Journal articles: 'The measured object'

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Crane, Leah. "Gravity of really tiny object measured." New Scientist 249, no. 3326 (March 2021): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(21)00463-2.

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Chen, Liang-Chia, and Thanh-Hung Nguyen. "A Novel Surface Descriptor for Automated 3-D Object Recognition and Localization." Sensors 19, no. 4 (February 13, 2019): 764. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19040764.

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This paper presents a novel approach to the automated recognition and localization of 3-D objects. The proposed approach uses 3-D object segmentation to segment randomly stacked objects in an unstructured point cloud. Each segmented object is then represented by a regional area-based descriptor, which measures the distribution of surface area in the oriented bounding box (OBB) of the segmented object. By comparing the estimated descriptor with the template descriptors stored in the database, the object can be recognized. With this approach, the detected object can be matched with the model using the iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm to detect its 3-D location and orientation. Experiments were performed to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the approach. With the measured point clouds having a spatial resolution of 1.05 mm, the proposed method can achieve both a mean deviation and standard deviation below half of the spatial resolution.

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Wong, Nicole H. L., Hiroshi Ban, and Dorita H. F. Chang. "Human Depth Sensitivity Is Affected by Object Plausibility." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 32, no. 2 (February 2020): 338–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01483.

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Using behavioral and fMRI paradigms, we asked how the physical plausibility of complex 3-D objects, as defined by the object's congruence with 3-D Euclidean geometry, affects behavioral thresholds and neural responses to depth information. Stimuli were disparity-defined geometric objects rendered as random dot stereograms, presented in plausible and implausible variations. In the behavior experiment, observers were asked to complete (1) a noise-based depth task that involved judging the depth position of a target embedded in noise and (2) a fine depth judgment task that involved discriminating the nearer of two consecutively presented targets. Interestingly, results indicated greater behavioral sensitivities of depth judgments for implausible versus plausible objects across both tasks. In the fMRI experiment, we measured fMRI responses concurrently with behavioral depth responses. Although univariate responses for depth judgments were largely similar across cortex regardless of object plausibility, multivariate representations for plausible and implausible objects were notably distinguishable along depth-relevant intermediate regions V3 and V3A, in addition to object-relevant LOC. Our data indicate significant modulations of both behavioral judgments of and neural responses to depth by object context. We conjecture that disparity mechanisms interact dynamically with the object recognition problem in the visual system such that disparity computations are adjusted based on object familiarity.

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Gogel, Walter C., and Thomas J. Sharkey. "Measuring Attention Using Induced Motion." Perception 18, no. 3 (June 1989): 303–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p180303.

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Attention was measured by means of its effect upon induced motion. Perceived horizontal motion was induced in a vertically moving test spot by the physical horizontal motion of inducing objects. All stimuli were in a frontoparallel plane. The induced motion vectored with the physical motion to produce a clockwise or counterclockwise tilt in the apparent path of motion of the test spot. Either a single inducing object or two inducing objects moving in opposite directions were used. Twelve observers were instructed to attend to or to ignore the single inducing object while fixating the test object and, when the two opposing inducing objects were present, to attend to one inducing object while ignoring the other. Tracking of the test spot was visually monitored. The tilt of the path of apparent motion of the test spot was measured by tactile adjustment of a comparison rod. It was found that the measured tilt was substantially larger when the single inducing object was attended rather than ignored. For the two inducing objects, attending to one while ignoring the other clearly increased the effectiveness of the attended inducing object. The results are analyzed in terms of the distinction between voluntary and involuntary attention. The advantages of measuring attention by its effect on induced motion as compared with the use of a precueing procedure, and a hypothesis regarding the role of attention in modifying perceived spatial characteristics are discussed.

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Otsuki, Toshinori, and Teruo Maruyama. "Position sensing apparatus for an object to be measured." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, no. 6 (June 1987): 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.394733.

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Korjoukov, Ilia, Danique Jeurissen, Niels A. Kloosterman, Josine E. Verhoeven, H. Steven Scholte, and Pieter R. Roelfsema. "The Time Course of Perceptual Grouping in Natural Scenes." Psychological Science 23, no. 12 (November 8, 2012): 1482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797612443832.

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Visual perception starts with localized filters that subdivide the image into fragments that undergo separate analyses. The visual system has to reconstruct objects by grouping image fragments that belong to the same object. A widely held view is that perceptual grouping occurs in parallel across the visual scene and without attention. To test this idea, we measured the speed of grouping in pictures of animals and vehicles. In a classification task, these pictures were categorized efficiently. In an image-parsing task, participants reported whether two cues fell on the same or different objects, and we measured reaction times. Despite the participants’ fast object classification, perceptual grouping required more time if the distance between cues was larger, and we observed an additional delay when the cues fell on different parts of a single object. Parsing was also slower for inverted than for upright objects. These results imply that perception starts with rapid object classification and that rapid classification is followed by a serial perceptual grouping phase, which is more efficient for objects in a familiar orientation than for objects in an unfamiliar orientation.

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Pešík, Lubomír, and Ondřej Kohl. "Impacted Object Kinematic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 827 (February 2016): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.827.11.

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By destructive car tests are used acceleration sensors for the determination of a time courses of kinematic variables. The main task is to determine the velocity of measured points of selected objects. The fundamental problem in the solution of this problem is the fact that the acceleration sensor simultaneously record two mechanical movements. One of them is the movement of the object as a rigid body and the other is damped vibration of the object itself as a flexible body which is characterized by its dynamic parameters.

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Flittner*, Jonathan, John Luksas, and Joseph L. Gabbard. "Predicting User Performance in Augmented Reality User Interfaces with Image Analysis Algorithms." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 64, no. 1 (December 2020): 2108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1071181320641511.

