Journal articles: 'The matrix – film'

1

Botz-Bornstein, Thorsten. "Style and Substance in The Matrix : Stacy Gillis. Ed. (2005) The Matrix Triology : Cyberpunk Reloaded." Film-Philosophy 12, no. 1 (February 2008): 107–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2008.0010.

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2

McGinn, Colin. "The Matrix." Think 2, no. 5 (2003): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1477175600002530.

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The science-fiction film The Matrix (the first in a trilogy) generated a great deal of philosophical interest. There are already three collections of philosophical papers either published or in the pipeline devoted to the film (all are aimed at the general public, not academics). Here, Colin McGinn takes a closer look at the film and comes up with some rather surprising conclusions.

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Hong, Wei, Qing Shan Li, Jing Sun, Xin Chun Wang, Guo Wei Wang, and Guang Zhong Xing. "The Nanostructure and Properties of the Nano TiO₂/PVA Composite Film." Applied Mechanics and Materials 320 (May 2013): 611–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.320.611.

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In order to improve the performance of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), the nanometer TiO2/PVA composite film prepared by solution casting, effects of nanotitanium dioxide (TiO2) PVA film. The structures, mechanical properties, and optical properties of the composite films were detected by infrared spectroscopy, TG, DSC, XRD. The results show that: nanoTiO2 fill added to the PVA matrix to improve the mechanical properties of PVA, thermal stability and UV shielding performance.

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Jeon, Hyung Jun, Yoon Chung, Sun Young Kim, Chong Seung Yoon, and Young Ho Kim. "Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Embedded in a Polymeric Matrix; Effect of Curing Temperature." Materials Science Forum 449-452 (March 2004): 1145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.449-452.1145.

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We studied ZnO nanoparticle formation in a polyimide (PI) film. Polyamic acid (PAA) was spin-coated onto Zn thin films and PAA/metal films were cured at various temperatures. Transmission electron microscopy was used to characterize oxide nanoparticles in the polyimide film. Nanosize ZnO particles were formed in the polyimide film regardless of the curing temperature. The size and the density of ZnO particles depended on the curing temperature. Th

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Wu, Nan Chun, Yi Ben Xia, and Lin Jun Wang. "Formation and Optical Properties of Polycyclic Aromatic Cluster in Nanocrystalline Diamond Film." Materials Science Forum 687 (June 2011): 647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.687.647.

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With electron assisted chemical vapour deposition technology, some nanocrystalline diamond films have been deposited, which precipitate polycyclic aromatic clusters in the film matrix. Optical properties of the films have been characterized. The results of characteristics show that Raman and photoluminescence spectrum of the films conform to identity of pyrene except for diamond peaks; photoluminescence emission spectrum of the films show stronger emission peaks at 385nm and 470nm. Our results show that purer polycyclic aromatic clusters of four fused sixfold ring, which are the same as pyrene in structure, can form in the nanocrystalline diamond film matrix by bombarding the films with electrons.

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Collins, David E., and Elliott B. Slamovich. "Effect of Processing Temperature on the Morphology of Hydrothermally Derived Barium Titanate/polymer Thin Films." Journal of Materials Research 15, no. 8 (August 2000): 1834–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2000.0265.

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Thin-film composites of BaTiO3 particles in a polymeric matrix were processed by reacting films of a titanium alkoxide, mixed with a polybutadiene-polystyrene triblock copolymer, in aqueous solutions of 1.0 M Ba(OH)2 at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 °. After reaction, the composite films displayed distinct surface and subsurface morphologies. The film surface consisted of a continuous layer of BaTiO3 grains, the film grain size decreasing from 180 to 60 nm as the reaction temperature increased from 60 to 90 °. The subsurface growth of BaTiO3 depended on the presence of a percolating network of hydrolyzed titanium alkoxide, which enabled the reaction solution to permeate throughout the thin film. The resulting subsurface film morphology was composed of segregated regions of BaTiO3 particles dispersed throughout the polymeric matrix. The growth of subsurface BaTiO3 particles appeared to be constrained by the polymer matrix, resulting in a subsurface particle size of approximately 5 to 10 nm that was independent of the hydrothermal processing temperature. The reacted films displayed a dielectric constant ranging from 10 to 15 at room temperature and a frequency of 10 kHz.

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Teodorescu, V. S., M. L. Ciurea, V. Iancu, and M.-G. Blanchin. "Morphology of Si nanocrystallites embedded in SiO2 matrix." Journal of Materials Research 23, no. 11 (November 2008): 2990–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.2008.0358.

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The nanostructure of Six(SiO2)1–x films deposited on quartz substrate, where x varies from 0 to 1, was determined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy in the sample regions with x ≈ 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, and 0.75. In the Si0.5(SiO2)0.5 region, the formation of a Si nanocrystallite network was established. At high concentrations of Si nanocrystallites, nanotwins and stacking faults occurred in the crystallites. Large Si crystallites appeared at x ⩾ 0.5 in the quartz substrate under the interface, while the film presented nanopores over the interface. The mechanisms for the formation of the nanocrystallites were discussed and correlated with the film properties.

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8

Fleming, D. H. "Patricia Pisters (2003) The Matrix of Visual Culture: Working with Deleuze in Film Theory." Film-Philosophy 13, no. 1 (December 2009): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2009.0012.

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9

Huang, Li Wu, Yeong Jern Chen, Teng Shih Shih, and Lih Ren Hwang. "Development of Oxide Film in Aluminium Melt." Materials Science Forum 519-521 (July 2006): 1311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.519-521.1311.

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Pure aluminum ingot (99.8 wt%) was melted to prepared chilled samples in this study. These samples were then removed to polish their surfaces and put in an ultrasonic cleaner filled with tap water. The polished surface would gradually show foggy marks after being subjected to a period of treating time. Oxide films, if entrapped, would crack, erode and detach from the chilled sample forming foggy marks on the polished surface. The sample then removed to measure oxygen and aluminum concentrations varied along the transition layer between the oxide film and aluminum matrix. Part of chilled samples was melted in a muffle furnace and subjected to different holding time. As the holding time increased, the transition layer between the oxide film and the matrix was increased and composed of different constituents varying from the Al matrix to the oxide film (mainly γ-Al2O3). This transition layer also showed different hardness measured by a nano-hardness tester. The morphologies of cracked oxide film and the eroded oxide particles were affected by the holding time after melted, and small amounts of silicon in the pure aluminum.

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Wang, Ya Jun, Jian Wen Zhai, Fang Fang Wang, and Chang Gen Feng. "Preparation and Dielectric Property of Ag/PVDF Composite Film." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 242–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.242.

