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Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Milgram experiment

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Academic literature on the topic 'The Milgram experiment'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 10 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The Milgram experiment"

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Russell, Nestar. "An Important Milgram-Holocaust Linkage: Formal Rationality." Canadian Journal of Sociology 42, no. 3 (September 29, 2017): 261–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/cjs28291.

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After Stanley Milgram published his first official Obedience to Authority baseline experiment, some scholars drew parallels between his findings and the Holocaust. These comparisons are now termed the Milgram-Holocaust linkage. However, because the Obedience studies have been shown to differ in many ways from the Holocaust’s finer historical details, more recent literature has challenged the linkage. In this article I argue that the Obedience studies and the Holocaust share two commonalities that are so significant that they may negate the importance others have attributed to the differences. These commonalities are (1) an end-goal of maximising “ordinary” people’s participation in harm infliction and (2) a reliance on Weberian formal rational techniques of discovery to achieve this end-goal. Using documents obtained from Milgram’s personal archive at Yale University, this article reveals the means-to-end learning processes Milgram utilised during his pilot studies in order to maximise ordinary people’s participation in harm-infliction in his official baseline experiment. This article then illustrates how certain Nazi innovators relied on the same techniques of discovery during the invention of the Holocaust, more specifically the so-called Holocaust by bullets. In effect, during both the Obedience studies and the Holocaust processes were developed that made, in each case, the undoable doable.

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Morawski, Jill. "Description in the Psychological Sciences." Representations 135, no. 1 (2016): 119–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2016.135.1.119.

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This essay uses the case of scientific psychology to explore modes of description and the broader objectives underlying these modes, reporting on both the complexities and potentials of psychological description. It examines the description techniques of the classic Milgram experiment and offers a redescription of the resulting data to show both how psychology’s practices of description entail more than objective accounts of observed behavior and how these descriptions can influence the social world and our understandings of ourselves. The case of Stanley Milgram’s experiments in obedience suggest the material and social powers of the descriptions psychologists “give away” for human benefit.

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Turowetz, Jason, and Matthew M. Hollander. "From “Ridiculous” to “Glad to Have Helped”: Debriefing News Delivery and Improved Reactions to Science in Milgram’s “Obedience” Experiments." Social Psychology Quarterly 81, no. 1 (March 2018): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272518759968.

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Commentators on Milgram’s classic and controversial experiments agree that better integration of theories of “obedience to authority” with current archival research on participants’ viewpoints is essential in explaining compliance. Using conversation analysis, we examine an archived data source that is largely overlooked by the Milgram literature, yet crucial for understanding the interactional organization of participants’ displayed perspectives. In hundreds of interviews conducted immediately after each experiment, participants received one of two types of debriefing: deceptive or full. Analyzing 56 full debriefings from three experimental conditions, we find they featured interactional structuring as news delivery sequences and that debriefing news could transform initially ambivalent or negative assessments of the experiment into positive ones. Such findings reveal limitations of engaged followership, the currently dominant theory of “obedience.” Following discussion of improved assessments’ relevance to public attitudes toward science, we conclude that multiple social psychological processes were at work in producing Milgram’s results.

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Pavlenko, V. N. "S. Milgram’s experiment through the lens of historical psychology." Social Psychology and Society 10, no. 3 (2019): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/sps.2019100301.

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The article presents a look at the results of the classical experiment of S. Milgram from the point of view of the theories of B. Porshnev and D. Jaynes. A review of the provisions of both theories that are relevant to the analysis of the experiment of S. Milgram is given. A comparative analysis was carried out. It is shown that both theories postulate the existence in human history of a period when our ancestors were guided in their behavior not by their own motives, goals and objectives, but by other people’s speech commands — either given by real leaders (B. Porshnev), or their “doubles” — voice-hallucinations (D. Jaynes). If we agree with the authors of these theories, the unquestioning obedience to “authority”, demonstrated by the majority of subjects in the experiment of S. Milgram, is in a certain sense a recurrence of those psychological mechanisms and behaviors that existed in a person in that historical era of total suggestion (according to B. Porshnev) or “bicameral mind” (according to D. Jane).

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Doliński, Dariusz, Tomasz Grzyb, Michał Folwarczny, Patrycja Grzybała, Karolina Krzyszycha, Karolina Martynowska, and Jakub Trojanowski. "Would You Deliver an Electric Shock in 2015? Obedience in the Experimental Paradigm Developed by Stanley Milgram in the 50 Years Following the Original Studies." Social Psychological and Personality Science 8, no. 8 (March 14, 2017): 927–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1948550617693060.

