Dissertations / Theses: 'The New Economic Mechanism'

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Carolissen, Monita. "Implementing the New Parnership for Africa's Development (NEPAD) :a study of the Economic and Corporate Governance Initiative (ECGI)." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2009. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_8820_1297408380.

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In this mini-thesis, I explore the New Partnership for Africa&rsquo
s Development&rsquo
s (NEPAD) Economic and Corporate Governance Initiative (ECGI). I argue that although this initiative is not the only means to, nor the end of determining whether the NEPAD is being implemented, the ECGI can be used as a good indicator of whether one important dimension of the NEPAD is implemented. I establish whether, through an analysis of the ECGI, that dimension of the NEPAD is being implemented by looking at the countries where the ECGI was implemented. I maintain the position that through the NEPAD, good governance in African countries is promoted and that is why the authors of the NEPAD document created the ECGI.

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2

Dietrich, M. D. "The decentralisation of decision making : A corporate analysis of the Hungarian New Economics Mechanism." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371192.

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3

Watt, Robert. "The moral economy of carbon offsetting : ethics, power and the search for legitimacy in a new market." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-moral-economy-of-carbon-offsetting-ethics-power-and-the-search-for-legitimacy-in-a-new-market(8bfa845b-b944-4c38-acaf-b6043b16c2d3).html.

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Carbon offsetting has been an institutionalised response to climate change for over a decade. Over this period, climate change has become more severe and calls for climate justice have become increasingly insistent. Yet the normative controversies of carbon offsetting remain unresolved, as debates about the environmental quality, development impacts and ethical implications of carbon offsetting continue. This thesis explores the relationship between morality and carbon offsetting in three domains. First it provides an evaluation of the ethics of offsetting. Second it gives an account of the 'lay normativity' of the market, describing how carbon market actors interpret and act upon issues of moral concern. And third, it explains offsetting's moral economy. First, the thesis examines the moral rationales for and problems of offsetting in order to clarify the bases of criticisms levelled at offsets by researchers concerned about trends in neoliberal environmental governance. In evaluation of the ethics of offsetting, the PhD recognises some limited rationales, but mainly highlights widespread problems including lack of environmental integrity and failure to produce 'sustainable development'. The structure of the market is shown to create opportunities for malpractice and difficulties for reform. Second, building on work in cultural political economy, the research describes carbon offsetting's lay normativity. The account is based on interviews with over sixty carbon offset market actors including project developers, consultants, auditors, regulators, retailers and buyers in the UK, continental Europe, and in India. Findings show that the market is founded on ethical principles: offsetting is nothing without notions of environmental and developmental care. Critiques of, and reforms to, offsetting are also grounded in principled debate. But carbon market actors often use their power to further commercial interests that are not aligned with production of environmental or developmental value. And yet, even as rationales are ignored and problems are amplified, market actors maintain a discursive semblance of moral behaviour through forms of justification, story-telling and identity work. Third, the thesis explains how principles, profit and power combine to affect the governance of offsetting. It shows that the concentration of power among profit-seeking actors drives the production of offsetting's moral problems in the stages of project development, regulation and retail. Commercial interests in the politics of knowledge lead to manipulation of the discursive framings through which people come to understand offsets. Ethical narratives are deployed to sustain the market in states of dysfunction, enabling privileged groups to gain exchange value at the expense of climate protection and sustainable development. Through this explanatory work, the PhD contributes an original application of ideas about moral political economy to the case of climate change and carbon trading, demonstrating that powerful actors can shape culture and alter our perceptions of right and wrong.

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4

Makalima, Babalwa. "A critical assessment of the role of women in the implementation of the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) exercise in Western Cape 2007." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2010. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5351_1307525332.

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This study seeks to assess the level of women&rsquo
s participation and involvement in the promotion of effective governance during the African Peer Review Mechanism (APRM) implementation exercise in 2007, which was endorsed by the APRM Western Cape Province. The interest of the study arises from the concept of &lsquo
good governance&rsquo
and how the implementation of such a concept is carried out in the rendering of public services, specifically the role of women in rendering public service in the Western Cape Province, South Africa.

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5

Korda, Jan. "Nerovnováha na peněžním trhu v teorii endogenních peněz." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2007. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-77856.

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The thesis deals with monetary disequilibrium in the theory of endogenous money. In the new consensus economics, money is endogenous and passive. Money market is not considered and if yes, then only in an implicit equilibrium, whereas mechanisms ensuring this equilibrium are not discussed. In post-Keynesian economics, there is an explicit discussion, whether monetary disequilibrium may occur. Horizontalists argued for equality of money supply and money demand. On the other hand, arguments of some structuralists based on an independent demand for money function show that monetary disequilibrium may occur. The thesis therefore analyses mechanisms ensuring equilibrium in the money market. The only mechanism among them which enables the passivity of money is the reflux mechanism. However, it can not be regarded as universal since not all economic subjects which create demand for money are in debt to the banking system. For that reason accommodation of some factors of money demand function is necessary and money is endogenous and active. Econometric tests studying independent money demand and the consequent possibility of monetary disequilibrium based on Granger causality tests seem to be methodologically problematic and showing mixed results. Monetary disequilibrium can not be ruled out. Contemporary monetary policy based mainly on new consensus approach thus omits one channel of monetary policy transmission. Theoretical analysis suggests that monetary equilibrium has to be (at least partly) restored through changes in factors of money demand, which can lead to changes of other macroeconomic variables including inflation.

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6

Sanada, Kie. "Symbolic Violence via the Principle of Equality of Opportunity: The mechanism of persisting structure of social inequality in a village community in contemporary Japan." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18395.

