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Cláesson, Malin. "Revisorns roll i att upptäcka bedrägerier." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen Handels- och IT-högskolan, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-17880.
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Revisorns roll har på senare tid kommit att innefatta mer än att säkerställa de finansiella talensriktighet. En stor del av revisorns arbetsuppgifter handlar om att tillstå sina klienter med alltyp av rådgivning. En följd av revisorns utökade arbetsuppgifter är att det ställer krav pårevisorn att inneha kunskap om en rad olika ämnen. Denna utveckling har kommit attinnebära att allmänheten anses ha höga förväntningar på revisorn i dess yrkesroll.Tidigare forskning visar att bedrägerier inom organisationer har ökat på senare tid och att dethar kommit att bli ett ökat problem i samhället. I och med indikationer på att bedrägerier iorganisationer har ökat anses allmänheten också ha förväntningar på att revisorn skallupptäcka bedrägerier när de utför revision. Revisorerna själva anser däremot inte att det är ettsyfte med revisionen att upptäcka eventuella bedrägerier. Forskare menar dock attallmänhetens förväntningar är så pass höga att revisorerna måste ta hänsyn till detta krav.Tidigare forskning samt de tillfrågade revisorerna bekräftar att bedrägerier i företag är mycketproblematiska att upptäcka med hänsyn till det faktum att de inte enskilt har någon storpåverkan på de finansiella räkenskaperna för ett bolag.Meningsskiljaktigheter råder mellan revisorerna och användarna kring revisorns roll och bådetidigare forskning samt de revisorer jag har intervjuat i denna studie vittnar om att det råderett förväntningsgap mellan de olika parterna. En vanlig missuppfattning menar revisorerna imin undersökning är att allmänheten tror att revisorerna reviderar och kontrollerar pådetaljnivå. I både tidigare forskning samt empiriskt underlag finner jag uppfattningen attkunskapen kring revisorns roll måste öka. Tidigare forskning och de tillfrågaderespondenterna är överens om att information är huvudnyckeln till att minska deförväntningsgap som råder och som från revisorernas sida uppfattas som mycket olyckligt.Studien har gjorts i syfte att med kvalitativa semistrukturerade intervjuer med revisorerklargöra hur revisorerna själva ser på sin roll att upptäcka bedrägerier i organisationer.Studien består sammanlagt av åtta respondenter representerade på fyra revisionsbyråer varavtre stycken är stora revisionsbolag och en mindre revisionsbyrå. Resultatet av denna studievisar att revisorerna är överens om att upptäcka bedrägerier inte är ett huvudmål medrevisionen utan utgör endast en del. Revisorerna i studien menar att det är deras uppgift attgranska utifrån väsentlighet och risk. Samtliga respondenter menar att det är ledningensansvar att upptäcka bedrägerier men framförallt betonar de vikten av att förebyggabedrägerier med hjälpa av goda interna kontroller.Program: Civilekonomprogrammet
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Blanco, Alba. "A theory of governance in sovereign lending." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ31918.pdf.
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Yan, Yujie yy. "A General Approach to Buhlmann Credibility Theory." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1011812/.
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Credibility theory is widely used in insurance. It is included in the examination of the Society of Actuaries and in the construction and evaluation of actuarial models. In particular, the Buhlmann credibility model has played a fundamental role in both actuarial theory and practice. It provides a mathematical rigorous procedure for deciding how much credibility should be given to the actual experience rating of an individual risk relative to the manual rating common to a particular class of risks. However, for any selected risk, the Buhlmann model assumes that the outcome random variables in both experience periods and future periods are independent and identically distributed. In addition, the Buhlmann method uses sample mean-based estimators to insure the selected risk, which may be a poor estimator of future costs if only a few observations of past events (costs) are available. We present an extension of the Buhlmann model and propose a general method based on a linear combination of both robust and efficient estimators in a dependence framework. The performance of the proposed procedure is demonstrated by Monte Carlo simulations.
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Black, Lamont K. "Essays on small business lending." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3264326.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Economics and Dept. of Finance, 2007.Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-05, Section: A, page: 2094. Advisers: Eric L. Leeper; Gregory F. Udell. "Title from dissertation home page (viewed Jan. 24, 2008)."
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Ward, Caroline. "Robust theory applied to Jewell's hierarchical credibility model." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0025/MQ39960.pdf.
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Yeo, Keng Leong Actuarial Studies Australian School of Business UNSW. "Claim dependence in credibility models." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Actuarial Studies, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/25971.
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Existing credibility models have mostly allowed for one source of claim dependence only, that across time for an individual insured risk or a group of homogeneous insured risks. Numerous circumstances demonstrate that this may be inadequate and insufficient. In this dissertation, we developed a two-level common effects model, based loosely on the Bayesian model, which allows for two possible sources of dependence, that across time for the same individual risk and that between risks. For the case of Normal common effects, we are able to derive explicit formulas for the credibility premium. This takes the intuitive form of a weighted average between the individual risk's claims experience, the group's claims experience and the prior mean. We also consider the use of copulas, a tool widely used in other areas of work involving dependence, in constructing credibility premiums. Specifically, we utilise copulas to model the dependence across time for an individual risk or group of homogeneous risks. We develop the construction with several well-known families of copulas and are able to derive explicit formulas for their respective conditional expectations. Whilst some recent work has been done on constructing credibility models with copulas, explicit formulas for the conditional expectations have rarely been made available. Finally, we calibrate these copula credibility models using a real data set. This data set relates to the claims experience of workers' compensation insurance by occupation over a 7-year period for a particular state in the United States. Our results show that for each occupation, claims dependence across time is indeed present. Amongst the copulas considered in our empirical analysis, the Cook-Johnson copula model is found to be the best fit for the data set used. The calibrated copula models are then used for prediction of the next period's claims. We found that the Cook-Johnson copula model gives superior predictions. Furthermore, this calibration exercise allowed us to uncover the importance of examining the nature of the data and comparing it with the characteristics of the copulas we are calibrating to.