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In spite of the over 50 years which have passed since the original experiments conducted by Stanley Milgram on obedience, these experiments are still considered a turning point in our thinking about the role of the situation in human behavior. While ethical considerations prevent a full replication of the experiments from being prepared, a certain picture of the level of obedience of participants can be drawn using the procedure proposed by Burger. In our experiment, we have expanded it by controlling for the sex of participants and of the learner. The results achieved show a level of participants’ obedience toward instructions similarly high to that of the original Milgram studies. Results regarding the influence of the sex of participants and of the “learner,” as well as of personality characteristics, do not allow us to unequivocally accept or reject the hypotheses offered.

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Abbott, Alison. "Modern Milgram experiment sheds light on power of authority." Nature 530, no. 7591 (February 2016): 394–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature.2016.19408.

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Farley, Sally D., Deborah H. Carson, and Terrence J. Pope. "“I Would Never Fall for That”: The Use of an Illegitimate Authority to Teach Social Psychological Principles." Teaching of Psychology 46, no. 2 (March 5, 2019): 146–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0098628319834200.

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This activity explores attitudinal beliefs and behavioral responses of obedience to an illegitimate authority figure in an ambiguous situation. In Experiment 1, students either self-reported the likelihood that they would obey a request made by a stranger to surrender their cell phone or were asked directly and in person by a confederate to relinquish their cell phone. The exercise revealed a marked discrepancy between how students predicted they would respond and how they actually did respond to the request. In Experiment 2, student learning was measured in addition to obedience. Although students exposed to the exercise had similar gains in learning as those exposed to a control condition, the mean obedience rate was a compelling 95.7%. Furthermore, students self-reported a greater willingness to obey the commands of an authority figure after learning about the Milgram study than before, thereby acknowledging their vulnerability to authority. We discuss the role of Milgram’s study in the psychology curriculum and provide recommendations for how this exercise might assist understanding of myriad social psychological principles.

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Hollander, Matthew M., and Douglas W. Maynard. "Do Unto Others . . . ? Methodological Advance and Self- Versus Other-Attentive Resistance in Milgram’s “Obedience” Experiments." Social Psychology Quarterly 79, no. 4 (August 11, 2016): 355–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272516648967.

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We introduce conversation analysis (CA) as a methodological innovation that contributes to studies of the classic Milgram experiment, one allowing for substantive advances in the social psychological “obedience to authority” paradigm. Data are 117 audio recordings of Milgram’s original experimental sessions. We discuss methodological features of CA and then show how CA allows for methodological advances in understanding the Milgramesque situation by treating it as a three-party interactional scene, explicating an interactional dilemma for the “Teacher” subjects, and decomposing categorical outcomes (obedience vs. defiance) into their concrete interactional routes. Substantively, we analyze two kinds of resistance to directives enacted by both obedient and defiant participants, who may orient to how continuation would be troublesome primarily for themselves (self-attentive resistance) or for the person receiving shocks (other-attentive resistance). Additionally, we find that defiant participants mobilize two other-attentive practices almost never used by obedient ones: Golden Rule accounts and “letting the Learner decide.”

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Da Costa, Silvia, Gisela Delfino, Marcela Murattori, Elena Zubieta, Lucía García, Dario Páez, Maite Beramendi, and Fernanda Sosa. "Obedience to authority, cognitive and affective responses and leadership style in relation to a non-normative order: the Milgram experiment." Revista de Psicología 39, no. 2 (July 21, 2021): 717–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18800/psico.202102.008.

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The influence of the context on behavioral and emotional reactions to a war crime situation military cadets (N = 315) is analyzed. The study is based on Milgram’s experience and the tragedy of My Lai.It examines personal and peer obedience to an anti-normative order (asking participants whether they would obey an order to shoot unarmed civilians) in five vignettes or scenarios that reproduce Milgram’s conditions and MyLai scenario. This is an experimental between-within study of five scenarios by two conditions (Milgram, 1974). Personal and collective obedience of other military, emotional reactions and values of Schwartz (2012) were measured. Showing enhancement of self-bias it is reported that the pairs would be more likely to shoot than one would. Replicating Milgrams’s results, obedience is greater when the order is given directly by an authority, and lower when there is conflict between authorities and peers rebel. Confirming that identification with humanity and not just with the in-group may prompt respondents to reject an anti-normative order, values of transcendence of the self are associated with less obedience and congruent emotional reactions. Self-perceived transformational leadership was associated with positive emotions towards peer that disobey to fire. However a transformational style perceived in the superior was associated to positive emotions by respect to soldier who open fire, adding information on the potential dark side of this leadership style. The relevance of personal values, leadership style and affectivity in military context is discussed.

