel is) en nie-kommersiële navorsing (waar navorsing die hoofdoel is). Die definisie van “opvoedkundige” en ander verbuigde vorme van die term “opvoed”, onder andere, “opvoeding” en “opvoeder”, is ook in relevante Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing, regspraak en internasionale wetgewing en regspraak ondersoek. Kommersiële navorsing word as deel van die besigheidsaktiwiteite van ’n universiteit met die hoofdoel as generering van inkomste en dus as ’n belasbare lewering in die regspraak van die Verenigde Koninkryk en Kanada beskou. Nie-kommersiële navorsing word ook beskou as lewerings wat in die loop of ter bevordering van die onderneming gelewer word, maar die hoofdoel van hierdie onderneming is nie die generering van inkomste nie. Nie-kommersiële navorsing word dus beskou as ’n “opvoedkundige diens”, aangesien dit voldoen aan die vereiste van sistematiese instruksie van onderrig en leer. Hierdie tipe navorsing is dus vrygestel van die heffing van BTW. Enige onkoste aangegaan met betrekking tot hierdie tipe navorsing se insetbelasting sal dus ook nie eisbaar wees nie. Dit word aan die hand gedoen dat hierdie studie beginsels uitlig wat die verwarring rondom of navorsing gelewer deur ’n universiteit ’n vrygestelde lewering is of nie, moontlik kan opklaar. Die SAID kan moontlike riglyne daarstel van wanneer navorsing beskou word as vrygestel of belasbaar. Hierdie inligting kan moontlik van nut wees vir rolspelers in die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingomgewing indien die kwessie na vore tree.
Houdek, Leoš. "Transpozice a implementace vybraných ustanovení legislativy EU o dani z přidané hodnoty do českého práva." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165521.
Full textPavlíčková, Michaela. "Zaměstnanecké benefity." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-162246.
Full textFojtíková, Jaroslava. "Mezinárodní pronájem pracovní síly a jeho alternativy v podmínkách Evropské unie - daňové aspekty." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2005. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77108.
Full textTrazegnies, Granda Fernando de, Diana Milberg, and Alonso Salazar. "El Perú actual y su (in)dependencia de lo que sucede en el contexto internacional. Entrevista a Pedro Pablo Kuczynski Godard." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2014. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/109096.
Full textLa realidad del Perú es una que debe analizarse con detenimiento, para así poder entender la situación en la que verdaderamente se encuentranlos peruanos. Es de especial relevancia entender el rol que el Estado y el manejo tributario tienen en la economía del país. Por este motivo, en la presente entrevista se evalúa la situación económica en la que se halla el Perú, en comparación a otros países referentes e influyentes en nuestra economía. Es a partir de una aproximación profunda que el entrevistado esquematiza los problemas principales, plantea propuestas de desarrollo y, además, realiza ciertas proyecciones sobre el futuro del país.
Procházka, Vojtěch. "Judikatura chybějící daně v podvodu na DPH." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-444245.
Full textKlouparová, Iveta. "Zaměstnanecké výhody podle českých předpisů." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-193377.
Full textAdomaitytė, Renata. "Fizinių ir juridinių asmenų apmokestinimo netiesioginiais mokesčiais teisinė analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2007. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2007~D_20070109_131839-60322.
Full textVarša, Marcel. "Analysis of Value Added Tax in Slovakia." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-207003.
Full textGrambaite, Gintare. "La déduction en matière de taxe sur la valeur ajoutée : étude en droit franco-lituanien." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM1002.
Full textThe comparison between civil law systems and, more particularly, between France and Lithuania, allows to confront diverse experiences in favour of the European Union’s construction. The comparative method allows, in a regulating approach, to realize a real common integration of a subject like tax law and better understand the conditions of VAT deduction related to the deduction practise in the regular or abusive way. Since the establishment of VAT, as a major instrument to fund the State’s budget, it is the time to take a critical look on the VAT system. The right to deduct VAT is fundamental composant of VAT system and of its neutrality. The value added tax has a significant impact on each citizen of the European Union and we must give ourselves the means to improve the application of the deduction mechanism and develop the additional methods to fight against fraud
Ekström, Åsa, and Martina Mellberg. "Omvänd skattskyldighet inom byggsektorn : Gränsdragning avseende förvärvarens status." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-1317.
