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Journal articles on the topic 'The legislation of Iraq'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 30 May 2022

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Alanizi, Arshad, Muna Alsayed, and Alyaa Mahmood. "Evaluating the Potentials of the Housing Fund Law to Support Housing Finance Policies in Iraq." Al-Nahrain Journal for Engineering Sciences 25, no. 4 (2022): A027—A040. http://dx.doi.org/10.29194/njes.2504a027.

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After long eras of socialism, wars and economic embargo when Iraqi people were severely exhausted, Iraq finally adopts free market economy. Its Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased rapidly.The fortune was to flow in a proper frame of legislations to Iraqis.Since wealth needs time to grow for a person, and housing commodity is of high costs, then legislation were to be issued to organize flow of the national wealth to support private sector in housing finance.In respond, the Law of Iraqi Housing Bank (IHB) No. 32 was issued in 2011.This research is to solve the conflicts of the (IHB) Law and

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2

Alfatlawi, Ahmed Aubais. "Accountability of ISIS For Mass Violations Against Iraqi Women: Study In The Iraqi Criminal Framework." Akkad Journal Of Law And Public Policy 1, no. 4 (2022): 156–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i4.83.

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Several questions remain unanswered in light of the heinous crimes against women committed by ISIS in Iraq. This article will examine Iraq's current criminal framework to see if prosecutions for these violations were appropriate in light of international criminal law principles and the security council measures taken after ISIS took control of Mosul and other areas in Iraq in 2014. As an illustration of the kinds of topics we will cover in this paper: Is the Iraqi criminal justice system capable of investigating and holding ISIS accountable? Why did the Iraqi government make a request to the S

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3

Khdir, Rebaz Rasul. "The Constitutional Status of Islam in the Iraqi Legal Order." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 12, no. 1 (2024): 226–62. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10267.

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The region of Iraq has been part of the Islamic world since the dawn of Islamic Caliphate. Hence, Islam has played an essential role in the foundation and function of the country’s legal order until the downfall of the Ottoman Empire. Following the constitution of the new state of Iraq, Islam was incorporated as merely state religion and a civil right in the 1925 Constitution. This secular status remained in force until the republican era and the adoption of the 1964 Interim Constitution in which Islam was considered as the basic constitutional principle as well. Yet, the drafters of the 1970

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Alansari, Ekhlas Nasraldeen, and Ahmed Yousif Alomary. "Urban Landscape Design for Riverfronts in Iraqi Cities a Comparative Study Between Local and Regional Legislation." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 7 (2022): 2327–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170734.

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Iraq has multiple water resources, so it urgently needs legislation to develop its river bank and benefit from its water resources. The purpose of this study is to investigate the shortcomings in the lack of development of the urban landscape of riverfronts in Iraqi cities by reviewing the legislative aspect of the laws regulating them, which are supposed to improve the quality of life for its citizens and achieve better environmental, social, economic and urban exploitation. This research was carried out using a qualitative approach, by analyzing the content of legislation and guidelines for

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Anoun, Asst Lect Raed Ibrahim. "THE ROLE OF PARLIAMENT IN RESTRICTING THE POWERS OF THE GOVERNMENT RESEARCH ON INSTITUTIONAL BALANCE IN IRAQ AFTER 2005 (COMPARATIVE STUDY)." American Journal of Political Science Law and Criminology 06, no. 10 (2024): 30–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/tajpslc/volume06issue10-05.

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This research deals with the relationship between the ministry and parliament under the current Iraqi constitution of 2005, with a comparison to the current Egyptian constitution of 2014, which examines the role of parliament in restricting the powers of the government and achieving an institutional balance between the two authorities (legislative and executive). The importance of the research lies in analyzing the impact of the balance between the two authorities on political and administrative stability in Iraq and seeking to find solutions to improve the balance and cooperation between them

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Al-Bazzar, Omer Abd Alnafea Khaleel. "Crimes Related to Voter Registration and Inclusion in Electoral Lists: A Comparative Legal Study (Syria, Egypt and Iraq)." Теория и практика общественного развития, no. 12 (December 27, 2023): 378–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.24158/tipor.2023.12.50.