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This study determines how to apply existing image analysis measures of visual clutter to augmented reality user interfaces, in conjunction with other factors that may affect performance such as the percentage of virtual objects compared to real objects in an interface, and the type of object a user is searching for (real or virtual). Image analysis measures of clutter were specifically chosen as they can be applied to complex and naturalistic images as is common to experience while using an AR UI. The end goal of this research is to develop an algorithm capable of predicting user performance for a given AR UI. In this experiment, twelve participants performed a visual search task of locating a target object in an array of objects where some objects were virtual, and some were real. Participants completed this task under three different clutter levels (low, medium, high) against five different levels of virtual object percentage (0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 100%) and two types of targets (real, virtual) with repetition. Task performance was measured through response time. Results show significant differences in response time between clutter levels and between virtual object percentage, but not target type. Participants consistently had more difficulty finding objects in more cluttered scenes, where clutter was determined through image analysis methods, and had more difficulty in finding objects when the virtual of objects was at 50% as opposed to other scenarios. Response time positively correlated to measures of combined clutter (virtual and real) arrays but not for measures of clutter taken of the individual array components (virtual or real), and positively correlated with the clutter scores of the target objects themselves.

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Sasaki, Hiroshi, Kazumasa Nomura, Hiroshi Nakajima, and Koji Kobayashi. "Tracking of Moving Object by Phase-only Correlation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 12, no. 5 (October 20, 2000): 541–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2000.p0541.

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A real-time tracking system that measures four-dimensional displacement of a moving object and that traces the object by directing a pair of cameras on three-axis robot is implemented and tested. In this system, the distance, rotation, and parallel displacement values of the object are measured by Phase-Only Correlation and Rotation-Invariant Phase-Only Correlation image processing techniques. It controls the pitch, roll, and yaw angles of the camera to locate the target in the stable position on the image, as well as keeps the size of the target on the image by magnifying or reducing the image, based on the measured distance using triangular surveying.

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Plank, Markus, Joseph Snider, Erik Kaestner, Eric Halgren, and Howard Poizner. "Neurocognitive stages of spatial cognitive mapping measured during free exploration of a large-scale virtual environment." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 3 (February 1, 2015): 740–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00114.2014.

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Using a novel, fully mobile virtual reality paradigm, we investigated the EEG correlates of spatial representations formed during unsupervised exploration. On day 1, subjects implicitly learned the location of 39 objects by exploring a room and popping bubbles that hid the objects. On day 2, they again popped bubbles in the same environment. In most cases, the objects hidden underneath the bubbles were in the same place as on day 1. However, a varying third of them were misplaced in each block. Subjects indicated their certainty that the object was in the same location as the day before. Compared with bubble pops revealing correctly placed objects, bubble pops revealing misplaced objects evoked a decreased negativity starting at 145 ms, with scalp topography consistent with generation in medial parietal cortex. There was also an increased negativity starting at 515 ms to misplaced objects, with scalp topography consistent with generation in inferior temporal cortex. Additionally, misplaced objects elicited an increase in frontal midline theta power. These findings suggest that the successive neurocognitive stages of processing allocentric space may include an initial template matching, integration of the object within its spatial cognitive map, and memory recall, analogous to the processing negativity N400 and theta that support verbal cognitive maps in humans.

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Li, Dong Mei, Tao Li, Tao Xiang, and Wei Xu. "Multiple Objects Tracking Based on Linear Fitting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1438–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1438.

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For multiple objects tracking in complex scenes, a new tracking algorithm based on linear fitting for multiple moving objects is proposed. DG_CENTRIST feature and color feature are combined to describe the object, and the overlapping ratio of the tracking object is calculated. The object in the current frame is measured by using coincidence degree. If there is occlusion, we predict the path of each object by linear fitting and adjust the results of tracking in order to get correct results. The experiment results show that this method can effectively improve the accuracy of the multiple target tracking.

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Gądek-Moszczak, Aneta. "The impact of the resolution of the measured object on the assessment of its perimeter." Production Engineering Archives 25, no. 25 (December 1, 2019): 47–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.30657/pea.2019.25.09.

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Abstract Automatic detection of objects is a part of visual systems supporting a quality control system of a manufacturing process. The paper concerns the influence of the resolution of images and the size of detected objects in pixels on measurements results. Test images of the objects of a known size were generated. The values of the perimeter of the objects were compared to the obtained values of measurements on the images with degraded resolution. The process of the degradation of the references images by successive downsizing the resolution, detection and measurements were performed applying automatic algorithm. The analysis of obtained results showed that the size of the analysed objects on the digital images plays an important role in reliability and accuracy of the measurement. The author concludes that, in order to avoid a bias in measurement caused by insufficient object resolution, the minimal acceptable size of objects on digital images in pixels should be recommended.

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Lemes, Samir, Damir Strbac, and Malik Cabaravdic. "Using Industrial Robots to Manipulate the Measured Object in CMM." International Journal of Advanced Robotic Systems 10, no. 7 (January 2013): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/56585.

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Grandy, Mathew S., and David A. Westwood. "Opposite Perceptual and Sensorimotor Responses to a Size-Weight Illusion." Journal of Neurophysiology 95, no. 6 (June 2006): 3887–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00851.2005.