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Aniket, Kumar. "Essays in microfinance : theory and evidence on sequential lending." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2007. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1965/.
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The dissertation explores mechanisms by which a lender can use timings of loans to engender peer monitoring and increase lending efficiency, when lending to a group of jointly liable impoverished individuals. We show that by disbursing the loans in a sequence (restricting the number of loans per period), the lender can finance a greater range of projects and allow poorer individuals to join the groups. Sequential lending entails lending to one borrower per period with the proviso that the second borrower's loan is contingent on first borrower's repayment. Simultaneous lending lets the borrowers make the decisions on their respective tasks simultaneously, requiring the lender to incentivise tasks collectively. Sequential lending separates the decisions on the task temporally and tasks are incentivised individually. Conversely, the lender's capital is less productive in sequential as compared to simultaneous lending. We show that if monitoring technology is sufficiently efficient, a greater range of projects are feasible under sequential lending. In a case-study of a Microfinance Institution in India, we found evidence of sequential lending. The lender restricted the number of group members that could borrow simultaneously, giving non-borrowers incentives to monitor the borrowers. We found significant income heterogeneity within the groups with wealthier members obtaining a higher proportion of loans. We build a stylised model based on the case-study. We show that the lender can engender negative assortative matching (wealthy pairing-up with poorer individuals) by restricting credit to the group. By requiring that the borrower and the non-borrower acquire a stake in the borrower's project, the lender determines the wealth-threshold for joining the group. Restricting credit creates intra-group competition for loans. The wealthy pair-up with poorer individuals to curtail the competition for loans within the group. By forbidding the group members to borrow simultaneously, the lender is able to lower the wealth-threshold for joining the group.
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Mariotti, Marco. "Three essays on credibility and beliefs in game theory." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241039.
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Cairney, Timothy D. "Credibility of annual management earnings forecasts : theory and evidence /." Diss., This resource online, 1994. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-06062008-164623/.
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Rollins, Cynthia Karyn. "Instant credibility : an exploratory study of web site credibility through the application of communication and design theory." Scholarly Commons, 2003. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/577.
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The Internet is an incredibly complex and understudied communication channel. In a state of constant flux, the Net continues to give rise to new and farreaching types of interaction among its users. The Internet and its infinite web sites are at the global community's disposal. The abundance and selection of information has made the Internet the tool of all trades. Because of the prominent place the Net has assumed, it is important for web sites to be perceived as credible.
The current study is based on the results of a large-scale study conducted by Stanford University Persuasive Technology Lab in 2002. Stanford determined that 46.1 percent of the time, respondents judged a web site as credible, based on "design/look" of the web site. The current study replicates the Stanford findings, on a smaller scale, and forges an empirical link between specific design variables and the theory of source credibility.
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Huang, Danwei. "Robustness of generalized estimating equations in credibility models." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B38842312.
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San, Miguel Olga Arratibel. "Monetary policy, credibility and central bank constitutions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4017/.
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Although most macroeconomists agree that the control of inflation may involve losses of output, there is no consensus about why. New Classical economists, focusing on the issue of credibility, have identified incentive problems as important obstacles to price stability. On the contrary, many new Keynesians regard credibility problems as secondary. They focus on the microeconomic details of wage and price adjustments as potential sources of disinflationary costs. Yet, if the costs and the benefits of anti-inflationary policy are strictly related to the market structure of the economy, so will be the incentives tempting the monetary authority to inflate. Indeed, what we show in this thesis is that the microeconomic aspects of wage and price setting not only affect the costs (benefits) of credible disinflationary (inflationary) policy, but that they need to be considered to determine whether those disinflationary (inflationary) policies can be perceived as credible or not. Despite the relevance of this problem, the economic analysis of microfoundations has received little attention at the time of designing efficient resolutions for the credibility problem of monetary policy. This idea has been illustrated in different ways. First, Rogoff's idea of delegation does not seem very attractive, if the wage setting process appears to be dominated by insider workers. Moreover, we have underlined the difficulties that a country like Spain, with a highly distorted labour market, may face in fighting inflation. Second, interesting patterns of inflation and output behaviour may be generated by the interaction of both credibility problems and staggered wage setting. Finally, although the difficulties of implementing anti-inflationary policies are emphasised in all our examples, they are particularly severe when near-rational behaviour or, alternatively, costs of changing prices are taken into account.
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Huang, Danwei, and 黃丹薇. "Robustness of generalized estimating equations in credibility models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38842312.
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Abdel-Bary, Tarek Ezzat Mohamed. "New model for aviation hull insurance rating applying credibility theory." Thesis, City University London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304601.
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García, Juan Angel. "Essays in credibility and the source of inflation persistence." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2000. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/4378/.