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Diese Dissertation demonstriert, inwiefern historisch gewachsene Strukturen sozialer Hierarchie in einer Gemeinschaft aufrechterhalten werden, während sie zugleich unterschiedliche legalisierende Rechtfertigungen und rechtlich vertretbare Erscheinungsbilder angenommen haben. Im ersten Kapitel zeige ich, dass das zeitgenössische egalitäre Prinzip der Chancengleichheit (FEO) und seine Anwendung, im Zusammenspiel mit Meritokratie, dazu führt, dass aufgrund sozialer Hierarchien existierende Unterschiede über die Zeit hinweg in politisch legitimierbare sozioökonomische Ungleichheiten übersetzt werden. Ich nähere mich dem zugrunde liegenden Mechanismus der weiterbestehenden Ungleichheit durch die Verwendung von Bourdieus Theorie der symbolischen Herrschaft und Gewalt. Er erklärt, dass auf der Grundlage der Meritokratie individuelle soziale Positionen als direkte Folgen individueller Leistungen missverstanden werden und so die Existenz sozialer Ungleichheit gerechtfertigt wird. Der Glaube an fairen sozialen Wettbewerb kann demnach dazu beitragen, existierende Strukturen sozialer Hierarchien hinter der Logik von Gleichheit und Freiheit zu verdecken. Ein Fischerdof in Japan stellt die empirische Grundlage meiner Thesis dar. Die alles überspannende Forschungsfrage lautet: Ist das Konzept vom Leben, eingebettet in FEO internalisiert und wird es von Individuen befolgt, um die existierenden Strukturen sozialer Ungleichheit der Gesellschaft zu bewahren, in der sie leben? Meine empirische Studie zeigt, dass die schon in der feudalen Ära mächtigsten Familien auch jetzt die höchsten sozialen Positionen innerhalb des Gemeinschaftsbildungsprojekts innehaben. Zudem verkennen sowohl die mächtigsten als auch die marginalisiertesten Bewohner des Dorfes ihre soziale Position innerhalb der Gemeinschaft als direkte Resultate ihres individuellen Handelns und ihrer daraus entstehenden Leistungen, haben dabei aber keinerlei bewusste Intention die feudale Machthierarchie aufrecht zu erhalten.
This doctoral research demonstrates how the structures of social hierarchy of the past have been perpetuated while acquiring different justifications and appearances in a legally justifiable manner. In the first chapter, I demonstrate that the commonly used egalitarian principle in today’s society, namely Fair Equality of Opportunity, hand in hand with meritocracy, functions as a translator of the existing structures of social hierarchy into politically justifiable disparities between individuals. I approach the un-derlying mechanism of persisting inequality by using the theory of symbolic domination proposed by Pierre Bourdieu. He explains that the existence of social inequality is justified because individual social positions are misrecognised as being the direct results of individual achievements via meritocracy. Widespread belief in fair social competition can thus contribute to concealing existing structures of social hierarchy behind the logic of equality and freedom. My thesis is empirically based on a rural fishing village in Japan. The overarching research question is: Is a concept of life as being the direct result of personal achievements internalised and acted upon by individuals to perpetuate the existing structure of social inequality in the society in which they live? My empirical study shows that the families that were powerful during the feudal era now occupy the highest social positions in the community-building project. Furthermore, both the powerful and the marginalised members of the local society accept their social positions in the community as being the direct results of their own individual achievements, without any conscious intention to perpetuate the feudal hierarchy of power. Given these affirmative answers to my research question, hermeneutically, I establish the explanatory power of my theoretical framework.

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7

Godoy, Sara Gurfinkel Marques de. "O Protocolo de Kyoto e os países em desenvolvimento: uma avaliação da utilização do Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-21112011-233304/.

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Com base na Nova Economia Institucional, o foco desta pesquisa foi o de identificar os custos de transação existentes nos projetos de MDL (Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo) e investigar se eles são barreiras para o desenvolvimento do projeto, e se podem afetar a eficiência de projetos já implantados. Mais especificamente, foram analisadas as variáveis que afetam as diferenças entre as reduções de emissões estimadas nos projetos de MDL e as reduções realmente verificadas (Sucesso de Redução - SR), depois do projeto implantado e monitorado. A fim de cumprir esse objetivo, esta pesquisa contou com levantamento de dados secundários relativos aos projetos de MDL realizados em todo o mundo, e dados primários relativos aos projetos brasileiros de MDL. A análise das informações mostrou que os países mais relevantes em número de projetos são Índia, China, Brasil, mas este ranking se altera dependendo da variável analisada (por exemplo, volume de emissão reduzida ou estimada). Os setores mais relevantes em volume de redução são de HFC, N2O, mas este perfil se altera quando analisado o número de projetos, ficando em primeiro lugar biomassa, hidroelétrica e energia eólica. Em relação ao SR, a maior parte dos projetos não apresenta eficiência satisfatória. No entanto, em volume de reduções a maior parte dos projetos cumpre mais que 91% de SR. Os setores mundiais mais eficientes são N2O e HFC (Brasil N2O e troca de energia fóssil), e os setores de resíduos sólidos e agricultura (Brasil, agricultura e resíduos sólidos) são os menos eficientes. Finalmente, esta pesquisa conclui que custos de transação afetam o sucesso da redução de MDL, e os mais importantes são os custos ex-ante, resultantes de problemas de falhas de informação (como, por exemplo, problemas com as organizações que intermedeiam o processo dos MDLs) e problemas de mensuração (problemas relacionados com metodologias dos MDLs).
Based on the New Institutional Economics, the focus of this research was to identify transaction costs in CDM projects (Clean Development Mechanism) and investigate if they can affect project efficiency, and also if they create project development barriers. More specifically, this research analyzed the variables that could affect the differences between CDM estimated emission reduction projects and actual reductions obtained (Reduction Success - RS) after the project has been implemented and monitored. To fulfill this goal, this research included a secondary global CDM projects data survey, and primary data survey related to Brazilian CDM projects. Data analysis showed that the most important countries in terms of number of projects are India, China, Brazil, but depending on the variable analyzed (for instance, emission reduction volume) this ranking could change. The most relevant sectors in emission reduction volume were HFCs, N2O, but this would change when we analyze number of projects, where biomass would come first, followed by hydroelectric and wind energy. When considering RS, most projects do not show satisfactory performance. However, in terms of emission reductions amount, most of the projects achieve more than 91% RS. The most efficient sectors in the world are HFC and N2O (in Brazil, N2O and fossil fuel), and the least efficient sectors are solid waste and agriculture (in Brazil, agriculture and solid waste). Finally, this research concludes that transaction costs affect the success of CDM reductions, and the most relevant are ex-ante costs, resulting from information problem gaps (these problems relate to parties involved in the CDM process) and measurement problems (CDM methodologies).

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8

Parco, James Edward. "Two-person bargaining under incomplete information: An experimental study of new mechanisms." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/279929.

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New theoretical developments and recent experimental studies involving the sealed-bid k-double auction mechanism for bilateral bargaining under incomplete information have raised new questions about procedures that induce efficient bargaining behavior and about the applicability of extant adaptive learning models. It is now generally accepted that a theory of bargaining behavior for individuals who typically do not meet the stringent assumptions about common knowledge of rationality cannot be complete without systematic empirical investigations of the properties of the various mechanisms that structure bargaining. The aim of this dissertation is to critically explore the extent to which efficient bargaining outcomes can be achieved while dynamically accounting for individual behavior across repeated play of the game. In the first study, an endogenous bonus is introduced into the baseline single-stage game. Although theoretically doing so induces truth-telling behavior for both players, the experimental data provide very limited support. In the second study, the baseline game is extended by incorporating an additional, costless period of bargaining, thereby giving players an increased opportunity to reveal information about their respective reservation values. The data show that subjects quickly learn not to reveal information about their private valuation despite the increased opportunity to bilaterally improve efficiency. Finally, the third study investigates behavior sensitivity to variation in the trading parameter, k. Instead of following the historical precedent of setting k = ½, extreme values of k are invoked in an asymmetric information environment endowing a player with exclusive price-setting power. Although theoretical analysis suggests that expected profits for a seller (buyer) decreases (increases) in k, experimental results show that under conditions of dramatic information asymmetry, the observed share of the surplus is much smaller for the player with price setting power if countered with an information disadvantage resulting in poor support of the LES. Furthermore, the price setting power effectively counters the information disparity advantage demonstrated in previous studies. Results from a previously proposed reinforcement-based adaptive learning model not only demonstrate robust applicability across studies but also the model's ability to account remarkably well for the dynamics of play across iterations of the stage game.

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9

Byrne, Paul. "Economic rationalism : the new right and new wrongs /." Title page, index and introduction only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AR/09arb9953.pdf.