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The perceptual size-weight illusion (SWI) occurs when two different-sized objects with equal mass are lifted in sequence: the smaller object is consistently reported to feel heavier than the larger object even after repeated lifting attempts. Here we explored the relationship between sensorimotor and perceptual responses to a SWI in which the smaller of the two target objects in fact weighed slightly less (2.7 N) than the larger object (3.2 N). For 20 consecutive lifts, participants consistently reported that the small-light object felt heavier than the large-heavy object; however, concurrently measured lifting dynamics showed exactly the opposite pattern: peak grip force, peak grip force rate, peak load force, and peak load force rate were all significantly greater for the large-heavy object versus the small-light object. The difference in peak load rate between the two objects was greatest for the initial lift but decreased significantly beyond that point, suggesting that the sensorimotor system used sensory feedback to correct for initial over- and underestimations of object mass. Despite these adjustments to lifting dynamics over the early trials, the difference between the judged heaviness of the two objects did not change. The findings clearly demonstrate that the sensorimotor and perceptual systems utilize distinctly different mechanisms for determining object mass.

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Shim, Jaeseok, and Yujin Lim. "WSN-Based Height Estimation of Moving Object in Surveillance Systems." Mobile Information Systems 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2127593.

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In the WSN- (wireless sensor network-) based surveillance system to detect undesired intrusion, all detected objects are not intruders. In order to reduce false alarms, human detection mechanism needs to determine if the detected object is a human. For human detection, physical characteristics of human are usually used. In this paper, we use the physical height to differentiate an intruder from detected objects. Using the measured information from sensors, we estimate the height of the detected object. Based on the height, if the detected object is decided as an intruder, an alarm is given to a control center. The experimental results indicate that our mechanism correctly and fast estimates the height of the object without complex computation.

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Koyuncu, Hakan, and Ahmet Çevik. "Indoor Localization by using Particle Filtering Approach with Wireless Sensor Nodes." Journal of Communications Software and Systems 9, no. 1 (March 23, 2013): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.24138/jcomss.v9i1.159.

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Jennic type wireless sensor nodes are utilized together with a novel particle filtering technique for indoor localization. Target objects are localized with an accuracy of around 0.25 meters. The proposed technique introduces a new particle generation and distribution technique to improve current estimation of object positions. Particles are randomly distributed around the object in the sensing area within a circular strip of 2 STD of object distance measurements. Particle locations are related to object locations by using Gaussian weight distribution methods. Object distances from the transmitters are determined by using received RSSI values and ITU-R indoor propagation model. Measured object distances are used together with the particle distances from the transmitters to predict the object locations.

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Vajda, Peter, Ivan Ivanov, Lutz Goldmann, Jong-Seok Lee, and Touradj Ebrahimi. "Robust Duplicate Detection of 2D and 3D Objects." International Journal of Multimedia Data Engineering and Management 1, no. 3 (July 2010): 19–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jmdem.2010070102.

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In this paper, the authors analyze their graph-based approach for 2D and 3D object duplicate detection in still images. A graph model is used to represent the 3D spatial information of the object based on the features extracted from training images to avoid explicit and complex 3D object modeling. Therefore, improved performance can be achieved in comparison to existing methods in terms of both robustness and computational complexity. Different limitations of this approach are analyzed by evaluating performance with respect to the number of training images and calculation of optimal parameters in a number of applications. Furthermore, effectiveness of object duplicate detection algorithm is measured over different object classes. The authors’ method is shown to be robust in detecting the same objects even when images with objects are taken from different viewpoints or distances.

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Lenda, G., P. Lewińska, and J. Siwiec. "Accuracy of Merging Point Clouds at the Maximum Range of a Scanner with Limited Possibilities of Target Placement." Archives of Civil Engineering 65, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 229–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ace-2019-0057.

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AbstractThe research was aimed at analysing the factors that affect the accuracy of merging point clouds when scanning over longer distances. Research takes into account the limited possibilities of target placement occurring while scanning opposite benches of quarries or open-pit mines, embankments from opposite banks of rivers etc. In all these cases, there is an obstacle/void between the scanner and measured object that prevents the optimal location of targets and enlarging scanning distances. The accuracy factors for cloud merging are: the placement of targets relative to the scanner and measured object, the target type and instrument range. Tests demonstrated that for scanning of objects with lower accuracy requirements, over long distances, it is optimal to choose flat targets for registration. For objects with higher accuracy requirements, scanned from shorter distances, it is worth selecting spherical targets. Targets and scanned object should be on the same side of the void.

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Chashnikov, Mikhail V., and Valentina V. Chashnikova. "Replacing the observed object in a dynamic measuring system." Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Applied Mathematics. Computer Science. Control Processes 16, no. 4 (2020): 415–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/11701/spbu10.2020.406.

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In this article the problem of an object state vector estimation is considered. This estimation is obtained by the treatment of measured parameters from several observed objects. In our case, we have two measured parameters that change their values over a certain time interval, but only one of them can be measured at each moment. The problem is to find the moment for switching the measurement from one object to another one in order to minimize the dispersion of one component of the state estimation vector. Previously, the Elfing problem was solved to repeatedly measure fixed parameters using this data in proportion to weight coefficients for processing with the least square method. Then, to change the measured values, a transfer from the discrete model to the continuous one was proposed. This made it possible to obtain an analytical expression dispersion that was dependent of the time moment on the switching. In this article, the estimation of the continuous model error is conducted and the sufficient conditions of using no more than one switching are proven. An example of this method’s application is shown to estimate the sea object coordinates using navigation satellites.

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Wang, Sisi, Jason Rajsic, and Geoffrey F. Woodman. "The Contralateral Delay Activity Tracks the Sequential Loading of Objects into Visual Working Memory, Unlike Lateralized Alpha Oscillations." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 11 (November 2019): 1689–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01446.

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Visual working memory temporarily represents a continuous stream of task-relevant objects as we move through our environment performing tasks. Previous work has identified candidate neural mechanisms of visual working memory storage; however, we do not know which of these mechanisms enable the storage of objects as we sequentially encounter them in our environment. Here, we measured the contralateral delay activity (CDA) and lateralized alpha oscillations as human subjects were shown a series of objects that they needed to remember. The amplitude of CDA increased following the presentation of each to-be-remembered object, reaching asymptote at about three to four objects. In contrast, the concurrently measured lateralized alpha power remained constant with each additional object. Our results suggest that the CDA indexes the storage of objects in visual working memory, whereas lateralized alpha suppression indexes the focusing of attention on the to-be-remembered objects.

