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Journal articles on the topic 'The New Economic Mechanism'
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1
Bunich, P. G. "The New Economic Mechanism and Credit Reform." Problems in Economics 31, no. 8 (December 1988): 80–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/pet1061-1991310880.
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Fu, Hongchun. "Economic Bionics." Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 5, no. 1 (January 1994): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02601079x9400500102.
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“Economic bionics” connotes that bionic methods are used to describe and explore economic science and economic operation with reference to life science and life movement. There are three kinds of mechanisms that function in economic operations. The ecological mechanism denotes economic operation as an ecological system which follows the law of energy conservation and decay; the physiological mechanism specifies the smallest activity unit and the most basic functional unit in economic operation; and the psychological mechanism suggests that different levels of economic operation need different levels of control. Economic bionics will provide a new way of thinking for both economic theory and practice.
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Tymoshenko, Olena, and Оlena Trokhymets. "MECHANISM OF BEHAVIOURAL ECONOMICS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-221-225.
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The purpose of the article. The article covers the mechanisms of behavioural economics introducing into the state policy of the country. This problem becomes especially relevant in modern conditions as people tend to make unreasonable economic decisions. The purpose of this paper is to research the irrational motives of individuals’ behaviour in making economic decisions and to determine the measures for introducing the mechanisms of behavioural economics in the state policy of Ukraine. Methodology. The survey is based on the analysis of the scientific papers of the following scientists in economics: A. Smith, K. Marks, J. Bentham, M. Weber, J. Schumpeter, A. Marshall, J. Keynes, H. Simon, H. Becker, V. Smith, D. Kahneman, A. Tversky, Richard H. Thaler, G. Akerlof, R. Shiller; on the empirical analysis and on the analysis of the behaviour economic instruments. The objective of the article is the survey of irrational motives of human behaviour during the decision-making process in economic conditions, to determine the influence of the irrational motives on social and economic development and to develop measures and activities for implementation of behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The subject of the article is theoretical and methodological aspects of the behavioural economics mechanisms in the state policy. The results. The research in the article shows and explains the main trends of the behavioural studies in the modern condition, in particular: behavioural finance, behavioural game theory, the problem of making a choice in time, prospect theory. One of the examples of Herding behaviour shown in the article is the peculiarities of behavioural aspects of financial markets. Special attention is given to the “nudge theory” used by the leading countries. Behavioural economics possess the instruments, which maintain the decent living of the population and sustainable social and economic situation in the society. The results of research represent that the behavioural peculiarities of the society together with the interaction with the state policy result in the distrust of the society to the authority’s representatives. Besides, the low-income level of the population leads to the predominance of survival values in the society, while in the highly developed countries, the values of self-expression dominate. It is proposed to implement behavioural economics mechanisms in state policy of Ukraine while making economic decisions. Conclusions. Due to the new trends in economic development such as informatization, and digitalization, new ways of the economic behaviour of the population take place. One of the key aspects is the psychological approach to the decision-making process in the economic environment. Thus, behavioural economics becomes of great importance in modern society.
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Poruchnyk, Anatolii, Anatoliy Kolot, Pawel Mielcarek, Yaroslava Stoliarchuk, and Denys Ilnytskyy. "Global economic crisis of 2020 and a new paradigm of countercyclical management." Problems and Perspectives in Management 19, no. 1 (March 26, 2021): 397–415. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.19(1).2021.34.
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The new quality of globalization, which has emerged in the last decade and encompasses drastic changes in the economic, political and technological spheres, gives rise to a number of phenomena that violate the traditional logic of historical progress. One of them is the metamorphosis of the world economic cyclicity that emerged during the global 2020 economic crisis and led to a radical change in its nature, driving forces and regulatory mechanisms. The paper reveals the prerequisites for the crisis caused by traditional and emerging factors and proves its pandemic nature, which manifests itself, on one hand, in the synchronization of national business cycles, and on the other – in the integrative mutual influence of its political, institutional and environmental components. It has been proven that a particularly destructive role in the global regulatory mechanism was played by the “overlap” in space and time of the economic crisis and the health crisis provoked by the coronavirus pandemic. This requires an urgent systematic reform of global countercyclical management institutions based on a gestalt paradigm, which is qualitatively different in principles, goals and tools from the existing mechanisms for managing national economies and multinational enterprises. Scenario forecasts of the post-pandemic future of the world economy through overcoming the growing disintegration and deglobalization trends are outlined.
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Bunea, Rareș Vlad, and Lucian T. Butaru. "The Social Branch: A New Mechanism for Economic Justice." On-line Journal Modelling the New Europe, no. 30 (September 25, 2019): 103–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/ojmne.2019.30.06.
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Kovnir, V. N., and O. D. Kuznetsova. "New Economic Policy – Practical Experience of Creating a New Socio-Economic Model." Vestnik of the Plekhanov Russian University of Economics, no. 4 (July 21, 2021): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21686/2413-2829-2021-4-14-25.
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The article describes the stages and main activities carried out in the framework of the new economic policy (19211927) are considered. The place and role of NEP in the economic history of Russia, despite the past 100 years, are still following discussion issues. In particular, the question of the impact of a new economic policy on the formation of a mixed economy in developed capitalist countries in the second half of the 20th century was relevant. In the 1920s, an economic system was built in Russia in Russia, which can be developed as a mixed economy, which has proven its flexibility and effectiveness in solving the most complicated economic tasks. The article analyzes the experience of NEP based on the use of the methodology of institutional theory. The activities of the authorities during this period were aimed at the adaptation of old institutes, skills, mentality of the population in the conditions of a tight deficit of all resources to new requirements, primarily in the economy. The importance of the tasks facing the tasks and the limited time released by history to their decision determined the choice of a rigid totalitarian style of economic management and society, which did not allow to reveal the potential capabilities of the ECAP economic mechanism.
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Biuković, Ljiljana. "The New Face of CEFTA and its Dispute Resolution Mechanisms." Review of Central and East European Law 33, no. 3 (2008): 257–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/092598808x262641.
