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1
Amir, Hassan. "Islamism and radicalism in the Maldives." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10724.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimitedThis thesis aims to explore the rise of Islamism and Islamic radicalism in the Republic of Maldives. It analyzes the causes and grievances which have fueled the rise of political Islam, as well as its radical elements, and the main groups operating in both the political and social space (as well as on the fringes), including an analysis of their main ideological drivers and their social and political outlook. The closed and conspiratorial nature of the Maldivian political environment, as well as the use of repression to quell political dissent and the manipulation of Islamic religious ideals to cement political position was one factor that led to the rise of Islamism and Islamic radicalism. Another was the rapid modernization that introduced alien concepts and values into Maldivian society. These militated against the traditional norms and cultures and wrought havoc on the social structures, causing intense alienation and social dislocation. All these changes were taking place in a context where Maldives was being infiltrated by radical elements, both local and foreign. They made ample use of the social conditions to craft and narrative that was conducive to their recruitment and radicalization efforts.
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Ageel, Ihsana. "Drug Rehabilitation and Practice Dilemmas in the Maldives." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2316.
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Abstract Substance misuse is a global phenomenon. However, little is known about substance misuse issues in Islamic nations or about the provision of preventative and rehabilitative services in such nations. This thesis explores the legal context of such services in the Maldives and pays particular attention to tensions between the formal policies of the National Narcotics Control Bureau and clinical practice. Findings are drawn from a review of government and service policy documents, five semi-structured individual interviews with clinical practitioners and senior administrative staff from rehabilitative services, and a three day focus group workshop with clinical staff. Findings show the lack of awareness of the legal and policy contexts for service provision and the ways in which existing policy frameworks often detract from the forging of therapeutic alliances. The primary concern raised by the analysis is the lack of involvement of clinical staff in policy formation and revision. This contributes to series of tensions and contradictions between official aims for services and the actual provision of these services. Further a range of ethical issues arose as a result of inadequate professional monitoring, training, and peer review. Recommendations are made regarding how these issues should be addressed in order to enhance the Maldivian response to increasing substance misuse.
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Shareef, Ali. "Numerical Analysis of Convective Storm Development over Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geography, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3026.
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In the Asian and other monsoon regions of the world most of the severe weather observed is local or mesoscale in nature. Forecasting convective storms or mesoscale systems in the monsoon regions, especially in the tropics, has always been a challenging task to operational meteorologists. Maldives Islands, being situated in the tropical Indian Ocean, are affected by monsoon depressions and tropical cyclones. Thunderstorms and the passage of squall lines are well known sources of heavy rainfall. However, due to the lack of professional people and necessary equipment the weather systems around these islands are seldom studied. Therefore the aim of this thesis is to investigate whether the small islands can create sufficient perturbations in the mesoscale environment to result in the development of convective systems. In this regard, two numerical models, Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF version 2.2.1) and Regional Atmospheric Modelling System (RAMS version 6.0) were used in this study. Two experiments were performed using the WRF model. In the first experiment, a case study was investigated where the selected day experienced heavy rainfall and thunderstorms. In the second experiment, the same case study was used but with the topographical and surface properties removed in order to investigate the influence of the island in modifying the mesoscale environment. All the experiments were initialized using the re-analysis data from NECP. WRF was able to predict the large scale synoptic features with reasonable accuracy when compared to the observations. Development of the boundary layer and the downstream advection of the temperature anomaly generated by the island were well represented. However, the magnitude of the effects was shown to be weak, probably due to the influence of large scale synoptic features. Even though the model was able to predict the large scale features and some of the mesoscale features, it did not predict any storm development and underestimated the precipitation. Therefore, it was decided to idealize the storm development using the RAMS model. RAMS model was used in a two-dimensional framework. The model was initialized horizontally homogenous using a single sounding and six simulations were performed. The simulation results clearly depicted that the small island can generate its own circulation and influence the mesoscale environment. The daytime heating of the island and the downstream advection of the temperature anomaly in a moist unstable atmosphere could trigger a thunderstorm later in the day. The storm becomes mature approximately 40-80 km offshore. This also suggests that triggering of a storm on one side of an atoll could influence the islands on the downstream side. Sensitivity of storm development to the thermodynamics showed that even with an unstable atmosphere, enough moisture in the lower and mid-troposphere is needed to trigger the storm. Sensitivity to the change of SST showed that convective development was suppressed with a drop of 1 oC. However, this needs further investigation. Assessment of sensitivity to the size of the island showed that the time of triggering of the storm was later and the scale of influence was smaller with a smaller island.
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Razee, Husna Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "???Being a Good Woman???: suffering and distress through the voices of women in the Maldives." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/27258.
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This ethnographic study explored the social and cultural context of Maldivian women???s emotional, social and psychological well-being and the subjective meanings they assign to their distress. The central question for the study was: How is suffering and distress in Maldivian women explained, experienced, expressed and dealt with? In this study participant observation was enhanced by lengthy encounters with women and with both biomedical and traditional healers. The findings showed that the suffering and distress of women is embedded in the social and economic circumstances in which they live, the nature of gender relations and how culture shapes these relations, the cultural notions related to being a good woman; and how culture defines and structures women???s place within the family and society. Explanations for distress included mystical, magical and animistic causes as well as social, psychological and biological causes. Women???s experiences of distress were mainly expressed through body metaphors and somatization. The pathway to dealing with their distress was explained by women???s tendency to normalize their distress and what they perceived to be the causes of their distress. This study provides an empirical understanding of Maldivian women???s mental well-being. Based on the findings of this study, a multi dimensional model entitled the Mandala for Suffering and Distress is proposed. The data contributes a proposed foundation upon which mental health policy and mental health interventions, and curricula for training of health care providers in the Maldives may be built. The data also adds to the existing global body of evidence on social determinants of mental health and enhances current knowledge and developments in the area of cultural competency for health care. The model and the lessons learnt from this study have major implications for informing clinicians on culturally congruent ways of diagnosing and managing mental health problems and developing patient-centred mental health services.
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Ashraf, Ibrahim. "Civil-military challenges for a consolidating democracy: the Maldives." Thesis, Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/27786.
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Outstanding ThesisApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited
This thesis explores civil-military relations (CMR) challenges to the democratic consolidation of the Republic of Maldives. It analyzes the Maldives political and military history and existing CMR legislation and institutions to determine the strengths, weaknesses, and challenges of consolidating a democratic CMR rgime in the Maldives. With a long history of authoritarian government, the executive in the Maldives traditionally held a monopoly over security and defense. When democratization began in 2008, the military was required to reform itself to serve not only the executive, but also the legislature, judiciary, and the civil society at large. Efforts at democratic reform of CMR institutions are currently stalled by inadequate legislation, inappropriate configuration of institutions, weak enforcement of judicial decisions, and the lack of defense and security knowledge among civilians in the executive and legislature. This study concludes that it is crucial for the Maldives to overcome the legislative and institutional challenges to enact a democratic CMR rgime for a smooth and speedy transition to democracy and meet its security challenges.
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Thaufeega, Fathimath. "Institutional and learner readiness for eLearning in the Maldives." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/14659.
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For Maldives, an island nation consisting of over 1190 islands, eLearning is the ideal form of delivery for higher education students on the 200 inhabited islands. This study explores Maldivian college students’ and their institutes’ eLearning readiness. Mixed methods research has been conducted using two questionnaires (one for the students and one for the lecturers) and semi-structured interviews. One hundred and eleven students from two private higher education institutes completed the questionnaires, 10 students were selected for interviews out of which 9 completed the interview. Students’ technological skills, access to technology and learning abilities, as well as their level of eLearning efficacy, are measured and further explored through interviews. Their lifestyle and family and workplace environments’ conduciveness for eLearning is explored. Similarly, 45 lecturers completed the questionnaire to obtain lecturers’ and institutes’ readiness for online teaching. The responses from the questionnaires allow exploration of Maldivian higher education students and institutes’ readiness for eLearning. Lecturers’ readiness is assessed by their skills and abilities to support eLearning students. Readiness of institutes are explored using semi-structured interviews with 2 senior staff from each college. The role of the three elements of the Community of Inquiry Framework: Cognitive Presence, Teaching Presence and Social Presence, in eLearning, is also explored through questionnaires and interviews. The research study’s findings are significant as it is the first research in the Maldives to provide such a case in support of eLearning readiness in higher education. The research study supports the transferability of the findings to comparable colleges and student populations in the Maldives.