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Lv, Qiong Ying, and Kun Liu. "Design of High-Speed Laser Ranging System Platform Based on FPGA." Applied Mechanics and Materials 526 (February 2014): 347–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.526.347.

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This article describes an approach based on FPGA technology and application speed galvanometer technology for high-speed moving objects in real-time and accurate laser ranging system platform design. Laser Ranging has high accuracy, good collimation, good anti-jamming Intuit points, and use high integration, operation speed of FPGA chip for data acquisition and processing.Speed galvanometer technology to ensure the entire system platform can continuously measure the distance to the high speed moving object information. The entire system ensures that the measured object in rapid motion state, the measured data in real time and accuracy.

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Dubyagin, Alexander, Volodymyr Gurуеv, and Irina Firsova. "INTER-LEVEL BALANCE: INDICATORS OF THE OBJECT’S LEVEL STRUCTURE, ITS CHANGES AND COORDINATION – THE AGGREGATE FORM." Technical Sciences and Technologies, no. 2(16) (2019): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2411-5363-2019-2(16)-62-70.

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Urgency of the research. Indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination, as one of the specific categories of the inter-level balance's indicators, provide a comprehensive quantitative assessment of the managed object's structure, its structural shifts, losses and replenishment based on the attribute measured in its units in the ratio scale. Target setting. The corresponding inter-level balance indicators, presented previously through the unweighted (nonaggregated) components of the latter, do not represent a possible assessment. Actual scientific researches and issues analysis. The calculation of non-aggregated indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination is carried out through the values of the number of movable and immovable object units. Uninvestigated parts of general matters defining. Evaluation of the effects of a control action on a structured object that is performed in the values of the measured attribute and is explained by the inter-level movement of units of this object. The research objective. To formulate the indicators of the object's level structure, its changes and coordination in the system of inter-level balance's indices by formulating rules for calculating them in aggregate form. The statement of basic materials. The aggregate form of the inter-level balance model is based on such components of the balance as level replenishment (losses) of the object, which explains the effects of the control action on the object at different levels of their systematization in the model. The result of such systematization is the system of aggregated balance indicators, among which the level structure of the object, its changes and coordination determine the level structure, evaluate the structural shifts and compare the components of the level structure of the object through the aggregate values of the attribute measured at its units at one level or another. The investigated indicators are formulated as absolute, relative and average values. Conclusions. The proposed inter-level balance's indicators are important for assessing the impact and effectiveness of the control effect on a structured object.

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Takahashi, Chie, and Simon J. Watt. "Changes in haptic sensitivity during tool use: Implications for optimal design of visual-haptic devices." Seeing and Perceiving 25 (2012): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187847612x647793.

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Optimising haptic sensitivity in visual-haptic interfaces can have important benefits, particularly in situations where visual information is relatively unreliable (for example in surgical devices, where there is often a lack of normal visual depth cues). Many haptic devices alter the normal relationship between object size and hand opening, and so might be expected to alter haptic sensitivity. To determine how to optimise haptic sensitivity in such situations, we measured haptic size sensitivity as a function of object size (i) during normal grasping, and (ii) using pliers-like tools that changed the gain between hand opening and object size. Haptic stimuli were created using force-feedback robots, and we measured discrimination thresholds using a two-interval forced-choice task. We first showed that when participants directly grasped objects with their hands haptic size sensitivity did not follow Weber’s law, but instead varied non-monotonically with object size/hand opening; thresholds were lowest for object sizes around 45 mm and increased non-linearly for larger and smaller objects. Second, when using the pliers, sensitivity in units of hand opening was unchanged from normal grasping. Thus, thresholds in units of object size were simply the product of the non-monotonic haptic size sensitivity function, above, and the tool gain. Taken together, these results show that there is a unique tool gain that maximises haptic sensitivity to each object size. Our results show how the ‘tool gain’ of haptic devices should be altered to optimise sensitivity to the range of object sizes in a particular scene.

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Voigts, Jakob, David H. Herman, and Tansu Celikel. "Tactile object localization by anticipatory whisker motion." Journal of Neurophysiology 113, no. 2 (January 15, 2015): 620–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00241.2014.

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Rodents use rhythmic protractions of their whiskers to locate objects in space. The amplitude of these protractions is reduced when whiskers contact objects, leading to a tendency of whiskers to only lightly touch the environment. While the impact of this process on the sensory input has been studied, little is known about how sensory input causes this change in the motor pattern. Here, using high-speed imaging of whisking in mice, we simultaneously measured whisker contacts and the resulting whisking motion. We found that mice precisely target their whisker protractions to the distance at which they expect objects. This modulation does not depend on the current sensory input and remains stable for at least one whisking cycle when there is no object contact or when the object position is changed. As a result, the timing and other information carried by whisker contacts encodes how well each protraction was matched to the object, functioning as an error signal. Whisker contacts can thus encode a mismatch between expected object locations and the actual environment.

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Yoon, Moon-chul, and Do-hun Chin. "Fractal roundness modelling of a measured profile of a cylindrical object." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 35, no. 11-12 (November 18, 2006): 1156–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-006-0797-7.

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Kanematsu, Erika, and David H. Brainard. "No measured effect of a familiar contextual object on color constancy." Color Research & Application 39, no. 4 (March 3, 2013): 347–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/col.21805.