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This article is aimed at a comparative analysis of the legislation of three countries – Syria, Egypt and Iraq – in the context of criminal liability for crimes related to manipulation in electoral processes, especially in voter reg-istration and compilation of electoral lists. The study uses the method of comparative legal analysis, analyzing the legislation of Syria, Egypt and Iraq regarding crimes related to voter registration. The study is based on a systematic analysis of relevant laws, amendments and regulations defining criminal liability for violations in this area. Comparative analysis

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7

Samer Hameed Safar. "Constitutional regulation of the legislative competence of provincial councils in Iraq." Eximia 13 (March 29, 2024): 331–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/eximia.v13i1.458.

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This study aims to highlight the constitutional legitimacy of local laws issued by the governorate councils under Law No. 21 of 2008, which are not related to a specific region. These entities began to issue local laws after the recent amendments under the 2005 Constitution, based on the principle of separation of powers and using the analytical approach. Through analyzing the legal texts of the Iraqi Constitution and the laws of the governorates, the study concluded that these legislations issued by these councils are unconstitutional. The study provides recommendations aimed at correcting th

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Al-Muttar, Mohammed Yousif Oudah. "The Federal General Budget between Reality and Challenges." Webology 19, no. 1 (2022): 3780–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v19i1/web19248.

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The general budget of the State of Iraq and its four stages, starting with enemies, implementation and control over it, are based on a set of legislations, including the amended Financial Management and Public Debt Law No. 95 of 2004. In light of this, the general budget cycle faces several failures, some of which are caused by shortcomings. In the adopted legislation, which affects in one way or another on the general budget, which calls for studying it, drawing attention to it, and submitting proposals that contribute to addressing this to improve the reality of the general budget. This pape

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9

Obaid ABDEL SADA, Dr Hassan, and Dr Ahmed Ali Hussein AL-MAMOURI. "LEGAL MEANS TO PROTECT PUBLIC FUNDS IN IRAQ (COMPARATIVE STUDY)." International Journal of Humanities and Educational Research 06, no. 02 (2024): 427–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2757-5403.25.25.

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Public funds in any country are considered sacred funds that are surrounded with care and legal protection that is consistent with the desired goal of the service that these funds provide to segments of society in general, without exception, through the freedom to enjoy this service, its freeness, and the general use of it, as they are public facilities that are distinguished from private facilities owned by people, which If its services are provided to a specific segment of society, the service will be for a price with certain restrictions imposed on its enjoyment, in addition to specifying t

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10

Ibrahim Abduljaleel Kaky. "Legislative Measures to Confront Cyber Terrorism in Iraq: An Overview Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)." Journal of Information Systems Engineering and Management 10, no. 43s (2025): 593–614. https://doi.org/10.52783/jisem.v10i43s.8457.

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The proliferation of access to information, led to technological development that has both positive and negative impact on society. Terrorism exploited this technology and utilized it to spread ideology, develop terrorist mechanisms while expanding terrorist influence through cyberspace around the world. Iraq has been a major breeding ground for terrorist activities and cyber terrorism has become widespread in the country and across the globe. Yet, there is the absence of specific legal text to confront the menace. This research aims to assess the Iraqi legal measures in confronting cyber terr

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11

Abdul Nabi, Ahmed Abdul Wahid. "Judicial Legislations and the Tribal Claims System in the Royal Period: A Documentary Study." Journal of the College of Education for Women 32, no. 1 (2021): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.36231/coedw.v32i1.1469.

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The present research tackles a number of historical facts and incidents with a purely legal dimension in an important stage in the contemporary history of Iraq, especially the era of the British occupation. This resulted in innumerable social, political and legal problems, particularily the judicial legislation problems in Iraq. These legislations included a set of civil laws and in force governmental procedures that will be discussed historically by examining documents issued by the Ministries of Justice and Interior Affairs in the governments of monarchy for the period from 1921-to-1958. The

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12

Jaiz, Ali Abdul-Sada. "The Impact of Constitutional Judiciary Rulings on the Legislative Policy of Regions and Governorates Not Organized in a Region in Iraq (The Federal Supreme Court as a model)." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 611–23. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10313.