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Conductive particle fillers could improve the dielectric properties of the polymer matrix. By solvent casting method, different volume fraction of nanosilver particles were added into the PVDF film to prepare Ag/PVDF composite film so as to increase the dielectric properties of the materials. SEM was used to analyze the microstructure of the films. SEM images show that nanoAg filler particles were uniformly distributed throughout the whole matrix of the composite films. Dielectric property tests show that with the increase of nanoAg content, the dielectric constants of the composites increase first and decrease later while the dielectric losses decrease first and increase later. In the case of the optimal 17vol% Ag content, the dielectric constant of the composite film is the highest (14.5 at 100 Hz) with lower dielectric loss, and the energy storage density is relatively high (0.340 J·cm−3).

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11

Winter, Jay. "Film and the Matrix of Memory." American Historical Review 106, no. 3 (June 2001): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2692328.

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12

Li, Wei, Kewang Zheng, Hujian Chen, Shirong Feng, Wei Wang, and Caiqin Qin. "Influence of Nano Titanium Dioxide and Clove Oil on Chitosan–Starch Film Characteristics." Polymers 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2019): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11091418.

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The combined effects of nano titanium dioxide (TiO2-N) and clove oil (CO) on the physico-chemical, biological and structural properties of chitosan (CH)/starch (ST) films were investigated by using a solvent casting method. Results indicated that the incorporation of TiO2-N could improve the compactness of the film, increase the tensile strength (TS) and antioxidant activity, and decrease the water vapour permeability (WVP). As may be expected, the incorporation of CO into the film matrix decreased TS but increased the hydrophobicity as well as water vapour barrier antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) data supported intermolecular interactions between TiO2-N, CO and the film matrix. Use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) showed that TiO2-N and CO were well dispersed and emulsified in the film network. Thermogravimetric (TG) and derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves demonstrated that TiO2-N and CO were well embedded in the film matrix, hence this blend film system could provide new formulation options for food packaging materials in the future.

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13

Bussey, Alex. "Does Exactly What It Says On The Tin: Christopher Grau, ed. Philosophers Explore the Matrix." Film-Philosophy 10, no. 3 (October 2006): 109–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2006.0036.

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14

Wu, Bohan, Yan Zhang, Dayong Yang, Yanbin Yang, Qiang Yu, Li Che, and Jingang Liu. "Self-Healing Anti-Atomic-Oxygen Phosphorus-Containing Polyimide Film via Molecular Level Incorporation of Nanocage Trisilanolphenyl POSS: Preparation and Characterization." Polymers 11, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 1013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11061013.

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Protection of polymeric materials from the atomic oxygen erosion in low-earth orbit spacecrafts has become one of the most important research topics in aerospace science. In the current research, a series of novel organic/inorganic nanocomposite films with excellent atomic oxygen (AO) resistance are prepared from the phosphorous-containing polyimide (FPI) matrix and trisilanolphenyl polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (TSP–POSS) additive. The PI matrix derived from 2,2’-bis(3,4-dicarboxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane dianhydride (6FDA) and 2,5-bis[(4-amino- phenoxy)phenyl]diphenylphosphine oxide (BADPO) itself possesses the self-healing feature in AO environment. Incorporation of TSP–POSS further enhances the AO resistance of the FPI/TSP composite films via a Si–P synergic effect. Meanwhile, the thermal stability of the pristine film is maintained. The FPI-25 composite film with a 25 wt % loading of TSP–POSS in the FPI matrix exhibits an AO erosion yield of 3.1 × 10−26 cm3/atom after an AO attack of 4.0 × 1020 atoms/cm2, which is only 5.8% and 1.0% that of pristine FPI-0 film (6FDA-BADPO) and PI-ref (PMDA-ODA) film derived from 1,2,4,5-pyromellitic anhydride (PMDA) and 4,4’-oxydianline (ODA), respectively. Inert phosphorous and silicon-containing passivation layers are observed at the surface of films during AO exposure.

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15

Chitrattha, Sasiprapa, and Thawatchai Phaechamud. "Modifying Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Matrix Film Properties with High Loaded Poly(Ethylene Glycol)." Key Engineering Materials 545 (March 2013): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.545.57.

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Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymer which has many potential uses. However, PLA shows the poor toughness, slow degradation rate and relatively hydrophobic.Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a plasticizer and of great interest because it presents outstanding properties, e.g. solubility in water and also in some organic solvents, lack of toxicity and absence of antigenicity and immunogenicity, which are essential for biomedical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of high amount PEG 400 to improve the characteristics of PLA matrix film. PLA matrix films were prepared using a solvent casting method and their various properties were investigated. Mechanical properties were determined with texture analyzer. Contact angle and surface free energy were measured using the goniometer. From the mechanical properties evaluated (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E)), all plasticized PLA films exhibited the softer behavior and the plasticized PLA films with150 % PEG 400 indicated the higher % elongation at break than pure PLA, significantly. The contact angle and surface free energy values indicated that PEG 400 could improve the wettability of solventsand also increase % water sorption and % weight loss with as dose dependent.Surprisingly, SEM photographs revealed more porous structure as the higher amount PEG 400 was incorporated in PLA film. This porous structure and density of developed plasticized PLA film could be modified with temperature change technique. Parameters affecting the 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix were revealed in this study. The optimum condition for producing the continuous 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix was obtained. This porous topography in PLA matrix film will be applied further as material in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.

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Xia, Cunjuan, Jie Huang, Jiongming Tao, Shuyang Wang, Ling Cai, Mingliang Wang, Dong Chen, and Haowei Wang. "The Preparation and Properties of the Brown Film by Micro-arc Oxidized on In-Situ TiB2/7050Al Matrix Composites." Coatings 10, no. 7 (June 29, 2020): 615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070615.

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The brown or grayish-white color films were prepared by the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method on in-situ TiB2/7050Al composites using these alkaline electrolytes with/without KMnO4 as an additive. The microstructure, elemental composition, chemical state and corrosion behavior have been investigated by the microstructure characterizations and electrochemistry measurements on the MAO films comparatively. The results indicated that a brown film was obtained via adding KMnO4 into the alkaline electrolyte. The coloration mechanism of the brown color can be ascribed to the existence of MnO inside the film. Furthermore, the initiation of corrosion to the Al composite was intensively hindered by the brown MAO film. Compared with the Al substrate and grayish-white film, the brown MAO film exhibited the elevated corrosion potential and reduced corrosion current. Therefore, the brown film has presented an optimized corrosion resistance for the composite.

