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Journal articles on the topic 'The lending credibility theory'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Lo, Alvis K. "Accounting Credibility and Liquidity Constraints: Evidence from Reactions of Small Banks to Monetary Tightening." Accounting Review 90, no. 3 (October 1, 2014): 1079–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50945.

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ABSTRACT This study examines the relationship between accounting credibility and firms' ability to fund their investments. Theory suggests that credible reporting resulting from external audits enables firms to attract external funds needed for their investments. The tests exploit monetary policy tightening that creates a liquidity shortage for banks, which, in turn, either requires banks to raise additional funds to restore liquidity or forces them to restrict their investments in the form of lending. Studying small non-public banks for which external audits are voluntary, I find that audited banks can better access funds during periods of monetary tightening than unaudited banks. As such, adverse liquidity shocks impede the lending of audited banks less. Overall, these findings present new evidence on how accounting credibility affects firms' ability to invest. Data Availability: The data are available from the sources indicated in the text.

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Chapman, Terrence, Songying Fang, Xin Li, and Randall W. Stone. "Mixed Signals: IMF Lending and Capital Markets." British Journal of Political Science 47, no. 2 (July 28, 2015): 329–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007123415000216.

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The effect of new International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending announcements on capital markets depends on the lender’s political motivations. There are conditions under which lending reduces the risk of a deepening crisis and the risk premium demanded by market actors. Yet the political interests that make lenders willing to lend may weaken the credibility of commitments to reform, and the act of accepting an agreement reveals unfavorable information about the state of the borrower’s economy. The net ‘catalytic’ effect on the price of private borrowing depends on whether these effects dominate the beneficial effects of the liquidity the loan provides. Decomposing the contradictory effects of crisis lending provides an explanation for the discrepant empirical findings in the literature about market reactions. This study tests the implications of the theory by examining how sovereign bond yields are affected by IMF program announcements, loan size, the scope of conditions attached to loans and measures of the geopolitical interests of the United States, a key IMF principal.

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Du, Helen S., Xiaobo Ke, Wei He, Samuel K. W. Chu, and Christian Wagner. "Achieving mobile social media popularity to enhance customer acquisition." Internet Research 29, no. 6 (December 2, 2019): 1386–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/intr-01-2018-0014.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to draw on social exchange theory and heuristic–systematic model to examine how peer-to-peer (P2P) lending firms can enhance their customer acquisition by achieving mobile social media popularity. Design/methodology/approach Content data collected from multiple sources (websites and mobile applications) were employed to validate the research model. Findings The mobile social media popularity of P2P lending firms positively influences their customer acquisition. Furthermore, the heuristic cues (i.e. source credibility and content freshness) and the systematic cue (i.e. transaction relevance) potentially affect the firms’ mobile social media popularity. Research limitations/implications Mobile social media is not only a platform for firms’ image-building but a critical means of acquiring actual customers. The appropriate use of heuristic–systematic cues in a mobile interface is useful for firms to achieve high user popularity despite the challenges derived from the mobile context. Practical implications To achieve higher user popularity in the competitive online world, firms should dedicate greater effort in determining the adequate heuristic–systematic cues designed for the interface of their mobile social media account. The effect of popularity can then help the firms acquire more customers. Originality/value This study extends the understanding of social exchange in the context of mobile social media accounts and enriches the knowledge on business value of mobile social media popularity. This paper also contributes to the literature by relating heuristic–systematic cues to firms’ mobile social media popularity.

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4

Ashton, Robert H. "Wine as an Experience Good: Price Versus Enjoyment in Blind Tastings of Expensive and Inexpensive Wines." Journal of Wine Economics 9, no. 2 (April 29, 2014): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jwe.2014.7.