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Muna, Aminath. "Evolution and development of tertiary education in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2014. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.682688.
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Education has always been highly valued in the Maldives. Every historical document, from times ancient, testifies to the deference and respect that the learned person has received from the society. Historically, an education comprised of acquiring knowledge on the religion of Islam, which constitutes the foundations of culture and society in the country. For centuries, the purpose of education has been twofold: the proliferation and maintenance of religious knowledge in the country, and the transmission of essential skills for a maritime people. The shape of the existing organized system of education began to emerge only in the latter half of the twentieth century. The appearance of vocation-oriented postsecondary training centres is closely linked to the needs and priorities of programs for national development. The growth and amalgamation of these centres culminated in the establishment of the Maldives National University in 2011, and led to the rise of private tertiary education providers. This dissertation traces the historical progressions that led to the evolution and development of tertiary education in the Maldives within the framework of the small states paradigm. It investigates the economic, social and political forces that guided and steered the emergence of this sector. While many influences and trends that parallel those in other small states can be seen, some crucial differences exist. Vulnerability to climate change and the narrow economic base of the country are shared characteristics. On the other hand, the isolation of Maldives among a group of larger neighbouring states has profound implications for the development of the national university. Key issues of access, quality, governance and collaboration emerged from a detailed qualitative case study of the Maldives National University. The case study reveals the achievements, challenges and priorities of the new national university. In the light of this analysis, it is argued that there is a pressing need to strengthen tertiary education by creating a sustainable policy framework for transforming the sector to better cater for its growth, quality improvement, research profile, governance and autonomy. Unlike many small states Maldives is isolated and consequently faces further challenges in exploiting the potential benefits of regional cooperation and alliances. This has related theoretical implications for tertiary education that are identified and that need to be explored and addressed in future studies on tertiary education in small states.
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Colton, Elizabeth Overton. "The elite of the Maldives : sociopolitical organisation and change." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1995. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1396/.
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This thesis examines the elite of the Maldive Islands, during a period of great technoeconomic change from 1976 until 1983. This ethnographic study is concerned with the nature of the Maldivian national elite, in particular the reiterative evidence of both repetition and change in its sociopolitical organisation. The first part of the thesis presents the principles of the study and introduces the ethnographic setting of the elite of Maldives. The Preface establishes the historical and methodological foundation of the study. Chapter 1 outlines the foci of the thesis and places it within a general anthropological framework. Chapter 2 places the elite within the context of the Maldivian geographical setting, history, and classification systems. The second part of the study sets out the basic building blocks of the elite system. Chapter 3 essentially defines the Maldivian elite and describes the stratification system, politics, and the economic basis for the elite's power. Chapter 4 presents the basic building blocks of kinship and affinity-- including sibling group, affines (especially brothers-in-law, lianoo), and friendship. Chapter 5 focuses upon the special role of the ''house" as the basic political unit of the Maldivian elite. The third part of this thesis discusses the use of the elite system over time. Chapter 6 provides a detailed description of the ''political game", including the importance of protocol, ritualistic functions, and government service. Chapter 7 details the means of social control, including the rewards and punishments for the elite. Chapter 8 describes the patterns and cycles of political conflict within the Maldivian elite system. The conclusion argues that the complex Maldivian elite system, with its evidence of change at the time of this study as a result of complex processes of modernisation in combination with a clear repetition of patterns and reiterative cycles over time, presents a model of evolutionary replication of a sociopolitical system.
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Ismail, Ibrahim, and n/a. "Education planning in the Maldives : a small island state's perspective." University of Canberra. Education, 1993. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20060801.130733.
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This thesis examines the appropriateness of the current secondary school curriculum in the Republic of Maldives within an overall context of
national education and development planning. Emphasis is placed on
access to secondary education by all.
In pursuing this aim, data was gathered on aspects of the economy and
demography of the country as well as government policy on education. Data
was also gathered on student performance in the period 1985�1992, and
subsequent employment characteristics of graduates.
The framework of analysis adopted for this thesis encompasses the
special problems faced by Small Island States in their efforts to provide
education for their people. Links between education planning and
development planning are explored in depth.
The analysis of the data established that the current system of
education contributes to increasing social inequalities. Further, it was
established that this system cannot be sustained in the long term. It has been
argued in this thesis that this system of education could, in the long term,
contribute to the demise of national and cultural identity. Hence, it has been
argued that the current curriculum is inappropriate for the people of the
Maldives at this juncture.
On the basis of the findings of this thesis, a broad outline of an
alternative education system which could be developed, and the
assumptions about development made by this model is presented.
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Ali, Aamaal. "A study of the cluster schools policy in the Maldives." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2006. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10019832/.
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In the Maldives, despite everyone having access to primary education, there are wide disparities in the quality of education provided by schools in the capital and schools on the rural islands. In an attempt to address the ongoing concern of the rural communities to improve their schools, the Ministry of Education introduced a new policy in July 1999. This policy led to the formation of clusters of schools which consisted of a 'lead' government school intended to serve as a resource and support to a number of nearby community schools. Each cluster is usually made up of 6 to 11 schools. The cluster policy has not been studied since its introduction six years ago. This research study aims to investigate the cluster policy - its rationale, processes of implementation and impact on the schools, through the perceptions of key stakeholders, with a broader view to improve schools in the Maldives. For the research, I travelled to four regions to carry out four case studies. Each case study is based on a full cluster of schools of an atoll and a selection of schools in neighbouring clusters within the same atoll. Fifty schools were targeted in fourteen clusters. Data were collected from interviews with key stakeholders - the cluster heads, lead teachers, island chiefs and officials of Ministry of Education. The conceptual framework of antecedents, processes and impact, developed by Lunt et al. (1988) in their study of clusters in the UK, was used to structure the inquiry. The interview data were analysed thematically. This study found that the cluster policy was not sufficiently resourced and comprehensively conceptualised to engender the intended school improvement. Set within a context of small developing islands, the policy lacked the essential ingredients for a collaborative venture of this kind to succeed. However, among the stakeholders there is an acceptance of the potential good such a policy can bring about. The problems identified in this research go some way to explain why the cluster policy was short-lived and has now effectively ceased to exist.
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Stevens, Guy Mark William. "Conservation and population ecology of manta rays in the Maldives." Thesis, University of York, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16981/.
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This multi-decade study on an isolated and unfished population of manta rays (Manta alfredi and M. birostris) in the Maldives used individual-based photo-ID records and behavioural observations to investigate the world’s largest known population of M. alfredi and a previously unstudied population of M. birostris. This research advances knowledge of key life history traits, reproductive strategies, population demographics and habitat use of M. alfredi, and elucidates the feeding and mating behaviour of both manta species. M. alfredi reproductive activity was found to vary considerably among years and appeared related to variability in abundance of the manta’s planktonic food, which in turn may be linked to large-scale weather patterns such as the Indian Ocean Dipole and El Niño-Southern Oscillation. Key to helping improve conservation efforts of M. alfredi was my finding that age at maturity for both females and males, estimated at 15 and 11 years respectively, appears up to 7 – 8 years higher respectively than previously reported. As the fecundity of this species, estimated at one pup every 7.3 years, also appeared two to more than three times lower than estimates from studies with more limited data, my work now marks M. alfredi as one of the world’s least fecund vertebrates. With such low fecundity and long maturation, M. alfredi are extremely vulnerable to overfishing and therefore needs complete protection from exploitation across its entire global range. With similar life history traits assumed for the lesser known M. birostris, adopting the precautionary principle, the same highly protective approach is justified. Through characterising habitat use of M. alfredi, it appears that their use of shallow coral reefs may be a function of behavioural thermoregulation and predator avoidance, with cleaning stations acting as focal gathering points where social behaviour is undertaken, such as courtship and mating. The frequent use of shallow protected lagoons by juvenile M. alfredi suggests these sites may act as nursery areas. The study underscores the importance of long-term research on long-lived species with conservative life history strategies if important ecological and management questions are to be answered.
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Magnan, Alexandre. "Tourisme, développement et dynamique territoriale dans l'archipel des Maldives et à l'île Maurice (océan Indien)." Montpellier 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON30038.