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The constitutional judiciary in Iraq, represented by the Federal Supreme Court, remains a relatively recent institution. Despite the explicit provisions of the 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq, which grant regional authorities the right to exercise legislative, executive, and judicial powers in accordance with its provisions—excluding only those exclusive powers reserved for the federal authorities—the constitutional judiciary has frequently ruled on the validity of legislation enacted by regional legislative bodies. In several instances, it has declared such legislation unconstitutio

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13

Hasan, Salam. "Tax Exemptions and Their Role in Creating International Investment Opportunities in Iraq Wasit Tax Authority / Wasit Investment Authority." Al Kut Journal of Economics and Administrative Sciences 15, no. 48 (2023): 186–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.29124/kjeas.1548.10.

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The investment climate is the real vessel for economic life, and thus developing countries realized the need to create a suitable climate for investment in terms of searching for the necessary solutions to the obstacles that prevent this from happening, and the Iraqi economy shares with those countries many links, especially economic ones, so the politics in Iraq are facing A number of challenges, foremost of which is the legal legislation that guarantees the legitimate right to invest in Iraq. This study attempts to highlight the most important guarantees and legal incentives granted by the I

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Almudarris, Alan Bahaddin Abdulla. "Problematics of Legal Protection for Agricultural Varieties: A Critical Analysis of Legislative Differences in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 223–37. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10288.

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This study addresses the challenges of legal protection for agricultural varieties in Iraq, providing a critical analysis of the legislative discrepancies between the federal Iraqi law and the Kurdistan Region's law on the protection of agricultural varieties. Although the protection of agricultural varieties is considered part of intellectual property, which is expected to be regulated by unified legislation at the state level, the existence of two separate laws has led to complications in legal procedures, weakened protection, and created legal, judicial, and administrative issues. The resea

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15

Ahmed, Robar Majeed. "The impact of the absence of the Federal Council on the quality of federal legislation and the rights of the regions." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 581–93. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10311.

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This research addresses the legal impact of the absence of the Federal Council in the federal legislative authority in Iraq on the representation of regions, focusing on the repercussions of this absence on the effectiveness of legislation and its consistency with the needs of regions. The research highlights the weak representation of regions in legislative decision-making, which leads to the issuance of laws that reflect the interests of the central authority more than the interests of the regions. One of the most prominent negative effects of this absence is the impact on the quality of leg

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Jabir Al-Farhani, Mohammed Abdul Hussein. "Child Labor in International Agreements and Iraqi Law." Indonesian Journal of Law and Justice 2, no. 3 (2025): 20. https://doi.org/10.47134/ijlj.v2i3.3781.

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This study examines the issue of child labor in Iraq within the framework of international agreements and national laws. The research aims to identify the causes behind the prevalence of child labor, analyze human rights perspectives on the issue, and evaluate the stance of Iraqi legislation in addressing the problem. The study employs a descriptive and analytical methodology by reviewing international conventions related to children's rights and Iraqi labor laws, particularly the Iraqi Labor Law and the Constitution. The findings indicate that despite the presence of legal frameworks prohibit

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17

الجبوري, عمر. "حقوق الاقليات في الدساتير العراقية ما بعد عام 2003". Al-Kitab Journal for Human Sciences 1, № 2 (2020): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/kjhs.01.02.p11.

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The Iraqi State Administration Act of 2003 and the Iraqi Constitution of 2005 are a turning point in the history of minorities in Iraq. They stipulate rights that have not been addressed by the Iraqi constitutions since the inception of the Iraqi state until 2003. They stipulated all political and cultural rights and other rights, Using the language of these minorities, and the most important thing that was stipulated by the Iraqi constitution is the use of a single description of components rather than minorities, but the latter still bear political suffering through the absence of legislatio

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18

AL-MAYYAHI, Kadhum Abdallah Nazal. "IMPLEMENTATION OF PENAL PROVISIONS AGAINST A LEGAL INDIVIDUAL AND THEIR PROBLEMS IN IRAQI LEGISLATION." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (2022): 386–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.17.23.

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Legal persons play a large role in societies, especially in recent times, because they have played a positive and pivotal role towards high rates of investment and economic development. However, these legal persons may prove their involvement - in some cases - towards committing many crimes and violating the provisions of the law. Accordingly, the importance of this research comes through dealing with one of the important topics, which is to shed light on the implementation of penal provisions on the legal person and its problems in Iraqi legislation. Our study aims at explaining the approach

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19

Yousuf, Mahmood, Nada Rapantova, and Jalal Younis. "Sustainable Water Management in Iraq (Kurdistan) as a Challenge for Governmental Responsibility." Water 10, no. 11 (2018): 1651. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10111651.