Full textOmvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn tillämpas i Sverige sedan den 1:e juli 2007. Tilllämpningen omfattar endast tillhandahållande av tjänster som ur ett allmänt perspektiv bedöms vara byggtjänster. Varuleveranser är uteslutna från tillämpningen. Omvänd skattskyldighet innebär att, istället för att tillhandahållaren av en byggtjänst fakturerar förvärvaren med moms för att sedan redovisa denna till staten, är det numera förvärvaren av byggtjänster som är skattskyldig för moms. Syftet med omvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn är att omöjliggöra momsfusk i entreprenadkedjor där oärliga företag, som bland annat ägnar sig åt att ställa ut falska fakturor som underlag för avdragsrätt för ingående moms, är inblandade. Påföljden vid undlåtenhet att tillämpa omvänd skattskyldighet är skattetillägg.
Utformningen av lagens rekvisit är synnerligen vag. För att omvänd skattskyldighet ska aktualiseras, ska förvärvaren av en byggtjänst vara en sådan förvärvare som själv i sin verksamhet inte endast tillfälligt tillhandahåller byggtjänster eller vara en förvärvare som tillhandahåller förstnämnda förvärvare sådana tjänster. Denna formulering har, i kombination med avsaknaden av praxis på området, resulterat i en avsevärd svårighet att i gränsfallen avgöra om omvänd skattskyldighet ska tillämpas eller inte. Gränsdragningar som är aktuella är bland annat mellan leverans av vara och tillhandahållande av tjänst, mellan byggtjänster och andra tjänster samt mellan att endast tillfälligt tillhandahålla byggtjänster och att mer än tillfälligt göra detta. Därtill kommer bedömningen av hur länge en förvärvare ska anses omfattas av reglerna om denne helt bytt verksamhetsinriktning och inte längre är i byggbranschen. Fråga uppstår också om huruvida det, förvärvare och tillhandahållare emellan, föreligger en upplysnings- respektive undersökningsplikt rörande förvärvarens status. Skatteverket har stor betydelse för utformningen av riktlinjer och för lagens tillämpning, en uppgift som lämpligtvis borde anförtros åt domstolsväsendet.
Uppsatsen behandlar gränsdragningsproblem som uppstår till följd av rekvisitens utformning. Dessa leder i sin tur till exempelvis ökad administration och felaktigt debiterad moms. Ur rättsäkerhetsaspekt kan påpekas att den enskilde i gränsfallen har mycket liten möjlighet att förutse beskattningskonsekvensen av en transaktion och tenderar därför att tillämpa omvänd skattskyldighet för säkerhets skull, snarare än för att bedömning gjorts att transaktionen faller inom ramen för tillämpningen av omvänd skattskyldighet. Den rättsosäkerhet som gränsdragningsproblemen för med sig, framstår därför som den mest anmärkningsvärda konsekvensen av rekvisitens utformning.
Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda rättsläget, analysera gränsdragningsproblematiken och att lämna förslag på riktlinjer för vad som kan tänkas vara mer än tillfälliga tillhandahållanden av byggtjänster, för att lättare kunna avgöra om omvänd skattskyldighet ska tillämpas eller inte. Möjliga bedömningsgrunder för att fastställa vad som menas med att inte endast tillfälligt tillhandahålla byggtjänster, anser vi vara regelbundenhet, tjänstens omfattning och tjänstens värde i förhållande till övrig omsättning. Bedömningsgrunderna har sin förankring i Tysklands utformning av reglerna om omvänd skattskyldighet för byggsektorn och i ett av de få uttryck Skatteverket har lämnat för vad som skulle kunna tänkas tjäna som vägledning för vad som ska betraktas som inte endast tillfälligt.