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AbstractEconomic theorists maintain that wine is an experience good, a product whose quality can be evaluated only after purchase and consumption. Theory holds that consumers often rely on the price of experience goods as one cue to judge their quality. In this paper, however, I provide evidence that an important segment of wine consumers do not consider price a useful cue to quality. Specifically, I test the robustness of Goldstein et al.,'s (2008) finding that, in blind tastings, average wine drinkers consider less expensive wines to taste better than more expensive wines. Four blind tastings of 2006 red Bordeaux and 2009 white Burgundy with a price range of $20–$119 were conducted, in which members of a wine club rated their extent of enjoyment of each wine. In three of the tastings, there was no relationship between price and enjoyment, while in the other the relationship was negative, lending additional credibility to the contention that an important segment of wine consumers do not find enjoyment to increase with price. (JEL Classification: C91)

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5

Odhiambo, Felix Ouma, and Fredrick Ndede. "Credit Information Sharing Practices and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Kenya." International Journal of Current Aspects 3, no. VI (November 8, 2019): 67–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.35942/ijcab.v3ivi.79.

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The banking sector in Kenya suffered increased non-performing credits which prompted collapse of certain banks with an upsurge of loan defaulters. This was mainly attributed to the continued information asymmetry in the industry because of absence of a credit data sharing component. Commercial banks in Kenya have continued to encounter a number of challenges in obtaining information on customers’ payment history that helps guide on determining their ability to access and re-pay loan advancements. This has made more commercial banks to subscribe to credit reference bureaus since its establishment in 2008. As a result, commercial banks in Kenya have been experiencing high rates of Non-Performing Loans advanced to customers. The general objective of the study was to determine the effect of credit information sharing practices on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study specific objectives were to determine the effect of information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports on financial performance of commercial bank in Kenya. The study was anchored by adverse selection theory, moral hazard theory and asymmetry theory. The researcher used a descriptive research design. The target population was five banks within Nairobi County including KCB, Equity Bank, Family Bank, Cooperative Bank and Barclays Bank. Primary data was collected using questionnaires and secondary data using financial statements of the commercial banks performance for the past 5 years. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The study found that information accuracy, volume of lending and customer credit reports were positively and significantly related to the financial performance of the commercial banks. The study concludes that information accuracy increases the banks ' understanding of the applicants’ features and allows a more precise forecast of their probabilities of repayment, it decreases the information rents that banks could otherwise obtain from their clients and it can function as a borrower discipline tool. Lending volume enhances business banks ' enhanced operations, which in turn leads to banks’ enhanced economic results. Sharing of credit information has made commercial banks grant more loans on the basis of their reputation to deserving clients, thereby improving their profitability. When extensive consumer credit history information are easily accessible, it considerably decreases the cost of entering loan markets for fresh lenders, enhances competition and lowers credit rates. The research recommends that for enhanced results, all financial institutions in Kenya need to protect the precision of their platforms for data sharing. Regular site visits should offer credibility to the precision of the borrowers’ data. The data supplied by CRB should be used efficiently by commercial banks to lend to prospective borrowers. Only borrowers with a strong history of credit should be permitted access to the loans. The research also proposes that Kenya's commercial banks should base credit awards on the borrowers’ reputational assets, ensuring that the loan default rate is small, thus enhancing commercial bank performance.

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Spall, Michael A. "On the Circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean." Journal of Physical Oceanography 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2013): 2352–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jpo-d-13-079.1.

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Abstract An idealized eddy-resolving numerical model and an analytic three-layer model are used to develop ideas about what controls the circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean. The numerical model is forced with a surface heat flux, uniform winds, and a source of low-salinity water near the surface around the perimeter of an Arctic basin. Despite this idealized configuration, the model is able to reproduce many general aspects of the Arctic Ocean circulation and hydrography, including exchange through Fram Strait, circulation of Atlantic Water, a halocline, ice cover and transport, surface heat flux, and a Beaufort Gyre. The analytic model depends on a nondimensional number, and provides theoretical estimates of the halocline depth, stratification, freshwater content, and baroclinic shear in the boundary current. An empirical relationship between freshwater content and sea surface height allows for a prediction of the transport of Atlantic Water in the cyclonic boundary current. Parameters typical of the Arctic Ocean produce a cyclonic boundary current of Atlantic Water of O(1 − 2 Sv; where 1 Sv ≡ 106 m3 s−1) and a halocline depth of O(200 m), in reasonable agreement with observations. The theory compares well with a series of numerical model calculations in which mixing and environmental parameters are varied, thus lending credibility to the dynamics of the analytic model. In these models, lateral eddy fluxes from the boundary and vertical diffusion in the interior are important drivers of the halocline and the circulation of Atlantic Water in the Arctic Ocean.