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During the last few decades, a critical scarcity of water has occurred in the Middle East due to climate change and the mismanagement of water resources. The situation is complicated by the absence of an effective legislative framework at the local level as well as by the incapability and disrepute of the local water authorities. Most Iraqi citizens depend on the surface waters of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, which have their sources in upstream neighbouring countries. Water crises concerning the shared waters urgently require a solution at the international level. Unfortunately, Iraq has

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20

Abd Ali Issa, Hussein, and Shakhawan khdir Rasull. "The legal regulation of the crime of enforced disappearance in Iraqi law." Journal of University of Raparin 11, no. 3 (2024): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(11).no(3).paper1.

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Iraq occupies an advanced position in the list of countries that suffer from widespread cases of enforced disappearance, but its penal legislation is still devoid of punishment for the crime of enforced disappearance, despite the fact that it is one of the first countries to accede to the International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance of 2006 based on Act No. (17) of 2010 which raises the question of how criminal accountability for the perpetrators is based on national legislation, especially the Penal Code No. (111) of 1969 and the Iraqi Supreme Crimina

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21

Raja, Raghad Hammad. "Towards achieving quality and equal educational opportunities in Iraq: the role of development and law enforcement in achieving the required change." Journal Port Science Research 7, issue (2024): 476–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36371/port.2024.special.38.

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Legislation is an essential tool for achieving development in any society. It provides the legal framework to stimulate economic and social growth, protects the rights of individuals and companies, and creates a sustainable environment for business and investment. Achieving development, improvement and equal educational opportunities in Iraq is achieved through development and legislation. Quality education contributes to building and strengthening the social and economic structure of Iraq, developing the capabilities of young people and their participation in the labor market, which helps to

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22

الميداني, محمد أمين, and هەلاله محمدأمين. "The Legal Framework for Protecting Freedom of Opinion and Expression (The Case of Iraq as a Model)." Journal for Political and Security Studies 4, no. 7 (2021): 107–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.31271/jopss.10048.

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Despite the existence of international and regional instruments, and national legislation, devoted to organizing and protecting freedom of opinion and expression, they witness many violations and restrictions on their practice. This is after internal developments in many countries revealed the deterioration of political, economic, social and cultural conditions, which constitutes a major topic for studies in both international human rights law and national law, in order to address these violations and set rules and controls that guarantee the preservation of freedom of opinion and expression w

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23

Talib, Nizam Jabbar, and Ali Abdul-Sada Jaiz. "The Effectiveness of International Commercial Arbitration in Federal Iraq: A Critical Study." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 69–86. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10277.

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International commercial arbitration stands as an effective legal mechanism for resolving cross-border commercial disputes, widely recognized for its procedural flexibility and confidentiality, making it a strategic choice for enhancing trust in investment environments. Despite Iraq’s accession to the 1958 New York Convention (aimed at facilitating the recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards), the country continues to face substantial legislative challenges that hinder the activation of this mechanism, particularly due to the absence of a comprehensive national law regulating in

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Akrem, Ali Taha, Naeema Kamal Ali, and Goran Qadir Saeed. "The legislative disparity in questions concerning the implications of the marriage contract between the Personal Status Law of Iraq and the Kurdistan Region - A comparative study." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 339–55. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10296.

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Given the critical legal implications of the marriage contract، such as alimony، custody، inheritance، and mandated will، the disparity in the provisions regulating these issues within personal status laws may negatively affect family stability. Therefore، unifying these laws at the national level is necessary to ensure justice and achieve legal harmony throughout the country. The legal disparity in marital effects between Iraq and the Kurdistan Region appears due to the amendments that included some articles of the Personal Status Law in the region، which resulted in a difference in legislati

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Abdulateef, Arwaa Fakhri. "Local Government and Its Relationship with The Central Government In Light of Iraqi Legislations." International Journal of Membrane Science and Technology 10, no. 4 (2023): 790–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.15379/ijmst.v10i4.2137.

