Relevant bibliographies by topics / The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)"

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Datta, Anusua, and Mikhail Kouliavtsev. "The end of the Multi Fiber Arrangement and the pattern of US apparel trade." Journal of Economic Studies 47, no. 3 (March 31, 2020): 695–710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jes-05-2018-0179.

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PurposeThis paper analyzes the effects of the expiration of the Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA), which ended quota restrictions on US textile and apparel imports in 2005, on the sourcing of US apparel. We test if the realignment in trade following the phase out of quotas can be explained by comparative advantage and market size.Design/methodology/approachWe use a gravity framework to investigate the role of comparative advantage (labor costs) and other factors such as exporter size, PTAs and tariff reductions on the pattern of US apparel imports. Detailed data on quotas by country-product pair are used for the purpose.FindingsOur empirical results show a significant increase in imports from large quota constrained countries once the MFA ended. Moreover, the pattern of trade seems to favor low wage countries that have a comparative advantage in producing apparel, which is highly labor intensive.Originality/valueThe end of quotas removed a major distorting factor in US apparel trade. This study examines the role of trade theory in the changing pattern of apparel imports that followed the end of the MFA. We use a gravity framework to test the theory of comparative advantage and the role of exporter size. Previous studies on the end of the MFA and its effects, do not examine the causal factors behind the realignment of US apparel trade.
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Liaqat, Zara. "The End of Multi-Fibre Arrangement and Firm Performance in the Textile Industry: New Evidence." Pakistan Development Review 52, no. 2 (June 1, 2013): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v52i2pp.97-126.

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Using a sample of 321 textile and clothing companies for the years 1992 to 2010, this paper analyses the effect of quota phase-outs on firm-level efficiency in Pakistan following the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA). It highlights sectoral heterogeneity within the manufacturing industry as a result of MFA expiration. The empirical methodology uses the structural techniques proposed by Olley and Pakes (1996), and Levinsohn and Petrin (2003) in order to take care of endogeneity in the estimation of production functions. The results differ for the two industries: MFA expiration lead to an increase in the average productivity of textile producing firms but a significant reduction in the mean productivity of clothing producers. We offer a number of explanations for this outcome, such as a change in the input and product mix, entry by non-exporters in the clothing sector, and sectoral differences in quality ladders. A number of crucial policy lessons can be drawn from the findings of this study. JEL Classification:F13; F14; D24; C14; O19 Keywords: Multi-Fibre Arrangement, Trade Liberalisation, Productivity, Firm Heterogeneity, Simultaneity and Production Functions, Endogeneity of Protection
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Shihab, Muchsin, and Sudhir K. Jain. "The Preparedness of the Indonesian Garment Exporters in the Post-MFA Scenario: An Analysis from the Survey." Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business 6, no. 3 (September 12, 2004): 383. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/gamaijb.5555.

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The clothing or garments industry has developed rapidly during the past some decades and has contributed to the economic growth of many nations, both developed and developing countries. This industry has been very much regulated by many bilateral agreements such as Multi Fiber Arrangement (MFA), a quota arrangement made by the importing countries. As MFA (quota regime) comes to an end by 2005 and integrates into the WTO regime, it will bring opportunities to highly competitive and proactive garment exporting countries whereas the challenges will be faced more by the less competitive countries. Issues related to environment and social compliance, technology requirements etc. have been brought into surface by the importing countries, which may worsen the condition. Under the above scenario, it is imperative that certain proactive measures be taken. Thus, the broad objective of this study is to analyze the response of the garment exporters from Indonesia towards the emerging issues related to environmental and social compliance, technology requirements etc. The present study is a questionnaire-based study. The samples have been selected from the Directories of largest exporters in the country. With reminders and persuasion, the final number of useable responses has been 115 Indonesian garment exporters. Seven factors of the emerging issues were identified by using factor analysis. In addition, factors of competitiveness, and the strategies adopted by the exporters have also been analyzed. The findings show that the overall perceptions of the Indonesia garment exporters indicate that Indonesia is less competitive as compared to other competing countries.
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Singh, Raghbir, and Lalit Mohan Kathuria. "Problems of Indian Garment Exporters in the Light of Multi-fibre Arrangement (MFA) Phase-out." Global Business Review 7, no. 1 (February 2006): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/097215090500700107.