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AbstractAmendments made to the Central European Free Trade Agreement (CEFTA) in 2006 mark significant developments in the economic integration of the Western Balkans. Among those amendments were changes to the Agreement's dispute resolution mechanism. This article analyzes the latest developments in economic integration in the Western Balkans and examines the nature and operation of the dispute resolution mechanisms used in CEFTA. Explanations for important changes to the dispute settlement process in CEFTA are suggested by examining the context of the members' economic, political, social and legal surroundings. The article surveys ongoing tendencies in the development of dispute resolution mechanisms in other regional trade agreements, in particular those utilized by the European Union (EU), as a means of exploring the rationale behind the new CEFTA. It argues that the EU practice—developed in EU association agreements with third countries—has inspired the 2006 amendments to the CEFTA dispute resolution mechanism.
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Reshetnikova, Elena Gennadievna. "Economic accessibility of food in the context of a new global challenge." LAPLAGE EM REVISTA 7, Extra-C (June 21, 2021): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24115/s2446-622020217extra-c988p.72-77.
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The article deals with the study of the mechanism ensuring the economic accessibility of food, substantiating the areas for improving its most important blocks associated with the transformation of state revenue and tax policy, and the development of market mechanisms forming affordable prices for food products. The study aimed to substantiate the ways to adapt the mechanism ensuring the economic accessibility of food in the context of the new global challenge associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors have considered the theoretical, methodological, and institutional aspects of ensuring the economic accessibility of food through state support of consumer demand in the context of declining actual revenues, increasing unemployment, and problems in the field of small business caused by the impact of a new global challenge.
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Gareev, T., V. Zhdanov, and G. Fedorov. "New Economy of Kaliningrad Region." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 2 (February 20, 2005): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-2-23-39.
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Since 1991 the regime of the free (since 1996 - of the special) economic zone has been in effect in Kaliningrad region. The regime has considerably determined the economic development of the region. Before 1998 drastic recession had affected traditional industries as well as construction and agriculture and most of the service industries. But after 1998, as the Russian economy began to recover from the crisis and the Russian market started to expand, the aforementioned economic regime led to high rates of production growth and to the development of a new regional economy oriented at import substitution and servicing foreign economic relations. At present, when the region has turned into an enclave within the European Union, and the "zonal" mechanism is being questioned, a threat of new drastic breakage of the established economic structure emerges, followed by unavoidable negative social consequences. The ways of modernization of the regional economic mechanism based on the improvement of the law on the Special Economic Zone are analyzed in the article.
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You, Yucong. "New orientation of study on economic psychology and behaviour." Translational Neuroscience 10, no. 1 (May 21, 2019): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tnsci-2019-0015.
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Abstract Economic psychology refers to the impact of psychological factors on economic changes, and its outward manifestation is economic behaviour. Psychology, as a science studying human psychology and behaviour, has no reason to ignore the study of economic activities. This study summarizes the latest research results and conclusions of economic psychology from three aspects of behaviour level, body signal and other people’s movement or displacement. In addition, it expounds the reflection of economic psychology, the reflection of rational human hypothesis of traditional economics and the prospect of future research. From the perspective of economic psychology, it is of great significance to analyse the psychological motivation behind the conflicts and interests in the study of economic psychology and behaviour so as to construct the harmonious behaviour relationship of “psychological contract” on the basis of the rational mechanism of interest distribution.
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Vdovenko, Nataliia, Viktoriia Baidala, Nelya Burlaka, and Anna Diuk. "Management mechanism of agrarian economic system: composition, functions and factors of development in Ukraine." Problems and Perspectives in Management 16, no. 2 (May 18, 2018): 179–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/ppm.16(2).2018.16.
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The current state of development of Ukraine’s national economy involves strengthening the processes of transition to social market economy, aimed at accelerating the rates of economic growth of the country. The presence of peculiarities of activity of agrarian producers and increase of the socioeconomic importance of the agrarian sector of the economy contribute to the need to develop and substantiate the methodological conditions aimed at solving multidimensional and diverse problems of ensuring the development of agrarian economic systems. In the work, the directions of the formation of the mechanism of management of agrarian economic systems, which consist in the transition to a new quality level of the use of information and intellectual resources of the management system on the basis of modern information technologies and modeling, which allowed to develop a structural scheme of the mechanism of management of the agrarian sector of the economy. The understanding of the mechanism of management of agrarian economic systems, factors and functions of this mechanism are determined. The mechanism of management of agrarian economic systems should be considered as a system of principles, rules, norms and procedures, within the framework of which the goals and objectives of the agrarian economy are developed in accordance with the current economic laws. This mechanism should be in line with the ownership of the subjects of state domination of the region, organizational structures of management, market social and economic relations, natural conditions of economic activity and state economic policy concerning the development of agrarian production, etc., and also take into account the main economic relationships that exist between the individual structural components of the agrarian economic system.
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Sathish, Kuppani, and A. Rama Mohan Reddy. "Resource Allocation Mechanism with New Models for Grid Environment." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 5, no. 2 (April 2013): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2013040101.
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Resource allocation is playing a vital role in grid environment because of the dynamic and heterogeneous nature of grid resources. Literature offers numerous studies and techniques to solve the grid resource allocation problem. Some of the drawbacks occur during grid resource allocation are low utilization, less economic reliability and increased waiting time of the jobs. These problems were occurred because of the inconsiderable level in the code of allocating right resources to right jobs, poor economic model and lack of provision to minimize the waiting time of jobs to get their resources. So, all these drawbacks need to be solved in any upcoming resource allocation technique. Hence in this paper, the efficiency of the resource allocation mechanism is improved by proposing two allocation models. Both the allocation models have used the Genetic Algorithm to overcome all the aforesaid drawbacks. However, one of the allocation models includes penalty function and the other does not consider the economic reliability. Both the models are implemented and experimented with different number of jobs and resources. The proposed models are compared with the conventional resource allocation models in terms of utilization, cost factor, failure rate and make span.
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KHAIDAROVA, G. G. "DEVELOPMENT OF INSTITUTIONS OF THE ECONOMIC MECHANISM OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES IN THE POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY." EKONOMIKA I UPRAVLENIE: PROBLEMY, RESHENIYA 1, no. 7 (2021): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/ek.up.p.r.2021.07.01.005.