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Objective: The study deals with the situation in Iraq after 2003, which is a new stage in the political and administrative history of Iraq after the adoption of the federal system and the transition from the centralization system to the administrative decentralization system, which was explicitly stated in the Iraqi constitution of 2005, and the law of irregular governorates in Region No. 22 for the year 2008. Method: the descriptive approach was used in explaining the concept of local governance and local administration and the differences between the two concepts, using the comparative metho

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Dhumad, Kadhim Faris, and Roqaia Bassim Khaza'al. "The Impact of Legislative Factor in the Identity of Modern Residential Urban in Iraq." Journal of Engineering 23, no. 2 (2017): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2017.02.08.

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The Urban Residential has developed and changed in different periods of time with successive and gradual shifts, as it cast a shadow over the characterization of modern urbanism in Iraq. The semi-total absence of the governing legislation of urbanization as well as the weakness of the State's role of supervisory in addition to neglecting urban heritage contributed in offering a strange environment in relation to its traditional identity. That was increased by the pressure of the using urban environment as a result of the increasing of population as well as the growth of people’s needs. The res

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Abdulhussein, Ammar Ali shah, and Kadhim Hamdan Sadkhan. "Legal and practical problems of the difference in legislation in the federal state (polygamy in Iraq as a model)." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 624–38. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10314.

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Iraq is one of the countries whose laws are not enacted by a single legislative authority. Rather، there is a federal legislative authority that enacts laws، and in contrast، there is a legislative authority in the Kurdistan Region that enacts special laws that apply to the region and according to what is stated in the 2005 Constitution. Sometimes there may be a discrepancy and conflict between the legislations of one country، as is the case when the federal legislator addresses the issue of polygamy in a manner different from the treatment provided by the regional legislator. This highlights

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Shaikhutdinova, G. R., S. J. Hashim, and A. V. Polikarpova. "Implementation of International Law on the Protection of Wetlands in the Legislation of the Republic of Iraq." Moscow Journal of International Law, no. 4 (February 28, 2024): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/0869-0049-2023-4-50-59.

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INTRODUCTION. The swamps of Iraq are of great ecological, historical and cultural signiﬁcance, however, a number of political, economic and anthropogenic reasons have caused the problem of draining the swamps, which negatively aﬀects the economy and social sphere of the Republic of Iraq. The purpose of the article is to identify and scientiﬁcally analyze problematic issues of determining the status of Iraq's swamps as protected natural areas, within the framework of Iraq's implementation of international norms on the protection of wetlands.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The research materials included

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Hamza, Sadeq Abdul, Sawsan Rasheed, and Azhar Hussein. "Procurement challenges analysis of Iraqi construction projects." Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31, no. 1 (2022): 112–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmbm-2022-0012.

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Abstract Public procurement in Iraq plays an essential function in the development and recovery of the country's economy as well as providing the essential infrastructure for the growth of the private sector. The Coalition Provisional Authority's Government Procurement Legislation No. 87 (2004) is the final procurement law in effect in Iraq. Preparations are underway for new procurement legislation as of Oct. 2021. The objective of the paper is to determine the effectiveness of the public procurement process used in a construction project in Iraq, there is also a lack of procurement methods an

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Zeena Sabah Noori and A.D.K AL-Hiyali. "An Economic Analysis of Iraq’s Role in International Climate Change Agreements Using SWOT Analysis." Journal of Environmental & Earth Sciences 7, no. 4 (2025): 291–308. https://doi.org/10.30564/jees.v7i4.8494.

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The research aims to analyze the most important contributions made by Iraq and its role in global conferences and agreements that dealt with climate change, using SWOT analysis for the purpose of determining Iraq’s vision in confronting climate change until the year 2030. In addition to learning about the legal steps taken by Iraq to confront climate change through legal issuances and legislation that guarantee the protection of the Iraqi environment. Through SWOT analysis, the research found that the areas of strength were represented by 23 points, the most important of which were its contrib

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Hadi Hamid, Zainab. "Legal Frameworks for the Establishment of Free Zones: An Analytical Study of the Case of Iraq." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES 13, no. 01 (2023): 306–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijrssh.v13i01.025.

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Introduction Iraq has legislated Law No. (3) for the year 1998 (the General Authority for Free Zones Law), which stated the reasons for it “a desire to push the wheel of economic and social development forward by attracting national, Arab and foreign capital and industrial investments from developed countries, introducing advanced technology and creating new job opportunities and an increase in the volume of exports and foreign exchange resources, and for the management and investment of free zones as an Iraqi investment that serves national, Arab and international purposes.” Therefore, there

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Genat, Mélisande. "Tribal Justice and State Law in Iraq." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (2021): 507–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000829.