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Proklova, Daria, Daniel Kaiser, and Marius V. Peelen. "Disentangling Representations of Object Shape and Object Category in Human Visual Cortex: The Animate–Inanimate Distinction." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 28, no. 5 (May 2016): 680–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00924.

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Objects belonging to different categories evoke reliably different fMRI activity patterns in human occipitotemporal cortex, with the most prominent distinction being that between animate and inanimate objects. An unresolved question is whether these categorical distinctions reflect category-associated visual properties of objects or whether they genuinely reflect object category. Here, we addressed this question by measuring fMRI responses to animate and inanimate objects that were closely matched for shape and low-level visual features. Univariate contrasts revealed animate- and inanimate-preferring regions in ventral and lateral temporal cortex even for individually matched object pairs (e.g., snake–rope). Using representational similarity analysis, we mapped out brain regions in which the pairwise dissimilarity of multivoxel activity patterns (neural dissimilarity) was predicted by the objects' pairwise visual dissimilarity and/or their categorical dissimilarity. Visual dissimilarity was measured as the time it took participants to find a unique target among identical distractors in three visual search experiments, where we separately quantified overall dissimilarity, outline dissimilarity, and texture dissimilarity. All three visual dissimilarity structures predicted neural dissimilarity in regions of visual cortex. Interestingly, these analyses revealed several clusters in which categorical dissimilarity predicted neural dissimilarity after regressing out visual dissimilarity. Together, these results suggest that the animate–inanimate organization of human visual cortex is not fully explained by differences in the characteristic shape or texture properties of animals and inanimate objects. Instead, representations of visual object properties and object category may coexist in more anterior parts of the visual system.

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Handayani, Nita, Kharisma Fajar H, Freddy Haryanto, Siti Nurul K, Marlin R. Baidillah, and Warsito P. Taruno. "Simulasi Rekonstruksi Citra Pada Sensor Brain ECVT (Electrical Capacitance Volume Tomography) dengan Metode ILBP (Iterative Linear Back Projection)." INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS 6, no. 02 (February 28, 2017): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/ijap.v6i02.1480.

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<p>The purpose of this study is to simulate the sensor 32-channel Brain ECVT image reconstruction using ILBP (Iterative Linear Back Projection) methods. ECVT is a dynamic volume imaging technique that utilizes non-linear difference of electric field distribution to determine the distribution of permittivity in the sensing area. ECVT has measured the capacitance of data as a result of changes in the permittivity distribution between the electrode pairs. ECVT device consists of three main parts: helmet-shaped sensors, DAS (Data Acquisition System), PC for display and image reconstruction process. Simulation of sensor design using COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5 software, while the process of image reconstruction and analysis of the results using Matlab software 2009a. The principle of ECVT includes two stages of data collection capacitance of electrodes (forward problem) and image reconstruction from the measured capacitance (inverse problem). In the study, the simulation of image reconstruction was done by varying the object position, the number of objects and charge density of the object. From the simulation results showed that the reconstructed image with ILBP method is influenced by several parameters: the object's position in the sensor,charge density value of the object, an alpha value and the number of iterations was selected.</p>

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Schwenter, Scott A., and Rena Torres Cacoullos. "Competing constraints on the variable placement of direct object clitics in Mexico City Spanish." Revista Española de Lingüística Aplicada/Spanish Journal of Applied Linguistics 27, no. 2 (December 8, 2014): 514–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/resla.27.2.13sch.

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We utilize variationist methodology to explore the conventionalization and pragmatics of 3rd person direct object clitic placement in Spanish periphrastic constructions. Analysis of 652 tokens extracted from three Mexico City speech corpora indicates that while proclitic position is the majority variant, the rate of enclitic position depends on particular [finite + non-finite verb] constructions, distinguished by frequency measures and more grammaticalized meanings. At the same time, enclisis is favored by propositional or non-referential direct objects and by direct objects of low topic persistence, measured by subsequent mentions. In contrast, proclitic position is favored more by inanimate than human referents, especially those that show topic persistence and whose previous mention was in the syntactic role of direct object in the same or preceding clause. These quantitative patterns suggest that proclisis indicates prototypical DOs in non-prototypical use, i.e. topical inanimates. Thus, despite conventionalization of the general proclitic schema, particular constructions and semantic-pragmatic considerations are operative factors in the variation.

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Han, Fuao, Li Zhang, and Kaige Cui. "Measuring Thickness of Object with Ultrasonic Thickness Gauge." MATEC Web of Conferences 175 (2018): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817503029.

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In this paper, the ultrasonic thickness gauge by the pulse-reflective principle of the steel pipe, the thickness of steel plate, glass and glass were measured and analyzed, and other factors in thickness measurement had certain influence on the thickness measured: coupling agent, surface condition, temperature and so on.

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Kurita, Koichi. "Novel Detection Technique for Triboelectricity under Perfect Noncontact Condition." Applied Mechanics and Materials 36 (October 2010): 355–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.36.355.

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In this study, we propose a new concept for triboelectricity measurement technique based on the measurement of current generated by electrostatic induction. The proposed technique can detect the occurrence of triboelectricity from the contact between two objects under perfect noncontact and in situ conditions. An instantaneous change, which is generated on the object as a result of friction between the objects, is observed in the electric potential of the object. Therefore, we can detect the electrostatic induction current of the order of a few picoamperes flowing through an electrode that is placed at a distance of 50 cm from the object. In order to confirm the effectiveness of this technique, the electrostatic induction currents generated from prototype rotating equipment were measured. An occurrence model is proposed for the electrostatic induction current generated as a result of a change in the electric potential of the object.

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Hires, Samuel Andrew, Adam Schuyler, Jonathan Sy, Vincent Huang, Isis Wyche, Xiyue Wang, and David Golomb. "Beyond cones: an improved model of whisker bending based on measured mechanics and tapering." Journal of Neurophysiology 116, no. 2 (August 1, 2016): 812–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00511.2015.