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10

Jhee, Byong-Kuen. "Economic voting in new democracies." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4442.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2006.
The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file (viewed on April 27, 2009) Vita. Includes bibliographical references.

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11

Leite, Vasco Leitão Carvalho Gomes. "Essays on New Economic Geography." Tese, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/45958.

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Leite, Vasco Leitão Carvalho Gomes. "Essays on New Economic Geography." Doctoral thesis, Faculdade de Economia da Universidade do Porto, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10216/45958.

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13

Chiu, Pit-lap Philip. "New stock delisting mechanism in HK." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31954662.

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Chiu, Pit-lap Philip, and 趙必立. "New stock delisting mechanism in HK." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31954662.

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Cai, Yang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Mechanism design : a new algorithmic framework." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82344.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-175).
A modern engineering system, e.g. the Internet, faces challenges from both the strategic behavior of its self-interested participants and the inherent computational intractability of large systems. Responding to this challenge, a new field, Algorithmic Mechanism Design, has emerged. One of the most fundamental problems in this field is How to optimize revenue in an auction? In his seminal paper [Mye81], Myerson gives a partial solution to this problem by providing a revenue-optimal auction for a seller who is looking to sell a single item to muLtiple bidders. Extending this auction to simultaneously selling multiple heterogeneous items has been one of the central open problems in Mathematical Economics. We provide such an extension that is also computationally efficient. Our solution proposes a novel framework for mechanism design by reducing mechanism design problems (where one optimizes an objective function on "rational inputs" ) to algorithm design problems (where one optimizes an objective function on "honest inputs"). Our reduction is generic and provides a framework for many other mechanism design problems.
by Yang Cai.
Ph.D.

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16

Long, Yan. "Essays on robust mechanism design." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7472/.

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Chapter 1: Under the average common value function, we select almost uniquely the mechanism that gives the seller the largest portion of the true value in the worst situation among all the direct mechanisms that are feasible, ex-post implementable and individually rational. Chapter 2: Strategy-proof, budget balanced, anonymous, envy-free linear mechanisms assign p identical objects to n agents. The efficiency loss is the largest ratio of surplus loss to efficient surplus, over all profiles of non-negative valuations. The smallest efficiency loss is uniquely achieved by the following simple allocation rule: assigns one object to each of the p−1 agents with the highest valuation, a large probability to the agent with the pth highest valuation, and the remaining probability to the agent with the (p+1)th highest valuation. When “envy freeness” is replaced by the weaker condition “voluntary participation”, the optimal mechanism differs only when p is much less than n. Chapter 3: One group is to be selected among a set of agents. Agents have preferences over the size of the group if they are selected; and preferences over size as well as the “stand-outside” option are single-peaked. We take a mechanism design approach and search for group selection mechanisms that are efficient, strategy-proof and individually rational. Two classes of such mechanisms are presented. The proposing mechanism allows agents to either maintain or shrink the group size following a fixed priority, and is characterized by group strategy-proofness. The voting mechanism enlarges the group size in each voting round, and achieves at least half of the maximum group size compatible with individual rationality.

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17

Wang, Chian-Yue. "Spatial agglomeration of economic activity and the new economic geography." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648389.

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18

Dahlqvist, Jonas. "Assessing New Economic Activity : Process and Performance in New Ventures." Doctoral thesis, Jönköping : Jönköping International Business School, Jönköping University, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-646.

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Alves, Yony Brugnolo. "Uma abordagem institucional do mecanismo de desenvolvimento limpo: o caso da suinocultura da pequena propriedade rural." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2009. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2256.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T18:33:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yony Brugnolo Alves.pdf: 1066625 bytes, checksum: 2ce17eca98b273fd4822609801962531 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-07-21
The intensification of the related problems to the greenhouse have in recent decades called the attention and committed efforts of the civil society to the treatment of this serious context resulting from the man acts. From this environmental concern, social and development, it was ratified in February 2005 the Kyoto Protocol, whose premise is the creation of trade market mechanisms that allow industrialized countries a significant reduction of pollutants gases emissions in nature. Under the subjects covered by the Kyoto Protocol, it is pointed out the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and the establishment of a market of carbon credits. In this scenario, developing countries can participate in this market selling carbon credits to countries which have outstanding responsibility in the emission of harmful gases to the environment. However, the institution of the carbon credits market and the establishment of the CDM require an institutional framework to rule, according to the language adopted by the New Institutional Economy, the "rules of the game . Opportunely, this research investigates the institutional aspects of this scenario and the conditions to rule the CDM projects in Brazil, highlighted the main bureaucratic and sometimes, technical barriers, that hinder or even prevent the entry of Brazilian companies in the international carbon credit market. The discussions, analysis and findings presented address the institutional constraints and the estimates about the gains that can be obtained from the CDM, having as a case study a swine farm located in Toledo, a city located in west of Paraná - Brazil. The found results indicate that, partially, the institutional environment of the carbon credits market is not sufficiently clear to the extent of encouraging the entry of Brazilian firms in this context, and the constant changes that occur therein confuse the economic agents. Furthermore, it is observed that the execution of a CDM can bring gains of technical, economic, social and especially environmental order.
A intensificação de problemas relacionados ao Efeito Estufa tem, nas últimas décadas, chamado a atenção e mobilizado esforços da sociedade civil e organizada no mundo todo para o tratamento desse grave contexto resultante da ação do homem. Essa preocupação de abrangência ambiental, social e de desenvolvimento, levou em fevereiro de 2005, à ratificação do Protocolo de Quioto, cuja premissa é a criação de mecanismos de mercado que viabilizem aos países industrializados uma relevante redução na emissão de gases poluentes na natureza. Dentre as matérias contempladas pelo Protocolo destaca-se o Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (MDL) e a instituição de um mercado de créditos de carbono. Nesse cenário, os países em desenvolvimento podem participar vendendo créditos de carbono aos países que têm destacada responsabilidade na emissão de gases nocivos ao meio ambiente. Todavia, a instituição do mercado de créditos de carbono e a instauração do MDL exigem um arcabouço institucional para reger, conforme a linguagem adotada pela Nova Economia Institucional, as regras do jogo . Oportunamente, a presente pesquisa investiga os aspectos institucionais desse cenário e as condições que regulamentam os projetos de MDL no Brasil, apontado as principais barreiras burocráticas e por vezes, técnicas, que dificultam ou até mesmo inviabilizam o ingresso das empresas brasileiras no mercado internacional dos créditos de carbono. As discussões, análises e constatações apresentadas abordam as limitações institucionais e as estimativas acerca dos ganhos que podem ser obtidos a partir do MDL, tendo como estudo de caso uma granja suína situada na cidade de Toledo, região oeste do Paraná Brasil. Os resultados encontrados apontam que, em partes, o ambiente institucional do mercado de créditos de carbono não está suficientemente claro a ponto de incentivar o ingresso das empresas brasileiras nesse contexto, e as constantes modificações que nele ocorrem confundem os agentes econômicos. Por outro lado, é observado que a montagem e execução de um MDL podem trazer ganhos de ordem técnica, econômica, social e principalmente ambiental.

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20

Manzano, Castro Marc. "New robustness evaluation mechanism for complex networks." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/295713.