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Kathuria, Lalit Mohan. "Impact of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) Phase-Out on the Garment Workers of the World." Management and Labour Studies 28, no. 1 (February 2003): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x0302800108.

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“The Multi-Fibre arrangement (MFA) dealing with international trade in clothing and textiles, is being phased out to be in line with WTO rules. This phase out is being seen as favouring developing countries and only criticism focuses on the European countries and USA who are holding up the process. However, if we look at from the point of view of workers rather than countries, a different picture emerges. For workers East and West, North and South this means constant insecurity and deteriorating conditions of work. The Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) could thus become another mechanism through which companies are able to use the agenda of trade at the cost of workers.”
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Munir, Kamal, Muhammad Ayaz, David L. Levy, and Hugh Willmott. "The role of intermediaries in governance of global production networks: Restructuring work relations in Pakistan’s apparel industry." Human Relations 71, no. 4 (October 6, 2017): 560–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018726717722395.

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This article locates the reorganization of work relations in the apparel sector in Pakistan, after the end of the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) quota regime, within the context of a global production network (GPN). We examine the role of a network of corporate, state, multilateral and civil society actors who serve as intermediaries in GPN governance. These intermediaries transmit and translate competitive pressures and invoke varied, sometimes contradictory, imaginaries in their efforts to realign and stabilize the GPN. We analyse the post-MFA restructuring of Pakistan’s apparel sector, which dramatically increased price competition and precipitated a contested adjustment process among Pakistani and global actors with divergent priorities and resources. These intermediaries converged on a ‘solution’ that combined and enacted imaginaries of modernization, competitiveness, professional management and female empowerment, while also emphasizing low costs and female docility. We highlight the intersection of economic, political and cultural dynamics of GPNs, and reveal the gendered dimensions of GPN restructuring. We theorize the role of these actors as a transnational managerial elite in GPN governance, who led a restructuring process that preserved the hegemonic stability of the GPN and protected the interests of western branded apparel companies and consumers, but did not necessarily serve the interests of workers.
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Khalid, Umer. "Opportunities and Challenges for Pakistan in an Era of Globalisation." LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2003): 45–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2003.v8.i1.a3.

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The study analyses the degree of integration of Pakistan’s economy in global trade and financial flows. Pakistan’s integration into the global economy gained momentum in the late 1980s and early 1990s when it adopted more open and liberal policies as part of stabilisation and structural adjustment programmes negotiated with the IMF and World Bank. The paper presents an overview of Pakistan’s economy in the before and after period, it will specifically examine the trade performance from the 1980s onwards to see the progress made towards the integration of the Pakistani economy into the world economy. It will look into the opportunities that Pakistan is likely to gain in a more globalised world, with special focus on the textile and clothing sector and the potential growth in this sector after the abolition of the Multi Fibre Arrangement (MFA) in 2005. New challenges that may emerge in a more open trading environment will also be discussed.
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Wadud, I. K. M. Mokhtarul, and Wahida Yasmeen. "Dynamic comparative advantage and industry characteristics as basis for trade in textiles and clothing." Corporate Ownership and Control 7, no. 1 (2009): 477–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv7i1c4p5.

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This paper examines dynamic comparative advantage in textiles and clothing trade and the country specific factors that explain variations of comparative advantage among the trading nations. Comparative advantages are estimated constructing indices of revealed comparative advantage (RCA) using export shares of textiles and clothing industries over 1981-2005. The estimated RCA indices of absolute and relative change show that while comparative advantage in both textiles and clothing is tilted towards the developing economies, a number of developed high income economies possess comparative advantage over extended periods. In the second stage, RCA indices are regressed against some country specific industry characteristics such as capital/labour ratio, wage rate and industry sizes. The estimated models show significant relationship between comparative advantage and the country characteristics. Results of this study provide evidence of changes in the pattern of comparative advantage in textiles and clothing over the decades when multi fibre arrangement (MFA) type trade restrictions were in place. These evidences have implications for the trading nations in the ongoing liberalised trade regimes.
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Kathuria, Lalit Mohan, and Raghbir Singh. "A Study of Export Marketing and Other Business Practices of Select Garment Exporters." Foreign Trade Review 40, no. 2 (July 2005): 69–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0015732515050205.