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In the first chapter we investigate the strategy of exchange rate pegging as a solution to the lack of credibility of domestic monetary policy in the context of the European Monetary System (EMS). Existing theoretical models cannot explain the following features of the EMS and its crisis in 1992: its progressive hardening from 1987 onwards; the fact that credibility was 'shared'; the progressive deterioration of credibility after the first Danish referendum without changes in the economic fundamentals. We argue that the reason lies in the fact that the literature has not incorporated the changes in the perceived prospects of EMU. We show that an adjustable peg regime that incorporates those prospects can explain the three features listed above and provide an alternative interpretation of the EMS crisis. We then focus our attention on the short-run dynamics of U.S. inflation. U.S. price inflation exhibits substantial inertia. The source of that inflation inertia is however controversial. In the second part of the thesis, we derive a wage contracting specification that implies inflation persistence to investigate the role of nominal rigidities to explain that degree of inertia. The contracting specification is derived from intertemporal optimisation under two basic assumptions: (i) wage staggering; (11) relative wage concern by wage-setters. The novelty is the analysis of relative wage concern. In chapter 2 we review the existing evidence and theoretical support pointing at relative wage concern as a fundamental factor in the wage contracting process. In chapters 3 and 4, we build a dynamic general equilibrium macromodel to study its implications. In chapter 3 we investigate two potential sources of inflation inertia: the contracting specification described above, and the lack of rationality of expectations. We then carry out a test for the source of inflation inertia. Our empirical results suggest that alternative sources of inertia beyond that imparted by the lack of full rationality of expectations are needed to characterise U.S. inflation dynamics. In chapter 4 we focus our investigation on the persistence of the real effects of money shocks. In contrast to previous models of staggered wages/prices, output and inflation persistence are robust findings of the model. Moreover, persistence results hold for all the sensible parameterisations. Given the empirical evidence in favour of the existence of a strong relative wage concern, we conclude that relative concern may be the missing piece in the money shocks persistence puzzle raised by recent literature.
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Rollins, Cynthia Karyn. "Instant credibility : an exploratory study of web site credibility through the application of communication and design theory : a thesis." Scholarly Commons, 2001. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/577.
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The Internet is an incredibly complex and understudied communication channel. In a state of constant flux, the Net continues to give rise to new and farreaching types of interaction among its users. The Internet and its infinite web sites are at the global community's disposal. The abundance and selection of information has made the Internet the tool of all trades. Because of the prominent place the Net has assumed, it is important for web sites to be perceived as credible.
The current study is based on the results of a large-scale study conducted by Stanford University Persuasive Technology Lab in 2002. Stanford determined that 46.1 percent of the time, respondents judged a web site as credible, based on "design/look" of the web site. The current study replicates the Stanford findings, on a smaller scale, and forges an empirical link between specific design variables and the theory of source credibility.
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Head, Katharine J. "Tanning bed use, deviance regulation theory, and source factors." Thesis, [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2368.
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Lo, Chi-ho. "Estimation of structural parameters for panel data in credibility context." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31557442.
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Akomas, George Chiagozie. "Effects of geographical location on MFI lending behaviour in developing countries." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34683/.
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Ever since the United Nations declared 2005 the year of micro-credit and linked it to the Millennium Development Goals, and especially on poverty reduction, there has been a series of studies looking at factors affecting the flow of credit down the poverty line. This is of particular importance because in spite of the success of Microfinance Institutions such as the Grameen Bank in Bangladesh and BancoSol in Mexico, evidence shows that many Microfinance Institutions do not reach down the poverty line but tend to cluster at the top. Developing several hypotheses using the elements of the neo-institutional theory, this study looks at how geographic location affects how Microfinance Institutions target their clients and the moderating effect that their regional context has on other factors. This is analysed using an unbalanced panel of 6, 645 observations drawn from 443 MFI institutions in 81 countries divided into 5 regions for the time period 2000-2014. An ordered logit regression was run using the target markets as the ordinal dependable variables. Based on the arguments of the neo-institutional theory, this study builds on previous ones by using a larger sample size (and number of years) to examine how the regional context affects the relationship between institutional quality and the selective lending behaviour of MFIs in 81 developing countries. An ordered logit regression was carried out using an unbalanced panel of 6645 observations from 443 MFI institutions across six regions from 2000-2014 against a broad range of company, country, regional and global specific variables. The results indicate that the geographic locations affects how MFIs lend down the poverty line with MFIs in and those in Eastern Europe and Central America less likely to lend to down the poverty line. The study found that the regional context also plays a big role in how institutional factors affect MFI lending practises with certain factors being more relevant in some regions than in others. This study also makes a case for using target markets as a better measure for depth of outreach as opposed to the more popular loan sizes and identifies the role that rural population growth and mobile phone penetration play in increasing depth of outreach of microfinance.
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Lo, Chi-ho, and 盧子豪. "Estimation of structural parameters for panel data in credibility context." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2005. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31557442.
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Arntson, Margaux. "A Critical Analysis of Humanitarian Intervention as a Source of Reputational Credibility." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1958.
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Since his election into office, a cloud of uncertainty has surrounded President Trump’s foreign policy ambitions. Much of today’s scholarship concerns its unpredictable nature and scope. President Trump, like previous presidents who have come before him, entered office with very little foreign policy experience. A key feature of his non-principled, fast-alternating foreign policy is that few people know exactly what he is going to propose next in terms of his international strategy. Coupled with this strategy is Trump’s desire for international credibility and a strong reputation. This desire seems fundamentally at odds with his foreign policy strategy, as Trump proposes isolationist measures and countries learn to fear his foreign policy’s unpredictability.
This paper aims to take a critical look at the role of humanitarian intervention in a country’s foreign policy. It analyses whether countries like the United States can successfully introduce humanitarian intervention as a successful foreign policy prescription. More specifically, it aims to answer the following research question: is it possible for the United States to reclaim its founding values through intervention in humanitarian crises without hindering the country’s military credibility?
This paper first proposes theory, then aims to cement that theory in a real-world scenario through the analysis of a specific case study. It uses a combination of primary sources, secondary sources, and more qualitative methods of data gathering to deeply analyze the relationship between humanitarian intervention, military credibility, and the United States’ founding values. It then goes on to critically analyze the application of these findings to the genocide currently occurring in West Sudan.
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Xu, Xiaochen, and 徐笑晨. "Estimation of structural parameters in credibility context using mixedeffects models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B4020361X.
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Xu, Xiaochen. "Estimation of structural parameters in credibility context using mixed effects models." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/b4020361x.
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Moura, Filipe André Carolino. "Credibility models applied to worker's compensation insurance." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/8290.