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Network science has significantly advanced in the last decade, providing insights into the underlying structure and dynamics of complex networks. Critical infrastructures such as telecommunication networks play a pivotal role in ensuring the smooth functioning of modern day living. These networks have to constantly deal with failures of their components. In multiple failure scenarios, where traditional protection and restoration schemes are not suitable because of the quantity of resources that would be required, the concept of robustness is used in order to quantify just how good a network is under such a large-scale failure scenario. The aim of this thesis is to, firstly, investigate the current challenges that might lead to multiple failure scenarios of present day networks and, secondly, to propose novel metrics able to quantify the network robustness.
La ciència de les xarxes (o network science) ha avançat significativament en l'última dècada, proporcionant coneixement sobre l'estructura subjacent i la dinàmica de les xarxes complexes (o complex networks). Infraestructures crítiques com xarxes de telecomunicacions, juguen un paper fonamental per garantir el bon funcionament de la vida moderna. Aquestes xarxes han de lidiar constantment amb fallades dels seus components. En escenaris de fallades múltiples, on els esquemes de protecció i restauració tradicionals no són adequats degut a la gran quantitat de recursos que serien necessaris, el concepte de robustesa (o robustness) s'utilitza per tal de quantificar com de bona és una xarxa quan es produeix una fallada a gran escala. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és, en primer lloc, investigar les amenaces actuals de les xarxes d'avui en dia que poden portar a escenaris de fallades múltiples i, en segon lloc, proposar nous indicadors capaços de quantificar la robustesa d'aquestes xarxes.

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21

Reutelingsperger, Christiaan Peter Maria. "Vascular anticoagulant a new physiological anticoagulant mechanism /." Maastricht : Maastricht : Rijksuniversiteit Limburg ; University Library, Maastricht University [Host], 1987. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=5366.

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22

Akram, Mohammed. "Bonding mechanism in a new refractory castable." Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/9647/.

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23

Boukouras, Aristotelis. "Three essays on mechanism design and institutions." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2011. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/55434/.

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This thesis is concerned with both mechanism design and political economy issues. The first chapter examines the conditions under which information aggregation (through an appropriately designed mechanism) can solve hidden-types (also commonly referred as adverse selection) problems. The remaining two chapters adopt a contract theory approach in order to explain prominent institutions of many contemporary political regimes. Chapter two provides a theory on why laws, which restrict the freedom of private parties to commit on certain transactions, may actually be beneficial for increasing social surplus and promoting economic growth and how the evolution of these laws interacts with the process of economic development. Finally, chapter three examines the issue on how the separation between the legislative and the executive branch of a government can complement political competition in order to achieve an efficient provision of public goods.

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24

Zhang, Qi. "Applied game theory and optimal mechanism design." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2014. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/370438/.

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This thesis applies game theory to study optimal toehold bidding strategies during takeover competition, the problem of optimal design of voting rules and the design of package bidding mechanism to implement the core allocations. It documents three different research questions that are all related to auction theory. Chapter 2 develops a two-stage takeover game to explain toehold puzzle in the context of takeover. Potential bidders are allowed to acquire target shares in the open market, subject to some limitations. This pre-bid ownership is known as a toehold. Purchasing a toehold prior to making any takeover offer looks like a profitable strategy given substantial takeover premiums. However actual toehold bidding has decreased since 1980s and now is not common. Its time-series patter is centred on either zero or a large value. Chapter 2 develops a two-stage takeover game. In the first stage of this two-stage game, each bidder simultaneously acquires a toehold. In the second stage, bidders observe acquired toehold sizes, and process this information to update their beliefs about rival's private valuation. Then each bidder competes to win the target under a sealed-bid second-price auction. Different from previous toehold puzzle literature focusing on toehold bidding costs in the form of target managerial entrenchment, this chapter develops a two-stage takeover game and points another possible toehold bidding cost - the opportunity loss of a profitable resale. Chapter 2 finds that, under some conditions, there exists a partial pooling Bayesian equilibrium, in which low-value bidders optimally avoid any toehold, while high-value bidders pool their decisions at one size. The equilibrium toehold acquisition strategies coincide with the bimodal distribution of the actual toehold purchasing behaviour. Chapter 3 studies the problem of optimal design of voting rules when each agent faces binary choice. The designer is allowed to use any type of non-transferable penalty on individuals in order to elicit agents' private valuations. And each agent's private valuation is assumed to be independently distributed. Early work showed that the simple majority rule has good normative properties in the situation of binary choice. However, their results relay on the assumption that agents' preferences have equal intensities. Chapter 3 shows that, under reasonable assumptions, the simple majority is the best voting mechanism in terms of utilitarian efficiency, even if voters' preferences are comparable and may have varying intensities. At equilibrium, the mechanism optimally assigns zero penalty to every voter. In other words, the designer does not extract private information from any agent in the society, because the expected penalty cost of eliciting private information to select the better alternative is too high. Chapter 4 presents a package bidding mechanism whose subgame perfect equilibrium outcomes coincide with the core of an underlying strictly convex transferable utility game. It adopts the concept of core as a competitive standard, which enables the mechanism to avoid the well-known weaknesses of VCG mechanism. In this mechanism, only core allocations generate subgame perfect equilibrium payoffs, because non-core allocations provide arbitrage opportunities for some players. By the strict convexity assumption, the implementation of the core is achieved in terms of expectation.

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Yao, Ning. "BRICS cooperation mechanism and its impacts on global economic governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2015. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3335238.

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Luckhurst, Jonathan. "Problematising New Labour's discourse on 'economic globalisation'." Thesis, University of Essex, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435587.

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Douglas, Jason G. "Towards a New Currency of Economic Criticism." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2008. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/1466.

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“The Purloined Letter,” Edgar Allan Poe's third and final tale featuring the detective Dupin, has evoked a long history of critical response. Criticism has tended to read the text for its role in the development of detective fiction and as illustrative of various theoretical positions. However, the implications of the “The Purloined Letter,” as a tale of ratiocination, has largely been left unexplored. “The Purloined Letter” explores logical processes of value and exchange, particularly economic exchange, in a manner very similar to what Charles Sanders Peirce will call pragmatism several decades later. Dupin's deductive methods and Peirce's abductive logic express the nature of objects in terms of social systems of preference and perception rather metaphysics. Peirce's classification of signs as icon, index, or symbol provides a framework of signification which can be read in conjunction with “The Purloined Letter” to flesh out the role of materiality and value in the theory of economic criticism. Reading value and exchange as part of a social system of signs, perceptions, and representations of value will serve to expose a penchant for material fetishism in economic criticism and provide a theory of currency, value, and exchange that contextualizes representational and material notions of value within the social and economic system that provides the processes and mechanisms of value determination. The way that the Prefect, the Minister D___, and Dupin each conceptualize the purloined letter as having a different representational relationship with value can be used to demonstrate Poe's abductive framework for economy.

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Hedberg, Ann-Sofie. "Economic evaluation of old and new locomotives." Thesis, KTH, Spårfordon, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-203819.