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17

Zhang, Yi He, Y. Li, Hai Tao Huang, Sha Ming Ke, Li Hang Zhao, and Helen Lai Wah Chan. "Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanofoams." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 821–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.821.

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In order to obtain thin film dielectric layers with very low dielectric constants for use in microelectronic devices, polyimide nanofoamed films has been prepared from the polyimide precursors (PMDA-ODA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The synthesization process included blending polyimide as the major phase with a minor phase of the thermally labile PEO blocks. The foamed films were characterized by a variety of experiments including TG and SEM, and the experimental results indicated that the labile PEO would undergo oxidative thermolysis to release small moleculars from the matrix so as to leave voids into the polyimide matrix. The dielectric properties of the films were studied over broad frequency ranges. The dependences of dielectric constant on the PEO content in the films and frequency were discussed. The films with a proper amount of PEO displayed relatively low dielectric constant compared to the pure polyimide film. Thin film foams with high thermal stability and low dielectric constants can be prepared using the approach.

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18

Sterritt, David. "Hitchcock, Hume, and the Matrix of Modern Cinema: John Orr (2005) Hitchcock and Twentieth-Century Cinema." Film-Philosophy 11, no. 3 (October 2007): 238–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/film.2007.0039.

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19

Jiang, Longwei, Yanlong Han, Xiangyi Meng, Yawen Xiao, and Huajiang Zhang. "Cellulose Nanocrystals Reinforced Zein/Catechin/β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex Nanoparticles Nanocomposite Film for Active Food Packaging." Polymers 13, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 2759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13162759.

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In this study, following the green, environmentally friendly and sustainable development strategy, cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were prepared through a solvent-free esterification reaction between microcrystalline cellulose and maleic anhydride, combined with subsequent ultrasonic treatment, and maleic-anhydride-modified CNC-reinforced zein/catechin/β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex nanoparticles nanocomposite films were prepared by a facile solution casting. The amount of CNCs in the film matrix was 0–8 wt%, and their effect on structural, physicochemical and functional properties of the resulting films were investigated. SEM images showed that the addition of CNCs made the microstructure of the film more smooth and uniform. The intermolecular hydrogen bonds between CNCs and film matrix were supported by FT-IR. XRD analysis also confirmed the appearance of a crystalline peak due to the existence of CNCs inside the films. The incorporation of CNCs significantly reduced water vapor permeability, water solubility and the swelling degree of the nanocomposite film, and also significantly increased tensile strength and elongation at break from 12.66 to 37.82 MPa and 4.5% to 5.2% (p < 0.05). Moreover, nanocomposite film packaging with CNCs can effectively inhibit the oxidation of soybean oil.

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Wu, Xiao, Ganglan Jiang, Yan Zhang, Lin Wu, Yanjiang Jia, Yaoyao Tan, Jingang Liu, and Xiumin Zhang. "Enhancement of Flame Retardancy of Colorless and Transparent Semi-Alicyclic Polyimide Film from Hydrogenated-BPDA and 4,4′-oxydianiline via the Incorporation of Phosphazene Oligomer." Polymers 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12010090.

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Enhancement of flame retardancy of a colorless and transparent semi-alicyclic polyimide (PI) film was carried out by the incorporation of phosphazene (PPZ) flame retardant (FR). For this purpose, PI-1 matrix was first synthesized from hydrogenated 3,3′,4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic dianhydride (HBPDA) and 4,4′-oxydianiline (ODA). The soluble PI-1 resin was dissolved in N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) to afford the PI-1 solution, which was then physically blended with PPZ FR with the loading amounts in the range of 0–25 wt.%. The PPZ FR exhibited good miscibility with the PI-1 matrix when its proportion was lower than 10 wt.% in the composite films. PI-3 composite film with the PPZ loading of 10 wt.% showed an optical transmittance of 75% at the wavelength of 450 nm with a thickness of 50 μm. More importantly, PI-3 exhibited a flame retardancy class of UL 94 VTM-0 and reduced total heat release (THR), heat release rate (HRR), smoke production rate (SPR), and rate of smoke release (RSR) values during combustion compared with the original PI-1 film. In addition, PI-3 film had a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 30.9%, which is much higher than that of PI-1 matrix (LOI: 20.1%). Finally, incorporation of PPZ FR decreased the thermal stability of the PI films. The 10% weight loss temperature (T10%) and the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the PI-3 film were 411.6 °C and 227.4 °C, respectively, which were lower than those of the PI-1 matrix (T10%: 487.3 °C; Tg: 260.6 °C)

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Hafizulhaq, Fadli, Hairul Abral, Anwar Kasim, Syukri Arief, and Jon Affi. "Moisture Absorption and Opacity of Starch-Based Biocomposites Reinforced with Cellulose Fiber from Bengkoang." Fibers 6, no. 3 (August 29, 2018): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib6030062.

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Cellulose fiber was isolated from bengkoang (Pachyrhizus erosus) tuber peel. A suspension consisting of distilled water, starch, and glycerol was mixed with various cellulose loadings (0, 2, 6, and 10 g) then gelatinized using a hot plate with a magnetic stirrer. The biocomposite gel was sonicated using an ultrasonication probe (47.78 W/cm2 for 4 min). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs for the fracture surface of resulting biocomposite films displayed a rougher surface than starch film, indicating fiber dispersion in the matrix. The opacity and moisture resistance of biocomposite films increased with the addition of cellulose. The opacity was at a maximum value (243.05 AUnm) with 10 g fiber, which was 11.27% higher than the starch film without cellulose. Moisture absorption of this biocomposite was 16.79% lower than the starch film. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) confirmed this more hydrophobic nature with lower transmittance at –OH stretching in the composite than the starch film. The addition of cellulose fiber into the matrix also increased the crystallinity index.

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22

Yan, Kai, and Xiao Xu Liu. "The Effects of Coupling Agents on the Electrical Properties of Polyimide/TiO₂ Hybrid Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 371–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.371.

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Polyamides (PI)-matrix composite films with inorganic nanoTiO2 have been fabricated by employing in situ polymerization. Before addition, TiO2 particles were firstly modified with coupling agents (KH550). The electric breakdown strength and micromorphology of hybrid films were characterized and investigated. Results indicated that nanoTiO2 particles were homogeneously dispersed in the PI matrix for the addition of coupling agents and the electric breakdown strength of PI/TiO2 composite films with KH550 were better than unmodified PI composite film. The breakdown field strength and tensile modulus of PI composite film with the inorganic content of 5 wt% were 200.1 (KV/mm). So the using coupling agent can effectively improve the compatibility and the homogenous dispersion of nanoTiO2 particles in PI matrix. Meanwhile, the procedure described here offers an effective and simple method to produce PI/TiO2 with excellent electrical needed for future application in electrical engineering field.