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7

Coffie, William, and Ibrahim Bedi. "The effects of IFRS adoption and firm size on audit fees in financial institutions in Ghana." Accounting Research Journal 32, no. 3 (September 27, 2019): 436–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arj-07-2017-0114.

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Purpose This study aims to investigate the effects of international financial reporting standards (IFRS) adoption and firm size on auditors’ fees determination in the Ghanaian financial industry. Design/methodology/approach The authors use the annual report of 52 listed and non-listed firms spanning from 2003 to 2014. Guided by the hypotheses, the authors conditioned audit fees on IFRS adoption and firm size and execute robust fixed effects panel regression. Findings The results show that IFRS adoption has a positive coefficient with audit fees suggesting that the adoption of IFRS, indeed, increases the audit fees paid by banks and insurance firms, as well as the industry as a whole. The results are consistent with the idea that IFRS adoption increases auditor efforts with respect to time and complex nature of some aspect of the standards. Again, as expected, the coefficient of size is positively and significantly related to audit fees. This indicates that the size of the auditee plays a vital role in determining audit fees. Research limitations/implications The study is limited by industry (i.e. the financial services industry) and geography (i.e. Ghana). The authors propose further research that will widely consider other sectors and countries to improve the current scanty literature in this area. Besides, theoretically, the study is limited to the lending credibility theory and feels compelled to reiterate the importance of considering alternative theoretical perspective(s) in future research. Practical implications This study is significant to practitioners as it demonstrates the importance of the determinants of the auditors’ fees. It helps auditors to apply the relevant charging formula when determining audit fees, while it helps managers to improve upon the quality of reporting to control audit bill and forecasting their audit expenditure. Originality/value The results of the study extend the literature on the cost side of IFRS adoption by investigating the financial services industry and non-listed firms in a new context, i.e. a developing country where this research is uncharted. The existing studies based their analysis on either cross-section or pooled analysis and shorter post-adoption period (Cameran and Perotti, 2014). However, using an extended post-adoption period data, the authors base the study on analytical panel model, which directly examine the cost side of IFRS adoption with size as joint key explanatory variables with emphasis on financial institutions and external auditors.

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8

Hickman, James C., and Linda Heacox. "Credibility Theory." North American Actuarial Journal 3, no. 2 (April 1999): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.1999.10595793.

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9

Lai, Tze Leung, and Kevin Haoyu Sun. "Evolutionary Credibility Theory." North American Actuarial Journal 16, no. 2 (April 2012): 273–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10920277.2012.10590641.

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10

Cooper, Richard N., and Randall W. Stone. "Lending Credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the Post-Communist Transition." Foreign Affairs 81, no. 6 (2002): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/20033369.

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11

Laitin, David D. "Lending Credibility: The International Monetary Fund and the Post-Communist Transition." Comparative Economic Studies 45, no. 1 (March 2003): 104–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.ces.8100004.

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12

Montes, Gabriel Caldas, and Gabriel Barros Tavares Peixoto. "Risk-taking channel, bank lending channel and the “paradox of credibility”." Economic Modelling 39 (April 2014): 82–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.econmod.2014.02.023.

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13

Sobel, Joel. "A Theory of Credibility." Review of Economic Studies 52, no. 4 (October 1985): 557. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2297732.

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14

Yu-Zhen, Dong, and Chen Huan. "Credibility Measure Theory Analysis." Procedia Engineering 15 (2011): 1722–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2011.08.321.