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The activity of agricultural enterprises determines the level of food security of the state, forms the level of agricultural potential of the state. During the transition to a post-industrial economy, economic mechanisms change, forming new internal and external relations between economic entities. The article is devoted to the search for the most effective regulators of the work of agricultural enterprises, the understanding of new approaches to the formation of the innovative image of the Russian economic mechanism.
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Li, Yang. "Creating a reliable financing mechanism for economic development." China Political Economy 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 14–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cpe-04-2019-0007.
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Purpose China’s economic development in the past 40 years has an array of distinctive features that have attracted the attention of the world. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach The analysis logic is as follows: with regard to the mechanism, the above factors were met in a timely manner and jointly contributed positive energy to China’s economic growth, with the increase in the savings rate as the necessary condition and foundation, and the increase in the savings rate is attributed to the explosive expansion of the financial system at the beginning of reform and the formation of positive incentives for residents, enterprises and governments at all levels, and the expansion of the financial system and the formation of positive incentives are clearly the crystallization of the wisdom of Chinese-style progressive reform. Findings Therefore, we have every reason to believe that the growth prospects of the Chinese economy remain bright. The author is nonetheless confident that the new two-step strategy for economic development will be realized, proposed by the 19th CPC National Congress. Originality/value Moreover, the growth of China’s economy has long been accompanied by the “double surplus” of current accounts and capital and financial accounts in the international balance of payments, which is not completely consistent with the traditional paradigm of development economics. These phenomena are so unique that the international community calls it the “Mystery of China” or “China’s Development Path.”
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Redbird, Beth. "The New Closed Shop? The Economic and Structural Effects of Occupational Licensure." American Sociological Review 82, no. 3 (May 3, 2017): 600–624. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003122417706463.
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During the past few decades, licensure, a state-enforced mechanism for regulating occupational entry, quickly became the most prevalent form of occupational closure. Broad consensus among researchers holds that licensure creates wage premiums by establishing economic monopolies. This article demonstrates that, contrary to established wisdom, licensure does not limit competition, nor does it increase wages. Results are based on a new occupational dataset, covering 30 years, that exploits interstate variability in licensure across the 300 census-identified occupations. I argue that licensure, instead of increasing wages, creates a set of institutional mechanisms that enhance entry into the occupation, particularly for historically disadvantaged groups, while simultaneously stagnating quality.
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AFANASIEVA, Maryna. "ECONOMIC CONTROL BY CIVIL SOCIETY: AN INSTITUTIONAL APPROACH." Economy of Ukraine 2018, no. 04 (April 3, 2018): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/economyukr.2018.04.046.
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The article studies the significance of public institutions for successful functioning of a market economy. The emphasis is placed on the fact that market institutions are formed through social organization and evolution. The structure of modern society is clarified; combination of professional performance of the functions of its social group and adherence to moral values are selected to be the main criterion of the structure. The hypothesis of isomorphism of the social structure is advanced, according to which the decrease in the share of people in civil society with rent-seeking behavior can lead to similar shifts in business and public sector. The system of economic control is proposed that corresponds to division of society into three main social groups. The new content of control, which proceeds from the concept of sustainable development and the theory of systems, is revealed. The essence of the new type of control is formation of socially significant analytical information capable of launching mechanisms of self-organization of enterprises, including self-control. The main corrective tool is the publication of these findings. Attention is paid to original sources of information for civil control (for example, financial and tax reporting of enterprises), which is not a commercial secret in accordance with Ukrainian legislation. Institutional mechanisms, such as compulsory mechanism of the law, normative mechanism of professional opinion, imitative mechanism of positive practice, promotion of information, involvement of supporters and cooperation with foundations are listed. It is concluded that the introduction of economic control by civil society can strengthen public institutions such as law, morality, property, enterprise, trust in society, fair competition, etc. This, most likely, will have a positive impact on development of the economy.
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Miková, Ivana. "Causes of Regionalism. How ASEAN-China FTA Fits the (New) Wave of Regionalism?" Slovak Journal of Political Sciences 17, no. 1 (January 1, 2017): 66–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sjps-2017-0004.
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AbstractThe main aim of this paper is to discuss standard explanations of the causes respective to each wave of economic regionalism and to introduce an alternative approach suggesting the existence of a common mechanism driving all three periods of intensified economic integration. This study argues for the general logic to economic regionalism based on the balance mechanism. Proposed mechanism embraces standard theoretical explanations and places them into a broader context of general encompassing logic common to all three occurrences of economic regionalism. For acquiring empirical evidence of this mechanism, all three waves of regionalism and their causes are analysed as well as on one particular case of the third wave of regionalism - ASEAN-China FTA. Central motivation is the existence of plethora of factors leading to the preference of the regional trade strategies in particular time periods without offering explanation common to all three main occurrences of regionalism. However, this study argues that every instance of economic turmoil leads to protectionist tendencies in the form of economic regionalism followed by the multilateral trade liberalisation mitigating negative effects of protectionist tendencies.
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EENMAA-DIMITRIEVA, Helen, and Maria José SCHMIDT-KESSEN. "Smart Contracts: Reducing Risks in Economic Exchange with No-Party Trust?" European Journal of Risk Regulation 10, no. 2 (June 2019): 245–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/err.2019.37.
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Our study on smart contracts, self-executing agreements based on blockchain technology, can be placed in the field of inquiry within law and economics of contracts which explores new modes of contract enforcement as sources of market creation. We lay the foundations by characterising contract enforcement and trust mechanisms underlying contracts. Considering that trust reduces risks in economic exchange, we explain how the particular trust mechanism underlying smart contracts’ enforcement (no-party trust) provides opportunities for creating new markets and changing existing ones. We explore, among other things, whether using smart contracts could be a path to increasing the autonomy of consumers and offering a solution for democratising trade.
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Iskandar, Iskandar. "Islamic Economics as A New Current of Economic Development in Indonesia." Muqtasid: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Perbankan Syariah 9, no. 2 (December 1, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.18326/muqtasid.v9i2.150-158.