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The sense of touch is represented by neural activity patterns evoked by mechanosensory input forces. The rodent whisker system is exceptional for studying the neurophysiology of touch in part because these forces can be precisely computed from video of whisker deformation. We evaluate the accuracy of a standard model of whisker bending, which assumes quasi-static dynamics and a linearly tapered conical profile, using controlled whisker deflections. We find significant discrepancies between model and experiment: real whiskers bend more than predicted upon contact at locations in the middle of the whisker and less at distal locations. Thus whiskers behave as if their stiffness near the base and near the tip is larger than expected for a homogeneous cone. We assess whether contact direction, friction, inhomogeneous elasticity, whisker orientation, or nonconical shape could explain these deviations. We show that a thin-middle taper of mouse whisker shape accounts for the majority of this behavior. This taper is conserved across rows and columns of the whisker array. The taper has a large effect on the touch-evoked forces and the ease with which whiskers slip past objects, which are key drivers of neural activity in tactile object localization and identification. This holds for orientations with intrinsic whisker curvature pointed toward, away from, or down from objects, validating two-dimensional models of simple whisker-object interactions. The precision of computational models relating sensory input forces to neural activity patterns can be quantitatively enhanced by taking thin-middle taper into account with a simple corrective function that we provide.

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Yin, Jun, Haokui Xu, Jipeng Duan, and Mowei Shen. "Object-Based Attention on Social Units: Visual Selection of Hands Performing a Social Interaction." Psychological Science 29, no. 7 (May 9, 2018): 1040–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617749636.

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Traditionally, objects of attention are characterized either as full-fledged entities or either as elements grouped by Gestalt principles. Because humans appear to use social groups as units to explain social activities, we proposed that a socially defined group, according to social interaction information, would also be a possible object of attentional selection. This hypothesis was examined using displays with and without handshaking interactions. Results demonstrated that object-based attention, which was measured by an object-specific attentional advantage (i.e., shorter response times to targets on a single object), was extended to two hands performing a handshake but not to hands that did not perform meaningful social interactions, even when they did perform handshake-like actions. This finding cannot be attributed to the familiarity of the frequent co-occurrence of two handshaking hands. Hence, object-based attention can select a grouped object whose parts are connected within a meaningful social interaction. This finding implies that object-based attention is constrained by top-down information.

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Turk, David J., Kim van Bussel, Joanne L. Brebner, Andreea S. Toma, Olav Krigolson, and Todd C. Handy. "When “It” Becomes “Mine”: Attentional Biases Triggered by Object Ownership." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 23, no. 12 (December 2011): 3725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00101.

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Previous research has demonstrated that higher-order cognitive processes associated with the allocation of selective attention are engaged when highly familiar self-relevant items are encountered, such as one's name, face, personal possessions and the like. The goal of our study was to determine whether these effects on attentional processing are triggered on-line at the moment self-relevance is established. In a pair of experiments, we recorded ERPs as participants viewed common objects (e.g., apple, socks, and ketchup) in the context of an “ownership” paradigm, where the presentation of each object was followed by a cue indicating whether the object nominally belonged either to the participant (a “self” cue) or the experimenter (an “other” cue). In Experiment 1, we found that “self” ownership cues were associated with increased attentional processing, as measured via the P300 component. In Experiment 2, we replicated this effect while demonstrating that at a visual–perceptual level, spatial attention became more narrowly focused on objects owned by self, as measured via the lateral occipital P1 ERP component. Taken together, our findings indicate that self-relevant attention effects are triggered by the act of taking ownership of objects associated with both perceptual and postperceptual processing in cortex.

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Шмырин, А. М., Н. М. Мишачев, and И. И. Супрунов. "NEIGHBORHOOD MODELING FOR COMMULATIVE PROCESSING OF MEASURED STOCHASTIC DATA FLOW." СИСТЕМЫ УПРАВЛЕНИЯ И ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ ТЕХНОЛОГИИ, no. 2(84) (March 1, 2021): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36622/vstu.2021.84.2.004.

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В статье обсуждается предложенная авторами окрестностная модель конвейерной обработки движущегося протяженного объекта с измеряемыми на входе стохастическими свойствами. Эта модель интерпретируется как задача управления по возмущению в теории дискретных динамических систем и предлагается алгоритм динамического генерирования расписания для последовательного аддитивного действия узлов конвейера на протяженный объект. The article discusses the proposed neighborhood model of sequential processing of a moving extended object with stochastic properties measured at the input. This model is interpreted as an input-disturbance control problem in the theory of discrete dynamical systems, and an algorithm for generating a schedule for the sequential additive action of the conveyor nodes on an extended object is proposed.

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Okazaki, Shin'ya, Takayuki Tanaka, Shun'ichi Kaneko, Hidenori Takauji, Nobuo Kochi, and Mitsuharu Yamada. "Reliability Analysis of Object Position Measured by Motion Stereo Considering Camera Vibration." IEEJ Transactions on Industry Applications 132, no. 10 (2012): 942–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejias.132.942.

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Remus, D., N. Davidenko, Y. Hu, G. Glover, and K. Grill-Spector. "Reliability of object- and face-selective activations measured with high-resolution fMRI." Journal of Vision 8, no. 6 (March 26, 2010): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/8.6.45.

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Kim, M., M. Ducros, K. Ugurbil, and D. S. Kim. "Topography of high-order human object areas measured with DTI and fMRI." Journal of Vision 5, no. 8 (September 1, 2005): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/5.8.905.

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Reger, Maxine L., David A. Hovda, and Christopher C. Giza. "Ontogeny of Rat Recognition Memory measured by the novel object recognition task." Developmental Psychobiology 51, no. 8 (December 2009): 672–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dev.20402.