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Oyekanmi, A. A., U. Seeta Uthaya Kumar, Abdul Khalil H. P. S., N. G. Olaiya, A. A. Amirul, A. A. Rahman, Arif Nuryawan, C. K. Abdullah, and Samsul Rizal. "Functional Properties of Antimicrobial Neem Leaves Extract Based Macroalgae Biofilms for Potential Use as Active Dry Packaging Applications." Polymers 13, no. 10 (May 20, 2021): 1664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13101664.

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Antimicrobial irradiated seaweed–neem biocomposite films were synthesized in this study. The storage functional properties of the films were investigated. Characterization of the prepared films was conducted using SEM, FT-IR, contact angle, and antimicrobial test. The macroscopic and microscopic including the analysis of the functional group and the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry test revealed the main active constituents present in the neem extract, which was used an essential component of the fabricated films. Neem leaves’ extracts with 5% w/w concentration were incorporated into the matrix of seaweed biopolymer and the seaweed–neem bio-composite film were irradiated with different dosages of gamma radiation (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 kGy). The tensile, thermal, and the antimicrobial properties of the films were studied. The results revealed that the irradiated films exhibited improved functional properties compared to the control film at 1.5 kGy radiation dosage. The tensile strength, tensile modulus, and toughness exhibited by the films increased, while the elongation of the irradiated bio-composite film decreased compared to the control film. The morphology of the irradiated films demonstrated a smoother surface compared to the control and provided surface intermolecular interaction of the neem–seaweed matrix. The film indicated an optimum storage stability under ambient conditions and demonstrated no significant changes in the visual appearance. However, an increase in the moisture content was exhibited by the film, and the hydrophobic properties was retained until nine months of the storage period. The study of the films antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus (SA), and Bacillus subtilis (BS) indicated improved resistance to bacterial activities after the incorporation of neem leaves extract and gamma irradiation. The fabricated irradiated seaweed–neem bio-composite film could be used as an excellent sustainable packaging material due to its effective storage stability.

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Wang, Qian, Xingjuan Zhao, Xiao-Kai Zhang, Yong-Ill Lee, and Hong-Guo Liu. "Fabrication of porous thin films of block copolymer at the liquid/liquid interface and construction of composite films doped with noble metal nanoparticles." RSC Advances 5, no. 85 (2015): 69339–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra12001b.

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Zheng, You Yi, Chun Lin Zhang, and Xing Xin Xu. "Preparation and Film-Substrate Stress Analysis of CVD Diamond Film Coating Tools." Advanced Materials Research 619 (December 2012): 589–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.619.589.

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The diamond thin films was deposited by hot filament CVD method in the Cemented Carbide (YG6) substrate. The surface morphology and quality of the diamond film coating was detected by scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectrometer. The internal stress of the diamond thin films and Cemented Carbide substrate, exerted by load, was calculated by the method of finite element numerical analysis. The analysis result shows that the internal stress of the film is tensile stress. The maximum appear in the blade and the tip place, the stress distribution more evenly in the middle area of the film. The stress is a zonal distribution and reduced gradually from the matrix surface to bottom in the Cemented Carbide, the results of the finite element analysis can provide the reference for the other methods to determin the diamond film stress and improve the stress between the membrane and substrate.

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Roy, Swarup, and Jong-Whan Rhim. "Curcumin Incorporated Poly(Butylene Adipate-co-Terephthalate) Film with Improved Water Vapor Barrier and Antioxidant Properties." Materials 13, no. 19 (September 30, 2020): 4369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13194369.

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Curcumin incorporated poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) based film was fabricated. Curcumin has uniformly distributed in the PBAT matrix to form a bright yellow PBAT/curcumin film. The PBAT/curcumin film has slightly reduced tensile strength and flexibility than the neat PBAT film, while the thermal stability of the film has not changed significantly. The blending of curcumin significantly decreased the water vapor permeability of the PBAT film. Additionally, the PBAT/curcumin film showed potent antioxidant activity with some antimicrobial activity. The PBAT/curcumin films with improved water vapor barrier and additional functions can be used for active packaging applications.

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Deng, Zhen Yan, Li Li Zhu, Wei Zhuo Gai, and José Maria F. Ferreira. "Effect of Matrix on Phase Formation of Nanometer TiO₂ Film." Materials Science Forum 658 (July 2010): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.658.61.

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TiO2 films were prepared by infiltrating a titanium (IV) butoxide solution to the porous structures of glass and rutile TiO2, respectively, then dried and calcined at a moderate temperature of 550°C. Well-characterized porous nanometer TiO2 films were formed. Nanometer TiO2 film on glass matrix has an anatase phase, while that on rutile TiO2 has a rutile phase. These indicate that the phase formation of nanometer TiO2 could be tailored by the different matrices.

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Jiang, Donghua, Dan Wang, Gang Liu, and Qiang Wei. "Atomic Oxygen Adaptability of Flexible Kapton/Al2O3 Composite Thin Films Prepared by Ion Exchange Method." Coatings 9, no. 10 (September 28, 2019): 624. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings9100624.

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Polyimide film (Kapton) is an important polymer material used for the construction of spacecrafts. The performance of Kapton can be degraded for atomic oxygen erosion in space. Commonly used atomic oxygen protective layers have issues such as poor toughness and poor adhesion with the film. In this paper, Kapton/Al2O3 nanocomposite films were prepared via an ion exchange method, and the optical properties, mechanical properties, and mechanisms for the change in the mass and microstructure, before and after atomic oxygen exposure, were analyzed. The results show that the deposition of the Kapton/Al2O3 surface nanocomposite film prepared via the ion exchange method has no obvious effects on the internal structure and optical transmittance of the Kapton film matrix. The tensile strength and elongation of the prepared film were much higher than those of the pure Kapton film, demonstrating its good flexibility. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed that the etching pits had a carpet-like morphology on the composite film surface and were relatively small after atomic oxygen erosion. In contrast with the C–C bond rupture in the oxydianiline (ODA) benzene in Kapton films, the Kapton/Al2O3 nanocomposite film mainly destroyed the C=C bond in the pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) benzene ring. On exposure to an atomic oxygen environment for a short period, the Kapton/Al2O3 nanocomposite film exhibited improved atomic oxygen erosion resistance because the Al2O3 layer inhibited atomic oxygen diffusion. With increasing atomic oxygen exposure time, the atomic oxygen diffused into the Kapton matrix via the pores of the Al2O3 layer, causing damage to the substrate. This resulted in a detachment of the surface Al2O3 layer and exposure of the Kapton matrix, and thereby the atomic oxygen resistance was decreased. The applicability of the ion exchange mechanism of trivalent Al element on the surface modification of the polyimide is explored in this study. The behavior of the Kapton/Al2O3 composite film under the atomic oxygen environment of space is investigated, which provides the basis for studying the effects of atomic oxygen on the flexible protective Kapton film.