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AbstractThis study explores to provide an alternative solution to the problems of Indonesian economy through the empowerment and embodiment of Indonesia's Islamic economy, by looking at the problems of income distribution, economic inequality and the problem of industrialization. This issue provides a new point of view that Islamic economics is not merely a banking issue. The methodology used in this study is an explanation by describing the phenomena that exist through quantitative and qualitative data. The results of this discussion are expected to provide policy direction for policy makers in solving problems related to industrialization, income distribution and inequality. The main problem of Indonesia's economic development is the lack of wisdom-based development ethics. Lesson in this study is the new current of Islamic economics. Non-usury economic solutions based on wisdom in Islam. Islamic economics has experienced many developments and are increasingly embedded in the hearts of Indonesian muslims. Potency of zakat and waqf endowments, fair income distribution and the process of distribution through the mechanism of production and zakat may render solutions for income disparity and poverty alleviation. AbstrakStudi ini mengeksplorasi untuk memberikan solusi alternatif untuk masalah ekonomi Indonesia melalui pemberdayaan dan perwujudan ekonomi Islam Indonesia, dengan melihat masalah distribusi pendapatan, ketimpangan ekonomi dan masalah industrialisasi. Masalah ini memberikan sudut pandang baru bahwa ekonomi Islam bukan hanya masalah perbankan. Metodologi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penjelasan dengan menggambarkan fenomena yang ada melalui data kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil diskusi ini diharapkan dapat memberikan arahan kebijakan bagi para pembuat kebijakan dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang terkait dengan industrialisasi, distribusi pendapatan dan ketidaksetaraan. Masalah utama pembangunan ekonomi Indonesia adalah kurangnya etika pembangunan berbasis kebijaksanaan. Pelajaran dalam penelitian ini adalah arus baru ekonomi Islam. Solusi ekonomi non-riba berdasarkan kebijaksanaan dalam Islam. Ekonomi Islam telah mengalami banyak perkembangan dan semakin tertanam dalam hati umat Islam Indonesia. Potensi zakat dan wakaf wakaf, distribusi pendapatan yang adil dan proses distribusi melalui mekanisme produksi dan zakat dapat memberikan solusi untuk disparitas pendapatan dan pengentasan kemiskinan.
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Yuldashev, O., M. Smokovich, O. Yuldashev, and S. Yuldashev. "INNOVATION AND INVESTMENT ANTI-CORRUPTION MECHANISM FOR ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT." Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, no. 4 (87) (2019): 46–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.87.07.
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It is substantiated that problems of the development of the mineral-raw material base of Ukraine (which, taking into account their importance, can be attributed to the fundamental geological problems of Eastern Europe), are problems of improving the management of this branch of the economy, the introduction of modern effective forms of management. This will ensure the energy independence of the country, its economic development, creation of additional jobs at the enterprises of the mineral complex and in related industries, and in the end - high standards of living of citizens. It is proved that the realization of potential opportunities for the further growth of existing stocks and exploration of new deposits for Ukraine, the extraction of which involves potential opportunities to achieve the country's energy and economic security, export potential increase, depends on solving a number of problems such as corruption (corruption in the extractive industry), insufficient volumes of exploration works, as well as a shortage of new technologies in mining. It is noted that these problems are associated with poor quality, inefficiency of management of the relevant branches of geology and mining (as well as the management of the country's economy as a whole). Solving these problems requires qualitative approaches, management tools, which are fundamentally different from the traditional methods of improving management. It is proposed to distinguish three types of such principles. First, it is the maximum reduction of the human factor, the transfer of such functions as control of the machines to the computers, the transition to new information technologies in management. Secondly, it is creation (to neutralize corruption risks from that part of the state apparatus, which is impossible to replace by the computer yet), of such organizational conditions, in which malversation of budget funds will become impossible. Thirdly, it is the application of the principle of subsidiarity in public administration. It is noted that one of the authors of this publication designed the desirable management system of the industry, as well as the model of transition from the current to the proposed management system is at the stage of registration of copyright to the utility model. It is emphasized that a particularly great effect, in the form of additional revenues to the budget, as well as relevant social transformations, will provide a widespread application of the proposed approach in reforming the entire state administration of the economy.
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Hacioglu, Umit, and Hasan Dincer. "Concept of Conflict within New Economy Environment and Its Impact on the Market Mechanism." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) 1, no. 1 (January 7, 2016): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v1i1.55.
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<p>The success of economic transition for countries mainly requires economic and politic stability. However the conflict paradigm affects the nature of economic transition. In this process, innovations have changed product technologies which have been required by economic growth. Presently, automation in standardized production industry is used as if it will take over the wage labor. Crises brought uniformities into agenda. Computer integrated manufacturing appeared in the midst of 1990s. However, production still tended to move to other countries with cheaper labor. The study focuses on interaction between the conflict and market mechanism in the light of the knowledge-based economic development.</p>
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Bishop, Alex, and Juan Mateos-Garcia. "Exploring the Link Between Economic Complexity and Emergent Economic Activities." National Institute Economic Review 249 (August 2019): R47—R58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795011924900114.
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Recent studies have shown a strong link between the complexity of economies and their economic development. There remain gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning these links, in part because they are difficult to analyse with highly aggregated, official data sources that do not capture the emergence of new industrial activities, a potential benefit from complexity. We seek to address some of these gaps by calculating two indices of economic complexity for functional local economies (Travel to Work Areas) in Great Britain, and explore their link with these locations’ economic performance. Seeking to gain a better understanding of the mechanism connecting economic complexity with economic performance, we create a measure of emergent technological activity in a location based on a combination of novel data sources including text from UK business websites and CrunchBase, a technology company directory, and study its link with economic complexity. Our results highlight the potential value of novel, unstructured data sources for the analysis of the links between economic complexity and regional economic development.
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Ostry, Jonathan, Jorge Alvarez, Raphael Espinoza, and Chris Papageorgiou. "Economic Gains From Gender Inclusion: New Mechanisms, New Evidence." Staff Discussion Notes 18, no. 06 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781484337127.006.
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BONDARUK, Т., and І. BONDARUK. "The Economic Nature of the Organizational and Economic Mechanism for Corporate Social Responsibility of Business." Scientific Bulletin of the National Academy of Statistics Accounting and Audit, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2020): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.31767/nasoa.1-2.2020.06.