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Le tourisme est un puissant facteur de développement dans les petits États insulaires qui font face à de lourdes contraintes spatiales (exiguïté, isolement, morcellement, pauvreté des ressources. . . ) et anthropiques (sociétés traditionnelles confrontées à la modernité, forte dépendance extérieure, faible diversification économique. . . ). L'archipel des Maldives et l'île Maurice, les deux principales destinations touristiques de l'océan Indien occidental, offrent en ce sens deux cas d'étude intéressants pour la lecture des effets du tourisme sur les processus d'organisation territoriale. À travers une approche géographique à vocation globale et systémique, ce travail s'applique à montrer que les influences du tourisme sur les territoires et sur les sociétés sont de nature complexe et qu'elles varient suivant les échelles spatiales et temporelles considérées. Il montre également que même si le tourisme est un moteur économique majeur et un transformateur de lieux, d'autres phénomènes, plus généraux ceux-là, sont à considérer qui sont la polarisation de l'espace ("effet capitale") et la recherche d'un équilibre territorialTourism is one of the main supports of economic development in small island states which have to face both strong physical constraints (remoteness, limited land, scarcity of natural resources. . . ) and major anthropogenic changes (high external dependence and low economic diversification, effects of modernity on society and culture. . . ). The two major tourism destinations of the western Indian ocean, Maldives and Mauritius, are interesting case studies so as to determine the effects of tourism on the organization of territories. Based upon a systemic and global geographical approach, this study shows that the effects of tourism on territory and society are both complex and highly variable according to the spatial and temporal scales which are considered. Whereas tourism appears as a strong factor in the organization of island states, it is demonstrated that processes such as space polarization due to the "capital effect" and the efforts of the government to achieve territorial equilibrium also play a major role
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Auvray, Bénédicte. "L'enclavement touristique dans les îles tropicales Polynésie française, Maldives, République dominicaine." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00761209.
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Dans un monde où le franchissement des frontières se simplifie, tandis que les flux touristiques croissent régulièrement, la pérennité des enclaves touristiques interroge quant au rapport à l'espace et à l'autre. L'objectif est de mettre en lumière la variabilité des réactions et des relations qui naissent de l'implantation d'une structure touristique fermée dans un territoire. La dynamique d'ouverture et de fermeture de l'enclave semble induite par le contexte social, économique, culturel et même politique à l'oeuvre dans chaque territoire considéré. L'enclavement est en ce sens relatif à l'altérité même si ce lien s'avère complexe. Le traitement de l'altérité par l'enclavement, notamment grâce à des procédés de fermetures, passe au sein de la structure touristique par son appropriation au moyen de mises en scène de l'exotisme. En tant qu'objet géographique fantasmé, l'île tropicale constituerait un cadre propice à ce développement touristique fondé sur la mise à distance de l'Autre au profit de l'entre-soi et d'une valorisation de l'altérité exotique stéréotypée. L'étude de l'enclavement touristique en milieu tropical insulaire renseigne certes sur certaines dynamiques du marché touristique et sur les stratégies de développement économiques des grands groupes hôteliers mondiaux et de pays insulaires ou archipélagiques, mais l'enjeu est surtout de considérer le rapport du touriste au lieu comme un exemple-type du rapport paradoxal de l'homme à l'espace à l'époque contemporaine entre valorisation de la mobilité et prédilection pour l'immobilité.
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Koyuncu, Hakan. "Transoceanic Propagation Of Sumatra Tsunamis And Their Effects On Maldives Islands." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612813/index.pdf.
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In recent years the negative effects of tsunamis in the Indian Ocean dramatically increased. Although, this subject became very popular lately, the far-field activities of tsunamis are needed to be evaluated in Indian Ocean. In this thesis, Maldives and Sumatra islands were emphasized to analyze the effects of the transoceanic propagation of tsunamis in Indian Ocean. At first, using GIS Based softwares, the geographical data of the region were extracted and organized for analyzing. Secondly, a worst earthquake scenario was initiated at Sumatra which is located at a long distance from Maldives Islands. Then, corresponding effects of transoceanic tsunami were analyzed and accordingly coastal amplifications near Maldivian Islands were computed by NAMI DANCE. As a final step, an evaluation study was carried out to understand the transoceanic propagation behavior of tsunamis in Indian Ocean and results were discussed.
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Hameed, Shaffa. "Sexual health policies and youth : a case study of the Maldives." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2012. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/731/.
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This research examines sexual health (SH) policies and experiences of youth, using the Maldives as a case study. Youth SH is a controversial and under-researched issue in The Maldives, an Islamic state where premarital sexual activity is a punishable offence. This thesis addresses the question: To what extent, and why is there a mismatch between official Maldivian SH policies, services and data and the lived experiences of youth in Maldives? It is a mixed methods study involving four research methods and sets of data: i) qualitative in-depth interviews (n=61) with youth aged 18-24 years from three sites within the Maldives; ii) key informant interviews (n=17) with policy actors and service providers; iii) a web-based quantitative survey of Maldivian youth (n=480); and iv) secondary analysis of the Maldives DHS 2009. There are four main findings from this research, three of which are substantive, and one of which is methodological. Sociocultural and religious factors heavily influenced policymaking, service provision and youth experiences. Contrary to most theocratic states, the SH policymaking process in the Maldives is shaped by policy actors and institutions whose strengths have more sociocultural basis than religious expertise. Whilst published official data and original secondary analyses of the MDHS suggest that premarital sexual activity among youth is very limited; this thesis finds extensive reporting of sexual activity. This contrast was also reflected in youth’s knowledge of STIs- where official data displayed a higher level of awareness than found through in-depth interviews and the web-based survey- and their experience of unwanted pregnancies and abortions, which appear to be under-reported in official data. Analyses of the web-based survey using the same questions as the DHS show significantly higher levels of reporting of sexual activity, showing a strong modality effect on survey response. Results from the web-based survey demonstrated that if sociocultural factors were removed from questionnaire design (e.g. censorship of certain issues) and administration (e.g., privacy and anonymity- difficult to achieve in small island communities typical of the Maldives); it is possible to improve response rates and quality of the data. Finally, this thesis highlights two key characteristics of the relationship between SH policy, services, data and youth experiences in the Maldives. Firstly, youth SH experiences appear to be disconnected from SH policies, services and data. Secondly, there is a mutually reinforcing relationship between official SH data and policies, where restrictive policies dictate the type and extent of data that may be collected, which then reinforce justifications for the current restrictive policies and limited services. Policy implications of this research include identifying and addressing the links between SH policymaking and religious and sociocultural factors, and addressing the subsequent effect on SH policy and services for youth.
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Plüss, Christine. "Au fil des îles propos sur les Maldives et le tourisme /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376004354.
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Vishan, Ibrahim. "Key determinants of stakeholders' response to environmental issues in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Brighton, 2013. https://research.brighton.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/dbc8c68b-7dd2-48ed-8401-b7e281a05621.
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Environmental issues such as climate change, waste and pollution have been frequently discussed and debated among experts and practitioners, and in the world media. Small Island Developing States (SIDS) have been recognised as being environmentally vulnerable because they tend to have a small set of resources and have delicate fragile land and marine eco-systems and a relatively high vulnerability to natural disasters. However, insufficient attention at all sector levels in SIDS has been given to stakeholders’ perspectives about what affects their responses to environmental issues. This thesis presents an investigation of the determinants of responses to environmental issues in a SIDS country. A single-embedded case study was developed to study the Maldives. It included analysis of policy and institutional documents produced by the Maldives government, international organisations, third/voluntary sector and the private sector with a presence or role in the Maldives. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with primary stakeholders consisting of government officials, representatives from international organisations, private sector organisations, trade associations, third/voluntary sector organisations and local community leaders with a presence or role in the Maldives. The findings of the study revealed that Government Motivation is the key determinant in influencing the ability of stakeholders in the Maldives to respond to environmental issues which concern them most, (e.g. climate change, disaster risk, and waste management). A number of problems emerged due to insufficient government motivation: political corruption; lack of stakeholder awareness and education; human resource situation; lack of stakeholder communication; lack of stakeholder motivation; lack of transparency and accountability and lack of appropriate fiscal and monetary action. These issues influenced and were affected by a number of capacity issues: awareness/education; technology; communication/network of interaction; human resources; including institutional structure and financial Issues. The study contributes the perspectives of stakeholders in the Maldives to the wider debates about environmental issues in SIDs.