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Mestrado em Ciências ActuariaisA Teoria da Credibilidade providencia uma maneira de tarifar um risco no ramo segurador, fazendo para isso uso do histórico de sinistros, tanto individual como colectivo, para encontrar o prémio puro. Tem estado em desenvolvimento durante aproximadamente um século e é uma ferramenta importante que qualquer actuário deverá saber utilizar. Dos vários modelos de Credibilidade disponíveis, escolhemos o Modelo Bühlmann-Straub, amplamente reconhecido como o mais importante do ramo segurador, e o Modelo Hierárquico, que expande o Modelo Bühlmann-Straub através da implementação de uma estrutura hierárquica. Estes são aplicados à linha de negócio Acidentes de Trabalho, para determinar quais as melhores abordagens a cada um dos modelos.
Credibility Theory provides a way to rate a risk in insurance, making use of both the individual and collective claim experience to find the pure premium. It has been in development for almost a century now, and is an important tool that every actuary should know. From the many Credibility Models available to use, we chose the Bühlmann-Straub model, widely regarded as the most important one in insurance, and the Hierarchical Model, that expands upon the Bühlmann-Straub model by implementing an hierarchical structure in the model. We apply these to the Worker's Compensation line of business, to determine what the best approaches to each model are.
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Cranis, Peter F. "Inoculation theory: motivation mechanism vs. attack credibility as mediators of resistance to persuasion." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 1988. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/RTD/id/16061.
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Mills, Paul Spencer. "Should interest exist? : non-usurious finance in economic thought, theory and practice." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275241.
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Andersson, Emma. "Credibility in Comedy is No Joke : A multimodal study of the credibility of, and communication campaign manifested in, the political satire program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35501.
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Research into political satire programs show that they can be informative in the same way traditional news inform citizens and that the audience trust the information told by satirists. The political satire program Last Week Tonight with John Oliver has inspired the phenomenon ‘the John Oliver Effect’ due to comedian John Oliver’s ability to influence the world of politics and beyond with his in-depth investigations in serious subjects. In the author’s previous research Last Week Tonight has been portrayed by the media as being a credible source despite being the work of a comedian. This study therefore aimed to research what it is that makes Oliver and Last Week Tonight a credible source and whether some aspects of the reporting can be seen as communication campaign. With the theory of source credibility as part of its core, this study used the method of multimodality to ascertain that the main aspect that spoke to Oliver’s credibility was his perceived trustworthiness rather that his expertise or attractiveness. Using the same method but with the theory of communication campaign as part of its core, the study also ascertained that the program in general possessed some characteristics of a communication campaign but to be completely successful an episode had to possess all characteristics of a communication campaign. Merging this with previous research would indicate that subjectivity – Oliver’s authenticity and honest opinions and feelings – play an important part in his perceived credibility.
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DeShields, Oscar Winston. "The relationship between spokesperson credibility and purchase intentions : a proposed theory and experimental evaluation." FIU Digital Commons, 1992. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2779.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to develop and evaluate an expanded spokesperson credibility model to address issues uncovered in Ohanian's (1991) study about linkages between spokespersons ' credibility and consumers ' purchase intentions. Based on Tajfel's social categorization theory (1981), 12 hypotheses were developed to test direct and indirect relationships between spokesperson's credibility and purchase intentions.
The sample for the study consisted of 1,162 respondents 82.9% students and 17.1% nonstudents; 48.2% males and 51.4% females; 31.3% Caucasian (American); 24.5% Cuban (American); 19.6% other Hispanics and 22.5% other ethnic groups. The data were collected .by having respondents either view a video tape or listen to an audio tape in a classroom or shopping mall setting. The respondents were told that they would hear a spokesperson presenting a message. After listening to the message they would then be asked to complete a questionnaire.
The spokesperson credibility model was tested using covariance structure analysis as implemented in the LISREL software. A series of ANOVAs were used to test the impact of the moderating variables on purchase intentions.
The findings indicate that Ohanian's (1991) credibility constructs i.e., attractiveness, trustworthiness, and expertise are significantly related to purchase intentions. In addition, the following interactions were found to be statistically significant:
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Fred, Stephanie. "Examining Endorsement and Viewership Effects on the Source Credibility of YouTubers." Scholar Commons, 2015. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/5685.
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The growth of YouTube has resulted in the industrialization of a platform that redefines mainstream success. Success measures such as endorsements and viewership are serving as motivational factors for YouTubers. YouTubers and brands want more views, but are those motivations effecting perception? While much research has focused on the effects that YouTube has on the brand, this study focuses on the effects that the brand has on the YouTuber. It also determines whether viewership affects YouTuber perception and whether it‟s a success measure worth using. Using the constructs of the source credibility theory, this study assessed the main effect of brand endorsement and viewership on perceived expertise and trustworthiness of YouTubers. After conducting an online experiment, findings suggest that non-brand endorsed YouTubers possess higher-rated expertise and trustworthiness. While viewership did not make a difference in perceived expertise, it did result in higher-rated trustworthiness when a YouTuber possesses lower viewership.
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Stoyanova, Svetoslava. "Eco-labeling organizations and the credibility debate in International Relations." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22442.
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The main purpose of this thesis is to explore the relationship between best practice adherence and the ownership status of an eco-labeling organization. The research question that is aiming to answer is what key factors most often explain differences in the level of credibility between for-profit carbon management eco-labels and not-for-profit carbon management eco-labels in transnational environmental governance. The case studies of interest are the two certification agencies Verra and The Carbon Reduction Institute. The issue of credibility of eco-labeling schemes will be looked through a Green IR theoretical perspective and debunked with Neoliberal IR theory. The methods which will be used are Small-N comparison and Qualitative Content Analysis conducted through Index for Best Practices. The data for the study is acquired from the online platforms of the two case studies for investigation.
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Islam, Qamarullah Bin Tariq. "Financial liberalisation, bank excess liquidity and lending : a bank-level study for the economy of Bangladesh." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7271/.