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Literature on tribes in Iraq is scant and often falls prey to simplistic binary approaches to state-society relations. Scholars of legal pluralism provide tools to conceptualize interrelations between adjacent normative fields. Several legal specialists have talked about “a thin form of cooperation” between tribal “private orders” and the Iraqi state. By the same token, many scholars presuppose that the capacity of the tribes and the state to mediate and settle feuds covary in opposite directions and are correlated with the strength of state institutions (tribes step in to fill a vacuum during

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Haliza Nur Madhani, Maulina Maulina, Muhammad Wildan, and Surya Sukti. "Perbandingan Legislasi Hukum Pidana Islam Di Indonesia dan Beberapa Negara Muslim Lainnya." Demokrasi: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Hukum, Sosial dan Politik 1, no. 3 (2024): 72–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.62383/demokrasi.v1i3.252.

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Islamic criminal law is one part of Islamic law that originates from the Qur’an, Hadith, and ijtihad of scholars. Legislation of Islamic criminal law in terms of its application, there are pros and cons responses from the public in countries that adhere to a secular legal system. In Indonesia, Islamic criminal law legislation is not universally applied, but there are several aspects and provisions that have been accommodated into positive law, and only applied in areas with certain special autonomy authority, such as Aceh. In several Muslim countries, Islamic criminal law is strictly and thoro

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Ayub, Zainal Amin. "The Legal Challenges of International Electronic Contracts in Iraq." International Journal of Social Science Research 5, no. 2 (2017): 57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijssr.v5i2.11332.

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The electronic commerce activities raise an emerging legal challenges and problems based on the existing legal systems in Iraq. The traditional commercial relations make the commercial activity on the basis of offer and acceptance relies on the commitment of the seller. For example, to deliver the sales physically on one hand and the buyer has to pay the price either in cash or by using tools that are alternative to direct payment-in cash through trade securities or other means of conventional banking fulfillment. However, it is a different story in relation to electronic commerce transactions

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Stone, Peter. "The identification and protection of cultural heritage during the Iraq conflict: A peculiarly English tale." Antiquity 79, no. 306 (2005): 933–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00115054.

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Abdulridha, Jaafar Naser, Salwan Jaber Hashim, and Evgeny Batirovich Sultanov. "Legal basis for the interaction between local with state authorities." Cuestiones Políticas 38, Especial II (2020): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.46398/cuestpol.382e.09.

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The objective of the article is to analyze the legal basis for interaction between local and state authorities within the framework of the current constitution of the Republic of Iraq. At the methodological level, documentary observation was used. In recent years, after the transition to a new political regime in Iraq in 2003, many issues relating to local administrations and their interaction with state bodies have been identified and enshrined in the Constitution of the Republic of Iraq in 2005. Some of the most serious problems are the lack of a clear organization of relations between gover

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Al Khanaifsawy, Abdullah Najim Abd. "Some Issues of Investment and Mining Arbitration in Iraq." International Journal of Transformations in Business Management 13, no. 02 (2023): 60–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37648/ijtbm.v13i02.005.

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The article reveals the possibilities of the sphere of minerals in Iraq investment legislation that creates a favorable investment climate. The article also discusses international investment arbitration cases in the field of mining with the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan as a respondent. In particular, several ICSID cases and one UNCITRAL case with the participation of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the resolution of disputes in the framework of investing in the extraction of minerals were considered. Analyze of the cases showed that such disputes arose most often due to the unfai

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Hamid, Abdullah Fadhel. "Judicial Jurisdiction in a Federal State - Iraq as a Model – “A Comparative Analytical Study”." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 53–68. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10276.

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The research deals with the judicial jurisdiction in Iraq and the Kurdistan Region-Iraq, in comparison with the same jurisdiction in the United States of America. The research aims to clarify the mechanism of distributing judicial jurisdiction in Iraq as a federal state, and it has become clear to us that there is one type of legislative and judicial authorities in the Iraqi region, which is always federal according to the constitutional description, which means the lack of local public authorities, as well as the absence of federal courts in the Kurdistan Region-Iraq whose jurisdiction is to

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Kuliev, Dzhamali T. "Interfaith marriage: Comparative analysis of the prescriptions of Islam and current legislation of Muslim states." Asia and Africa Today, no. 8 (2022): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s032150750021338-3.