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Blass, Thomas. "The Milgram Obedience Experiment: Support for a Cognitive View of Defensive Attribution." Journal of Social Psychology 136, no. 3 (June 1996): 407–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1996.9714020.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Milgram experiment"

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Smith, Nicole Ann. "The Character of Character: New Directions for a Dispositional Theory." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1368622468.

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Lobb, Steven Lee. "Human Destructiveness and Authority: The Milgram Experiments and the Perpetration of Genocide." W&M ScholarWorks, 1995. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625988.

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Oppenheimer, Maya Rae. "The dramaturgical devices of Stanley Milgram's obedience to authority experiment." Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2015. http://bbktheses.da.ulcc.ac.uk/132/.

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Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiment is one of the most famous experiments in the history of psychology. This magnanimous statement, and so many others like it, is invariably followed by a claim that Milgram proved the majority of people will harm another person if instructed to do so by an authority figure. This thesis is a close and experiential reading of Milgram’s obedience to authority experiment conducted at Yale University between 1960 and 1963 not to ascertain the truth behind such claims but to accept them and build a narrative towards how they came to be. Milgram’s experiments are a complex and nuanced case study with which to examine the transferential relationship between science and culture. Taking the simulated shock generator as an omnipresent and invaluable aspect of Milgram’s laboratory apparatus, I introduce a specific way of seeing the paradigm: as a metaphorical model for critiquing the social world rather than measuring and generalising our role as agents within it. Incorporating a visual rhetorical approach mixed with design history, media studies and history of science, I also demonstrate the importance of fiction in methodological investigations in both history as well as social science. These directions help me answer the question of: what can we learn from looking at this well-worn subject from an object perspective; and what happens to a laboratory instrument when we take it out of its disciplinary enclave of empirical science? The result is an imminent critique about representational frameworks, the pursuit of knowledge and how we draw upon structures of investigation to simultaneously inform and critique the social world. My research draws heavily upon the Stanley Milgram Papers at Yale University, the Archive of the History of American Psychology at University of Akron, and Dramaco Instruments, a fictional and informative resource.

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TOMSOVÁ, Nikol. "Televizní formát reality show optikou konceptů Viléma Flussera a sociálně psychologických experimentů." Master's thesis, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-46613.

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This graduation work is concerned with newly developing media formats, focusing on the reality show format. Introduction chapters theoretically describe theses from selected philosophical works of Vilém Flusser, which are mainly thoughts included in his interpretation of technical pictures philosophy. Further chapters follow this topic and try to link it with the reality show format. This format is defined and supplemented with specific examples. The graduation work is then concluded with chapters that introduce the reality show from a social-psychological point of view. These chapters are based on examples of psychological experiments, the results of which are applicable to certain situations which could occur within a reality show. The conclusion of the graduation work comprises the overall assessment of the reality show format in connection with the philosophy of technical pictures and outcomes of psychological experiments.

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Books on the topic "The Milgram experiment"

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Kargl, Walter. Die Funktion des Strafrechts in rechtstheoretischer Sicht: Schlussfolgerungen aus dem Milgram-Experiment. Heidelberg: C.F. Müller, 1995.

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The man who shocked the world: The life and legacy of Stanley Milgram. New York: Basic Books, a member of the Perseus Books Group, 2004.

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Blass, Thomas. The man who shocked the world: The life and legacy of Stanley Milgram. New York: Basic Books, 2004.

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Gehorsam und Gewissen: Die moralische Handlungskompetenz des Menschen aus Sicht des Milgram-Experimentes. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2003.

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Russell, Nestar. Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 2: Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust. Cham: Springer Nature, 2019.

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Mastroianni, George R. Social Psychology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190638238.003.0009.