Reverse charge is, since 1 July 2007, applicable in the construction sector. The application comprises the supply of construction services and thus, all delivery of goods is excluded. Only services which, from a general point of view, appear to be construction services fall within the scope of application of reverse charge. Reverse charge mean that the taxable person to whom the supply of services is made is the person liable for Value Added Tax (VAT) instead of the supplier. The purpose of reverse charge is to preclude tax evasion in contractor chains where dishonest contractors supply others with false invoices to serve as a basis for deduction of input VAT. The penalty for not applying reverse charge when obligated is tax fine.
The wording of the requisite of the law is remarkably vague. In order for reverse charge to be applicable, the taxable person to whom the construction services are supplied must himself, more than temporarily, supply such services or be a taxable person who supplies such services to such taxable person. The unclear wording, in combination with the lack of case law on the subject, has led to considerable difficulty to determine whether to apply reverse charge or not in borderline cases. Establishing boundaries is necessary when determining whether a transaction constitutes sale of goods or supply of services, construction services or other services as well as when determining what constitutes temporarily respectively more than temporarily supplies of construction services. If a taxable person who supplies construction services changes his business and thus ceases to supply such services, an additional assessment on how long after the change of business the taxable person should be considered to supply construction services must be made. The uncertain conditions also raise the question whether there is a mutual obligation between parties to inform each other of their status when supplying and purchasing constructing services. Swedish Tax Authorities have become the leading maker of guidelines for the application of reverse charge in the construction sector. This is a task best left to the courts.
This paper considers problems which emerge because of the wording of the requisites. In turn, these problems lead to an increased level of administration as well as to wrongly collected VAT. It should be noticed, that from the aspect of legal certainty, the individual has very little ability to foresee the taxation consequences of a transaction. Therefore the individual may tend to apply reverse charge to be on the safe side, rather than because it has been established that the transaction fall within the scope of application of reverse charge. This legal uncertainty is the most notable consequence of the wording of the requisites.
The aim of this paper is to examine the actual meaning of the law, analyse the problems resulting from the insufficient wording of the requisites, as well as presenting possible guidelines on what should be considered as more than temporarily supplies of construction services. The guidelines aim to facilitate the conclusion on whether or not reverse charge is applicable. Possible grounds of assessment for determining when a taxable person should be considered to more than temporarily supply construction services are regularity, the extent of the construction service, as well as the value of the construction service in comparison to the overall turnover. The grounds of assessment are influenced by the application of reverse charge in German law and by one of the few guiding principles presented by the Swedish Tax Authorities concerning the meaning of the expression more than temporarily.
Krejčík, Martin. "Dlouhodobá hmotná aktiva v účetním zobrazení se zaměřením na daňové souvislosti." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264563.
Full textButler, Andrea Deborah. "Value added tax reform in the European Community : a tax on consumers?" Thesis, Keele University, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301320.
Full textGerber, Andre Hein. "The role of customs and value-added tax legislation in the collection of value-added tax on crossborder trade in digital goods." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/73269.
Full textMini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2019.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Restricted
El-Ganainy, Asmaa Adel. "Essays on Value-Added Taxation." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2006. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/12.
Full textNtibanyurwa, Agnes. "The value added tax system: A case study of Rwanda." University of Western Cape, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7755.
Full textInternationally, the Value Added Tax system is recognised as an appropriate tax system for countries like Rwanda,' w-h--o- ·n·-e-e--d-· s_ t_o i_n_cr ease the revenue tential of the tax system. . , _ ___ ,, _____.. .. --:.__.....--- _ _ Although_YAI.J~ considered to be a good tax SY.S.!~m .. itsmo~t_c9~_mon feature is that it ..... ... .... ~. . . .. .. . . , ·· ~ ... . . ·· --· --· . ···· ~·. ·~ .... ..... _ _ ,.._.,. ,_ ;>...,..., ............ _.~ · is regressive with respect to income fair. Despite this sho~~oll:1:~~~h-.Y.beI._ is considered to be a much . ··· . other consumption taxes.