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The Apparel industry is one of the largest sources of foreign exchange in the country. India exported garments worth US$6.46 billion in 2003. With the Multi-Fibre Arrangement (MFA) phase-out coming to an end in December 2004, India could be the big winner after China. India has the potential to increase its share from US$6 billion to US$20 billion by 2010. The dismantling of the quota regime presents both an opportunity as well as threat. Export markets will no longer be restricted for want of quotas whereas there looms a threat also, because markets will no longer be guaranteed by quotas. There is a need to devise new strategies, thus moving from cost-based competition to time-based and value-based competition. This paper examines the export marketing and other business practices of apparel exporters situated in Delhi and Ludhiana region. It also highlights the areas which required immediate attention of the owners of the studied units. In addition, the paper identifies the strategies for garment exporters that will help them in increasing their export share.
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Kim, Misu. "Export Competitiveness of India’s Textiles and Clothing Sector in the United States." Economies 7, no. 2 (May 17, 2019): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies7020047.

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We analyzed India’s export competitiveness in the textiles and clothing (T&C) sector in the United States. The T&C industry is traditionally important for the Indian economy due to its significant contribution to export, employment, and industrial production. However, the competition in the global T&C market intensified after the Multi-Fiber Arrangement phase-out in 2005. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the export competitiveness of India’s T&C sector in the U.S., India’s largest export destination and one of the world’s largest consumers of T&C. In this study, we calculated the comparative advantage of India’s T&C based on Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Market Comparative Advantage (MCA), and Comparative Advantage by Countries (CAC). Our analysis shows that India had a comparative advantage in the T&C sector in the U.S. from 1991 to 2017, despite intensified competition in the global market.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)"

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Xia, Yan. "The impact of the removal of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement on textile and cotton trade of the United States and China." Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3311.

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Textiles and apparel trade has been governed by the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA) for three decades. Trade restrictions have generated substantial welfare losses and price wedges in exporting and importing countries through trade distortions. Beginning in 1995, textiles and apparel trade underwent fundamental changes in trade flows and patterns. The World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) aimed to remove all MFA quotas by January 2005. This study established an equilibrium displacement model to investigate the impact on textile and cotton sectors of different countries and country-groups of removing the MFA quota. The model specifies the basic linkages of textile and cotton markets in the United States, China and four other country-groups. With different assumptions about U.S. textile supply elasticity, foreign cotton exporters’ reaction and changes in the U.S. farm program payments, alternative scenarios are simulated to predict changes in domestic and import demand for textiles and apparel, import demand for U.S. cotton, domestic and import price of textiles and apparel, U.S. cotton price and adjusted world cotton price. Uniform distribution was imposed for selected parameters involved in the model to overcome the deficiency of equilibrium displacement models of assuming certainty of known related parameters. Results indicate increased import demand for U.S. cotton by China, higher U.S. cotton supply, more textile and apparel supply from China, decreased domestic demand for U.S. cotton, and lower U.S. domestic demand for textiles and apparel. However, prices of both textile and cotton markets experience both positive and negative changes under different scenarios. Holding other assumptions unchanged, when farm program payments increase, U.S. cotton price and adjusted world cotton price declined. When farm program payments are held constant, prices rise. The changes expected in U.S. cotton price are, in absolute value, greater than those of the adjusted world price.
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Guo, Hao. "GEOGRAPHY, TRADE, AND MACROECONOMICS." UKnowledge, 2017. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/economics_etds/31.