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One of the main aims of financial liberalisation was to increase banking sector competition. Different policies were prescribed for this with one of the ultimate objectives being that banks would be able to lend without any constraint. If banks are able to lend their deposits fully then there will be no excess liquidity in the banking sector; even a significant increase of lending will imply reduction in excess liquidity. However, it is observed that although the process of financial liberalisation started around the early 1990s for most of the developing economies, still there is substantial excess liquidity problem in the banking sector in these countries, including Bangladesh. This study examined the possible reasons for excess liquidity and lending in Bangladesh using bank-level data of 37 banks for the period of 1997-2011 applying panel estimation methods. The first empirical chapter analysed how financial liberalisation affected the excess liquidity situation in banks. The second chapter examined how excess liquidity was related with business cycle and the recent financial crisis. The final empirical chapter looked at how financial liberalisation was related to lending. One key contribution of this study is that it applied an index of financial liberalisation to identify the process and its effect more comprehensively. Another important contribution of this research is to see if there were any definite patterns for different bank typologies. To address this, four bank-specific characteristics of ownership, size, mode of operation and age were used. Financial liberalisation was found to have significant positive relationship with excess liquidity as well as for lending for all types of banks. It was also observed that business cycle had a significant positive impact on excess liquidity. However less significant relationship between the financial crisis and excess liquidity showed the resilience of the banking sector in Bangladesh during the crisis. When bank-specific characteristics were analysed, the results showed that public banks had higher growth of excess liquidity and lower lending than private banks and new banks had lower growth of excess liquidity and higher lending than old banks. No definite differences could be observed between Islamic and conventional banks. It was also observed that public banks acted less procyclically than the private banks while large and new banks acted more procyclically than their counterparts. For the recent financial crisis, it is concluded that large and new banks had more excess liquidity than their counterparts while other typologies were found to be indifferent. Analysis of significant positive impact of financial liberalisation on both lending and excess liquidity suggested that prudent lending by banks to avoid loan default in the face of increased risk was a key for this parallel movement. Differences in interest rate according to bank-specific characteristics are found to be influential for the significant variations according to bank typologies.
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Beam, Brooke W. "Lights, Cameras, and Agricultural Documentaries: Understanding viewers’ interpretation of source credibility in food documentary films." The Ohio State University, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1500448684766755.
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Karlsson, Isac, and Gerdin Ludvig Wärnberg. "Determining an Optimal Loan Limit Strategy for SME Lending." Thesis, KTH, Matematisk statistik, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-275651.
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The purpose of this thesis it to determine an optimal loan limit strategy. The optimality conditions are formulated in two different ways to account for two different objectives: maximizing the total profit and maximizing the approval rate. These objectives have been formulated as mathematical models and solved using linear programming. Moreover, the effects of changes to model constraints have been analyzed. The project was conducted in collaboration with Froda Företagslån, a digital lending platform that provides loans to Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.Denna uppsats syftar till utveckla en optimal kreditlimitstrategi, vilket kan formuleras på olika sätt beroende på vad kreditgivarens huvudsakliga mål är. I detta fall undersöks vilka limiter som bör sättas när målet är att maximera vinsten samt när målet är att maximera antalet lån som godkänns och betalas ut. Ovanstående har sedan formulerats som matematiska modeller som sedan löses med hjälp av linjär programmering. Vidare har effekterna av förändring hos modellens parametrar analyserats. Projektet bedrevs i samarbete med Froda Företagslån, en digital långivare som inriktar sig mot Små och Medelstora Företag.
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Choi, Seung-Woo. "Stabilisation policy and credibility in an open economy : theory and empirical evidence for the United Kingdom." Thesis, University of Essex, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.359222.
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Lovins, Jason H. "Effects of Emotional Words in Crisis Communication Response Messages on an Organization’s Trust, Perceived Credibility and Public’s Behavior Intent." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou14998000860876.
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Lopes, Romeu Mendes da Silva. "Online reviews credibility and website quality: implications on travellers’ decision making." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/14087.
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Doutoramento em Marketing e EstratégiaThe online travel sales represent a considerable market share and a continued growth is predicted in the coming years. With the evolution of information and communication technologies, the online platforms emerge as important information sources for an increasingly informed and demanding tourist. Actually, the number of tourists who prefer and trust in websites with amateur reviews is growing. Giving the emergence of this social interaction process nowadays part of the power of marketing lies in consumers. Social media and the new digital form of word-of-mouth (eWOM) are receiving a significant attention by researchers, especially in the context of the tourism sector. However, there is a need to further explore the subject, trying to understand how the online reviews influence the choice of a given hotel, and find the best way to use social media to interact with actual and potential customers. On the other hand, website quality and customer satisfaction emerge as critical business concerns, especially in an e-commerce perspective, due to the low percentage of website visitors that purchase from it. Accordingly, there is a lack of research on the assessment and satisfaction degree of tourists regarding websites targeted for booking accommodation online. This research aims to increase knowledge concerning these subjects. The study develops the ReWebility framework that explores the website’s quality and the credibility of online reviews, and their influence on tourist’s decision-making process, especially tourist’s loyalty to those websites. In this research we follow a quantitative approach, resorting to an online questionnaire. The sample consists of 351 internet users who have already booked accommodation through online platforms. Initially we proceeded to a descriptive analysis using SPSS software, followed by a confirmatory factor analysis and a structural equation model (SEM). The results confirm that tourists read online reviews before choosing a hotel, and consider them as trusted, credible and accurate. The proposed model suggests a chain between online reviews credibility, company reputation, e-satisfaction and e-loyalty, which might be the basis for further investigations related to consumer behaviour in online settings. The perceived value of the hotel reviewed and booked is the most influential determinant for a satisfactory online booking experience. In order to induce tourists to book online the website should ensure the best price, but not necessary the lowest one. At the end we will discuss the theoretical contributions and the practical implications, some suggestions, and future research lines.