Gopal, Amit Rajendra. "Value-added tax on electronic services : a study of the South African tax model." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/25028.
Full textSelecká, Nikola. "Vývoj spotrebného zdanenia na Slovensku." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2017. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-360191.
Full textHavlíková, Barbora. "Soudní rozhodnutí v oblasti DPH a jejich vliv na tvorbu legislativy." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-264591.
Full textHuang, Yuanlong. "China’s Business Tax to Value-Added Tax Reform’s Impact on Corporations’ Investment and Hiring Behavior." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1874.
Full textWood, Nancy A. "The Mechanics of Value Added Tax| The Impact on EU Trade." Thesis, The American University of Paris (France), 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13871643.
Full textSampaoli, Alessandro. "Freeconomics in the light of EU VAT Directive : Are free digital services supplied in exchange for personal data VAT taxable?" Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-412742.
Full textSmit, Hendrik Jacobus Albertus. "An in-depth study of input tax apportionment methods for value-added tax in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23894.
Full textDissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Taxation
unrestricted
Yesegat, Wollela Abehodie Law Faculty of Law UNSW. "Value added tax in Ethiopia: A study of operating costs and compliance." Publisher:University of New South Wales. Law, 2009. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/43317.
Full textKearney, Marna. "Restructuring value-added tax in South Africa a computable general equilibrium analysis /." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2003. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-09032004-134859.
Full textKim, Sok Bom. "A value-added tax (VAT) and the federal income tax reform /." 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3314820.
Full textSource: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-05, Section: A, page: 1960. Adviser: Richard L. Kaplan. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 127-131) Available on microfilm from Pro Quest Information and Learning.
Van, Zyl Stephanus Phillipus. "The collection of value added tax on online cross-border trade in digital goods." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/13089.
Full textMercantile Law
LL.D.
Adendorff, Michael Joseph. "An analysis of certain aspects of the value-added tax treatment of the short-term insurance industry." 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/17089.
Full textJeewa, Tanisha Jogi. "An analysis into the reform required in respect of the Value-Added Tax treatment of educational services." Thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/22152.
Full textThe aim of the report is to determine whether the current Value-Added Tax (‘VAT’) treatment relating to the exemption applied on educational services should be retained and to ascertain whether the policy considerations which applied when VAT was introduced are still relevant, or whether changed circumstances would justify the introduction of a different treatment or concessions in relation to these services. The most critical and significant challenge being faced by VAT vendors and universities in particular is compliance with a vast array of amendments to the VAT Legislation, Binding Rulings, Guides and Interpretation Notes issued by the South African Revenue Service (‘SARS’). Noncompliance for whatever reason may result in irregular expenditure and significant penalties and interest imposed for non-compliance, especially in light of the additional penalties being imposed in terms of the Tax Administration Act which was promulgated in October 2012. VAT therefore has a direct impact on the financial affairs and cash flow of VAT registered entities. Furthermore, government funding in respect of tertiary institutions has been on the decline in recent years while the costs of running a tertiary institution have continued to be on the rise. This development has necessitated a change of approach in how tertiary institutions manage their operations. Consequently, there developed a strong need for tertiary institutions to find alternative ways of raising extra funds to make up for the shortfall caused by the decline in funding from government. The provision of short courses, in addition to the traditional full semester diploma and degree courses provided by the institutions, was identified as an opportunity to deliver a certain varied level of educational services to an existing suitable market. This opportunity presented attractive prospects as an alternative source of funding for the institutions in the wake of depleting government funding. In this regard, many of the institutions formed a number of vehicles in order to offer the short courses to the market. The rationale behind such approaches is in order to distinguish the traditional education services (diploma and degree courses) from the non-traditional educational services (short courses).
MT2017