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Chapter 9 examines social-psychological approaches to understanding the Holocaust. Since Stanley Milgram’s obedience experiments were published in the early 1960s, social-psychological formulations based on obedience and social influence have dominated the psychology of the Holocaust. There is also a significant critical literature that challenges some of the findings and interpretation of Milgram and Phillip Zimbardo as they apply to the Holocaust. Social cognition is the study of thinking as situated in a social milieu and offers a fruitful framework for considering the ways Germans thought about one another during the Third Reich. Modern approaches to prejudice and racism, especially the study of unconscious or implicit biases, may provide insight into anti-Semitic attitudes prevalent in Germany (and elsewhere) during the Nazi years.

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Perry, Gina. Behind the Shock Machine: The Untold Story of the Notorious Milgram Psychology Experiments. Scribe Publications, 2013.

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Behind The Shock Machine The Untold Story Of The Notorious Milgram Psychology Experiments. The New Press, 2013.

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Russell, Nestar. Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 1: Milgram’s Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust. Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.

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Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 1: Milgram's Obedience Experiments and the Holocaust. Palgrave Macmillan, 2019.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Milgram experiment"

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Russell, Nestar. "How Milgram Ensured Most Participants Completed the First Official Experiment." In Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 1, 55–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95816-3_4.

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Lunt, Peter. "Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiments." In Stanley Milgram, 1–22. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01911-0_1.

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Frindte, Wolfgang, and Daniel Geschke. "Stanley Milgram: Obedience to Authority. An Experiment View. Harper & Row: New York 1974, 224 S. (dt. Das Milgram-Experiment. Zur Gehorsamsbereitschaft gegenüber Autoritäten. Rowohlt Verlag: Reinbek bei Hamburg 1974, 256 S.)." In Klassiker der Sozialwissenschaften, 296–301. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-13213-2_68.

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Russell, Nestar. "The Origins and Evolution of Milgram’s Obedience to Authority Experiments." In Understanding Willing Participants, Volume 1, 37–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95816-3_3.

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Gilead, Amihud. "Stanley Milgram’s Experiments and the Saving of the Possibility of Disobedience." In The Panenmentalist Philosophy of Science, 249–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41124-4_14.

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Gibson, Stephen. "From Discourse-as-Action to Action-as-Discourse: Embodied Resistance in Stanley Milgram’s Obedience Experiments." In Discursive Psychology and Embodiment, 33–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53709-8_2.

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"The Milgram Experiment." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 3311. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_6025.

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"Versuche mit Menschen in der Psychologie – Das Milgram-Experiment und die Folgen." In Versuche mit Menschen, 191–219. De Gruyter, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110849738-010.

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Ochs, Holona L., and Andrew B. Whitford. "Milgram Experiments." In Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, 1243–46. Routledge, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/e-epap2-249.

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Ochs, Holona, and Andrew Whitford. "Milgram Experiments." In Encyclopedia of Public Administration and Public Policy, Second Edition (Print Version), 1243–46. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/noe1420052756.ch249.

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Conference papers on the topic "The Milgram experiment"

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Ventura, Gabriel, Carlos Di´az, and Hugo Morales. "Application of a Transfer Function, Obtained by Variation Principles for a Steam Turbine Journal Failure Analysis Based on “DOE” and Optimization Techniques." In ASME 2005 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2005-85044.

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There are many engineering situations where is not necessary to analyze whole domain of a physical model. According with these situations we demonstrate that is possible, with a transfer matrix and variation principles, to obtain an equivalent bilinear form using Lax-Milgram theorem with an orthogonal form applied to turbomachinery. This transfer matrix solves a problem in shorter time than the Traditional DOE-FEA (design of Experiments) (Finite Element Analysis) Method. In this method we consider a solution sub-space that contents generalized forces in a given location and maximum displacements in other location of the same domain, which may cause a failure, Kij = a(vhj*,uhi) is the transfer matrix, with a small range. The coefficients in matrix are obtained by n runs, (where n is the number of variables to be consider), with FEA, applying unitary forces in n directions. With the Traditional DOE-FEA method, FEA runs require great computational efforts because this method shall need 2n runs, on the basis of this fact, this proposal can be 75 and up to 99% (n/2n) shorter in time to obtain the transfer function and apply it into the FEA than the Traditional DOE-FEA method. Analysis in short time helps to confront many fields’ problems. In this paper we will analyze the case of a steam turbine journal, where was possible to find the amount of the limit loads that cause its failure, under prescribed displacements.

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