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Didi, Fathimath Moosa. "Policy implementation in three primary health care programmes in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2006. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.668729.
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Plüss, Christine. "Au fil des iles. Propos sur les maldives et le tourisme." Paris 7, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA070104.
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Les maldives - une republique independante, une societe insulaire relativement isolee et mal connue en occident - sont confrontees depuis une quinzaine d'annees, a l'avenement du tourisme international qui s'avere lui-meme "insulaire" dans ses pratiques et dans son discours. L'amenagement touristique enclave en "ile-hotel" faconne dans une large mesure le paysage global (geo- graphique, economique, socio-culturel, ecologique). Adapte en apparence au terrain, le discours touristique - publicitaire en premier lieu - se fonde en realite sur un vieux reve occidental de l'ile que les maldives n'ont jamais notablement contribue a engendrer, mais dont elles sont desormais un symbole en occident. - elaboree en etroite liaison avec le travail de guide de tourisme sur place, cette etude tend a approfondir les connaissances sur les maldives et a elucider l'action du tourisme international sur ce milieu precis, plus particulierement sous l'aspect de la creation d'images et de l'exploitation commerciale du reve de l'ile, theme extremement riche dont quelques elements pourront etre suivis a travers l'histoire de la civilisation occidentaleThe maldives - an independent republic, an insular society, relatively isolated and not well known in the west - has for the last fifteen years been confronted with the advent of international tourism which, in itself, has proven to be insular both in practice as well as in rhetoric. The esta- blishment of tourist enclaves in the form of "island-hotels" determines to a large extent the overall environment - geographic, economic, socio-cultural, ecological. The promotion of island tourism, in all appearances fitting to the maldivian landscape, dissolves in reality into a dream in the west of the island, which the maldives did nothing to foster but of which it has become a symbol in the west. - completed in conjunction with work on the islands as a tour guide, this study attempts to increase knowledge of the maldives and elucidate the impacts of international tourism on a specific environment, especially in light of the creation of images and the commercial exploitation of the island dream, an extremely rich theme of which certain elements can be traced throughout the history of western civilization
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Zahid. "The influence of Asian monsoon variability on precipitation patterns over the Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Department of Geography, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/5891.
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Asian climate varies on various spatial and temporal scales and has a wide spectrum of climatic characteristics. Climate variability, especially decadal to inter-annual scale rainfall variability across Asia has gained considerable attention of climatologists over the last century due to the fact that rainfall variability is known to have caused considerable damage to southern Asian nations. Until recent, much of the existing literature on southern Asian climate focused on India and it is only recently that studies have focused on countries other than India. Although the Maldives is a nation within southern Asia (lying in the Indian Ocean southwest of India), literature on precipitation patterns over the Maldives and its connection to the Asian monsoon is lacking.
This thesis examines the variability of precipitation over the Maldives in relation to the Asian monsoon, since proper knowledge of the spatial and temporal variations of precipitation is essential for managing the water resources and agricultural sector of the Maldives. Yearly and monthly rainfall across the Maldives indicates that the rainfall varies temporally and spatially. Despite spatial variability of mean annual rainfall (January-December total) showing rainfall increasing from north to south, it was found that on average the northern and southern parts of the Maldives have received less rainfall during the monsoon season (May-November). This suggests that the mean annual rainfall maximum for the Maldives occurs between central and southern parts of the Maldives during the monsoon season. The Maldives monsoon rainfall is characterised by inter-decadal and inter-annual periodicities with a frequency of 12.9 and 2.5-4 years, and intra-seasonal periodicities (10-20 days and 30-60 day) in daily time series of monsoon rainfall for different regions of Asia. The fact that no objective criteria previously existed to identify monsoon onset and withdrawal dates in the Maldives, the criteria developed here for defining the monsoon season objectively for this region indicates that on average the rainy season or monsoon commences between 4 May and 13 May (mean onset dates based on outward longwave radiation (OLR) index and rain and wind criteria, respectively) and terminates in late November (21 and 23 November: mean withdrawal dates based on rain and wind, and OLR index criteria, respectively) for the Maldives. The mean length of the rainy season (LRS) based on the OLR index is 204 days, the mean LRS based on rain and wind is 11 days shorter (193 days). Results also demonstrate that the earliest monsoon onset for the Asian region occurs in the south of the Maldives in April.
Correlation coefficient maps generated between Maldives monsoon rainfall and meteorological parameters suggest that the most significant parameters that influence the interannual variability of the Maldives monsoon rainfall (MMR) are mean sea level pressure, surface air temperature, OLR, sea surface temperature (SST), and the zonal wind and relative humidity at various levels. Temporal consistency checks carried out for these parameters with the MMR led to the elimination of some of these predictors (which have less influence in the variance of MMR). The predictors which explained a significant amount of variance in the MMR were retained, including surface relative humidity during April (SRHAPR), 850 hPa level relative humidity during May (850RHMAY) and 500 hPa relative humidity for May (500RHMAY). These parameters were then used to formulate a regression model (using backward regression) for the prediction of Maldives monsoon rainfall. The predictors included in the model account for a significant part of the variance (76.6%, with a correlation coefficient, CC = 0.9) in MMR, indicating the usefulness of the model for medium-range prediction of MMR before the core monsoon season commences.
Global scale processes such as the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) phenomenon influence the weather and climate around the globe, with ENSO considered to be one of the strongest natural phenomena influencing the climate of Asia on inter-annual time-scales. The association between the Maldives monsoon rainfall and ENSO events demonstrates that deficient/excess monsoon rainfall over the Maldives and India region is linked to the strong/moderate El Niño and La Niña events, respectively. During strong/moderate El Niño events, about 71.4% of the time the Maldives/India region experiences deficiencies in monsoon rainfall, while the Maldives/India region experiences excessive monsoon rainfall about 75% of the time during strong/moderate La Niña events. One of the regional scale processes that influence the climate of Asia is Eurasian snow cover. No previous studies have directly examined possible relationships between Eurasian snow and Maldives monsoon rainfall. The possible relationship between Eurasian snow cover (ESC) and the Maldives monsoon rainfall, explored in this research for the first time, appears to be only very weak. The results also demonstrate that the inverse relationship between the ESC and the Indian monsoon has weakened over recent decades. The correlation coefficient (-0.34) between Indian monsoon rainfall and ESC obtained for the 1973-94 period dropped to -0.18 for the 1979-2007 period. The inter-annual variability of the Indian and Australian monsoon rainfall experiences a remarkable biennial oscillation, which has been referred to as the tropospheric biennial oscillation (TBO). It is believed that the land and ocean surface conditions in March-May (MAM) over the Indo-Pacific region play an important role in monsoon transitions. The Maldives monsoon rainfall transition from relatively strong/weak to relatively weak/strong in consecutive years demonstrates a TBO connection (via a biennial tendency in Maldives monsoon rainfall). In relation to the Maldives monsoon rainfall, TBO strong years occur about 47.1% of the time, while weak TBO years occur about 52.9% of the time. Only some of the El Niño and La Niña onset years correspond to strong TBO years, with El Niño onset years (1982, 1987 and 2002) corresponding to weak TBO years, while La Niña onset years (1988 and 2000) corresponding to strong TBO years. Variability (spatial and temporal) in Maldives precipitation associated with global and regional scale processes results in flood and drought events that have downstream impacts, such as on water resources and the agricultural sector of the Maldives. Excess (wet) or deficient rainfall years identified for the period 1992-2008 indicate that the central region is most vulnerable to flooding (5 years with excess rainfall: 27.8% of the time), while the southern region is least vulnerable to both flooding (2 years with excess rainfall: 11.1% of the time) and drought (2 years with deficit rainfall: 11.1% of the time). The northern and central regions show an equal number of years with deficit rainfall (3 years: 16.7% of the time), indicating that they are equally prone to drought events. Furthermore, field survey results demonstrate that about 23, 31 and 37% households (respondents) from the northern, central and southern regions experienced flood events. About 79, 58 and 77% of the farmers from the northern, central and southern areas also experienced floods on their farms. On the other hand, field survey results also suggest that the 49-63% of the households in outer islands of the Maldives and 48-62% of farmers experience shortage of rainwater.