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Teodorescu, Valentin Serban, Cornel Ghica, Adrian Valentin Maraloiu, Mihai Vlaicu, Andrei Kuncser, Magdalena Lidia Ciurea, Ionel Stavarache, et al. "Nanostructuring of GeTiO amorphous films by pulsed laser irradiation." Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology 6 (April 7, 2015): 893–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjnano.6.92.

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Laser pulse processing of surfaces and thin films is a useful tool for amorphous thin films crystallization, surface nanostructuring, phase transformation and modification of physical properties of thin films. Here we show the effects of nanostructuring produced at the surface and under the surface of amorphous GeTiO films through laser pulses using fluences of 10–30 mJ/cm2. The GeTiO films were obtained by RF magnetron sputtering with 50:50 initial atomic ratio of Ge:TiO2. Laser irradiation was performed by using the fourth harmonic (266 nm) of a Nd:YAG laser. The laser-induced nanostructuring results in two effects, the first one is the appearance of a wave-like topography at the film surface, with a periodicity of 200 nm and the second one is the structure modification of a layer under the film surface, at a depth that is related to the absorption length of the laser radiation. The periodicity of the wave-like relief is smaller than the laser wavelength. In the modified layer, the Ge atoms are segregated in spherical amorphous nanoparticles as a result of the fast diffusion of Ge atoms in the amorphous GeTiO matrix. The temperature estimation of the film surface during the laser pulses shows a maximum of about 500 °C, which is much lower than the melting temperature of the GeTiO matrix. GeO gas is formed at laser fluences higher than 20 mJ/cm2 and produces nanovoids in the laser-modified layer at the film surface. A glass transition at low temperatures could happen in the amorphous GeTiO film, which explains the formation of the wave-like topography. The very high Ge diffusivity during the laser pulse action, which is characteristic for liquids, cannot be reached in a viscous matrix. Our experiments show that the diffusivity of atomic and molecular species such as Ge and GeO is very much enhanced in the presence of the laser pulse field. Consequently, the fast diffusion drives the formation of amorphous Ge nanoparticles through the segregation of Ge atoms in the GeTiO matrix. The nanostructuring effects induced by the laser irradiation can be used in functionalizing the surface of the films.

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30

Sha, Lin, Qi Fei Du, and Li Ping Tu. "Research on the Magnetron Sputtering Performance of Active Matrix Liquid Crystal Display Electronic Materials Based on Amorphous Oxide Thin Film Transistors." Key Engineering Materials 871 (January 2021): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.871.271.

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With the widespread use of film transistors, amorphous oxide thin films have excellent transparency and conductivity, stable performance, smooth and smooth surface, easy to etch and large-area preparation, are compatible with existing processes, and do not require subsequent annealing to simplify the process. Process and other advantages have been applied to many fields such as thin film transistors. The principle of the amorphous oxide is basically the same as that of the crystalline state, Magnetron sputtering technology can prepare super-hard films, corrosion-resistant friction films, superconducting films, magnetic films, optical films, and various films with special functions. It is widely used in the field of industrial film preparation. This article focuses on the principle and characteristics of magnetron sputtering technology for electronic materials, the development history of magnetron sputtering technology and its development trend.

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31

Cofré, Daniela Celis, Manuel Ignacio Azócar, Javier Enrione, Maritza Páez, and Silvia Matiacevich. "Influence of Glassy or Rubbery State on the Antimicrobial Activity of Chitosan-gelatin Films." Journal of Food Research 1, no. 4 (October 30, 2012): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jfr.v1n4p184.

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The aim was to study if the antimicrobial activity of chitosan incorporated into edible films based on gelatin could be affected by the molecular mobility (glassy or rubbery state) of the matrix. Films were obtained from film-forming suspensions (FFS) of bovine and salmon gelatins (7% w/w) and chitosan (0; 0.25; 0.5; 1% w/w) equilibrated at 33% y 85% of relative humidities. Antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella thyphimurium were determined. The results showed that both FFS and films had antimicrobial effects related to chitosan concentration. This besides depended on their glass and rubber film state, being in the initially glassy state for salmon 66% higher than bovine in comparison to the rubbery state (8%). This was mainly due to the highest moisture uptake (1.82±0.02% water absorbed/min) for glassy state. Therefore, the molecular mobility of the matrix film affected the antimicrobial activity of chitosan in chitosan-gelatin films.

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32

Xu, Y., Nan Huang, and Hong Sun. "Bloodcompatibility Improvement of Titanium Oxide Film Modified by Hydrogen Plasma Reduction." Key Engineering Materials 330-332 (February 2007): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.330-332.557.

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In this work, nonstoicheometric titanium oxide film on silicon matrix was prepared by unbalanced reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering /hydrogen plasma reduction method. The film chemical composition was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The XRD patterns of the prepared films showed that titanium oxide films possess the single phase rutile structure . the XPS spectra of the film displayed that the valence state of Ti is Ti4+, Ti3+ and Ti2+ respectively and the films were nonstoichiomeric Ti-O film. The evidence showed that isolated oxygen exist in films. Ti/O ratio of Ti-O film from the XPS data vary with depth under different reduction temperature and time. And it corresponded with platelet adhesion tests of Ti-O film in vitro. Antithrombotic property of reduced titanium oxide thin films was examined by platelet adhesion tests. The results showed that the Ti-O films with lower non-stoicheometrical extent posses the better anticoagulation property than stoichiomeric TiO2 film and the Ti-O films with higher non-stoicheometrical extent. Hence hydrogen introducing is an effective way to improve the bloodcompatibility of titanium oxide film.

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33

Singh, Jitendra, Arvind K. Singh, Sanjeev K. Gupta, and J. Akhtar. "Structure and Magnetic Properties Investigation of CoZr and CoZrN Thin Films." Applied Mechanics and Materials 464 (November 2013): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.464.83.