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Like any other business, a train operator is expected to make a profit and to make that profit as large as possible. The transportation market is highly competitive and it is therefore hard to increase the price of the transportation service. In order to maintain the profit margins focus needs to be on keeping the costs down. Therefore, in this thesis the cost side of freight train operation will be investigated. The main focus will be on the costs inflicted by the choice of locomotives. Locomotives are expensive and the capital cost usually makes up a significant portion of the total cost. It can therefore be tempting to buy older locomotives with lower capital cost. However, even though reducing the capital cost, using older locomotives might inflict other costs, such as higher maintenance costs. The aim of this thesis is to find the main cost drivers in freight train operation that is related to the choice of locomotive and to use that information to build a software tool that calculates if using old or new locomotives is more cost efficient for different scenarios. In order to identify the different factors that affect the cost of the railway operation, interviews were conducted with experts in different railway transportation fields. To complement the information from the experts, a literature survey was performed. Also, statistical data of the actual costs related to different locomotives was used. It was found that capital cost, energy, maintenance and repair, planning and administration, delays, infrastructure and drivers were important factors that affect the cost. Whether it is more cost efficient to use old or new locomotives depends mainly on the transportation service that should be provided. The marginal cost per kilometre is lower for new locomotives, however their capital cost is higher. This makes modern locomotives more suitable for transportation tasks that require that the locomotive runs long distances every year, whereas older locomotives are more suitable when shorter transportations are needed. Since the newer locomotives have higher tractive force and better slip control they can pull heavier trains. Therefore, depending on the mass of the train, fewer new than old locomotives can be used to pull the trains. In those cases it will be more cost-efficient to use new locomotives.
Precis som alla företag förväntas tågoperatörer att gå med vinst och helst ska vinsten vara så stor som möjligt. Transportbranschen är en starkt konkurrensutsatt marknad och det kan därför vara svårt att höja priset på transporttjänster. För att kunna behålla vinstmarginalen är det därför viktigt att fokusera på att hålla kostnaderna nere. I detta arbete har därför kostnader för att bedriva godstågsverksamhet undersökts. Fokus har varit på kostnader uppkomna på grund av valet av lokmodell, gamla lok jämfört med nya. Lok är dyra och kapitalkostnaden utgör därför vanligtvis en betydande del av den totala kostnaden. För att sänka kapitalkostnaden kan det därför vara lockande att köpa äldre lok. Även om äldre lok vanligtvis medför lägre kapitalkostnader finns risken att de för med sig andra kostnader, såsom högre underhållskostnader. Målet har varit att identifiera de huvudsakliga kostnadsfaktorerna som härrör sig till valet av lok samt att använda denna information till att konstruera ett datorverktyg som räknar ut vilket lok som är mest kostnadseffektivt vid olika transportuppdrag. För att identifiera faktorerna som påverkar kostnaden för att bedriva godstågsverksamhet utfördes intervjuer med experter inom olika järnvägsrelaterade områden. För att komplettera informationen från experterna utfördes även en litteraturstudie. Utöver detta användes statistisk data om de faktiska kostnaderna som hänförde sig till de olika loken. Undersökningen gav att kapitalkostnad, underhåll, energi, planering och administration, förseningar, infrastruktur och förarkostnader var de huvudsakliga kostnadsfaktorerna. Huruvida det är mest kostnadseffektivt att använda nya eller gamla lok beror främst på vilket transportuppdrag som ska utföras. Marginalkostnaden per kilometer är lägre för nya lok, å andra sidan är kapitalkostnaden högre. Detta medför att nya lok är lämpliga för transportuppdrag där loket går långa sträckor medan äldre lok är bättre lämpade för kortare transportuppdrag. Då de nya loken som undersökts kan ge en högre dragkraft och har bättre slirreglering än de äldre loken kan de användas till att dra tyngre tåg. Därför, beroende på tågvikten, kan i vissa fall färre nya än gamla lok användas för att dra tågen. I dessa fall är det mer kostnadseffektivt att använda nya

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Billiard, Julia. "New stimulators and a new mechanism of regulated secretion in pituitary gonadotropes /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10544.

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Saenz, Delgado Santos. "Environmental economic regulations and innovative capability| The clean development mechanism." Thesis, Instituto Tecnologico y de Estudios Superiores de Monterrey (Mexico), 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3585551.

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This dissertation takes on the debate of whether environmental economic regulations hamper or incentivize firm performance, aside from their objectives of pollutant reductions. Research has shown mixed results regarding this matter. This dissertation proposes that the reason for these mixed results is the omission of the capacity of individual firms to assimilate and respond to these regulations, regarded here as signals from the economic and institutional environment. These signals from the environment come in the form of technological change as environmental economic regulations impose limits to the products, processes or services, which are pollutant intensive, or provide pollutant reduction technologies. Therefore the capacity that firms must possess in order to respond to these signals from the environment must be technology related. It is proposed here that the innovative capability can allow for firms to respond, in a performance increasing way, to these signals from the environment, as it entails the capacity of developing or adopting new technologies.

The theoretical approach that this dissertation follows is to frame the economic environmental regulations under a classical regulatory framework, with the diverse mechanisms such as taxes, caps-and-quotas, and subsidies which are regarded as economic environmental regulations, and as signals external to the firm, which act upon it. The innovative capability will be addressed under the resource-based view and dynamic capabilities approach, as this research is under a strategic management perspective. Here the innovative capability is regarded as part of a firm's dynamic capabilities, and it is the means through which firms can assimilate and respond to changes in the environment. Performance relates to the outcomes of the interaction between environmental economic regulations and the innovative capability, and it is expected that the previously mentioned interaction has an effect over the firm, whether it can be beneficial or not, regarding market access or expansion, or earnings/revenues. In the present research project performance is taken as the efficiency rate, and the earnings/revenues of a project of the Clean Development Mechanism or CDM under the Kyoto Protocol (UNFCCC 2013). The institutional environment will be addressed from North's (1990) new institutional economics perspective of institutional theory, which highlights the capability for firms being moderated or mediated by the external environment and vice versa.

To operationalize environmental economic regulations this dissertation will reach out to the aforementioned Kyoto protocol, an international agreement for emissions reduction. These emissions reductions are achieved through various mechanisms that allow for different entities to reduce their said emissions, separated by what the Protocol has called commitment countries of the Annex I; and non-Annex I countries with no quantitative commitments. The clean development mechanism (CDM) is one of these mechanisms and it is targeted at firms located in countries of the Kyoto protocol that have no reduction commitments, all of which are emerging economies. The CDM provides firms with pollutant reduction technologies that allow them to transform their pollutants into less harmful emissions, while yielding carbon credits with which they can further trade. These technologies differ in their degree of innovativeness, and each project chooses which technology it will be implementing. The innovative capability dimension will be operationalized as the capacity of firms to select and implement projects with high innovativeness levels. Performance will be operationalized as the particular efficiency rate of each CDM project included in the sample. This is a ratio between the expected and the real number of carbon credits yielded by each CDM project. It also might be reflected in economic variables such as the revenues generated by the project which is the difference between the investment of the project and the revenues obtained from the sale of the carbon credits. The CDM allows for analyzing a single environmental economic regulation across different countries, regarded here as different institutional environments. The effect of these different institutional environments on CDM projects will be assessed by analyzing the effect of their different characteristics, such as country's abatement potential, institutional capacity, investment climate, and geographical or regional characteristics. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)

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Girao, La Rosa Juan Carlos. "Economic labor arbitration as a conflicts resolution mechanism in Peru." THĒMIS-Revista de Derecho, 2018. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/123858.