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Adam, Mohamed Shiham. "Population dynamics and assessment of skipjack tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) in the Maldives." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311917.
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Ahmed, Mohamed Jameel. "An investigation into the criminal justice system of the Republic of Maldives." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497838.
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The criminal justice system in the Maldives needs to be reformed to accommodate modern standards and features necessary for an effective legal system and thereby assist the people who come into contact with the law to be dealt with efficiently and consideration to due process. The rights of suspects at the investigation stage and during detention should be protected and suspects should not be subjected to unfair practices by detention officers that violate international standards advocated throughout modem jurisdictions.
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Kitchen-Wheeler, Anne-Marie. "The behaviour and ecology of Alfred mantas (Manta Alfredi) in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1936.
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At the commencement of this study all data on Manta rays were combined under the single species Manta birostris, and there was little information available on their ecology. Manta rays were frequently reported throughout the Maldives, and tourist manta-watching is an economically important activity in this region although no previous study of manta numbers or movements had been made. An individual identification method was developed based on the unique ventral marking pattern of each animal in order to record the identity and frequency of visit by mantas to the numerous cleaning and feeding areas. Information on sex, estimated size, and the markings pattern were collated in an Access database along with date/time and location of each animal sighting. Mantas were also observed and recorded photographically and on video being cleaned by cleaner fish and during feeding activity so that typical behaviours could be investigated. Analysis of the ID records and sightings data of over 1900 individually identified mantas has shown that the smaller reef-associated Manta alfredi is the predominant species in the Maldives. The majority of mantas (~74%) have been sighted only once, but this is probably due to a relatively low survey rate, with the remainder re-sighted between one and 34 times. Individual mantas which were re-sighted appeared confined to an atoll, visiting a number of cleaning stations around the atoll and migrating between east and west sides so as to be predominantly on the leeside to the prevailing monsoon. Only ~1% of mantas were reported in more than one different atoll with 270 km being the greatest distance between sites where an individual manta was reported, a range not previously recorded. A population study estimated populations of around 537 mantas in small atolls and 811 in large atolls. The population was ~65% female, and females were significantly larger than males. Reproductive periodicity appears low with only 26% of likely mature females ever being sighted pregnant over a 5 year period. Females which were reported pregnant produced offspring less frequently than every two years, on average. This low reproductive rate might put this small population at risk if local fishing practices changed. i The behaviour of mantas at cleaning stations was investigated as well as the identity and abundance of cleaner fish species. Feeding strategies are described and appear to show that feeding is a co-operative behaviour in mantas. These preliminary behavioural studies provide early insights into the ecology of this species.
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Zubair, Ahmed. "Challenges to the consolidation of democracy: a case study of the Maldives." Thesis, Monterey, California: Naval Postgraduate School, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/39043.
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Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited.This thesis explores the consolidation of democracy in the Maldives and challenges it faced during its first five years of democratic life with special emphasis on the circumstances that led to the premature resignation of the first democratically-elected head of state, President Mohamed Nasheed. It analyzes the political history of Maldives and the role of military in the society. A long history of authoritarian rule and the very sudden transfer to a democratic system left many institutions to be reformed democratically in the due course. In an effort to hasten the reform process, the ambitious new president unfortunately at times resorted to undemocratic means, especially using the military. His actions surpassed his authority resulting in the public demand for his resignation, and in the midst of many calamitous events that took place during the last few days of his presidency, President Nasheed resigned casting a cloud of doubt over the fate of democracy in the Maldives. This study concludes that despite the many challenges the infant democracy of Maldives has faced, it overcame them all by the role played by local institutions. Thus, Maldives is thriving as a democratic success story.
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Zameer, Abdulla. "Exploring leadership in primary schools in Male', the Maldives : a local perspective." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/5d97ba21-43bc-4dd6-9003-43c683acb852.
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Mohamed, Solah. "A bioeconomic analysis of Maldivian skipjack tuna fishery /." Tromsø : Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Universitetet i Tromsø, 2007. http://www.ub.uit.no/munin/bitstream/10037/1163/1/thesis.pdf.
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Nazeer, Abdulla. "Teaching economics at secondary school level in the Maldives : a cooperative learning model /." The University of Waikato, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2540.
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The dominant approach to the study of economics at secondary school level in the Maldives is teacher-centred methods based on behaviourist views of teaching and learning. Despite considerable research on the benefits of cooperative learning in economic education at the post-secondary level, very limited research has been conducted in secondary school classrooms in order to find ways of improving teaching and learning of economics. The purpose of this study was to enhance the teaching and learning of economics at secondary schools in the Maldives by trialing a cooperative learning model to enhance economics teachers' awareness of the impact that cooperative learning might have on student learning. This study explored a cooperative learning approach to teaching and learning economics in secondary schools and investigated teachers' and students' perceptions of cooperative learning. Some elements of both ethnographic and grounded theory methodologies were employed and specific data collection methods included workshops, classroom observations, interviews, video tapes and student questionnaires. Nine teachers and 232 students were involved in this study. The research was conducted in three stages (pre-intervention, workshops to train the participants, and post-intervention) over a period of three months in three selected schools in Male', the Maldives. Four research themes were derived from the analysis of both pre and post intervention data. These themes were teaching issues, learning issues, cooperative learning implementing issues, and students' and teachers' reactions to cooperative learning. In the pre-intervention phase, the teachers taught in a traditional manner, but after the intervention they incorporated elements of cooperative learning method to teach economics in their selected classes. The overall findings showed a considerable change in teachers' and students' attitudes and perceptions about traditional teacher-centred methods towards more student-centred methods of cooperative learning. It was evident that both teachers and students perceived cooperative learning to be an effective method of teaching. For example, the findings revealed that both teachers and students understood and could see the benefits that cooperative learning offered to the teaching and learning of economics. The students indicated that they liked working in groups and appreciated getting help from other students. In addition, the results revealed that students' interactions and involvement in classroom activities, as well as interest and motivation to learn economics, increased during the implementation of the cooperative learning model. Furthermore, this study found a mismatch between home and the traditional teacher-centred school culture in the Maldives. In contrast, the findings suggest that the principles of cooperative learning match well with the cultural values of Maldivian society. Consequently, a revised model of cooperative learning is presented that includes the aspects of culture. Jordan (1985) argued that educational practices must match with the children's culture (p. 110) and thus culturally responsive teaching can help to minimise confusion and promote an academic community of learners that enables students to be more successful learners (Gay, 2000). This study suggests that training teachers and students for cooperative learning is salient for effective implementation of cooperative learning for a positive influence on students' learning and teachers' pedagogy. However, further research should be conducted to examine other aspects of teaching and learning which may also enhance this relationship.
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Naseer, Badhoora. "Moving towards inclusion: A case study of one urban school in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Human Development, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7702.
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This case study explores and documents the development of inclusive education in one urban school in the Maldives. It focuses on the steps taken to move the school towards inclusion, the practices and experiences of different stakeholders involved in the process, and the factors that influenced inclusive education in the school.
Qualitative data was collected through interviews with some of the key members of the school community and through classroom observations and documents. Findings have revealed that the development of inclusive education in the school came about through a school leader rather than policies. In spite of recognized efforts towards inclusion, a range of exclusionary practices was still observed. Various impediments constrained the development of inclusive education, including, lack of collaboration between the SEN (Special Educational Needs) and the general staff, limited knowledge, awareness and positive understanding about inclusion, scarcity of resources and support services. Factors such as large classes, undifferentiated curriculum, and rigid time tables also negatively affected the developmental process.
Findings indicate the complexity of developing inclusive education. The findings also suggest that changes on the societal level, in the education ministry and, in the school and classroom level could help sustain the development of inclusive education. The factors that could contribute to the development of inclusive education at these levels are discussed, as are the implications for the successful development of inclusive education in schools.
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Hameed, Hala. "Understanding gender and intra-household relations : a case study of Shaviyani Atoll, Maldives." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.398807.
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Ahmed, Musliha. "Guest houses in the Maldives : current integration and proposal towards Community Based Tourism." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3004/document.