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15

George, Joey F., Gabriel Giordano, and Patti A. Tilley. "Website credibility and deceiver credibility: Expanding Prominence-Interpretation Theory." Computers in Human Behavior 54 (January 2016): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.07.065.

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16

STONE, RANDALL W. "The Political Economy of IMF Lending in Africa." American Political Science Review 98, no. 4 (November 2004): 577–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540404136x.

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Why has IMF lending achieved such poor results in Africa? Is it because the Fund imposes the wrong conditions, or because it fails to enforce them? Analysis of monthly data on 53 African countries from 1990 to 2000 shows that the IMF's loans-for-reform contract lacks credibility because donor countries intervene to prevent rigorous enforcement. Countries that have influence with developed-country patrons—as measured by U.S. foreign aid, membership in postcolonial international institutions, and voting profiles in the UN—are subject to less rigorous enforcement (shorter program suspensions). They have more frequent program suspensions, because they violate their conditions more often. The IMF will have to become more independent in order to become an effective champion of reform.

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17

Liu, Baoding. "A survey of credibility theory." Fuzzy Optimization and Decision Making 5, no. 4 (October 2006): 387–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10700-006-0016-x.

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18

Kim, Joseph H. T., and Yongho Jeon. "Credibility theory based on trimming." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 53, no. 1 (July 2013): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2013.03.012.

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19

Hiss, K. "Linear filtration and credibility theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 13, no. 2 (November 1993): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(93)90890-2.

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20

Schneider, Douglas K., Gordon S. May, and David R. Shaffer. "On Narrowing The Credibility GAAP: Has The Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Enhanced The Credibility Of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP)?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 9, no. 2 (October 2, 2011): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v9i2.6079.

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The purpose of this study was to apply social-psychological research methods to address an issue of widespread concern in the accounting profession. One of the primary motives underlying the creation of the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) was to increase the credibility of Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Our main objective was to assess any differences in the perceived credibility of FASB GAAP and pre-FASB GAAP, as indicated by three groups of FASB constituents familiar with these procedures: corporate preparers of financial statements (preparers), CPAs who audit financial reports to ensure their adherence to GAAP (auditors), and accountants who use financial reports to make lending and investment decisions (users). The results indicated that (a) the credibility of accounting principles can be assessed, (b) not all dimensions that have been touted as contributors to the credibility of accounting practices predict accountants perceptions of credibility, and (c) examples of FASB GAAP were perceived as less credible than corresponding examples of pre-FASB GAAP by each of the above three groups of FASB constituents. Some implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.

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21

Han, Song. "Discrimination in Lending: Theory and Evidence." Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics 29, no. 1 (July 2004): 5–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:real.0000027199.22889.65.

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22

Asparouhova, Elena. "Competition in Lending: Theory and Experiments*." Review of Finance 10, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 189–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10679-006-8280-8.

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Schneider, Douglas K., Gordon S. May, and David R. Shaffer. "On The Credibility Of GAAP: Do Preparers, Auditors, And Users See Eye To Eye?" Journal of Applied Business Research (JABR) 10, no. 4 (September 22, 2011): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/jabr.v10i4.5910.

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<span>The purpose of this study was to apply social-psychological research methods to address an issue in the development of general accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Of concern to the Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) in the development of GAAP is the attitudes of its constituent groups with respect to the credibility of GAAP. Our main objective was to assess any differences in the credibility perception of GAAP, as indicated by the three main groups of FASB constituents: corporate preparers of financial statements (preparers), CPAs who audit financial reports to ensure their adherence to GAAP (auditors), and accountants who us financial reports to make lending and investment decisions (users). The results indicated that auditors perception of the credibility of GAAP along eight credibility dimensions was significantly different than that of preparers and users of financial reporting. These results are important to the standard setting process because they indicate a lack of consensus among the three main FASB constituent groups, and may indicate an elevation of auditor views over those of users and preparers. Some implications of these results and suggestions for future research are discussed.</span>

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24

Nelder, J. A., and R. J. Verrall. "Credibility Theory and Generalized Linear Models." ASTIN Bulletin 27, no. 1 (May 1997): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.27.1.563206.