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This dissertation studies the effects of external integration and internal liberalization on the economic geography within a country when regions within the country have different access to the world market. The first paper introduces internal geography into the Melitz (2003) model to examine how external and internal liberalizations affect the economic geography within a country. By dividing a country into a coastal region and an inland region, the model shows that trade leads the coastal region have a higher than proportional share of industry, and causes firms in the coastal region to be larger and more productive than firms in the inland region. Both external and internal liberalizations encourage industry agglomeration in the coastal region. However, external trade liberalization leads to firm divergence, and internal liberalization leads to firm convergence, between coastal and inland regions. This allows me to test the relative importance of internal and external liberalization. Using Chinese data from 1998 to 2007, I find that the manufacturing sector grew faster in the coastal region than in the inland region after the WTO accession in 2001. Firms also converged between coastal and inland regions, indicating that internal liberalization had stronger effects during this period. In the second paper, I document large economic discontinuities across the east/non-east provincial borders in China and argue that the border effects are largely due to preferential policies that give the east advantages in international trade and economic development. Using counties contiguous to the borders of 4 plain provinces, I find that manufacturing activities (output, employment, and export) increase abruptly from the west to the east of the borders. The counties in the east also have a lower share of agricultural population and a higher share of output by foreign firms. The economic discontinuities are larger for non-state sectors than for the state sector and are stronger in non-mountain regions than in mountain regions. The large economic discontinuities are unlikely to be explained by geographic and cultural differences across the borders, and can be accounted for by the policy differences between east and non-east provinces. I find that the openness level and the index of market liberalization can account for a large part of the east/non-east divide. In the third paper, I use the ending of the Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA) to study the effects of an external trade liberalization on Chinese textile and clothing industry. After the Multi-fiber Arrangement ended in 2005, Chinese textile and clothing exports in products that faced quotas before experienced significant boom. The effects are stronger in the coastal region than in the inland region. Using distance to the seaport as a measure of world-market access, I show that the external trade liberalization (the quota removal) had larger effects on regions with better access to the world market. A further analysis of firm entry shows that the large adjustment of export after the expiration of the MFA was largely due to destination and product expansions by existing firms.
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Sehgal, Meeta. "The Multi-Fiber Arrangement in the Loom of North - South Politics." W&M ScholarWorks, 1992. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539625758.

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Dey, Palash-Kishore, and Md-Tawfique-Hasan Sumon. "Effects of the Post Multi-Fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Readymade Garments Sector." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Sektionen för management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-1202.

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The thesis “Effects of the Post Multi-fiber Agreement on Bangladesh Ready Made Garments Sector” is a part of our M.Sc. in Business Administration Program. The thesis paper on this topic is done under the supervision of Mr. Göran Alsén, Professor of Blekinge Institute of Technology (BTH) Ronneby, Sweden. In our country garment industry has been playing most vital role in our national economy, foreign exchange earnings, employment, growth in other sector and most prominently women employment. In the first chapter we tried to focus on the historical background of Multi Fiber Agreement, the growth of Bangladesh Garments Manufacturer and Exporter Association (BGMEA).In 1983 the total members of BGMEA were 143 with narrow export volume but in 2007 we see the total members are 4637.They contribute 75.64% of our total export (BGMEA, 2007). People who are directly involved with this sector became worried because of phase out of quota system from January 2005.But if we observe the current scenario it is very much positive for our national economy. It’s true that competition grew high but at the same time we can say that our garments industry did not lose its market reputation compared to that of other rival competitors like China, India, Sri Lanka, Vietnam etc. It’s very obvious that we have great problem with the backward linkage industry. As a result we are facing huge competition among the competitors. We have to face huge competition with the other competitors as long as we could set up our backward linkage industry. Under these circumstances, our Government is taking necessary steps to remove this problem. It is now simply a matter of time. But we hope we will get rid of this problem very soon. In this thesis paper we have tried to analyze the performance of five different RMG companies and we have also tried to examine the impact of withdrawal of quota system. Based on these five RMG factories we observe that our RMG industry is performing well after Post MFA. In addition, if we look our total exports we see that approximately 74.93% of our total export is from RMG sector. It is very promising sector compared to other export items. Thus we can say that to survive in this competitive sector our RMG sector should take some more necessary steps like improving employee efficiency, ensuring more training facility, emphasizing on backward linkage industry etc. To attract foreign investors these are very important.
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Heidebrecht, Sarah E. "Dependency and development in the garment industry: Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/8614.