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The issue of theoretical foundations of the economic nature of the organizational and economic mechanism of social responsibility of business is elaborated on. It is demonstrated that the organizational and economic basis for the mechanism designed to regulate corporate social responsibility is consisted of government regulation, shared regulation and self-regulation of corporate social responsibility. The central objectives of the regulatory policy of corporate social responsibility are highlighted: to engage business entities in solving social and economic problems; to introduce the innovation-driven model for fostering the social responsibility; to create new jobs and reduce unemployment.
The authors’ definition of the organization and economic mechanism for corporate social responsibility is proposed: a set of organizational and economic measures aimed to trigger interactions between business entities and the state for fostering social responsibility, implemented through regulatory acts and on the business entities’ initiative, in order to attain the sustainable development through creating partner relations of the state, business and society.
It is demonstrated that the organizational and economic mechanism for corporate social responsibility constitutes a multi-tier hierarchical system of organizational and economic components (functional components: entities, objects, principles), tools for mechanism implementation (tools of organizational, economic and social nature), and methodological support (administrative, economic, index and rating methods).
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Chen, Shu Zhen. "Study on Virtual Manufacturing Enterprise Intelligence Operation Mechanism." Applied Mechanics and Materials 484-485 (January 2014): 214–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.484-485.214.
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With the economic globalization, the local production cannot meet the growing fast and changing customer needs worldwide resources to optimize the configuration is the effective use of global resources, the ideal solution. Virtual enterprise is that with the rapid development of information technology in the new situation of global economic competition, and gradually developed a new management thinking and corporate organizational model. It is built on multiple independent entity enterprise based on the relative stability of the Union, and the pursuit of the market's rapid response capability.
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Тюкавкин, Николай, and Nikolay Tyukavkin. "NEW PARADIGM IN ECONOMICS EVOLUTION." Bulletin of Bryansk state technical university 2016, no. 3 (September 30, 2016): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/22131.
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In the paper it is emphasized that in the course of the last three decades became stronger the dynamics of the development of all economic processes in society and under conditions of current economic changes realization come the first place not the tools of development, but new economic concepts. A generation of economic concepts of the present is presented. A current stage of society development raises new conditions and problems the solution of which requires conceptual breaks for the formation and realization of a new mechanism for a economy sustainable development and also new tools in a global integrated market which could embrace all variety of indices on the basis of their optimization of correspondence to market relations.
The authors have moved a regulation of a necessity and possibility to develop a new concept and new tools on a global level within the bounds of a “unified theory of market correspondence”.
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Bore, Obert. "Dispute Settlement Mechanisms in African Regional Economic Communities: Lessons and New Developments." African Journal of Legal Studies 12, no. 3-4 (May 14, 2020): 242–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12340051.
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Abstract African regional trade agreements often provide for dispute settlement mechanisms and procedures that should be followed. They also establish judicial bodies or tribunals for the respective African Regional Economic Communities. Despite the existence of judicial bodies, African governments do not usually litigate against each other on trade-related disputes. However, the few cases adjudicated by the regional judicial bodies are insightful of how contemporary trade disputes shape the development of community law. With reference to case law, this article presents lessons from regional judicial bodies. Notwithstanding the lessons learnt, there are challenges too. In response to the challenges, new developments on the continent, adopted through the African Continental Free Trade Area signal a move towards respecting rules-based trade through ensuring legal predictability and certainty for trade dispute settlement. Thus, this article will also provide a detailed analysis of the dispute settlement mechanism under the African Continental Free Trade Area, a system akin to World Trade Organisation.
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Zavrazhnyi, Konstyantyn Yu. "Economic Mechanism for Managing the Communication Business Process of Industrial Enterprises in the Context of Globalization." Mechanism of an Economic Regulation, no. 4 (2020): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/mer.2019.86.07.
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The paper provides a definition of the economic mechanism for managing the communication business processes of industrial enterprises in the context of globalization as a set of a system of relations, authorities, forms and methods of organization and operation, which are regulated by legal and other norms of activity and provide effective interaction in internal and external environments. This allows to deepen the understanding of the essence in the context of globalization under the orientation towards communication (we mean interaction first of all). The composition of the comprehensive economic mechanism for managing the communication business processes of industrial enterprises is studied. This mechanism includes organizational, economic, legal, political, technical and technological, market, production, social, motivational, adaptive and communication submechanisms. This allows further formalization of the process of elemental improvement of the communication business processes of industrial enterprises. The components of mechanism are detailed. In particular, the economic submechanisms include the mechanisms of profits distribution, economic stimulus, financial, equity, investment and reinvestment in development and other mechanisms. The legal submechanisms include the mechanisms, which govern communication and professional legal relations. Organizational submechanisms include structural mechanisms, administrative and information mechanisms that ensure the development and modernization of communication activities at the enterprise, its information security. Political submechanisms include mechanisms of information policy, social and economic policy and foreign economic policy. Market submechanisms include the ones of market competition, demand and supply, etc. Social submechanisms include the ones of transparency of doing business, social responsibility, social and psychological impact, etc. Production submechanisms include the following ones: resource, implementation of new types of software and hardware and other. Technical and technological submechanisms include the ones of scientific and technological progress, technological updates. Motivational submechanisms include the mechanisms of material and non-material incentives of personnel. Adaptive submechanisms are the submechanisms of innovative development (including implementation of innovations in information field), managing the personnel potential, etc. Communication submechanisms include the ones of information-and-analytical activities (including research conducting); external communications (including the system of integrated communications tools, modern telecommunications and communications facilities); internal communications (including creating corporate culture). Key words: economic mechanism, submechanisms, management, communications, business processes, industrial enterprise.
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Ding, Ru. "Interface 2.0 in Rules on State-Owned Enterprises: A Comparative Institutional Approach." Journal of International Economic Law 23, no. 3 (July 22, 2020): 637–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jiel/jgaa008.