As vendas de viagens online representam uma quota de mercado considerável e um crescimento continuado está previsto para os próximos anos. Com a evolução das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, as plataformas online surgem como importantes fontes de informação para um turista cada vez mais informado e exigente. Na verdade, o número de turistas que preferem e confiam em sites com comentários amadores está a aumentar. Com o surgimento deste processo de interação social, hoje em dia parte do poder do marketing encontra-se nos consumidores. As mídias sociais e o novo formato digital de passa-a-palavra estão a receber uma atenção significativa dos investigadores, especialmente no contexto do setor turístico. No entanto, há necessidade de explorar melhor o assunto, tentando entender como as opiniões online influenciam a escolha de um determinado hotel, e encontrar a melhor forma de usar as mídias sociais para interagir com os clientes atuais e potenciais. Por outro lado a qualidade do website e a satisfação do cliente surgem como preocupações críticas para o negócio, especialmente no âmbito do comércio eletrónico, devido à baixa percentagem de visitantes do website que compram a partir do mesmo. Neste sentido, constatou-se haver uma carência de pesquisas sobre o grau de avaliação e satisfação dos turistas em relação a sites de reserva de alojamento. A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo aumentar o conhecimento a respeito destes assuntos. O estudo desenvolve o modelo ReWebility para explorar a qualidade do site e a credibilidade das opiniões online, e a influência destes aspetos no processo decisório dos turista, nomeadamente a fidelidade destes para com o website. Nesta pesquisa usámos uma abordagem quantitativa, com o recurso a um questionário online. A amostra é constituída por 351 usuários da internet que já efetuaram reservas de alojamento através de plataformas online. Inicialmente procedeu-se a uma análise descritiva utilizando o software SPSS, seguida de uma análise fatorial confirmatória e do modelo de equações estruturais. Os resultados confirmam que os turistas leem comentários online antes de reservar um hotel, considerando-os como confiáveis, credíveis e precisos. O modelo proposto sugere uma cadeia entre a credibilidade das opiniões online, a reputação da empresa, e-satisfação e e-lealdade, que pode ser a base para futuras investigações no âmbito do comportamento do consumidor em contexto online. A perceção de valor relativamente ao hotel analisado e reservado é o determinante mais influente para uma experiência de reserva online satisfatória. Para induzir os turistas a reservar online o site deve garantir o melhor preço, mas não necessariamente o mais baixo. No final vamos apresentar as contribuições teóricas e as implicações práticas, bem como algumas sugestões e linhas de investigação futuras.
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DellaCorte, Patricia. "University Homepage Affordances: The Influence Of Hyperlinks On Perceptions Of Source Credibility." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1463497101.
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Mulder, Gert Jan. "Banks, credit and culture : cross border lending and credit ratings, their effectiveness and the impact of cultural differences." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/7226.
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Having the author been involved in banking and finance for almost 25 years, this thesis intends to reflect on the role of banks with emphasis on cross border lending and credit rating, their effectiveness and the impacts of cultural differences. Perhaps this would not differ substantially from a researcher or a scholar, yet the exploratory approach taken in this research will be somewhat different as it deliberately seeks to answer a number of questions relevant to practitioners in today’s banking. In trying to achieve this goal, this thesis hopefully may find its way to international bankers wondering about the perspectives of their business in general and their profession in specific. It even may perhaps improve the understanding of their clients. The Basel committee which published the new Basel II framework on bank regulation and supervision was the result of long and careful discussions, wide consultations and comprehensive impact studies. Whereas Basel II covers the entire risk profile and supervision of financial institutions, this research is limited to the cross border lending by banks to companies and provides the views from both practicing international bankers and their customers on their 3 expectations regarding Basel II, credit rating and the relevance of context and culture differences. Bankers all over the world are being trained on how to read balance sheets, yet less attention is being paid as to by whom they are being created and how precisely these balance sheets came into existence, other than the accountancy standards applied. Bankers furthermore seem to agree on the fact that credit risks in large part are related to the management competencies, effective corporate governance and integrity of management and organization. The argument could be made that the assessment of management capabilities, governance and integrity may be hindered in those cases where the culture is little understood. In a three days conferences titled; “The Future of Relationship Banking”, 80 senior executives from international banks and large companies were gathered in Punta del Este, Uruguay and were asked to speak about these aspects. A transcript of the conference is provided as annex to this thesis (Annex 1) and serves to triangulate the findings of the research. Main findings of three management papers were presented by the researcher during the conference. A survey was performed during the conference and in addition, through an online survey, in total over 100 practitioners in the field participated in the survey. Results show a variation of conclusions, but very especially seem to confirm the view, contrary to the approach taken in Basel II, that cultural differences and context are felt to be highly relevant in cross border lending.
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Ekpu, Victor Uche. "The microstructure of bank lending to SMEs : evidence from a survey of loan officers in Nigerian banks." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2015. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6811/.