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Master of Science
Department of Apparel, Textiles, and Interior Design
Joy Kozar
This study examines colonization, development, and globalization in the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands (CNMI) with respect to the garment industry, the main industry of the islands. A broad-reaching analysis examined population, gender, economic factors, and import/export data in order to explore the repercussions of garment industry development and subsequent decline on the CNMI. A quantitative analysis was conducted utilizing data from the United States Census Bureau, the CNMI's Department of Commerce, and the U.S. Department of Commerce Office of Textiles and Apparel. This research illustrates how the effects of the garment industry in small developing nations are dramatically impacted by a trade arrangement, the Multi-Fiber Arrangement (MFA), which was a protectionist measure used to restrict manufacturing of certain product through a quota system. In addition, this study reveals the economic implications and societal outcomes for the CNMI after the collapse of the garment industry as a result of the 2005 MFA phase-out. Garment production orders shifted to large producer nations once quota restrictions were no longer in place. Factory closures, lost business revenue, and a loss of manufacturing positions affecting predominantly women plagued the CNMI as well as cost-of-living increases. Federalization of the CNMI took place in 2009 which further complicated the islands’ politics and guest worker population status. Tourism is now the CNMI's chief industry although its growth is dismal and heavily reliant upon world economies. A comparison between Mauritius, another small island nation, concludes the discussion with insight on women's development and future considerations for economic growth as a means of development and dependency in the CNMI.
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Nku, Makhala Elizabeth. "Multi-fibre arrangement (MFA) phase out : the case of Lesotho garment industry." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/9998.

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The overarching objective of this study was to establish the extent to which the Multi-Fiber Arrangement impacted on the garment industry of the Kingdom of Lesotho. The quota system which controlled access to the world's biggest textile and clothing markets in the United States (US) and European Union (EU) namely Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA) was incorporated in 1974. Nonetheless, with the thrust towards the increasingly liberal world market, MFA was abolished on 1 January 2005. As a result countries such as Lesotho had to compete on an equal footing with developed countries. Lesotho depends heavily on textile and clothing exports, thus, it is potentially vulnerable to this change in competitiveness. There have been predictions that the garment industry will suffer as a result of quota abolition and spell the end of thousand of jobs. This study was conducted to understand the various implications of Multi-Fibre Arrangement phase out on the Lesotho garment industry. The study first examines the impact of MFA on the economic growth and employment in Lesotho. Then it determines the consequences of MFA phase out on workers and the garment industry, that is, whether this elimination badly affected the industry and workers. Lastly, it establishes if adequate actions or efforts have been undertaken to attenuate potential negative impacts on workers. The results strongly indicate that MFA had contributed enormously to the Lesotho economic growth. The phasing out has led to job losses and disruption in the industry. However, programs have been put in place to mitigate and manage the negative impacts on workers such as providing training to workers with the aim of improving productivity. By the same token, recommendations have been suggested in order to address the impacts, such as to integrate vertically the industry to enhance production times.
Thesis (MBA)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2006.
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Books on the topic "The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)"

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Mirus, Rolf. Frontloading protection: Canada's approach to phasing out the multi-fiber arrangement. Kowloon: Institute of Textiles and Clothing, 1996.

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2

Ronald, Reagan. Veto of H.R. 1562: Message from the President of the United States transmitting his veto of H.R. 1562, a bill to achieve the objectives of the multi-fiber arrangement and to promote the economic recovery of the United States textile and apparel industry and its workers. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Ronald, Reagan. Veto of H.R. 1562: Message from the President of the United States transmitting his veto of H.R. 1562, a bill to achieve the objectives of the multi-fiber arrangement and to promote the economic recovery of the United States textile and apparel industry and its workers. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Reagan, Ronald. Veto of H.R. 1562: Message from the President of the United States transmitting his veto of H.R. 1562, a bill to achieve the objectives of the multi-fiber arrangement and to promote the economic recovery of the United States textile and apparel industry and its workers. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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Ronald, Reagan. Veto of H.R. 1562: Message from the President of the United States transmitting his veto of H.R. 1562, a bill to achieve the objectives of the multi-fiber arrangement and to promote the economic recovery of the United States textile and apparel industry and its workers. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1985.