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nanocomposite [(Co91.5Zr8.5)- or CZN films has been prepared by reactive co-sputter deposition method. Nitrogen content plays key role to tune soft magnetic properties. Experimental observation shows that, non-magnetic nitrogen content enhances magnetization and reduces coercivity. The nanostructure is composed of Co nanoclusters embedded in CoN/ZrN matrix, revealed by high resolution transmission electron microscope study. The d-spacing of single Co nanocluster was found to be ~0.22nm corresponding to (002) phase of Cobalt. X-ray diffraction result is in agreement with cubic (400) and (622) phase of CoZr. High electrical resistivity ρs~108μΩ-cm attained corresponding to 16% N2content films. Hysteresis loop squareness depends on film thickness and coercivity squareness (S*)~0.84, obtained for ~250nm film thickness. A correlated composite nanostructure evolution is responsible for nitrogen induced magnetization and, suggests that film properties can tuned by controlling nitrogen content, in CoN/ZrN composite matrix.

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34

Nesheva, D., and Z. Levi. "Nanocrystals of CdSe in thin film matrix." Semiconductor Science and Technology 12, no. 10 (October 1, 1997): 1319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0268-1242/12/10/021.

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35

Zhang, Bu-xin, Zhi-lin Zhang, Wen-qing Zhu, Xue-yin Jiang, and Shao-hong Xu. "Organic thin film electroluminescent passive matrix display." Journal of Shanghai University (English Edition) 5, no. 2 (June 2001): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11741-001-0013-9.

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36

Nik Yusuf, Nik Alnur Auli, Ernie Surianiy Rosly, Mazlan Mohamed, Bashree Abu Bakar, Mahani Yusoff, Muhammd Azwadi Sulaiman, and Muhammad Iqbal Ahmad. "Waste Banana Peel and its Potentialization in Agricultural Applications: Morphology Overview." Materials Science Forum 840 (January 2016): 394–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.840.394.

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The reserach is focused on the resistance of bio-polymer thin film to bio-degradation in compost soil from renewable resources based on waste banana peel and waste egg shell in polymer matrix. The combination of waste banana peel and waste egg shell in producing of bio-mulching film is a new inovation in agricultural industry . Bio-mulching film is a biodegradable plastics films that can help in increasing the moisture content of soil and improving the soil ingredients in order to make the plants grow well. The thin film is produced by using the waste banana banana peelas the reinforcement fiber, eggshell as filler and epoxy resin as matrix. The thickness of thin film was in between 0.10 mm to 0.15 mm. The epoxy/waste banana banana peelwith eggshell (EWE) 10%, were affected by bio-degradation in soi burial test where the occurances of surface damages, which in turn enhances the degradation of physical properties.

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37

Lahariya, Vikas. "Study of Electroluminescence in Cadmium Sulfide Polymer Nanocomposite Films." Journal of Nano Research 49 (September 2017): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jnanor.49.181.

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Nanocrystalline cadmium sulfide/Polyvinyl alcohol composite films were prepared by chemical route using Cadmium acetate and hydrogen sulfide gas as cadmium and sulfur source respectively. Poly vinyl Alcohal (PVA) used as polymer matrix. The initially loading of cadmium precursor influences the size as well as photoluminescence and electroluminescence properties of the Composite film. The films were characterized by X Ray Diffraction (XRD), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and UV-Visible Absorption spectra. The X-ray Diffraction result showed that CdS nanocrystals embedded in polymer matrix were in a zinc blend cubic structure. The UV-Visible absorption spectra of composite film reveal the blue shift in the band gap energy with respect to CdS bulk (2.42eV) material owing to quantum confinement effect. The Photoluminescence emission spectra show the green light emission at 510 nm arising from the defects states due to excess of cadmium or sulfur anion vacancies. Electroluminescence study indicates enhanced emission with low turn on voltage for higher loading of cadmium in polymer matrix due to increased oscillator strength. When higher electric field is applied, light emission start due to acceleration collision mechanism by charge carries inside the composite film.

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38

Solnyshkin, A. V., I. L. Kislova, I. M. Morsakov, A. A. Golishnikov, A. N. Belov, V. I. Shevyakov, and D. A. Kiselev. "Dielectric properties of composite materials based on P(VDF-TrFE) copolymer and deuterated triglicyne sulfate crystal." Functional Materials Letters 12, no. 04 (August 2019): 1950048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793604719500486.

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The film structures on the base of soft and crystalline ferroelectrics (poly(vinylidene fluoride - trifluoroethylene) copolymer and deuterated triglycine sulfate) were produced. The volume content of the DTGS microcrystal particles embedded in the polymer matrix of the composite films was up to 10%. It was found crystalline phase changes in the polymer matrix at the DTGS inclusions presence. The DTGS crystal particles increased dielectric permittivity and electrical conductivity of the composite films. The temperature dependences of the dielectric permittivity indicated increasing the phase transition temperature of polymer matrix at the DTGS inclusions growth.

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39

Li, Chang Hong. "Plating Copper on Al₂O₃ Powder in Ceramal." Key Engineering Materials 336-338 (April 2007): 1445–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.336-338.1445.

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Copper film was plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder in Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix. The influence of copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder to friction coefficient and amount of wear has been studied in this paper. Variance analysis shows that copper film on Al2O3 ceramic powder does not have significance influence to friction coefficient, but has significance influence to amount of wear of Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix. Amount of wear of Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix decreases with the increase of copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder initially. When the copper film plated is beyond 47%, The amount of wear reaches a stable volume, and almost does not reduce again with the increase of the copper film plated on Al2O3 ceramic powder. To Al2O3 ceramic with copper matrix in this paper, the optimum copper film plated is 47%.

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40

Li, L., and D. D. L. Chung. "Z-Axis Anisotropic Electrically Conducting Polymer-Matrix Composite Film." Journal of Electronic Packaging 119, no. 4 (December 1, 1997): 255–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2792246.

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A z-axis anisotropic electrically conducting polymer-matrix composite film was developed. It comprised 25 volume percent copper coated polyether sulfone particles and a polyimidesiloxane matrix. Each particle protruded from both sides of the film and provided a conducting path along the z-axis. A z-axis pressure of 40 kPa resulted in a z-axis electrical resistivity of 2 Ω · cm for the overall film (i.e., 0.5 Ω · cm for a conducting path); subsequent pressure removal caused the resistivity to rise to 7 Ω · cm only. The film exhibited negligible stress relaxation and a low modulus of 1.67 GPa.