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The opacity and riskiness of small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) make them an interesting area for the study of banks’ lending practices and procedures. SMEs in Nigeria, like in many low and middle-income economies, face financing difficulties because they are relatively young, inexperienced and informationally opaque. Since the consolidation of the Nigerian banking industry in 2006, the share of commercial bank loans to SMEs has declined markedly despite the fact that Nigerian banks are well capitalized and are among the largest players in Sub-Saharan Africa. The researcher conducted a questionnaire survey to investigate the microstructure of SME lending decisions, policies and practices in Nigerian banks. Using a sample of 121 Nigerian bank lending officers, this study specifically investigates three research questions: (1) the demand and supply side constraints to bank involvement with SMEs (2) the determinants of loan contract terms (i.e. risk premium and collateralisation), and (3) the economic value to banks from investing in customer relationships. Results from analysis of survey responses reveal that the high incidence of loan diversion, weak management capacity and the inability of SMEs to service debts are chief contributory factors to the riskiness of SME loans in Nigeria. On the supply side, the high transaction costs associated with processing and monitoring small loans impact negatively on lending profitability. There are also constraints posed by regulation and the business environment. Most notably, the recent rise in yield on competing assets, such as government treasury bills, has led to the crowding out of private sector lending as Nigerian banks hold a sizeable proportion of their assets in relatively safer government securities, which tends to lower their appetite for lending to SMEs. The risk profile of the SME sector is further enhanced by poor information economics, infrastructural deficiencies, the inefficient credit referencing on business loans as well as the inability to enforce loans contracts due to legal and judicial constraints. The econometric results show that the determinants of risk premium on SME loans are largely connected with factors that underline the opacity and riskiness of SMEs in Nigeria. Customers with longer relationships with their bank tend to benefit from lower interest rates. What determines the likelihood of requesting collateral from SMEs varies significantly from bank to bank and is likely to be connected to the lenders’ specialization as well as differences in the business model and lending technologies used. Loan size, borrowing firm’s age and credit rating also determine the amount of collateral pledged. There is also evidence to suggest that the predominantly centralised lending strategy in Nigerian banks impacts negatively on the accumulation of soft information by loan officers, implying that not all information collected by the loan officers is utilised in taking lending decisions. However, the proprietary information (or knowledge) loan officers gather through frequent communication and interaction with their customers is likely to yield some potential benefits for Nigerian banks. The most dominant is the high probability that customer satisfaction from bank relationships will generate repeat business for the banks.
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Orbash, Danielle Nicole. "Perceived Teacher Power Use and Credibility as a Function of Teacher Self-Disclosure." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1218140707.
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Chmura, Christine. "An Investigation of Bank Lending Practices To Test Portfolio Theory and Theories of Credit Rationing and Customer Relationships." VCU Scholars Compass, 1993. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/4419.
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The purpose of this study is to consider the theoretical basis of commercial loan pricing. Is commercial loan pricing most representative of pricing to reflect risk in the Markowitz sense or do banks ration their loanable funds based on credit risk or expected long-term customer value? Alternatively, does each theory contribute to the explanation of loan pricing?
Some of the pricing theories noted in this study have been tested at the aggregate banking level, however, few studies have been performed at the loan level. Moreover, the author is not aware of any study that tests which theory noted here best describes actual pricing practices for bank loans. In fact, DeVany (1984) and Goldfeld (1984) have noted that models of bank behavior have undergone little direct testing. Goldfeld acknowledges that the sparse empirical work in banking exists because much of the theoretical analysis is at the level of the individual bank where appropriate data are not available. This study overcomes that problem by using the loan portfolio of one of the top 50 bank holding companies in the nation as a case study.
Portfolio theory, credit rationing, and customer relationships provide the basis for this investigation of how banks price commercial loans. Portfolio theory indicates that the risk of a particular loan as well as its contribution toward the riskiness of the entire loan portfolio provides the most information about loan pricing. Credit rationing, however, indicates that the contract interest rate an applicant is willing to accept acts as a signal of loan quality and predicts the bank's expected return on the loan. Finally, theories about customer relationships indicate that customer traits such as variability of deposits and length of the relationship play a role in the way banks price loans.
The data used in this study are at the loan level and were obtained from one of the top 50 bank holding companies in the nation. Loan pricing procedures are examined by performing a series of cross sectional generalized least square regressions where the expected return on the loan is the dependent variable in each regression. The non-nested J-test and Cox-test help determine whether any of the model specifications tested in this study provide significantly greater explanatory power in commercial loan pricing than the competing model specifications.
The empirical findings of this study should be considered exploratory in nature because of its reliance on data from one bank. Moreover, these results assume that each of the models have been properly specified. With these caveats in mind, the results are consistent with credit rationing and customer relationship theories (Hodgman and Kane and Malkiel). Moreover, the non-nested Cox-test indicates that the credit rationing specification used in this study provides more explanatory power with regard to loan pricing than the customer relationship specification.
The regression of the portfolio theory specification provided statistically significant results, but with coefficients of the wrong sign. Contrary to theory, the results suggest that the expected return on loans increases as the variance decreases. In addition, the regression results do not provide strong support that loans are priced relative to the risk they contribute to the total portfolio.
In a matter related to loan pricing, this study also found that collateralized loans are associated with a smaller expected return than non collateralized loans. This finding is consistent with Boot, Thakor, and Udell (1991) who suggest that firms use collateral to obtain more favorable loan terms.
The conclusions and implications of this study revolve around the illiquid nature of commercial loans which creates an inefficient market characterized by asymmetric information.
In light of the scarcity of information related to potential commercial loans, it is not surprising that customer relationship theories provide some explanation of current pricing practices. Certain aspects of a customer relationship, such as deposits and length of the relationship can provide banks with valuable information about the riskiness of loans. Moreover, relationships that cover several bank services may enable a bank to supplement thin loan margins.
Finally, the support, albeit weak, of credit rationing can also be explained with asymmetric information. Because of adverse selection and moral hazard, there is a point at which further increases in the contract interest rate on a loan will lead to declines in the expected return to the bank. Beyond this point, the profit maximizing bank should ration rather than loan its funds.
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Burke, Susan Marie. "Striving for Credibility in the Face of Ambiguity: A Grounded Theory Study of Extreme Hardship Immigration Psychological Evaluations." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1570121587640465.
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Roberts, Camille. "An experimental investigation into the impact of crisis response strategies and relationship history on relationship quality and corporate credibility." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003012.
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Slater, Robert D. "The impact of management's tone on the perception of management's credibility in forecasting." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002139.
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Castro, Cristiano do Amaral Britto de. "The effect of using claim confirming product cues on the product claim credibility: is seeing believing?" reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/10671.