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The amount of labor law arbitrations has significantly increased through the last years. This has concurred with a legal modification that establishes specific causes for facultative arbitration.In this paper, the author analyzes this normative change while clarifying the polemics over its juridical nature and inquiring about its future effects regarding labor relationships disputes resolution.
En los últimos años se ha incrementado de manera notable el número de arbitrajes laborales. Esto ha coincidido con la promulgación del Decreto Supremo 014-2011-TR, que modifica el Reglamento de la Ley de Relaciones Colectivas de Trabajo especificando causales de procedencia específicas para el arbitraje potestativo.En el presente artículo, el autor analiza esta modificación normativa esclareciendo las polémicas en torno a su naturaleza jurídica e indagando sobre sus efectos a futuro en la resolución de disputas relativas a relaciones laborales.

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Stef, Nicolae. "Four essays on the bankruptcy mechanism : legal and economic aspects." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014STRAB014.

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Les quatre chapitres de cette thèse analysent la manière selon laquelle les différents aspects du droit de la faillite influencent les résultats économiques d’une procédure de faillite notamment le degré de recouvrement de la dette des créanciers. Le premier chapitre montre que les lois sur les faillites présentent des conditions différentes de vote de créanciers en fonction de leur origine légale telle que : l’origine anglaise, l’origine française, l’origine allemande et celle nordique. Le second chapitre soutient que l’utilisation nationale de la procédure de réorganisation est favorisée par des processus moins stricts d’acceptation. Le troisième chapitre montre que les systèmes Est-Européens de faillite offrent une protection plus forte des créances garanties que dans le cas de créances publiques. Une concentration plus élevée de la dette diminue les taux de recouvrement en cas de la procédure de liquidation. Les estimations confirment l'existence de deux effets d'interaction entre les classes de créanciers Est-Européens: l'effet d'entraînement et l'effet de rivalité. Le dernier chapitre propose un modèle théorique qui prédit que les débiteurs ont des fortes incitations à proposer aux créanciers de plans de réorganisation avec un partage sous-Optimal de coûts quelque soit l'orientation de l'environnement juridique de la faillite y compris une orientation pro-Créancier ou une orientation pro-Débiteur
This thesis analyzes the influence of various aspects of bankruptcy law on the economic outcomes of bankruptcy proceedings, mainly the amounts of the debt recovered by claimants. First, we show that bankruptcy laws settle different voting conditions of creditors according to their legal origin, i.e. English origin, French origin, German origin, and Nordic origin. Second, the national use of reorganization procedures seems to be favoured by less strict approval processes. Third, we find that the Hungarian, the Polish, and the Romanian bankruptcy systems provide stronger protection of the private secured claims than the public ones. A higher concentration of the claims also decreases the total recovery rates produced by the liquidation procedure. Our estimations confirm the existence of two interaction effects between the claimants, i.e. the ripple effects and the rivalry effects. Fourth, we developed a theoretical model that predicts that debtors have strong incentives to submit reorganization plans with suboptimal cost sharing regardless of the orientation of the bankruptcy environment, i.e. creditor-Friendly or debtor-Friendly

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Giuliodori, Massimo. "Essays on the transmission mechanism of monetary policy." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1562/.

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Chapter 1: The monetary version of the sticky price intertemporal model of Obstfeld and Rogoff (1995, 1996), in which unexpected and expansive monetary shocks unambiguously generate a permanent nominal exchange rate depreciation and a temporary current account surplus, is outlined. After discussing some extensions of the basic model and verifying the lack of robustness of the main theoretical predictions to the introduction of alternative assumptions, the chapter provides an empirical investigation of the role of nominal disturbances for current account and real exchange rate fluctuations within a structural VAR approach for 15 OECD countries over the period 1979-1998, using the long-run restriction identification scheme suggested by Clarida and Gali (1994). The main empirical findings suggest that nominal shocks tend to have a significant role in generating temporary current account surpluses and that these effects are proportional to the degree of openness of the country. Chapter 2: Housing systems, as a major sector of industrialised economies, might have profound effects on the transmission mechanism of monetary shock. Despite a progressive convergence, however, EU countries still differ significantly in their housing and credit market institutions. This chapter provides a theoretical discussion of the ‘housing market’ channels of the monetary transmission mechanism (MTM) and offers some evidence on institutional differences across EU countries. Using recursive and semi-structural VARs, the role of house prices in the MTM is then assessed in eight European countries over the pre-EMU period. Results show a different degree of sensitivity of house prices, partly consistent with the institutional features of the European housing systems. The importance of these policy-induced changes in house prices to the transmission of monetary shocks to private consumption are then investigated. The chapter provides some support for the view that the house price channel may be an important source of MTM to consumption in those economies where housing and mortgage markets are relatively more developed and competitive. Chapter 3: This chapter extends the existing cross-country housing empirical literature focusing on the main fundamental factors affecting house price dynamics in a number of ways. First, through the implementation of seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) techniques and heterogeneous panel estimation methods, it is shown that European house prices are asymmetrically affected by real and financial variables. Subsequently, using a recent dataset, which collects quarterly information on housing and mortgage markets of EU countries, separate house price equations are estimated within an unrestricted error correction mechanism (ECM) approach for eleven European economies over the period 1980-2001. Results show that European house prices are driven by similar factors, but that their relative importance differs very significantly across countries. In particular, while real income is this single most important determinant of real house prices, financial effects play a relatively more important role in those countries that experienced a higher degree of financial liberalisation.

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Maier, Gunther, and Partick Lehner. "Does Space Finally Matter? The Position of New Economic Geography in Economic Journals." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2001. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6099/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2001_01.pdf.

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This paper presents an empirical analysis about the position new economic geography plays in economics. In a theoretical review we discuss recent developments in economics, like new trade theory, endogenous growth theory, and new economic geography and analyze their implications for spatial structure. The paper presents the basic components of these theories and points out their commonalties. This shows that all these theories are based on assumptions that lead to spatial structure, i.e. differences in the spatial allocation of economic activities. In the empirical investigation we use the Social Science Citation Index to analyze citations of seminal contributions in various types of journals and the rate with which geographical content appears in economic journals. As we show, spatial topics still play only a marginal role in economics. Economists it seems are still reluctant to accept the spatial implications of their own theoretical models.
Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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Stanca, Luca. "Business cycle asymmetries and the financial propagation mechanism." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1999. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1506/.