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Le tourisme est devenu un secteur d'activité majeur aux Maldives. Fondé sur un modèle "one-island-one-resort", il a tenu les touristes à l'écart de la société maldivienne pour la protéger. Engagée en 2010, l'ouverture de nombreuses chambres d'hôtes permet de développer le tourisme sur les îles habitées et favorise la rencontre entre touristes et habitants. Cette thèse analyse les effets de cette ouverture. Elle s’interroge sur l’intégration du tourisme dans la société maldivienne. Elle montre qu’au-delà de différences culturelles, se posent de nombreuses questions : emploi, éducation, partage des richesses créées par le tourisme, préservation de l’environnement, gouvernance territoriale, etc... Cette intégration serait favorisée par un modèle touristique s'inspirant du tourisme communautaire. La thèse donne des recommandations concertant l'application d'un tel modèleTourism has become a major economic sector in the Republic of Maldives. Based on a "oneisland- one-resort" model, it has kept tourists away from Maldivian society to protect it. Launched in 2010, the opening of a number of guest rooms has made it possible to develop tourism on the populated islands and to promote encounters between tourists and inhabitants. This thesis analyses the effects of this sector. It questions the integration of tourism into Maldivian society. It shows that, beyond cultural differences, many questions arise: employment, education, wealth distribution, preservation of the environment, territorial governance, etc... This integration would be promoted by a tourism model inspired by community tourism. The thesis provides recommendations for the application of such a model
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Didi, Khaulath Mohamed. "The Progress of Democratic Transition in the Republic of Maldives : A Realistic Assessment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.508611.
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Sleeper, Buck (Thomas Buck). "Last resorts : a tour guide to territorial protection for the Republic of the Maldives." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/63056.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 180-181).
A two meter rise in sea levels projected by the end of this century threatens the sovereignty of the Maldivian nation state. While flight from the Maldives to establish a new homeland elsewhere has been proposed, the culture and economy of this country is inextricably entrenched in its geophysical environment. Although the Maldives is known for super luxury resorts, the nation's government is poorly positioned to defend a population of 400,000 people spread across 1200 islands. This thesis proposes a strategy by which the international resort operator, an autonomous and independently funded entity, can be mobilized as an agent of coastal defense. Also investigated are issues of artificial reef ecology, defensive coastal infrastructures, and prefabricated composite construction and modularity.
by Buck Sleeper.
M.Arch.
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Perry, Cameron T. "Age and Growth of Whale Sharks (Rhincodon typus) near the South Ari Atoll, Maldives." NSUWorks, 2017. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/occ_stuetd/437.
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The whale shark (Rhincodon typus) has a global distribution in warm to warm temperate oceans, and is a species of high conservation concern currently categorized as Endangered on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List. Despite its dire conservation status and concerns about the growing number of ecotourism interactions with this species worldwide, relatively little information is available on key aspects of whale shark biology such as growth rates, reproductive rates, survival rates and breeding habitats. In particular, critical information such as age and growth of whale sharks is needed to improve the management and conservation of this species. Robust knowledge of life history parameters is needed to improve demographic models for whale sharks and enable better evaluation of their vulnerability to fishing pressures and recovery from population declines.
Whale sharks are well known to form aggregations in specific locations, with one such site being the South Ari Atoll in the Maldives. My study aimed to expand knowledge of the population dynamics, including age and growth, of whale sharks at the South Ari Atoll by calculating growth parameters and rates from encounters with free-swimming sharks over a decade (April 2006 to May 2016). A total of 1545 encounters with 125 individual sharks were recorded during this time period. To obtain the most accurate information on the sizes of whale sharks, total lengths were estimated by three different measurement methods (visual, laser photogrammetry, and tape), and linear regression was utilized to investigate how these different methods compared to one another. The results showed that visual estimates tended to underestimate sizes of the larger sharks, and laser and tape measurements yielded similar results to one another (R2 = 0.824). New sharks observed at the South Ari Atoll during the study period were significantly smaller than returning sharks, suggesting that young sharks may be recruited to the South Ari Atoll, where they stay and grow until reaching maturity before leaving the area.
To the best of my knowledge, my study is the first to infer growth parameters and rates from measurements of free-swimming whale sharks. Estimates of von Bertalanffy growth parameters for combined sexes, calculated from 180 encounters with 44 individual sharks (Males (n=40), Females (n=4), TL=3.16 m – 8.00 m), yielded an L¥ of 19.56 and a k value of 0.021. Analyzing 177 encounters with 40 male sharks (TL=3.16 m - 8.00 m) exclusively provided an L¥ of 18.08 and a k value of 0.023. These values correspond to a male age at maturity of ~25 years and a longevity of ~140 years, exceeding those estimated for whale sharks captured off Taiwan based on analysis of biannual vertebral rings (male maturity =17 years; longevity (combined sexes) = 80.4 years). There have been few growth studies, mainly from vertebral analysis, that have produced wide ranges in L¥ (14 – 20.5) and k values (0.017 – 0.037). These differences underscore the need for additional regional studies to obtain population specific estimates of these key life history parameters.
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Aboobakur, Maimoona Pimonpan Isarabhakdi. "Influence of maternal and service factors on neonatal deaths and still births in the Maldives /." Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd392/4838760.pdf.
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Amira, Fathimath. "The role of local food in Maldives tourism a focus on promotion and economic development : a thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Philosophy (MPhil) in Tourism, 2009 /." Click here to access this resource online, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/748.
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In the fiercely competitive globalized tourism industry, where there is growing concern for the development of sustainable tourism, tourism stakeholders are confronted with the challenge of creating innovative product differentiation and effective marketing that will increase yield and promote sustainable tourism development. Food is a fundamental part of the tourist experience. Increasingly, local food is used in tourism as an integral part of the visitor attraction to enrich tourist experiences. Local food acts as a differentiating feature for destinations and can play an important role in increasing visitor yield, stimulating growth in other economic sectors and promoting sustainable occupations. The close relationship between local food and culture enables the promotion of cultural heritage by promoting local food. Thus, linking local food and tourism has the potential to create more sustainable tourism practices and outcomes. This study evaluates the role of local food in tourism promotion. It also focuses on economic development, exploring the potential for creating linkages between local food and tourism in the context of sustainable tourism practices. The research is based on a case study of the Republic of Maldives, a country which has gained success in the international tourism market by promoting the natural beauty of its tropical islands. Like many Small Island Developing States (SIDS), tourism is the key to the Maldives’ economic development. But a heavy reliance on imports and a large expatriate labour force cause a significant leakage of tourism revenue. Tourism has been developed under a one-island-one-resort concept. This has created tourist enclaves that limit distribution of tourism benefits among local communities. Hence, Maldives’ tourism needs ways to broaden economic linkages and increase tourism yield. Broader visitor experiences that enhance product attractiveness in ways that still conserve and protect the fragile ecosystem are also required. This research utilized content and discourse analyses and surveys in a mixed-methods approach. Content analysis of printed and web-based tourism marketing materials reveals that food is not featured prominently as a tourist attraction in the Maldives. Surveys conducted among operators and experts indicate considerable support for and the potential benefits of, linking food to tourism; these stakeholders also state that they believe there is a strong desire on the part of tourists to experience local food. A range of issues and constraints that work against linking local food and tourism are revealed; these include under-developed transportation and logistics, shortages of skilled staff, and a lack of communication between producers and tourism operators. A variety of suggestions on linking local food to tourism are presented with recommendations of potential local foods and food-related events that could be successfully integrated into the tourist experience.
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Mohamed, Niuma. "Assessment in Male’ Schools: Three Maldivian Primary Teachers' Knowledge, Beliefs, & Typical Assessment Practices." Thesis, University of Canterbury. School of Educational Studies and Leadership, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/8686.
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Assessment practice in Maldivian schools is undergoing change. The newly developed draft of Maldivian National Curriculum with associated documents aligns assessment, instruction, and curriculum to provide optimum learning conditions for students. The Maldivian Ministry of Education (MOE), in collaboration with UNICEF, has introduced quality indicators for the Child Friendly Baraabaru School (CFBS) based on the Maldivian National Curriculum. These indicators stress the importance of maintaining a balance between assessment for learning (formative assessment) and assessment of learning (summative assessment). The dissemination and implementation of best practices in formative assessment are currently underway in Maldivian schools.