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The Cue Utilization Theory establishes that all products are made of multiples cues that may be seen as surrogates for the intangible attributes that make up any given product. However, the results of many years of research have yet yielded little consensus as to the impact generated by the use of such cues. This research aims to contribute to the discussion about the importance of intrinsic cues by investigating the effects that the use of product cues that confirm the product claim may have on Claim Credibility (measured through Ad Credibility), and also on consumers’ Purchase Intention and Perceived Risk toward the product. An experiment was designed to test such effects and the results suggest the effects of the use of Claim Confirming Product Cues depend on consumer’s level of awareness about such cue, and that when consumers are aware of it, Ad Credibility and Purchase Intention increase, as Perceived Risk decreases. Such results may have implications to academicians and practitioners, as well as may provide insights for future research.
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Jadick, Christopher. "To Tell the Truth: The Credibility of Cable News Networks In an Era of Increasingly Partisan Political News Coverage." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6867.
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The credibility of the American news media is increasingly under fire. Despite an exponential expansion of information available in the digital media era, increased political news coverage and commentary has brought growing apprehension over how much of today’s news can be trusted and believed. 24-hour cable news channels are among the media most often subject to this criticism. At the same time, the media operates under First Amendment freedom of press protection, a constitutional guarantee granted with the understanding that democracy can only succeed when its citizens are well informed. In the great experiment of our republic, a freely functioning news media fills this critical role, but only to the extent that it can be trusted to portray the truth.
This research questioned the media’s ability to inform the public due to the proliferation of political news and commentary. Utilizing social judgment theory, this study offered two hypotheses: that news consumers will find more credibility in political news when presented by media outlets they favor due to political preferences, and that they will also find more credibility in non-political news when presented by media they favor due to political preferences. The study examined if there is a bleed over effect on the credibility of non-political news due to political news coverage. An experiment was conducted in which two politically diverse populations, Republicans and Democrats, where asked to rate the credibility of six stories. Three of the stories were political, three non-political. While the content of those stories remained constant for all study participants, the media brands associated with the stories alternated between Fox News and CNN to determine if the media source alone influences perceptions of credibility. Results from members of both political parties provided support for each hypothesis. Republicans assigned greater credibility to both political and non-political news stories when presented by their network of preference, Fox News. By comparison, Democrats demonstrated greater trust when those same stories where branded by their preferred network, CNN.
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Ford, Leif Allen. "Predictive Ability of Emotional Intelligence Scores on Employee Self-Reported Perception of Comprehensive Organizational Credibility Inventory." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2285.
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Research has shown that emotional intelligence (EQ) is positively related to beneficial outcomes in organizations. Research has also found that negative perceptions of organizational credibility (OC) can result in adverse economic and social costs for organizations and communities. To date, the existing research has failed to examine whether employee EQ might affect employee perceptions of OC. A quantitative, non-experimental study was conducted using a sample of employees in large health and medical organizations throughout the United States. The variables in the study were measured using the Assessing Emotions Scale and the Comprehensive Organizational Credibility Inventory. Multiple regression analyses and Pearson correlation examined the relationships between employee EQ and employee perceptions of OC. Results of the study showed that employees with high EQ perceived their employing organizations to have high OC for areas of accountability, goodwill, integrity, legitimacy, and power, but low OC for areas of attractiveness, corporate social responsibility, expertise, and trustworthiness. Results also showed that high employee EQ predicted high OC for areas of accountability, goodwill, legitimacy, and power, but not for areas of attractiveness, corporate social responsibility, expertise, or trustworthiness. Results supported existing research that has identified links between EQ and organizational-related factors. Results also supported existing research that showed that credibility constructs may be culturally and situationally determined. This study has provided an incentive for leaders of organizations to integrate pro-EQ hiring and training interventions that can foster positive OC behaviors and strengthen organizations both internally and externally.
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Joshi, Mukta Gajanan. "Access to credit by hawkers what is missing? Theory and evidence from India /." Connect to resource, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1127223640.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2005.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 196 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 188-196). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center
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Vallade, Jessalyn Ilene. "What to Expect When They're Expecting: An Examination of College Student Expectations for Instructor Behavior." Oxford, Ohio : Miami University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=miami1278438473.
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Häregård, Edvardsson Emma, and Linnea Boestam. "How credible is the incredible influencer? : A study examining what factors affect the perception of credibility in influencer marketing." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-37139.
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Problem formulation: What factors affect the consumers perception of credibility in influencer marketing on social media? How and why do certain factors affect the credibility of influencer marketing? Purpose: The purpose of this thesis is to understand what factors affect the perception of credibility in influencer marketing on social media. Moreover, the aim is to understand how and why certain factors affect the credibility in influencer marketing in order to elaborate a conceptual model consisting of factors generating credible influencer marketing. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework of this paper consists of existing theories regarding social identity theory, perception, brand communication, word-of-mouth (WOM), celebrity endorsement and social influencers. Methodology: This study is conducted through both a quantitative and a qualitative study with a deductive approach. The collection of primary data consists of an online survey where 120 respondents participated followed by five qualitative interviews. In order to determine what aspects to examine, a conceptual model was created based on the previous findings within credibility in WOM and celebrity endorsement. The secondary data building the theoretical framework of this thesis are collected from peer reviewed articles published in scientific journals as well as books. Empirical findings: The empirical findings consist of the result from the qualitative and quantitative study. The result of the quantitative study presents the outcome from 24 Likert scale items presented in text, charts and tables. The empirical findings from the qualitative study presents the outcome from the interviews conducted through personal communication face to face or through Skype and are presented in text that are strengthened with citation from the interviews. Conclusion: The findings show that the credibility in influencer marketing is positively affected by the perception of the influencer being a credible source and the influencer and the brand being a good fit.