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ABSTRACT Interface mechanisms in international economic law refer to international, regional, or domestic legal instruments that resolve problems arising from differences in economic systems. The existing interface mechanism regarding disciplining state-owned enterprises (SOEs)’ activities remains unclear and has led to disputes and a divergence of views among major trading partners, most notably between the United States and China. The underlying cause is the lack of an analytical framework to understand SOEs from a comparative view that may foster consensus-building discussions. This article constructs a comparative institutional framework to understand SOEs in a variety of market economy settings, which inspires new approaches in analyzing SOE-related legal issues in international economic law. This article takes the ‘public body’ issue in the WTO and the new disciplines on SOEs as examples, demonstrating that a type of activity-based approach can be a new interface mechanism for international rules on SOEs.
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Sergienko, Ya. "On the Financial Mechanism of Long-wave Technological and Economic Changes." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 1 (January 20, 2004): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2004-1-66-73.
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This article analyses basic problems in financing of long-term technological and economic development in a market economy. The author demonstrates that the entire theoretical basis for transition from one wave of technological and economic development to another is now absent. In many investigations long-wave innovations in a financial system are considered as a complimentary mechanism that indirectly influences the economy and adds to already realized technological and economic innovations. The article maintains that innovations in a financial system precede and determine wide commercial success of a new technological and economic paradigm. This conclusion is based on historical and statistical data. The diffusion of new technological and economic principles is accompanied by special institutional change dynamics. The main characteristic of this process is a consequent change of phases: creation and destruction of informal relationships among innovators and their integration into a dominating institutional framework as the next step.
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Li, Weian, Jian Xu, and Minna Zheng. "Green Governance: New Perspective from Open Innovation." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 24, 2018): 3845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113845.
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Environmental problems caused by human behaviors have become increasingly serious in recent decades, thereby driving global green governance issue to become an important research agenda. The proper governance structure design and governance mechanism arrangement can effectively coordinate the relationship between human and nature. Literatures have provided mixed evidence of harmonious development of economy, society and environment. However, few studies have examined the balance of interests between human appeal and natural environment from the perspective of governance. Open innovation activities can effectively deal with the externalities of resources and environment and then relatively balance the economic value and green value of organizations, which is an effective green governance mode, reflecting the characteristics of the main subject composition and mechanism operation of green governance. This paper attempts to build a green governance framework for the cooperation based on sustainable development among enterprises, governments, social organizations, the public and the nature. This paper examines the synergy between human and nature by presenting a framework, including related theories of green governance, innovation subjects, innovation mechanisms and innovation mode. Each country and region could use the suggested framework to develop green governance guidelines that are suitable for the environmental carrying capacity of their own countries or regions. Enterprises could use the suggested framework to develop green development strategies to coordinate the economic values and green values.
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ZHANG, Wen, and Mou WANG. "Green Supply Chain Management: A New Market Approach for Climate Governance." Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 03, no. 04 (December 2015): 1550033. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2345748115500335.
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Climate change has become a spot issue of the international community, and how to efficiently carry out international cooperation to deal with climate change is a serious problem to be solved. Actions on climate change launched by government have become a national consensus to various countries, while actions by private sectors, establishment and operation of relevant market mechanisms are also an important approach to address climate change through global cooperation. We have undertaken the construction of international or regional carbon market, clean energy quota market, Energy Management Contracting (EMC) and other market mechanisms, laying a solid foundation for further exploring market mechanism that enhances international climate governance, which also illustrates the significance of market mechanism to international community. New market mechanisms continue to be explored in market activities, and green supply chain management is one of them. Green supply chain management refers to the monitoring and management of impact on environment in the processes of acquisition, transportation, and storage of raw materials, distribution and utilization of products, and disposal of waste products while considering the impact of production processes on environment as well. Green supply chain management, as a market-based mean which balances climate environmental performance and economic benefits, will enable enterprises to include the influence of whole process of production on the climate and environment into decision-making process, launch green monitoring to the whole production cycle of product, so as to realize green and low-carbon development of enterprises. Green supply chain management not only has direct influence on enterprises to achieve greenhouse gas emission reduction, but also has positive meaning to industrial transformation and upgrading, high-end development of manufacturing industry, and promoting the construction of ecological civilization, which accords with economic and industrial development of China in the future, worth being explored and practiced as a new market mechanism.
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Jian, Lin, Wang Sunyu, Yu Shouwen, and Qiao Weifeng. "petoe: A New Multi-Sector Collaboration Mechanism for Engineering Training in China." International Journal of Chinese Education 4, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 234–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340054.
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In service to wider national strategies, the Plan for Educating and Training Outstanding Engineers (petoe) is a pilot reform initiative of higher education in China. It is a comprehensive, innovative, and unprecedented national plan putting forward four key tasks to establish a new multi-sector collaboration mechanism in engineering education. The new mechanisms include multi-sector coordination, participatory guidance of industry, joint training based on industry-university collaboration, and supportive policies of central and local governments. The purposes of the plan are to bridge the gap of supply and demand, promote the partnership between university and industry, and enhance the adaptability of engineering education to social and economic development. This paper discusses the above content with a focus on the challenges of Chinese engineering education, key mechanisms, program progress, impacts, and challenges for next steps.
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Ganebnykh, Elena, Asiiat Mottaeva, Tatyana Larinina, and Elena Petrova. "Franchising technologies for sustainable economic development." MATEC Web of Conferences 170 (2018): 01044. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201817001044.
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The article describes factors of environmental change that cause the need to form new forms of interaction between economically active market subjects for sustainable development of territories. The authors of the article analyze franchising as one of the most flexible forms of interaction in small business. Modern trends in small business show a gradual merger of the production of goods and their trade with the provision of services. It leads to the necessity to create a fundamentally new mechanism that meets the needs of the modern market. The article proposes a new complex model of franchising which combines all the specified forms.
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Gopinath, D. "Contemporary Approaches to Economic Development: The Special Economic Zone Programme." Local Economy: The Journal of the Local Economy Policy Unit 24, no. 6-7 (September 2009): 448–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02690940903319018.