This study portrays a “snapshot in time” of assessment practices of three teachers and utilizes the findings to provide an insight into the MOE’s initiative of assessment innovations in Maldivian classrooms and schools. The study found that the three teachers have to practice formative assessment within high quality interactions based on thoughtful questions, attend to responses, and with observation and documentation to reflect a valid picture of the whole child.
Nevertheless, the study also showed how the three teachers separated assessment from teaching and learning as well as how the teachers documented and reported this assessment data. There is a strong element of competition for academic achievement, as reported in grades and numerical scores. The competition is amongst students, teachers and parents. This competition appears to get in the way of assessment being used to support teaching and learning.
Nonetheless, when the research data was explored through a formative assessment lens, there was also evidence of formative assessment being used in the normal day-to-day happenings in the three classrooms. The teachers in this study were not always confident in their use of formative assessment, and did not necessarily recognize when they were using formative assessment strategies. They all wanted all of their students to be successful learners, and they wanted to be good teachers. The study shows some of the complexities that teachers face when implementing new approaches to assessment.
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Shaheed, Abdul. "Coconut oil and its derivatives as a renewable alternative diesel fuel for use in the Maldives." Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299675.
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Shareef, Ahmed. "A study of the stakeholder perspectives on how to improve quality in education in the Maldives." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266877.
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Ibrahim, Asma Jirapron Chompikul. "Patient satisfaction with health services at the Outpatient Department of Indira Gandi Memorial Hospital, Amale' Maldives /." Abstract, 2008. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2551/cd414/5037998.pdf.
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Spiegel, Rachel Hannah. "Drowning in Rising Seas: Navigating Multiple Knowledge Systems and Responding to Climate Change in the Maldives." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pitzer_theses/76.
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The threat of global climate change increasingly influences the actions of human society. As world leaders have negotiated adaptation strategies over the past couple of decades, a certain discourse has emerged that privileges Western conceptions of environmental degradation. I argue that this framing of climate change inhibits the successful implementation of adaptation strategies. This thesis focuses on a case study of the Maldives, an island nation deemed one of the most vulnerable locations to the impacts of rising sea levels. I apply a postcolonial theoretical framework to examine how differing knowledge systems can both complement and contradict one another. By analyzing government-enforced relocation policies in the Maldives, I find that points of contradiction between Western and indigenous environmental epistemologies can create opportunities to bridge the gap between isolated viewpoints and serve as moments to resist the dominant climate change discourse.
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Smith, Barbara J. "The delivery of Western counsellor training in the Maldives Islands, South East Asia : a case study." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.546740.
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Mohamed, Mizna. "Economic valuation of coral reefs: a case study of the costs and benefits of improved management of Dhigali Haa, a marine protected area in Baa atoll, Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1473.
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Coral reefs are a vital resource in the low-island Republic of Maldives, where the sustainable use of these resources is central to the continued economic success of the country's two largest sectors: tourism and fisheries. This recognition has led to numerous reef conservation and protection activities, including the establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). As in many MPAs of the world, those in the Maldives exist only as paper parks: areas protected on paper but not in practice. Despite general recognition of the importance of reef resources, insufficient funds are allocated by government to implement these parks. This situation is compounded by the absence of specific information and detailed understanding by policy makers of the true value and economic benefits of reef resources. This thesis examines the an economic valuation of improved management of MPAs in the Maldives using Dhigali Haa, an MPA in Baa Atoll, Maldives, as a case study. A contingent valuation survey to elicit the willingness to pay of tourists visiting Baa Atoll to see improved management at the MPA was used in estimating the potential benefits. In addition, local community consultations were conducted to understand local perceptions of MPAs and their effectiveness, and to develop a feasible improved management scenario. The local consultations confirmed that Dhigali Haa was not effectively managed, leading to continued illegal use and degradation of the reef. The results of the CV survey revealed support from tourists visiting Baa Atoll to pay for improved management of Dhigali Haa. A one-off conservation fee per visit for all tourists visiting Baa Atoll was preferred over a user fee solely for divers visiting Dhigali Haa. The estimate for the mean WTP for the conservation fee was US$35±5 compared to a mean WTP of US$15±5 for the user fee. Comparisons between the cost of implementing improved management and the benefits gained from tourist fees showed that a conservation fee would be more beneficial than a user fee. The estimated net present value for funding the improved management via a conservation fee was US$8.65 million.
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Anwar, Ahmed. "Problems of teacher supply in the Maldives in relation to their work, status and the market situation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/06766287-d5d4-45ba-bf66-e66224505892.
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Maldives is known to the outside world as a paradise on earth. But the real proprietors of this paradise, its own people, have lived in a continuing dark age. They are denied access to knowledge and education, which form the basis of intellectual development. The tragic story of the Maldivian folks is epitomised with real facts in Chapter 1 as a prologue to this work This work claims that two policy decisions appearing at two different times, did actually plant the seeds of the current problems of teacher supply. The first decision came in 1961. It was the introduction of the British Colonial System of Education to a few schools in Male'. The decision may have been precipitated by a desperate need to get trainable people to the labour market. Nearly a quarter of a century later, in 1984, a further decision was taken with immense international pressure to introduce a unified system of education based on a newly developed national curriculum to all the schools in the country. This has created a space, which had produced issues of teacher supply. That space could not be filled at all by Maldivian teachers and this study attempts to examine the real causes. These two decisions came on top of a history of neglect of education by the ruling elite in the Maldives. Thus, not only has this resulted in a small pool of potential teachers, but this study reveals that the pool of educated Maldivians is also very small, contributing to a deep structural problem of low levels of educated Maldivians in general. A powerful framework, consisting of not only the problem solving method but also the critical theory approach, was developed to unmask the causes which had given rise to these problems. In fact, more than three-quarters of all secondary and about a quarter of all primary teachers are expatriates. There has also been attrition for both expatriate and the local teachers causing further problems. It has emerged in this research that in the Maldives teachers work more than 10 hours a day. They work in the night, during public holidays and also in their vacation. At the same time, their situation in terms of income and the status does not appear to be promising although schools need, more than ever before, competent teachers to meet the challenges of the Twenty-first Century.
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Blomberg, Charlotte, and Sandra Blomvall. "A Comparison of the Ecological, Social and Economic Sustainability in Adaptation Strategies in The Maldives and Kiribati." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23848.
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Havsnivån stiger över hela världen på grund av termisk expansion och smältande glaciärer orsakade av den globala uppvärmningen. Maldiverna och Kiribati är några av de lägst liggande atolländerna i världen vilket gör dem särskilt utsatta för den förväntade havsnivåhöjningen. Denna uppsats undersöker vilka skillnader som finns i Maldivernas och Kiribatis klimatanpassningsstrategier vad gäller ekologisk, social och ekonomisk hållbarhet genom en kvalitativ innehållsanalys av deras respektive National Adaptation Programme of Action- dokument (NAPA). NAPA identifierar och beskriver de mest angelägna anpassningsprojekten i varje land. Genom att identifiera huruvida anpassningsprojekten är hållbara kan mer effektiva strategier implementeras i framtiden. Resultatet visar att flera anpassningsprojekt har misslyckats med att integrera alla tre aspekter av hållbar utveckling, vilket kan ha bidragit till ett ohållbart genomförande av klimatanpassningsåtgärder, medan vissa projekt även visar att det är möjligt att framgångsrikt integrera alla aspekter av hållbar utveckling.Sea levels are rising around the globe due to thermal expansion and melting glaciers caused by global warming. The Maldives and Kiribati are some of the lowest lying atoll countries in the world, which makes them particularly vulnerable to the projected sea level rise. This thesis investigates what differences exist in the adaptation strategies for the Maldives and Kiribati, in terms of ecological, social and economic sustainability, through a qualitative content analysis of their respective National Adaptation Programme of Action (NAPA) documents. The NAPAs identify and describe the most urgent adaptation projects in each country. By identifying whether the adaptation projects are sustainable, more effective strategies can be implemented in the future. The results show that several adaptation projects fail to incorporate all three aspects of sustainable development, which may have contributed to unsustainable implementation of climate change adaptation measures, whereas some projects also show that it is possible to successfully integrate all aspects of sustainable development.