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41

Bergo, P., R. A. Carvalho, A. C. S. Vadala, V. C. I. Guevara, and P. J. A. Sobral. "Physical Properties of Gelatin Films Plasticized with Glycerol, Studied by Spectroscopic Methods." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 753–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.753.

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The effect of glycerol content on the physical properties of gelatin-based edible films was studied in this work, on the basis of the interactions between the plasticizer and polymeric matrix. In this work, some non-usual techniques were used to characterize edible films. For dielectric measurements and infrared spectroscopy, these films were conditioned in silica gel in order to minimize the water effect. For other analysis, the films were conditioned in NaBr. Infrared spectroscopy showed no apparent changes in the position peaks, suggesting an absence of new interactions between the plasticizer and film matrix. It seems that the plasticizers only occupy some specific regions between the polymeric matrix, increasing their distance, and thus, affecting their mobility, which results in more flexible films. Dielectric constant of the films increased with plasticizer content, and decreased over silica gel conditioning. The polarizability was found to arise mainly from water molecules present in the film. Microwave response was found to be also sensitive to water content in the films, due to plasticizer hydrophilic nature. According to the diffractograms, gelatin films presented essentially an amorphous nature, independently of the glycerol content. The results suggest, therefore, that the glycerol induces no chemical modifications in the films.

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42

Choi, Ju-Young, Kyeong-Nam Nam, Seung-Won Jin, Dong-Min Kim, In-Ho Song, Hyeong-Joo Park, Sungjin Park, and Chan-Moon Chung. "Preparation and Properties of Poly(imide-siloxane) Copolymer Composite Films with Micro-Al2O3 Particles." Applied Sciences 9, no. 3 (February 6, 2019): 548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9030548.

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In the current study, poly(imide-siloxane) copolymers (PIs) with different siloxane contents were synthesized and used as a matrix material for PI/Al2O3 composites. The PIs were characterized via their molecular weight, film quality, and thermal stability. Among the PI films, free-standing and flexible PI films were selected and used to prepare PI/Al2O3 composite films, with different Al2O3 loadings. The thermal conductivity, thermal stability, mechanical property, film flexibility, and morphology of the PI/Al2O3 composite films were investigated for their application as heat-dissipating material.

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43

Mathew, S., Manu Vaishak, Boni Samuel, T. M. Libish, P. Radhakrishnan, V. P. N. Nampoori, and C. P. G. Vallabhan. "Enhancement of nonlinear optical property in ZnS PVA films due to self-assembly." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 24, no. 02 (June 2015): 1550020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863515500204.

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Nanostructured zinc sulfide ( ZnS ) thin films were synthesized in polyvinyl alcohol matrix by chemical bath deposition and self-assembly techniques. ZnS nanostructured thin films show second harmonic generation (SHG) under irradiation with a pico-second Nd :YAG laser system and the second harmonic intensity is higher for self-assembled nanotree like structured ZnS thin film in comparison with that from chemical bath deposited thin film. Under nanosecond laser pulses, thin films possess good saturable absorption behavior. The optical bandgap and visible luminescence also get enhanced.

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44

Wu, Shufang, Xunjun Chen, Tiehu Li, Yingde Cui, Minghao Yi, Jianfang Ge, Guoqiang Yin, Xinming Li, and Ming He. "Improving the Performance of Feather Keratin/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Tris(hydroxymethyl)Aminomethane Nanocomposite Films by Incorporating Graphene Oxide or Graphene." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 14, 2020): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020327.

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In this study, feather keratin/polyvinyl alcohol/tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (FK/PVA/Tris) bionanocomposite films containing graphene oxide (GO) (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) or graphene (0.5, 1, 2, and 3 wt%) were prepared using a solvent casting method. The scanning electron microscopy results indicated that the dispersion of GO throughout the film matrix was better than that of graphene. The successful formation of new hydrogen bonds between the film matrix and GO was confirmed through the use of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The tensile strength, elastic modulus, and initial degradation temperature of the films increased, whereas the total soluble mass, water vapor permeability, oxygen permeability, and light transmittance decreased following GO or graphene incorporation. In summary, nanoblending is an effective method to promote the application of FK/PVA/Tris-based blend films in the packaging field.

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45

Li, Lingfei, Qiu Sun, Xiangqun Chen, Zhaohua Jiang, and Yongjun Xu. "Significantly Improved Dielectric Performance of Poly(1-butene)-Based Composite Films via Filling Polydopamine Modified Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-Coated Multiwalled Carbon Nanotubes Nanoparticles." Polymers 13, no. 2 (January 17, 2021): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13020285.

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The low dielectric constant of the nonpolar polymer poly(1-butene) (PB-1) limits its application as a diaphragm element in energy storage capacitors. In this work, Ba(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3-coated multiwalled carbon nanotubes (BZT@MWCNTs) were first prepared by using the sol–gel hydrothermal method and then modified with polydopamine (PDA) via noncovalent polymerization. Finally, PB-1 matrix composite films filled with PDA-modified BZT@MWCNTs nanoparticles were fabricated through a solution-casting method. Results indicated that the PDA-modified BZT@MWCNTs had good dispersion and binding force in the PB-1 matrix. These characteristics improved the dielectric and energy storage performances of the films. Specifically, the PDA-modified 10 vol% BZT@ 0.5 vol% MWCNTs/PB-1 composite film exhibited the best dielectric performance. At 1 kHz, the dielectric constant of this film was 25.43, which was 12.7 times that of pure PB-1 films. Moreover, its dielectric loss was 0.0077. Furthermore, under the weak electric field of 210 MV·m−1, the highest energy density of the PDA-modified 10 vol% BZT@ 0.5 vol% MWCNTs/PB-1 composite film was 4.57 J·cm−3, which was over 3.5 times that of PB-1 film (≈1.3 J·cm−3 at 388 MV·m−1).

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46

Kashiri, Mahboobeh, Yahya Maghsoudlo, and Morteza khomeiri. "Incorporating Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and sodium bentonite nano-clay open a new perspective to use zein films as bioactive packaging materials." Food Science and Technology International 23, no. 7 (May 26, 2017): 582–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1082013217708526.