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AbstractThis paper shows how credibility theory can be encompassed within the theory of Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models. It is shown that credibility estimates are obtained by including random effects in the model. The framework of Hierarchical Generalized Linear Models allows a more extensive range of models to be used than straightforward credibility theory. The model fitting and testing procedures can be carried out using a standard statistical package. Thus, the paper contributes a further range of models which may be useful in a wide range of actuarial applications, including premium rating and claims reserving.

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Provotar, O. I., and O. O. Provotar. "Credibility of fuzziness: theory and application." PROBLEMS IN PROGRAMMING, no. 2-3 (2018): 164–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/pp2018.02.164.

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26

Goovaerts, M. J. "On APL software for credibility theory." ACM SIGAPL APL Quote Quad 17, no. 4 (May 1987): 103–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/384282.28329.

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27

Georgescu, Irina, and Jani Kinnunen. "A Risk Approach by Credibility Theory." Fuzzy Information and Engineering 5, no. 4 (December 2013): 399–416. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12543-013-0154-0.

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28

De Vylder, F. "Non-linear regression in credibility theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 4, no. 3 (July 1985): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(85)90012-5.

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Goovaerts, M. J., T. Bauwelinckx, and C. Stoop. "The practical application of credibility theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 8, no. 1 (March 1989): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(89)90043-7.

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30

Heilmann, Wolf-Rüdiger. "Decision theoretic foundations of credibility theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 8, no. 1 (March 1989): 77–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(89)90050-4.

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31

Nelder, J. "Credibility theory and generalized linear models." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 17, no. 3 (April 1996): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(96)82381-x.

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32

North, Gill, and Therese Wilson. "Supervision of the Responsible Lending Regimes: Theory, Evidence, Analysis and Reforms." Federal Law Review 46, no. 2 (June 2018): 193–229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x1804600202.

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National responsible lending regimes have operated in Australia since 2009, with the stated aims to encourage prudent lending, curtail undesirable market practices, and impose sanctions for irresponsible lending and leasing. This article outlines a study of the supervision of the responsible lending rules by the Australian Securities and Investments Commission (ASIC) from 2014 to mid-2017. The study finds that the Commission proactively engaged with lenders, encouraged tighter lending standards, and sought or imposed severe penalties for egregious conduct. Further, the Commission strategically targeted credit products commonly acknowledged as the riskiest or most material from a borrower's perspective, such as small amount credit contracts, interest only home loans, and car loans. Despite these positive findings, however, many households are heavily indebted and large segments of the community and the nation are highly susceptible to future harm. In this environment, we question the timeliness and sufficiency of the Commission's interventions and responses, and predict further litigation that tests the boundaries of the responsible lending rules. Moving forward, we call for more systematic supervision of responsible lending risks, practices and exposures and propose modest reforms that require lenders to better inform and engage with consumers about the risks of elevated levels of debt.

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Selgin, George. "Bank lending ?manias? in theory and history." Journal of Financial Services Research 6, no. 2 (August 1992): 169–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01046629.

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Zheng, Yanan, Jin Yang, Zhaoguang Hu, Ming Zhou, and Gengyin Li. "Credibility Theory-Based Available Transfer Capability Assessment." Energies 8, no. 6 (June 18, 2015): 6059–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en8066059.

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35

Witting, Thomas. "The Linear Markov Property in Credibility Theory." ASTIN Bulletin 17, no. 1 (April 1987): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2143/ast.17.1.2014984.

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AbstractWe study the linear Markov property, i.e. the possibility of basing the credibility estimator on data of the most recent time period without loss of accuracy. Necessary and sufficient conditions are derived generally. The meaning of the linear Markov property is also discussed in different experience rating and loss reserving models.

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Mbennah, Emmanuel D., and Paul J. Schutte. "Towards a holistic theory of speaker credibility." Communicatio 26, no. 1 (January 2000): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02500160008537897.