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This dissertation presents the results of an investigation into the nature and causes of aggregate economic fluctuations. It comprises four essays, analysing the following topics: - Chapter 1 investigates the main features of business cycles in Italy in historical perspective (1861-1995). The essay reconsiders the assumption that business cycles are all alike, complementing the search for time domain regularities with a classical analysis of individual cycles and phases. It also provides formal tests, for ten industrialized countries, of various aspects of the representative cycle hypothesis. The results show that there is substantial heterogeneity in individual cycles and phases in terms of duration, amplitude, and co-movements between variables, and that such heterogeneity is generally statistically significant. - Chapter 2 reports the results of an empirical investigation of business cycle asymmetries in the Italian economy. Macroeconomic time series, both long run annual and post-war quarterly, are investigated to test for the presence of non-linearity and cyclical asymmetry. The dynamics of recessions and expansions are then modelled with threshold autoregressive and Markov-switching models. The essay shows that allowing for two regimes can be sufficient to account for the finding of neglected non-linearity, and concludes that business cycle asymmetries provide both an intuitive economic interpretation and a parsimonious representation of non-linearities in macroeconomic time series. - Chapter 3 applies models of explicit distribution dynamics to company account data for a panel of U.S. manufacturing firms, to investigate the dynamics of the cross-section distribution of firms' financial positions and its interactions with aggregate activity. The dynamics of different parts of the leverage distribution are found to contain significant predictive information for aggregate investment growth. The distribution dynamics reveal substantial intra-distribution mobility, although there is little evidence of significant interactions with aggregate economic activity. Intra-distribution mobility is higher for small than for large firms, and displays asymmetric patterns across business cycle phases. - Chapter 4 investigates the dynamic interaction between financial conditions and investment decisions by estimating and testing vector autoregressions on company account panel data for U.S. manufacturing firms. The results show that indicators of liquidity and solvency contain significant predictive information for investment at firm level. There is also evidence of both sectional and time heterogeneity: the role played by financial factors is significantly more important for highly leveraged than for low-debt firms; capital market frictions are shown to have asymmetric effects, displaying a larger impact in contractions than in expansions. Overall, the evidence supports the hypothesis that capital market imperfections have an important role in explaining aggregate cyclical dynamics.

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Wong, Brehnen. "The Bayesian economic agent as a mechanism for asset-price bubbles." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2008. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1460791.

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Villar, Frexedas Óscar. "Crisis and financial contagion: new evidences and new methodological approach." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/393933.

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Thesis consists of three empirical studies focusing on financial crisis, which base on different definitions of financial contagion definitions and use of methodological approaches. The first chapter defines contagion focusing on the channels of transmission of the crisis and uses the implementation of spatial econometrics as a mechanism for assessing contagion. Unlike the other methodologies used, spatial econometrics allows for an expression of the transmission mechanisms of crisis under explicit dynamic-spatial assumptions. The second and third chapters consider the definition of “shift-contagion”, a definition that is extremely useful to measure and test contagion. The second chapter follows a strategy based on the specification of an approximate factor model and assesses the presence of “shift-contagion” considering the presence of structural breaks in the variance of the common factors. The third chapter analyses the presence of “shift-contagion” using a new integration procedure that is robust to the main econometric problems of the financial time series, i.e., the lack of accounting for heteroscedastic variance.
La tesis consiste en tres estudios empíricos que enfocan la crisis financiera, que se basan en las definiciones diferentes de definiciones de contagio financieras y empleo de accesos metodológicos. El primer capítulo define el contagio que enfoca los canales de transmisión de la crisis y usa la puesta en práctica de econometría espacial como un mecanismo para evaluar el contagio. A diferencia de otras metodologías la econometría usada, espacial permite para una expresión de los mecanismos de transmisión de crisis bajo suposiciones explícitas dinámicas espaciales. Los segundos y terceros capítulos consideran la definición "de shift-contagion", una definición que es sumamente útil para medir y probar el contagio. El segundo capítulo sigue una estrategia basada en la especificación de un factor aproximado modela y evalúa la presencia "de shift-contagion" que considera la presencia de roturas estructurales en la discrepancia de los factores comunes. El tercer capítulo analiza la presencia "de shift-contagion" que usa un nuevo procedimiento integrador que es robusto a los problemas principales econométricos de la serie de tiempo financiera, p. ej., la falta de contabilidad para la discrepancia heteroscedástica.

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Ward, C. "Russian cotton workers and the new economic policy." Thesis, University of Essex, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.371188.

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Mora, Peter L. "Economic development functions of New Jersey community colleges." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/53591.

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Community colleges, especially in New Jersey, have been recognized as having an important role in the human resource development area of economic development. However, neither the literature nor state policy in New Jersey include a clear definition of the specific functions community colleges should have in economic development. Furthermore, current research does not include consensus on appropriate funding sources for functions in which community colleges could be involved. The purpose of this study was to determine the priorities among economic development functions of the community college as viewed by community college leaders, leaders of business and nonprofit organizations, and economic development specialists in New Jersey. These leader groups also identified how costs for these functions should be apportioned among three funding sources: the state/county; the organization; and the participant/student. Leader group views were obtained through a mail survey using a questionnaire developed for this study. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Spearman Correlation Coefficient. Major findings of the study include: 1. Leader groups displayed a moderate degree of consensus concerning importance ratings and rankings of functions. The data also revealed a high degree of agreement on the selection of a primary funding source for functions. 2. Community colleges providing job training and vocational and career counseling for unemployed persons were the most highly rated functions in the study. 3. Three functions concerning community college involvement in providing training for employees of local organizations were also rated highly: tailoring credit courses for supervisory personnel; providing certificate programs; and providing basic skills training. 4. Having the community college provide credit courses and workshops for small business leaders/entrepreneurs was also selected as an important function by all leader groups.
Ed. D.

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Talami, Stefano. "Reactivity and mechanism in a new silicon mediated rearrangement." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.311827.

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Kamdzhilov, Yavor. "A new photoremovable protecting group : synthesis and reaction mechanism /." Basel : [s.n.], 2006. http://edoc.unibas.ch/diss/DissB_7677.

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Sunke, Phani Kanth. "A new asynchronous checkpointing/recovery mechanism for cluster federations /." Available to subscribers only, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1400971261&sid=4&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Burgess, Stuart Clyde. "Development studies of a new one-way clutch mechanism." Thesis, Brunel University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.235911.

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Ahmed, Hossam Eldin Mohammed Abdelkader. "Investigating the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Egypt." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2013. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4287/.

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This thesis investigates the transmission mechanism of monetary policy in Egypt in the last four decades. To achieve this, five empirical studies are included in this thesis. The consumer‟s expenditure is estimated in Chapter 3, while the investment expenditure under uncertainty is estimated in Chapters 4. Furthermore, the results of these two chapters paved the way to the next chapters, the interest rate channel, chapter 5, and the bank lending channel, Chapter 6. Moreover, Chapter 7 devoted to estimate the exchange rate channel under the regime shift. However, Chapter 2 provides all the required discussion about the economic policies and developments in the Egyptian economy for the purpose of this thesis. The time series econometrics is used in all of these chapters. The unit root tests, the Engle-Ganger two-step cointegration approach, the bounds tests, and GARCH models are used in Chapters 3 and 4. However, unit root tests, the VAR models, Granger-causality, the impulse response function, variance decomposition, the Johansen‟s cointegration, and the VECM are used in Chapters 5, 6, and 7. The results of these chapters assert the existence of the channels of monetary transmission mechanism in Egypt between 1975 and 2010.

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Fingleton, Bernard, and Manfred M. Fischer. "Neoclassical theory versus new economic geography. Competing explanations of cross-regional variation in economic development." WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/3955/1/SSRN%2Did1111590.pdf.