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6

Library of Congress. Major Issues System, ed. Textile imports under the multi-fiber arrangement. [Washington, D.C.]: Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, Major Issues System, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)"

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Kar, Saibal, and Mausumi Kar. "Multi-Market Firms and Export Quota: Effects of Withdrawal of the Multi-Fiber Arrangement." In India Studies in Business and Economics, 99–113. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2455-6_7.

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"China, Asia, and Labor Standards after the 2005 Multi-Fiber Arrangement." In Asia and the Transformation of the World-System, 105–22. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315635910-13.

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Conference papers on the topic "The Multi-fiber Arrangement (MFA)"

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Beck, Th, H. Alder, G. Bostanjoglo, K. Richter, and H. Weber. "Oscillator-fiber-amplifier arrangement to scale Nd:YAG-lasers in the multi kW-range." In ICALEO® ‘97: Proceedings of the Laser Materials Processing Conference. Laser Institute of America, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2351/1.5059619.

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Samur, Algan, and Alper Erturk. "Two Architectures for Bending-Twisting Flapping Using Macro-Fiber Composites." In ASME 2012 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smasis2012-8160.

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There has been growing interest in the research fields of morphing-wing and flapping-wing aircraft for improved flight efficiency and maneuverability. Recent efforts have focused on the use of smart materials as actuators in biomimetic morphing and flapping. Macro-Fiber Composites (MFCs) are composed of piezoelectric fibers sandwiched between interdigitated electrodes in addition to Kapton and epoxy laminates. The MFC technology offers effective sensing and actuation with its light weight, high flexibility, durability, high performance, and availability in various sizes. Researchers have studied the use of MFCs in structural health monitoring, vibration control, actuation, and energy harvesting. In the last few years, MFCs have been successfully integrated to morphing-wing aircraft by several others. However, there has been limited work on MFC-based flapping wing by dynamic actuation. The flapping-wing flight is more beneficial than conventional flight at relatively small scales due to its high maneuverability. Biological flapping-wing flyers incorporate different wing motions such as dynamic bending, twisting, and folding to create asymmetry for positive lift and thrust resultants. This paper experimentally characterizes the electroelastic dynamics and power consumption of two MFC-based architectures for bio-inspired flapping. The first configuration employs an asymmetric wide bimorph architecture with 0° and 45° piezoelectric fibers to have an actuation authority in bending and twisting. The second configuration uses a double bimorph arrangement made of two narrow bimorphs with 0° fibers with a chord-wise spacing to create both bending and twisting depending on the relative actuation inputs. Both of the bending-twisting architectures considered herein are tested over a wide range dynamic actuation levels and frequencies to characterize the electroelastic response. In addition to measuring the power consumption levels in dynamic bending and twisting, flexible solar films are investigated as the light-weight multifunctional substructure layers that can create both lift surface and electricity toward the concept of self-powered flapping.
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Koch, Ryan G., Alkiviadis Tsamis, Antonio D’Amore, William R. Wagner, and David A. Vorp. "A Custom Image-Based Analysis Tool for Quantifying Elastin and Collagen Fiber Micro-Architecture in the Wall of the Human Aorta From Multi-Photon Microscopy Images." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14482.

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The two primary load-bearing components of the connective fiber micro-architecture of aorta are the proteins elastin and collagen. The structure of elastin and collagen fibers is important to support the proper function of the aorta, and alteration of the quantity and/or arrangement of these fibers can lead to mechanical and functional changes associated with aortic disease. Therefore, an adequate quantification of the micro-architecture of elastin and collagen fibers in the aortic wall would provide insight into the influence of micro-architecture on the biomechanical response of the aorta in health and disease.
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Tang, Tsz Ling Elaine, Songtao Xia, Peter Rop, Steven de Wispelaere, Ramesh Subramanian, and Bernd Koos. "Multi-Physics Topology Optimization for Thermal-Flow Problems Applied to Additively Manufactured Heat Exchangers." In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-60336.