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King, Mervyn. "CREDIBILITY AND MONETARY POLICY: THEORY AND EVIDENCE1." Scottish Journal of Political Economy 42, no. 1 (February 1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9485.1995.tb01142.x.

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Eichenauer, Jürgen, Jürgen Lehn, and Stefan Rettig. "A gamma-minimax result in credibility theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 7, no. 1 (January 1988): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(88)90096-0.

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Hu, Jia Yuan, Yan Huang, and Shun An Cao. "Research of Improved Credibility Theory for the Fault Diagnosis of Condenser." Advanced Materials Research 433-440 (January 2012): 6764–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.433-440.6764.

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Research on fault diagnosis of condenser has a great significance to safe and efficient operation of power plant. In view of shortcomings of existing diagnosis methods, this paper proposed a fault diagnosis method of condenser based on improved credibility theory，and applied the merits of credibility reasoning to the fault diagnosis of condenser. By proposing a more rational expression way of symptoms and some mathematical equations which can convert field data into symptoms’ credibility, this paper provided a solid basis for acquiring symptoms’ information accurately. Meanwhile, the setting method of rule confidence of credibility rule was improved, which can make the process of credibility reasoning closer to human experts thinking. Experiment results show that this model meets the demand of condenser fault diagnosis well and has important theoretical significance and practical value.

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40

Rehme, Jakob, and Peter Svensson. "Credibility-Driven Entrepreneurship." International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 12, no. 1 (February 2011): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/ijei.2011.0015.

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This article investigates how external stakeholders influence the first sale of technology-based business-to-business start-up companies. The authors combine entrepreneurship theory with marketing theory to describe the marketing and selling activities of start-ups and how new ventures reach key milestones. The study shows how two start-ups, an e-business firm and a new product development firm, acquired their first customers. The analysis provides a picture of how a network of the firms' founders, board members and owners contributed to their first sales. It also highlights the importance of sales activities, relationships and industrial knowledge. The paper examines the importance of external stakeholders' relative positions in the web of relationships and assesses how relevant these are in affecting outcomes and speed to market. The authors conclude that the first sale follows a time line with three important phases of activities involving credibility, closing and operations. They find that credibility is best obtained through establishing relationships.

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41

Skowron, Andrzej. "The Rough Sets Theory and Evidence Theory." Fundamenta Informaticae 13, no. 3 (July 1, 1990): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1990-13303.

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The aim of the paper is to show some connections between the rough sets theory and the Dempser-Shafer approach. We prove that for every Pawlak’s approximation space there exists a Dempster-Shafer space with the qualities of the lower and upper approximations of sets in the approximation space equal to the credibility and plausibility of sets in the Dempster-Shafer space, respectively. Analogous connections hold between approximation spaces generated by the decision tables and Dempster-Shafer spaces, namely for every decision table space there exists a Dempster-Shafer space such that the qualities of the lower and upper approximations (with respect to the condition attributes) of sets definable in the decision table by condition and decision attributes coincide with the credibility and plausibility of sets in the Dempster-Shafer space, respectively. A combination rule in approximation spaces analogous to the combination rule used in the Dempster approach is derived.

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Caldas Montes, Gabriel, and Julio Cesar Albuquerque Bastos. "Effects of reputation and credibility on monetary policy: theory and evidence for Brazil." Journal of Economic Studies 41, no. 3 (May 6, 2014): 387–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-11-2012-0158.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that both the reputation of the monetary authority and the credibility of the regime of inflation targeting are important to reduce the inflation bias and the effort of the monetary authority in an emerging economy. Design/methodology/approach – The paper develops a model which shows that the gain of credibility reduces the effort of the monetary authority in the conduct of monetary policy. The paper presents an econometric analysis for Brazil through ordinary least squares, generalized method of moments (GMM), system of equations by GMM and vector autoregressive. Findings – The findings suggest that the reputation of the monetary authority is important to the improvement of credibility, and the gains of credibility reduce the effort of the monetary authority in the conduct of monetary policy, reducing the variations of the monetary base. Originality/value – In the theoretical field, the study develops a model which shows that credibility is important to reduce both the inflation bias and the efforts of the monetary authority in the conduct of monetary policy. In the empirical field: first, it proposes a new index of reputation for the monetary authority; second, it demonstrates that the gain of reputation improves credibility, but also that attempts to exploit the output-inflation trade-off reduces credibility; third, the analysis found that the gains of credibility reduce the efforts of the monetary authority in the conduct of monetary policy.