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Parikh, Pranav J., and Kelly J. Cole. "Handling objects in old age: forces and moments acting on the object." Journal of Applied Physiology 112, no. 7 (April 1, 2012): 1095–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01385.2011.

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We measured the external moments and digit-tip force directions acting on a freely moveable object while it was grasped and manipulated by old (OA) and young (YA) adults. Participants performed a grasp and lift task and a precision orientation (key-slot) task with a precision (thumb-finger) grip. During the grasp-lift task the OA group misaligned their thumb and finger contacts and produced greater grip force, greater external moments on the object around its roll axis, and oriented force vectors differently compared with the YA group. During the key-slot task, the OA group was more variable in digit-tip force directions and performed the key-slot task more slowly. With practice the OA group aligned their digits, reduced their grip force, and minimized external moments on the object, clearly demonstrating that the nervous system monitored and actively manipulated one or more variables related to object tilt. This was true even for the grip-lift task, a task for which no instructions regarding object orientation were given and which could tolerate modest amounts of object tilt without interfering with task goals. Although the OA group performed the key-slot task faster with experience, they remained slower than the YA group. We conclude that with old age comes a reduced ability to control the forces and moments applied to objects during precision grasp and manipulation. This may contribute to the ubiquitous slowing and deteriorating manual dexterity in healthy aging.

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Lee, Edward T., and Fred Y. Wu. "Algorithms for simple object reconstruction using the largest possible object approach." Robotica 10, no. 4 (July 1992): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574700008213.

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SUMMARYRecently, three-dimensional motion analysis and shape recovery have attracted growing attention as promising avenues of approach to image understanding, object reconstruction as well as computer vision for robotic Systems. The image generation problem and the model generation problem are presented. More specifically, the inputs to the image generator are an old image, object model, motion specification, and hidden line and hidden surface algorithms. The output is a new image. Since the object model is given, the top-down approach is usually used. On the other hand, for the model generation problem, the input is an image sequence while the output is an object model. Since the object model is not given, and bottom-up approach is usually used.In this paper, the largest possible object approach is proposed and the advantages of this approach are stated. They are:1. This approach may be applicable to objects with planar surfaces as well as nonplanar surfaces.2. This approach may be applicable to the case that there are more than one face change per frame.3. This approach may be applicable when the camera is moving.4. This approach may be applicable when the object is measured by several measuring stations.By using this approach, algorithms for simple object reconstruction given a sequence of pictures are presented together with illustrative examples. The relevance and importance of this work are discussed.The results of this paper may have useful applications in object reconstruction, pictorial data reduction and computer vision for robotic Systems.

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Siddique, Nazmul, and Hojjat Adeli. "Gravitational Search Algorithm and Its Variants." International Journal of Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence 30, no. 08 (July 17, 2016): 1639001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218001416390018.

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Gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is a nature-inspired conceptual framework with roots in gravitational kinematics, a branch of physics that models the motion of masses moving under the influence of gravity. In GSA, a collection of objects interacts with each other under the Newtonian gravity and the laws of motion. The performances of objects are measured by masses. All these objects attract each other by the gravity force, while this force causes a global movement of all objects toward the objects with heavier masses. The position of the object corresponds to a solution of the problem. The positions of the objects are updated every iteration and the best fitness along with its corresponding object is stored. Heavier masses move slowly than lighter ones. The algorithm terminates after a specified number of iterations after which the best fitness becomes the global fitness for a particular problem and the positions of the corresponding object becomes the global solution of that problem. This paper presents a review of GSA and its variants.

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Gillmeister, Helge, Julia Adler, and Bettina Forster. "Object-guided Spatial Attention in Touch: Holding the Same Object with Both Hands Delays Attentional Selection." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 22, no. 5 (May 2010): 931–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21265.

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Previous research has shown that attention to a specific location on a uniform visual object spreads throughout the entire object. Here we demonstrate that, similar to the visual system, spatial attention in touch can be object guided. We measured event-related brain potentials to tactile stimuli arising from objects held by observers' hands, when the hands were placed either near each other or far apart, holding two separate objects, or when they were far apart but holding a common object. Observers covertly oriented their attention to the left, to the right, or to both hands, following bilaterally presented tactile cues indicating likely tactile target location(s). Attentional modulations for tactile stimuli at attended compared to unattended locations were present in the time range of early somatosensory components only when the hands were far apart, but not when they were near. This was found to reflect enhanced somatosensory processing at attended locations rather than suppressed processing at unattended locations. Crucially, holding a common object with both hands delayed attentional selection, similar to when the hands were near. This shows that the proprioceptive distance effect on tactile attentional selection arises when distant event locations can be treated as separate and unconnected sources of tactile stimulation, but not when they form part of the same object. These findings suggest that, similar to visual attention, both space- and object-based attentional mechanisms can operate when we select between tactile events on our body surface.

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Smith, Michael A., and John F. Soechting. "Modulation of Grasping Forces During Object Transport." Journal of Neurophysiology 93, no. 1 (January 2005): 137–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00775.2004.

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Subjects held an instrumented object in a tripod grasp and moved it in the horizontal plane in various directions. The contact forces at the digits were measured and the grip force was decomposed into 2 components: a manipulating force responsible for accelerating the object and a grasping force responsible for holding the object steady. The grasping forces increased during the movement, reaching a peak near the time of peak velocity. The grasping forces also exhibited directional tuning, but this tuning was idiosyncratic for each subject. Although the overall grip forces should be modulated with acceleration, the load force did not vary during the task. Therefore the increase in the grasping force is not required to prevent slip. Rather, it is suggested that grasping force increases during translational motion to stabilize the orientation of grasped objects.