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Of considerable interest within policy and academic circles, is the emergence of India's status as a new economic powerhouse in Asia. This development can be linked to its recent advocacy of ‘effective’ local economic development policies, particularly in attempting to create ‘new economic spaces’ as a model for economic development. In this regard, in 2005, the Indian central government passed the Special Economic Zone Act: to attract foreign and domestic investment, to boost export earnings, to generate local employment and to make improvements to infrastructural services. As a result, new challenges have emerged. At one end, there is a reduced role for central government intervention in economic development as a result of shifts from an earlier central government-directed policy mechanism to this contemporary approach in SEZ policy where state governments as well as private investors are increasingly seen as important partners in economic develop-ment. On the other hand, not only have the number of sanctioned SEZs exceeded the expectations of policy makers, but also that there is now an uneven distribution of SEZ investments across the country that only a stronger central government intervention can possibly address.
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Focacci, Antonio. "Residential plants investment appraisal subsequent to the new supporting photovoltaic economic mechanism in Italy." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 13, no. 9 (December 2009): 2710–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2009.04.002.
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Ungur-Brehoi, Carmen. "The New Economic Mechanism in Hungary, Reflected in the Romanian Quotidian Crişana (1968-1969)." Hiperboreea. Journal of History 2, no. 2 (2015): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/hiper.2015.902.
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Bellier, S. P., and R. F. Haythornthwaite. "A new large-scale integrated metallization-failure mechanism." Canadian Journal of Physics 63, no. 6 (June 1, 1985): 901–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p85-148.
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A new integrated-circuit metallization-failure mechanism is reported. The aluminum metallization sometimes disintegrates during ultrasonic agitation despite the fact that the aluminium–silicon oxide–water system is thermodynamically stable under conditions normally encountered by integrated circuits. The disintegration reduces conductor cross section and increases the probability of failure by electromigration. Faulty batches of metallization from six manufacturers have been found; one batch of devices, which failed abnormally early through electromigration, had the faulty metallization.Scanning–electron–microscope examination revealed that foreign material or voids were sometimes visible between the aluminum grains but there was often no visible indication of the problem areas. Scanning Auger microprobe examination revealed nitrogen and oxygen in the aluminum of faulty batches, and carbon was also present in the areas that lifted. Aluminum, which was unaffected by ultrasonic agitation, had no additional elements.Experiments in controlling the evaporation environment to increase the probability of incorporating oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon into the aluminum layer were unsuccessful.Ultrasonic agitation provides an economic possibility for screening devices with unstable metallization. It can be introduced during wafer manufacture or as a sampling screen on completed devices for high reliability applications.
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Rybarova, Daniela. "Creative industry as a key creative component of the Slovak economy." SHS Web of Conferences 74 (2020): 03009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20207403009.
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The global economy is understood as an economy of information, knowledge, creativity, networks and services. The creation of value in the economy is involved in the economic, social and cognitive mechanisms. The economic mechanism emphasizes the processes of cooperation and production, the social mechanism, in turn, communication and marketing techniques, the cognitive mechanism is based on human imagination and interpretation. Under the cognitive mechanism is meant creativity, the ability to bring new motive, ideas. Cognitive mechanisms are in value creation process complementary to economic and social mechanisms and they are capable of producing value separately. One of the approaches to measuring creativity is to define and analyse creative industries. The creative industries are industries in which “combine and overlap the fields of art, culture, business and technology. They create a cycle of creation, production and distribution, using their intellectual capital as primary capital [1]. The contribution of the creative industry lies in its cross-sectoral dimension with minimal territorial constraints. The article will focus on the definition of creative industries and the analysis of creative industries in the Slovakia. The method used was the analysis of trends in the form of percentage year-on-year change. The creative industry is the sensitive on the state and development of the economy in Slovakia.
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Bіlous, Victoria. "Improvement and development of mechanisms for personnel management of agricultural enterprises." University Economic Bulletin, no. 48 (March 30, 2021): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-48-20-27.
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The subject of the research is theoretical principles and practical proposals for improving the personnel management mechanisms of agricultural enterprises. The purpose of the article is to identify problems of formation and work of personnel of agricultural enterprises and substantiation of directions of development and improvement of mechanisms of its management. The methodological basis of the article is historical, monographic, system-structural analysis and synthesis, statistical-economic, problem-target. The results of the article. The main results of the article are developed measures to improve and develop mechanisms for managing the personnel of agricultural enterprises: institutional, organizational and economic, incentives and motivation. Proposed to use HR-management as a new mechanism that embodies elements of the previous ones. Field of application of results. In educational institutions of higher education, in personnel management of agricultural enterprises. Conclusions. The main mechanisms of personnel management of agricultural enterprises are institutional, organizational and economic, incentives and motivations. Institutional is a set of institutions as institutions, establishments, organizations and regulations on the regulation of social and labor relations, labor market and employment, as well as institutions as scientific and methodological, methodological developments and explanations to them. Organizational and economic mechanism is a set of methods and forms of organization of labor and jobs, as well as financial and economic factors and tools for personnel regulation. The latter are manifested in wages, stocks, dividends, accruals, and other types of financial regulation. Finally, the mechanism of stimulation and motivation of employees is important.
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Artamonov, V., V. Lukin, and T. Musienko. "Effective organization of economic space in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation: Strategy and practice." National Security and Strategic Planning 2020, no. 2 (June 30, 2020): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.37468/2307-1400-2020-2-5-16.
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The initial stage of implementation of modern innovative approach identified in strategic documents and in the formulation of new mechanism of development of territories on the basis of investment areas, taking into account characteristics, specialization of subjects of the Russian Federation on the principles and mechanisms of market economy is revealed.
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Ye, Yu. "Global Economic Governance Reenergized?" China Quarterly of International Strategic Studies 01, no. 04 (December 2015): 647–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2377740015500293.
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As China makes preparations to host the Group of Twenty (G20) summit in 2016, the international community is wondering whether the world’s second largest economy can reenergize the G20, a key mechanism for global economic governance. With increasing stake in global economic well-being, China has developed a strong sense of commitment to the G20, and thus will put great efforts into making the mechanism more effective. However, both the Chinese and world economies are facing dual bottlenecks of efficiency and equality. How to tap new sources of growth, manage the fragmented regionalization, and create momentum for globalization will be the main challenges for the G20 next year and thereafter. What China should do is foster its leadership by better aligning its own reform and development strategy with the G20’s global agenda for a clearer vision of the global economic system. Priorities could include carrying out comprehensive structural reform, implementing infrastructure investment initiatives, upgrading global trade institutions, and drawing a road map for the implementation of the 2030 sustainable development agenda. To manage short-term market volatility in major economies, the adjustment of their monetary policies should also be given timely and sufficient attention.