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Khaleel, Ali. "Foreign policy orientation of small island states: An evaluation of the foreign policies of Vanuatu and the Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Political Science, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/4594.
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The limited literature on the foreign policy of small states is riddled with diverse views on the most effective policy orientation for these countries. Some scholars have specified multilateralism as the most effective strategy while others have suggested regionalism and some others have stressed bilateralism. While this is the case, small states being heavily dependent on the external environment and the least equipped to influence events or processes at the international level, find it essential to ensure that their foreign policy orientation is the most effective. As such, there is a need for additional research on the subject, as that undertaken in this thesis.
Guided by the framework for evaluation suggested by G.A. Raymond, this thesis attempted to evaluate the foreign policies of Vanuatu and the Maldives to determine whether there is any justification to argue in favour of multilateralism, regionalism or bilateralism as the most effective foreign policy strategy for small island states, a sub-group within the category of small states. Vanuatu and the Maldives were used as case studies since their policies were of the same class or universe rendering them suitable for comparison. Three foreign policy goals that have been identified for evaluation included, preserving and enhancing security and sovereignty; economic development; and environment protection. These goals were tied to several objectives. The thesis, using the comparative method, attempted to determine the relative effectiveness of the strategies, multilateralism, regionalism and bilateralism, in contributing towards realising the foreign policy objectives and thereby the goals.
The evaluation revealed that multilateralism was more effective overall in contributing towards the security and sovereignty related objectives and the environment related objectives of Vanuatu and the Maldives. Both bilateralism and multilateralism were equally effective for Vanuatu and the Maldives in contributing towards their economic development related objectives. The evaluation also revealed a slight bias in favour of multilateralism as more effective overall compared to regionalism and bilateralism, in contributing towards the three foreign policy goals of the two countries. This was because all of the objectives were given equal weight in the analysis. If the objectives were prioritised then the results would have been different. In fact, different strategies proved effective in contributing towards different objectives and goals. Often more than one strategy had to be used in furthering a single objective or goal. As such, based on the evaluation of this thesis, there is no justification to argue in favour of anyone strategy as more effective for the foreign policy of small states.
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Sier, Christopher J. S. "The reproductive biology and histology of three species of scleractinian corals from the Republic of Maldives, Indian Ocean." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242358.
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Didi, Aminath Mohamed. "The effects of marital dissolution on fertility and contraceptive behaviour among men and women in Addu Atoll, Maldives." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.342009.
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East, Holly Kate. "The evolution of Maldivian coral reef rim islands." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/30860.
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The first detailed investigation of Maldivian rim island development and reef-to-island connectivity is presented. Study sites were selected on windward and leeward rim aspects of Huvadhu Atoll, and analyses were undertaken at a millennial, contemporary and near-future temporal scales. At millennial temporal scales, contrasting models of island development were presented for the windward and leeward sites. Marked between-site differences were found in the timings of island initiation (2,800-2,000 cal. yr. B.P. and 4,200-3,600 cal. yr. B.P. at the windward and leeward sites respectively). Hence, sea-level does not represent the sole control upon island formation. The period of island initiation and heightened mobility occurred during the mid-Holocene sea-level highstand. Future sea-level rise may thus reactivate the process regime responsible for reef island initiation, potentially inducing further island building and/or heightened island mobilisation. Contemporary analyses highlighted the homogeneity of the sediment reservoir across marine, beach and island sediments. Specifically, sand-grade coral was dominant across all samples within both sites (>50%). The most likely source of sand-grade coral is excavator parrotfish, which was consistent with ecological survey-based estimates of sediment production (excavator parrotfish accounted for 72.8% and 68.2% of sediment production at the windward and leeward sites). The highest sediment production rates were found within the lagoonward environments (59.4% and 75.4% at the windward and leeward sites), which is consistent with the more recent lateral lagoonward mode of island building. With regard to near-future analyses, the apparent recent areal expansion of seagrass beds demonstrated the capacity of ecological changes to cause shifts in sediment production budgets (contributing an additional ~243 tonnes yr-1 of sediment on the leeward rim platform). In addition, significant increases in benthic sediment mobility were found at both study sites under sea-level rise scenarios. Increases in mobility were markedly larger in magnitude at the leeward site than at the windward site. A challenge for the adaptive capacity of atoll nations is thus to acknowledge this atoll-scale diversity in future management strategies.
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Jameel, Ahmed. "A model to integrate the management of hazards and disasters in the national sustainable development planning of the Maldives." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Geological Sciences, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1442.
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The small land area of the islands of the Maldives, combined with high population density, makes the communities of these islands vulnerable to natural disaster events such as flooding and tsunami. The Indian Ocean Tsunami on 26 December 2004 impacted 69 islands of the Maldives, killing 82 people, leaving 26 people missing and 15, 000 people internally displaced, making it the worst disaster in recorded history. Following the event, the Government of the Maldives announced a Safer Island Development Programme which seeks to provide the infrastructure necessary to adapt to natural disasters. The key focus of disaster management is to reduce the vulnerability of the communities exposed to hazards and risks, and to help them to enhance their resilience. Efforts have been made to develop safer and sustainable communities in all corners of the developed and developing worlds. New Zealand Government announced its effort to build safe and secure communities in 2007 while at a local level the Christchurch City Council published the Safer Christchurch Strategy in 2005. Overseas, the Community Strategy 2000, outlines the vision of "A safe and strong Island" at Isle of Wight United Kingdom. The islands of the Maldives have natural characteristics which make them vulnerable to disasters such as tsunami. This research has been able to identify the relationship between these characteristics and the natural vulnerability of the islands using the data that was collected following the Indian Ocean Tsunami. Out of 11 island, that have been identified for the Safer Islands Development Programme, one island is found to have very high natural vulnerability and 5 islands a high natural vulnerability, from the island vulnerability index model developed through this study. The Island Vulnerability Index model could be used to enhance the present Safer Island Development Programme island selection criteria, to reduce the possibility of 'building risk' into the infrastructure development on the islands. The index could also be used in the Environmental Impact Assessment studies to address the issue of disasters, effective resources allocation in the Public Sector Infrastructure Programme for 'building back better', and resource identification in land use planning.
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Mustafa, Ibrahim. "The crisis of iron in transfusion medicine : improved iron chelation therapy and its implications for clinical practice in the Maldives." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36590.
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The Maldives has one of the highest incidences of ß thalassemia in the world. Treatment of ß thalassemia is characterized by two distinct phases: treatment of nature’s disease (anemia) and the secondary treatment of transfusional iron overload, a side effect of our cure. Interestingly, excess iron may also exert a negative effect on immune competence thus explaining the recurrent bacterial infections in these patients. Current iron chelation therapy using Desferal® (DFO) is challenging due to its short vascular half-life, frequency of injections, toxicity and expense. To address this problem, we have tested novel, low toxicity, high molecular weight (HMW) iron chelators. The utility of these chelators was tested in vitro using iron loaded (0-500 μM ferric (Fe³⁺) ammonium citrate, FAC; 0- 48 hours) HepG2 and dendritic cells (DC). Iron chelation studies utilized either single or combinational treatment with deferiprone (L1) or DFO (both low molecular weight chelators) and S-DFO (a HMW derivative of DFO) for 0-48 hrs. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by cellular ferritin, Perl's iron stain, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), antigen presentation assays and cell viability assays. Iron treatment alone resulted in a significant increase in intracellular ferritin, histochemical iron staining and also resulted in a ~65.2% reduction in PBMC proliferation in response to the tetanus toxoid following 14 days of incubation. Treatment with either L1 or S-DFO alone demonstrated modestly decreased ferritin levels and iron staining. Importantly, combination therapy (L1+S-DFO) resulted in an additive effect resulting in a 79% decrease in FAC-driven ferritin levels after 48 hours and TEM studies of FAC treated, but not control, cells. FAC treated cells also demonstrated organellular and structural changes with electron dense iron deposits. As hypothesized, iron chelators (e.g., 200 μM DFO or L1) restored the PBMC proliferation in a concentration dependent manner and reversed the ultra structural changes in organelles. The development of HMW chelators may provide better therapeutic value (reduced toxicity and less frequent administration) in developing nations. Consequent to this, iron mediated pathology in patients would be diminished, resulting in less cost to already strained public health budgets such as in the Maldives.