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Svatoš, Jakub, Josef Vedral, and Pavel Fexa. "Metal Detector Excited By Frequency-Swept Signal." Metrology and Measurement Systems 18, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 57–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10178-011-0006-3.

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Metal Detector Excited By Frequency-Swept Signal This paper describes the theoretical background of electromagnetic induction from metal objects modelling. The response function of a specific case of object shape - a homogenous sphere from ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic material is introduced. Experimental data measured by a metal detector excited with a linearly frequency-swept signal are presented. As a testing target various spheres from different materials and sizes were used. These results should lead to better identification of the buried object.

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White, Olivier, Noreen Dowling, R. Martyn Bracewell, and Jörn Diedrichsen. "Hand Interactions in Rapid Grip Force Adjustments Are Independent of Object Dynamics." Journal of Neurophysiology 100, no. 5 (November 2008): 2738–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.90593.2008.

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Object manipulation requires rapid increase in grip force to prevent slippage when the load force of the object suddenly increases. Previous experiments have shown that grip force reactions interact between the hands when holding a single object. Here we test whether this interaction is modulated by the object dynamics experienced before the perturbation of the load force. We hypothesized that coupling of grip forces should be stronger when holding a single object than when holding separate objects. We measured the grip force reactions elicited by unpredictable load perturbations when participants were instructed to hold one single or two separate objects. We simulated these objects both visually and dynamically using a virtual environment consisting of two robotic devices and a calibrated stereo display. In contrast to previous studies, the load forces arising from a single object could be uncoupled at the moment of perturbation, allowing for a pure measurement of grip force coupling. Participants increased grip forces rapidly (onset ∼70 ms) in response to perturbations. Grip force increases were stronger when the load force on the other hand also increased. No such coupling was present in the reaction of the arms to the load force increase. Surprisingly, however, the grip force interaction did not depend on the nature of the manipulated object. These results show fast obligatory coupling of bimanual grip force responses. Although this coupling may play a functional role for providing stability in bimanual object manipulation, it seems to constitute a relatively hard-wired modulation of a reflex.

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Ogawa, Hirokazu, Yuji Takeda, and Akihiro Yagi. "Inhibitory Tagging on Randomly Moving Objects." Psychological Science 13, no. 2 (March 2002): 125–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9280.00423.

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Inhibitory tagging is a process that prevents focal attention from revisiting previously checked items in inefficient searches, facilitating search performance. Recent studies suggested that inhibitory tagging is object rather than location based, but it was unclear whether inhibitory tagging operates on moving objects. The present study investigated the tagging effect on moving objects. Participants were asked to search for a moving target among randomly and independently moving distractors. After either efficient or inefficient search, participants performed a probe detection task that measured the inhibitory effect on search items. The inhibitory effect on distractors was observed only after inefficient searches. The present results support the concept of object-based inhibitory tagging.

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Zhao, Yan, Xiao Lin Zhang, Jun Wang, and Wen Yan Tang. "Measurement of Moment of Inertia Based on Torsion Pendulum." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 964–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.964.

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The measurement system based on torsion pendulum is presented to measure the moment of inertia considering the effect of air damping. With the introduction of air-hovered turntable, the influence of friction force is reduced. In order to increase the effect of the air damping, damping paddles are used to increase the area of test object. The pendulum motion of test object can be measured by the displacement sensor. The moment of inertia of test objects can be calculated by the damping ratio and oscillation period. The experimental results show that the relative measurement error of the moment of inertia of the test objects is less than 2%.

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Pavlovic, Milan, Ivan Ciric, Danijela Ristic-Durrant, Vlastimir Nikolic, Milos Simonovic, Milica Ciric, and Milan Banic. "Advanced thermal camera based system for object detection on rail tracks." Thermal Science 22, Suppl. 5 (2018): 1551–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci18s5551p.

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In this paper, an advanced thermal camera-based system for detection of objects on rail tracks is presented. Developed system is powered by advanced image processing algorithm, in order to achieve greater reliability and robustness, and tested on set of infrared images captured at night conditions. The goal of this system is to detect objects on rail tracks and next to them and estimate distances between camera stand and detected objects. For that purpose, different edge detection methods are tested, and finally Canny edge detector is selected for rail track detection and for determination of region of interest, further used for analysis in object detection process. In determined region of interest, region-based segmentation is used for object detection. For estimation of distances between camera stand and detected objects, homography based method is used. Validation of estimated distances is done, in respect to real measured distances from camera stand to objects (humans) involved in experiment. Distances are estimated with a maximum error of 2%. System can provide reliable object detection, as well as distance estimation, and for improved robustness and adaptability, artificial intelligence tools can be used.

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Sydoruk, Kochs, van Dusschoten, Huber, and Jahnke. "Precise Volumetric Measurements of Any Shaped Objects with a Novel Acoustic Volumeter." Sensors 20, no. 3 (January 30, 2020): 760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20030760.

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We introduce a novel technique to measure volumes of any shaped objects based on acoustic components. The focus is on small objects with rough surfaces, such as plant seeds. The method allows measurement of object volumes more than 1000 times smaller than the volume of the sensor chamber with both high precision and high accuracy. The method is fast, noninvasive, and easy to produce and use. The measurement principle is supported by theory, describing the behavior of the measured data for objects of known volumes in a range of 1 to 800 µL. In addition to single-frequency, we present frequency-dependent measurements that provide supplementary information about pores on the surface of a measured object, such as the total volume of pores and, in the case of cylindrical pores, their average radius-to-length ratio. We demonstrate the usefulness of the method for seed phenotyping by measuring the volume of irregularly shaped seeds and showing the ability to “look” under the husk and inside pores, which allows us to assess the true density of seeds.

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Journal articles on the topic 'The measured object'

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