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Diamond, Douglas W., and Raghuram G. Rajan. "Money in a Theory of Banking." American Economic Review 96, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 30–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/000282806776157759.

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We examine the role of banks in the transmission of monetary policy. In economies where banks use real demand deposits to finance their lending, fluctuations in the timing of production can force banks to scramble for real liquidity, or even fail, which can greatly affect lending and aggregate output. The adverse effect on output can be reduced if banks finance with nominal deposits. Nominal deposits also open a “financial liquidity” channel for monetary policy to affect real activity. The banking system may be better off, however, issuing real deposits (e.g., foreign exchange denominated) under some circumstances.

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Hartley, Roger, and Lisa Farrell. "Can Expected Utility Theory Explain Gambling?" American Economic Review 92, no. 3 (May 1, 2002): 613–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/00028280260136426.

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We investigate the ability of expected utility theory to account for simultaneous gambling and insurance. Contrary to a previous claim that borrowing and lending in perfect capital markets removes the demand for gambles, we show expected utility theory with nonconcave utility functions can explain gambling. When the rates of interest and time preference are equal, agents seek to gamble unless income falls in a finite set of values. When they differ, there is a range of incomes where gambles are desired. Different borrowing and lending rates can account for persistent gambling provided the rates span the rate of time preference.

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Dimitriev, A. M. "DOMESTIC LENDING IN HOLDING COMPANIES: THEORY AND PRACTICE." Вестник Алтайской академии экономики и права 2, no. 11 2020 (2020): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17513/vaael.1414.

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46

Lai, Tze Leung. "Credit Portfolios, Credibility Theory, and Dynamic Empirical Bayes." ISRN Probability and Statistics 2012 (December 23, 2012): 1–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/832175.

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We begin with a review of (a) the pricing theory of multiname credit derivatives to hedge the credit risk of a portfolio of corporate bonds and (b) current approaches to modeling correlated default intensities. We then consider pricing of insurance contracts using credibility theory in actuarial science. After a brief discussion of the similarities and differences of both pricing theories, we propose a new unified approach, which uses recent advances in dynamic empirical Bayes modeling, to evolutionary credibility in insurance rate-making and default modeling of credit portfolios.

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Young, V. R. "Credibility using a loss function from spline theory." Insurance: Mathematics and Economics 22, no. 2 (June 1998): 177–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-6687(98)80013-9.

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48

Rhodes, Edward. "Nuclear weapons and credibility: deterrence theory beyond rationaiity." Review of International Studies 14, no. 1 (January 1988): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260210500113440.

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The principal challenge for US nuclear deterrence policy in an era of mutual assured destruction capabilities has been to use the threat of nuclear retribution to deter Soviet actions that, however aggressive, do not directly threaten American national survival. The United States seeks to use nuclear threats to deter not only all-out nuclear attack on the United States, but major nuclear or conventional aggression against NATO and also limited, presumably counterforce, blows against America. Nuclear weapons are to serve as an umbrella protecting not only America's cities and society, but US allies and US military forces as well.

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Davy, Benjamin. "After form. The credibility thesis meets property theory." Land Use Policy 79 (December 2018): 854–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2017.02.036.

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Bonini, Stefano, and Giuliana Caivano. "Estimating loss-given default through advanced credibility theory." European Journal of Finance 22, no. 13 (January 31, 2014): 1351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1351847x.2013.870918.

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