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Abstract Heat exchangers are often subjected to increasing demands on their efficiency with a reduced volumetric footprint. With the advancement in additive manufacturing technologies, topology optimization can be a viable strategy to derive novel designs to improve product performance. Topology optimization has been vastly investigated in the past few decades for structural designs. In this presentation, a thermo-flow topology optimization workflow was developed for heat exchanger applications which performs a multi-physics analysis (e.g. with coupled flow dynamics and heat transfer). In the thermo-flow topology optimization workflow, thermo-flow solver in STAR-CCM+ was utilized to evaluate thermal and flow performance metrics. Adjoint sensitivity was computed with the adjoint solver based on a defined objective function. The adjoint sensitivity was then used as an input to a method of moving asymptotes (MMA) optimizer to identify new designs. This integrated workflow is demonstrated through the design optimization for application to heat exchangers with single phase fluids in a dual flow arrangement. The multi-physics topology optimization enables objectives of different physics to be evaluated in a single optimization run. The major complicating factor compared to earlier optimization work on the gas turbine components, is the dual flow character of the problem that requires optimization on both sides of the heat exchanger. Future efforts on several individual flows involved in the heat exchange problem, as well as single phase versus two-phase flow phenomena will be discussed.
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5

Lee, Kuan-Wei, and Kuang C. Lin. "Aerosol Particle Impaction on Fiber Arrays in a Flow Stream Using a Lattice Boltzmann Model." In ASME 2014 12th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with the ASME 2014 4th Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2014-21691.

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Transport of aerosol particles is of great interest for theory and applications of fibrous filters. Understanding how to design better filters can help for future implementation in the areas of air cleaning and air conditioning. The aim of this paper is to present a 2-D computational model of particle-laden flows over staggered fibers at a Reynolds number of 100 using a Lattice Boltzmann method. A Lagrangian analysis is used to predict the particle impaction on a multi-fiber filter. After an initial validation of the model, the characteristic of particle impaction on fibers in staggered arrangements is then examined as a function of the particle size from 10 nm–20 μm. Each particle in gas-rich dilute phase is transported under the action of the drag, Saffman lift, gravity and Brownian forces. The number of particles impacting each fiber is locally examined. In addition, we investigate the effect of fiber geometry on the characteristic of particle impaction. These results also highlight the range of particle dimensions where the impaction can be affected by the arrangement of fibers placed in the filter.
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Rahman, Mosfequr, Saheem Absar, F. N. U. Aktaruzzaman, Abdur Rahman, and N. M. Awlad Hossain. "Effect of Ply Stacking Sequence on Structural Response of Symmetric Composite Laminates." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-37217.

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In this work, the effect of ply stacking sequence on the structural response of multi-ply unidirectional fiber-reinforced composite laminates was evaluated using finite element analysis. The objective of this study was to develop a computational model to analyze the stress response of individual plies in a composite laminate for a given stacking sequence. A laminated composite plate structure under tensile loading was modeled in ANSYS. Stress profiles of the individual plies were obtained for each lamina. An Epoxy matrix with both unidirectional Graphite and Kevlar fibers was considered for the model. Three dimensional sectioned shell elements (SHELL181) were used for meshing the model. Several sets of stacking sequences were implemented, symmetrical to the mid-plane of the laminate. Symmetric stacking configurations of 6 layers stacked in ply angles of [0/45/-45]s, [0/60/-60]s, [0/45/90]s, and an 8-layered arrangement of [0/45/60/90]s were modeled for the analysis. The layer thickness was maintained at 0.1 mm. The results were compared against an analytical model based on the generalized Hooke’s law for orthotropic materials and classical laminate theory. A numerical formulation of the analytical model was implemented in MATLAB to evaluate the constitutive equations for each lamina. The stress distributions obtained using finite element analysis have shown good agreement with the analytical models in some of the cases.
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