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This article appears to be a follow-up to the article ‘Polygamy and interfaith marriages according to Sharia, fiqh and current legislation of Muslim states’ published by the author in issue № 11 in 2021 of this journal. Within the framework of the present article, the author deeps into the question of the permissibility of interfaith marriages according to the legislation of the countries where Islam is widely spread. The aim of the work is to analyse and compare the postulates of Sharia, fiqh and the legislation norms of some countries for the permissibility of interfaith marriages. The metho

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Atiyah, Ghassan Adhab, Nazura Abdul Manap, and Saidatul Nadia Abd Aziz. "Legal Status of Cryptocurrency Circulation in Iraq: Lessons from the United Arab Emirates and the United States." Hasanuddin Law Review 9, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v9i1.3867.

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The philosophical emergence of cryptocurrencies is a consequence of the desire to get rid of the authorities’ control of the monetary system, which encouraged people to deal with it for investment or to facilitate the fulfilment of their financial obligations. The research problem is represented through the lack of legislation that regulates dealing with cryptocurrencies in Iraq. There are many technical, legal, and security risks for the use and circulation of cryptocurrency, which must be legally addressed and suitable solutions found. Therefore, this article aims to examine and analyse the

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Al-Taweel, Mustafa Talaat Talib, and Houda BenMabrouk. "The Impact of Applying International Accounting Standards on the Tax Base: An Applied Study of a Sample Of Banks Listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange." Journal of Lifestyle and SDGs Review 4, no. 4 (2024): e03555. http://dx.doi.org/10.47172/2965-730x.sdgsreview.v4.n04.pe03555.

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Objectives: The study aimed to examine how international accounting standards affect the taxable base of Iraqi banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange. Methods: A stratified purposeful sample of 33 participants was selected, including top management from financial departments of the National Bank of Iraq, Commercial Bank of Iraq, and Bank of Baghdad, as well as accountants and auditors. Data was collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS software. Results: The findings indicated that accounting information provides essential financial and accounting data necessary for calculatin

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الزركَاني, زينب, та رحمن الايدامي. "الامكانات الجغرافية لاستثمار الطاقة الشمسية في العراق". Uruk Journal 15, № 3-P1 (2022): 1833–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.52113/uj05/022-15/1833-1855.

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Years have passed and Iraq continues to suffer from a severe crisis in the provision of electricity, most of the steam stations in it were made in the 1970 s and suffer from consumption and lack of maintenance as a result of the conditions of the Second Gulf War, these stations were subjected to a number of military strikes that led to severe damage as well as the economic sanctions that prevented Iraq from importing spare parts to repair these stations and the obsolescence of transportation and distribution networks, which were repaired by cutting off Second-hand or homemade spare parts and I

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Atiyah, Ghassan Adhab, Nazura Abdul Manap, and Ahmed Ismael Ibrahim. "LEGAL ISSUES FACED BY SMART CONTRACTS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF CONVENTIONAL CONTRACTS." UUM Journal of Legal Studies 16, no. 1 (2025): 34–53. https://doi.org/10.32890/uumjls2025.16.1.3.

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In the realm of law, technology is utilized to cope with the influx of smart contracts to replace traditional contracts that govern contractual dynamics. Smart contracts differ from traditional contracts as they rely on computer codes to fulfill the contractual obligations of the involved entities. This article discusses the current state of Iraqi contract law and assesses the feasibility of integrating Iraqi law to manage and implement smart contracts within the Iraqi legal system. The study employs a qualitative approach and adopts comparative doctrinal research to investigate current legal

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Hayder, Lana Majid, Asma Hakimah Ab Halim, Noor Aziah Mohd Awal, and Fatimah Yusro Hashim. "Incest in Iraq and the Legal View of the Act." Journal of Law and Sustainable Development 11, no. 7 (2023): e1036. http://dx.doi.org/10.55908/sdgs.v11i7.1036.