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Active zein films with different levels of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil were produced successfully. To enhance properties of this biopolymer for food packaging applications, sodium bentonite clay was used at two levels (2 and 4%). The results indicated that the addition of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil caused a reduction in tensile strength and Young’s modulus and slight increase in the percent of elongation at break of the films. Maximum solubility in water and water vapor permeability was observed by incorporation of 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in the zein matrix. Transmission electron microscopy micrographs of zein film were verified by the exfoliation of the layers of sodium bentonite clay in the zein matrix. Stronger films with lower water vapor permeability and water solubility were evident of good distribution of sodium bentonite clay in the zein matrix. According to the results, 2% sodium bentonite clay was selected for evaluation of nano active film properties. Water vapor permeability, UV light barrier, tensile strength, and Young’s modulus values of active films were improved by incorporation of 2% sodium bentonite clay. The antibacterial activity of different contents of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in vapor phase demonstrated that use of Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil in the liquid phase was more effective than in vapor phase. The antibacterial zein-based films showed that active zein film with 5 and 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil had reductions of 1.68 log and 2.99 log, respectively, against Listeria monocytogenes and 1.39 and 3.07 log against Escherichia coli. Nano active zein film containing 10% Z. multiflora Boiss. essential oil and 2% sodium bentonite clay showed better antibacterial properties against L. monocytogenes (3.23 log) and E. coli (3.17 log).

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47

Yang, Seong Baek, Sung Min Park, Dong Jun Kwon, Jae-Cheon Shin, Yeasmin Sabina, and Jeong Hyun Yeum. "Novel Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Clay Nanocomposite Film Prepared by the Heterogeneous Saponification of Poly(vinyl acetate)/Clay Nanocomposite Film." Science of Advanced Materials 12, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sam.2020.3643.

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A novel PVA/clay (MMT) film is prepared for the first time based on the saponification of the PVAc/MMT film in the presence of heterogeneous conditions. With the help of optical microscopy, the characteristics and surface morphology of the saponified PVA/MMT film is confirmed. It is found to contain black MMT nanoparticles in PVAc films as the content of MMT increased. According to atomic force microscopy results, PVAc/MMT films shows unexpected surface roughness owing to the slow progress of the saponification reaction in the presence of MMT contents in the PVAc matrix. The thermal stability of the PVA/MMT film is measured using thermal gravimetric analyses. The results indicate that thermal stability increases significantly when the MMT concentration increases. The entire structure of the PVA/MMT nanocomposite has been elucidated using XRD. To prove the differences between the PVAc/MMT and the PVA/MMT films, XRD measurements and Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy analyses are utilized.

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48

Bergo, P., P. J. A. Sobral, V. C. I. Guevara, and A. C. S. Vadala. "Semi Crystalline Behaviour of Cassava Starch Films Plasticized with Glycerol." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 745–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.745.

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In this work, the method of Fourier transform infrared was used to study the recrystallization phenomenon in cassava starch films containing different plasticizers content and type. The films were obtained by conventional casting method and then, conditioned for several periods in desiccators containing saturated water-NaBr solution and also, in desiccators containing silica gel. From the results, the main changes occurred in the fingerprint region, and were attributed to new interactions arising between the polymeric chains and the plasticizer. The changes in the peak amplitude located near 1015 cm-1 were associated to the formation of semi crystalline junctions in the film matrix, as affected by the plasticizer and moisture content in the films. The slight changes in peak positions were attributed to the modifications in the intermolecular forces in the film matrix. The semi crystallinity nature of films was checked by X-ray diffraction. At macroscopic scale, the flexibility of the films increased, which could favor the reorientation of the macromolecules.

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49

Freitas, Pedro A. V., Rafael R. A. Silva, Taíla V. de Oliveira, Raquel R. A. Soares, and Nilda F. F. Soares. "Biodegradable film development by nisin Z addition into hydroxypropylmethylcellulose matrix for mozzarella cheese preservation." International Journal of Food Studies 9, no. 2 (October 18, 2020): 360–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.7455/ijfs/9.2.2020.a8.

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Currently, improvement of food preservation has been a substantial challenge for industries to increase shelf-life of products and to maintain food quality during storage. These goals are often tied to the sustainable tendency for use of eco-friendly packaging to store these products without loss of the packaging features. Therefore, the aim of this study was to produce biodegradable antimicrobial films by the incorporation of nisin Z peptide under different concentrations (0 %, 5 %, 10 %, 15 % and 20 % wt.) into hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) matrices. The active film properties were evaluated in terms of their antimicrobial capacity in vitro, mechanical performance and microscopic characteristics. Hence, active films containing 10 % (wt.) of nisin Z and control films were placed in contact with sliced mozzarella cheese for eight days, and microbiological growth was monitored during storage. Nisin Z’s antimicrobial effects were observed against the Gram-positive microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua, regardless if the compound was free as a suspension or incorporated into HPMC matrices. However, the expected low action of nisin Z against Gram-negative bacteria, as reported in literature, was not observed since Salmonella enterica Choleraesuis’s growth was inhibited. Moreover, active films with added nisin Z (10 % wt.) were more effective than the control film to inhibit mesophilic microorganisms in mozzarella cheese during 8 days of storage. The mechanical properties of the films were not influenced by nisin Z incorporation, since the addition of the compound enhanced the active function without the loss of mechanical properties required for a good food packaging. These results suggest that biodegradable films produced by nisin Z addition into HPMC matrix are an excellent biomaterial for mozzarella cheese preservation.

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50

Wang, Shuo, Baodong Liu, Yingying Qin, and Hongge Guo. "Effects of Processing Conditions and Plasticizing-Reinforcing Modification on the Crystallization and Physical Properties of PLA Films." Membranes 11, no. 8 (August 20, 2021): 640. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/membranes11080640.

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The polylactic acid (PLA) resin Ingeo 4032D was selected as the research object. Epoxy soybean oil (ESO) and zeolite (3A molecular sieve) were used as plasticizer and reinforcing filler, respectively, for PLA blend modification. The mixture was granulated in an extruder and then blown to obtain films under different conditions to determine the optimum processing temperatures and screw rotation. Then, the thermal behaviour, crystallinity, optical transparency, micro phase structure and physical properties of the film were investigated. The results showed that with increasing zeolite content, the crystallization behaviour of PLA changed, and the haze of the film increased from 5% to 40% compared to the pure PLA film. Zeolite and ESO dispersed in the PLA matrix played a role in toughening and strengthening. The PLA/8 wt% zeolite/3 wt% ESO film had the highest longitudinal tensile strength at 77 MPa. The PLA/2 wt% zeolite/3 wt% ESO film had the highest longitudinal elongation at 13%. The physical properties depended heavily on the dispersion of zeolite and ESO in the matrix.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The matrix – film'

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Journal articles on the topic 'The matrix – film'

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Journal articles on the topic 'The matrix – film'