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This paper uses data for 255 NUTS-2 European regions over the period 1995-2003 to test the relative explanatory performance of two important rival theories seeking to explain variations in the level of economic development across regions, namely the neoclassical model originating from the work of Solow (1956) and the so-called Wage Equation, which is one of a set of simultaneous equations consistent with the short-run equilibrium of new economic geography (NEG) theory, as described by Fujita, Krugman and Venables (1999). The rivals are non-nested, so that testing is accomplished both by fitting the reduced form models individually and by simply combining the two rivals to create a composite model in an attempt to identify the dominant theory. We use different estimators for the resulting panel data model to account variously for interregional heterogeneity, endogeneity, and temporal and spatial dependence, including maximum likelihood with and without fixed effects, two stage least squares and feasible generalised spatial two stage least squares plus GMM; also most of these models embody a spatial autoregressive error process. These show that the estimated NEG model parameters correspond to theoretical expectation, whereas the parameter estimates derived from the neoclassical model reduced form are sometimes insignificant or take on counterintuitive signs. This casts doubt on the appropriateness of neoclassical theory as a basis for explaining cross-regional variation in economic development in Europe, whereas NEG theory seems to hold in the face of competition from its rival. (authors' abstract)

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Masruri, Muzahet. "Malaysian privatization : its impact on public finance, efficiency, economic growth and the new economic policy." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296359.

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Chien, Woan-Shiuan, and 簡菀萲. "The New gTLD Distribution Mechanism: An Analysis from the Perspective of Law and Economics and Property Theory." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5evs8t.

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碩士
國立交通大學
科技法律研究所
105
The New gTLD Program initiated by The Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN) allows applicants to become the Registry Operator of a certain Top-Level Domain Name of the applied string.The number of applications reached 1930 during the first round of this program and expected to cause severe impact on the domain name industry which once only existed 22 gTLDs and over 300 ccTLDs. On the premise of domain names, no matter Top Level or Second Level, are valuable resources and should be distributed efficiently to reach efficiency of economics, this article wish to address the issue of whether the distribution mechanisms of Top Level and Second Level domain names have reached “allocative efficiency”, or have reached it indirectly by minimized the” transaction cost” after the New gTLD Program launched in 2011.Based on the aforementioned analysis, this thesis will provide recommendations on related domain names policies to ICANN and the government. This thesis concludes that though there is no classic monopoly effect of under-producing, whether the high application fee is reasonable or falls into a monopoly price still needs further analysis.Moreover, the rights protection mechanisms such as TMCH under this program had effectively eliminated the negative externalities arisen from the floods of cybersquatting as expected and made the distribution of Top Level and Second Level domain names close to allocative efficiency.Nevertheless, this article recommends applicants of generic strings in Top Level should make registration available to the public, and auction generic names in Second Level. ICANN should research on methods to reduce the operation cost of rights protection mechanisms in order to reduce transaction cost of this market, and exclude the market failure factors to promote allocative efficiency.

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Uxa, Šimon. "Jugoslávský model socialismu jako inspirace pro ekonomické reformy 60. let 20. století v NDR, ČSSR a Maďarsku." Master's thesis, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-332052.

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This dissertation - The Yugoslavian model of Socialism as possible inspiration for economic reforms of the sixties in the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Hungary - deals with the topic of creating certain modifications and specific features of the economic systems within the Eastern Bloc. The so called Yugoslavian experiment, which had developed in the Balcan state from the times of the Soviet-Yugoslavian rift of the late forties of last century, was, in fact, considered to be the only alternative to the predominant, directively centralized Soviet model for several years. It was in the sixties when many Eastern Bloc states, which practically hitherto copied the Soviet economic model, attempted to implement economic reforms which would assisst in eliminating disadvantages of the current economic system, and thus to stabilize and streamline the economic development. It is quite natural that for searching new possibilities and incentives, the Yugoslavian self-governing model represented one of potential inspiring ways how to reform the often nonfunctional economic systems. The main purpose of the dissertation is to show how the planners of economic reforms in the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia and Hungary recfleted the Yugoslavian model tested in practice, and to which...

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Cheng, Han-Yang, and 鄭翰陽. "Economics model of no net loss policy in wetland compensation mechanism." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85317271538127952196.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
104
Wetland ecosystems, being one of the three main ecosystems, possess multiple ecological values and functions, although they cover less than 6% of all the terrestrial area on Earth. “Wetland Conservation Act,” promulgated in 2012, came in force in 2015, with people of all walks of life anticipating that this Act will retain its legislative intent- “wise use” and “wetland ecological conservation.” Chapter Five in the Act focuses on the vital principles of wetland development avoidance, impact mitigation, ecological compensation, et cetera, except that criteria for further operations and detailed enforcement rules are still far from reaching a consensus due to the intricacies of wetlands. This paper conducts further research on regulations pertaining to “no net loss” concept in “Wetland Conservation Act” by constructing a model based on economic theories. Based on optimization in economic theory and static analysis, it first covers the analysis on utilizing pecuniary or substantial compensation of wetland mitigation through partial equilibrium analysis. It then discusses wetland mitigation coverage under spatial heterogeneity through general equilibrium analysis. As the result indicates, when the number of people influenced by wetland development is extremely large, substantial compensation should be the most suitable method, surpassing pecuniary compensation. Additionally, if “utility” is the only thing considered and “direct environmental value” is omitted during evaluation, the ecological value of a wetland will be underestimated. Finally, when spatial heterogeneity exists in a wetland, supposing the effects of ecological isolation in the mitigation wetland are more than those of the native wetland, the wetland ecological quality will consequently enhanced as its distance with the center of mitigation wetland increases.

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Yeh, Yui-Chong, and 葉昱宗. "A New E-Voting Mechanism." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12074007411239352199.

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碩士
國防大學
資訊管理學系
103
The popularity of the Internet has altered the traditional way of life and behavioral patterns. Indeed, while the Internet has brought great convenience, it has also highlighted numerous issues for network security. Taking e-voting as an example, many countries are committed to the development of e-voting, which would help societies reduce the amount of resources allocated for traditional elections. In reality, e-voting systems can be classified into three paradigms: mix-type, homomorphic tallying and blind signature-based, but security evaluation is the issue we never complete. This research thus examined the mechanism that would accord a more efficient and secure design for the e-voting system, which would also take into account the immediacy of proxy voting as well as the need to ensure voters’ anonymity. This study proposed a paradigm using blind signatures, which does not require the use of complicated zero knowledge proofs. Meanwhile, we exploited the properties of proxy blind signature to complement the lack of blind signature. However, most literatures, exploring the signature mechanisms of electronic elections, only addresses research and technology pertaining to the single voting scheme and single blind signature mechanism. Further, these electoral processes typically exploited only blind signature, rather than enhance the design of confidentiality. In cases where multiple votes are cast simultaneously by a single voter, thereby requiring various ballots to be signed electronically, both the processing speed of the server as well as the voting procedure would be greatly compromised. This research focused on the implementation of the Elliptic Curve Cryptosystem and its capacity to generate computations rapidly as its foundation. The properties of blind signature and proxy signature in proxy blind signature are engaged to facilitate the signcryption of multiple ballots simultaneously. It further harnessed the avalanche effect in the design of encryption to increase the difficulty of deciphering ciphertext than former research. In conclusion, these designs, which enhance the overall efficiency and security of the e-voting system, would be applicable to a future e-voting mechanism that features multiple and varied polls.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The New Economic Mechanism'

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