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Objective: Shedding light on the dimensions of the crime of incest to contribute to developing solutions to combat this type of crime before it becomes a widespread phenomenon in society. Incest causes great harm to the individual and leads to an insult to the family entity with the consequent imbalance in the social structure. Methodology: A descriptive and analytical study of a phenomenon that remained silent in a society. This article reviews the problem of incest, its impact on an important aspect of people's lives, and the most important factor in the disintegration of the family and the

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Khidhir, Zaianddin Mawlood, Rostovanyi Zsolt, and Zubir Rasool Ahmed. "The Future of Minorities in Post-ISIL Iraq." Journal of University of Raparin 8, no. 1 (2021): 290–309. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(8).no(1).paper12.

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The period after June 2014 has seen forces from the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), an armed group, spread quickly across Iraq. This process has led to massive displacements in which affected over two million people. Indeed, the primary targets of ISIL have been religious and ethnic minorities. Some of these groups include Yazidis, Shabak, Kaka’i, and Christians. Also, ISIL has abducted or injured many people, with thousands also killed. Examples of adverse actions that the armed group has committed include severe human rights abuses such as the looting of property, the abduction

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SHINODA, TOMOHITO. "Japan's Top-Down Policy Process to Dispatch the SDF to Iraq." Japanese Journal of Political Science 7, no. 1 (2006): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109905002070.

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In July 2003, Prime Minister Koizumi successfully passed the legislation to dispatch ground SDF units to Iraq in the Diet. His top-down policy process was completely different from Japan's traditional bottom-up system, which Aurelia George Mulgan calls the ‘Un-Westminster System’ in which the bureaucrats in the ministries play a central role with the LDP being the only political power to negotiate with them. Mulgan also argues that the system has not changed despite recent institutional changes. On the contrary, this paper illustrates how Koizumi and his Cabinet took advantage of the strengthe

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Lafta, Naseer Sabbar. "Recovery of Damage For Lost Profits In Bank Deposit." Akkad Journal Of Law And Public Policy 1, no. 1 (2021): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.55202/ajlpp.v1i1.65.

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Iraq's banking system is different in that it includes nationalized banks, private banks, foreign banks, Islamic banks, particular development banks, and cooperative banks. Currently, the size of loan defaults in the banking industry is enormous. However, the popular view is that loans and advances have a higher recovery rate. This article aims to explore the problems governing banking operations in Iraq and summarize the provisions of Iraqi legislation relating to the recovery of bank profit losses. According to the study given in this example, lending practices with Iraqi banking instruments

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Yaba, Kamal Anwar, Hoshmand Rafiq Ibrahim, and Vian Farooq Mohammed. "Financial Rights of the Kurdistan Region in Federal Iraq An Analytical Study in Light of the Constitution and the Federal Financial Management Law." Journal of Legal and Political Studies 13, Special Issue 2025 (2025): 125–40. https://doi.org/10.17656/jlps.10281.

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The financial dispute between the Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) and the Federal Government of Iraq represents one of the most intricate, recurrent, and contentious issues in the Iraqi political landscape. It is characterized by a continuous contest between the federal government and the KRG over the allocation and control of financial resources, a conflict that resurfaces with each cycle of drafting and deliberating a new federal budget. This dispute is primarily concerned with the financial entitlements of the Kurdistan Region as stipulated by the Iraqi Constitution and the federal fina

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Genovese, Danila. "Children’s rights, Counter-terrorism Legislation and Racialized Security Goals." Review of Human Rights 10, no. 1 (2024): 115–39. https://doi.org/10.35994/rhr.v10i1.269.

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After the territorial defeat of the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS) thousands of women and children who were associated with ISIS have been interned and detained in various camps in northeast Syria. The present article analyses the story of Ms Shamima Begum, a British teenager who, in 2015, was groomed and trafficked to Syria to marry an ISIS fighter and the case of thousands of foreign children, who are currently detained indefinitely, for their perceived links with the terrorist organisation. The investigation will be carried through the lens of international law by exploring whether

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Abdullah Ahmed, Bzhar. "Critical Analysis of the Right of Publicity." 34 34, no. 2 (2024): 9–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2182-9845_2024-0002_0003.

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This article critically analyses the right of publicity under the laws of the United States (specifically California and New York), Iraq, the United Kingdom and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) convention. The right of publicity is defined as a right designed to preclude the unauthorised utilisation of an individual's identity, typically involving appropriation of an individual’s likeness, name, voice, or image. This right was recognised to address the gaps and shortcomings of the right to privacy. This article analysed the legal frameworks of various jurisdictions, including the

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