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Qejvanaj1, Gentian. "New Trends in Sustainable Environmental Governance in Mainland China. The Zhejiang Case." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110231. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211023136.
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The trade-off between environmental sustainability and economic growth has been the focus of an extensive debate in the developing world and in this debate China is no exception, as it moves away from a single-minded growth-only policy toward a more sustainable economic model. The reason for this new policy trend has to be found in civil society’s rising environmental awareness and the growing accountability by local governments and multinational companies. Interviews with civil society and nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) mainly based in Zhejiang province, together with secondhand data from national online database show that a political feedback mechanism is possible also in a non-democratic country like China, and despite the Chinese political framework lacking an accountability mechanism, the civil society growing environmental concerns and multinational companies’ reputation abroad have indirectly forced policymakers to act toward tighter environmental regulation. In conclusion, this study shows that the Chinese middle class is not fully passive in its relationship with the local government, but it activates when its key interest is threatened, and as the Chinese middle class grows rich and educated and the economic growth slows down, a similar accountability mechanism could be replicated concerning issues where political legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is not questioned like economic or social issues.
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Larin, S. N., and E. Yu Khrustalev. "The development of the national system of innovation through investment engineering." National Interests: Priorities and Security 16, no. 7 (July 16, 2020): 1317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/ni.16.7.1317.
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Subject. To grow steadily and successfully, any economy should improve its mechanism for managing the socio-economic development, which should rely upon scientific approaches, methods and mechanisms. Objectives. The study is an attempt to outline the concept for developing the national economic system of innovation through investment engineering. Methods. The study is based on methods of generalization and systems analysis. Results. We propose a new concept for formulating the modern national system of innovation economics, which poses an investment project as the backbone constituent, being performed by diverse entities and organizations. The system raises the probability that comprehensive investment projects will be successfully implemented, including the reliability of mutual settlements for the sake of the ultimate economic effect. Conclusions and Relevance. The investment concept herein opens new opportunities for a new progressive strategy for the national economic development. Based on investment engineering principles, the economic system will carefully protect all types of property, effectively distribute the national property among federal, regional and local entities, and position regional and local budgets as a set of investment projects or the single investment program for the development of regions and country as a whole. The findings help implement new approaches to developing the national economic system of innovation, which will enhance the performance of manufacturing enterprises and public, collective and private entities. It will contribute to the transparency of financial flows in the non-public sector of economy and considerably curb the informal sector of economy.
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Dvoryadkina, Elena, and Elizaveta Belousova. "Mechanism for controlling spatial economic development of municipal districts: Findings from the post-NPM trends." Upravlenets 11, no. 3 (July 10, 2020): 2–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29141/2218-5003-2020-11-3-1.
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Several decades have seen negative trends in spatial economic development of rural municipalities not only in Russia, but in the majority of developed countries. Such a situation is due to the concomitant transformation of the settlement system during the change of socio-economic development stages and requires searching for the relevant management methods and mechanisms. The paper focuses on designing a mechanism for controlling spatial economic development of a rural municipality considering the case of Russia’s municipal districts and allowing for the condition of the economic space outside cities and changes in the regional governance paradigm. Spatial economics and regional governance paradigm constitute the methodological basis of the research. The methods include systematisation, functional and comparative analysis, deduction, elements of the regulatory impact assessment. The research allows concluding that it is beneficial for the regional government to take into account the values and methods of the post-new public management (post-NPM) and to incorporate them into management of municipalities’ spatial economic development. The most important characteristics of such management include focus on social problems (specific for the territory and related to its identity), their priority over economic growth; long-term strategic thinking given there is an objective to embrace interests of the inhabitants; centralized collection of various timely objective information about citizens’ needs with the aim of sustainable development of a region; participatory approach in the sphere of interaction between citizens and local authorities; networking between government authorities, business, inhabitants and consultancy infrastructure. The study of the strategic framework of spatial economic development reveals that at national level the principal role of municipalities is to reinforce the settlement system. In line with the findings of the research, the authors build a concept and a mechanism for implementation of a municipal programme that understands the regional governance paradigm changes and trends in spatial development of rural municipalities.
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Levinson, N. L., and N. A. Haritonova. "FORMING MECHANISM OF MUNICIPAL ECONOMY CRISIS MANAGEMENT." Strategic decisions and risk management, no. 1 (November 1, 2014): 72–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.17747/2078-8886-2011-1-72-79.
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The article describes the mainstream of municipal economy crisis management, tactical activities in order to reconcile a disputes on the use of municipal property, arising between economic entities. The characteristics of existing municipal economy models are represented. The concrete methods of new principals of municipal property management are defined.
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Kirdina-Chandler, Svetlana, and Vladimir Maevsky. "Evolution of heterodox mesoeconomics." Terra Economicus 18, no. 3 (September 25, 2020): 30–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2020-18-3-30-52.
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The established «micro-macro» dichotomy in economics can be considered as a methodological trap today. The established «micro-macro» dichotomy in economics can be considered as such a trap today. It does not allow for exploring increasingly complex relationships in the modern economy and new emerging structures. Therefore a new theoretical space – «meso» – was required. This paper shows how, outside the orthodox mainstream, a new area of economic theory – heterodox mesoeconomics – has shaped. Based on more realistic methodological prerequisites, compared with those accepted in mainstream micro- and macroeconomics, it offers new research programmes and explanatory schemes of what is happening in economic life. The unifying principles of heterodox mesoeconomics include several methodological postulates. First, this is a departure from microeconomic foundations and principles of additive aggregation. Mesoeconomics considers the economy as a complex multi-level system in which mesostructures arise as a result of coevolution processes. Second, mesoeconomics focuses not only (and not primarily) on the price coordination mechanism with a predominance of negative feedback, but rather on the effects of positive feedbacks. Therefore, heterodox mesoeconomists investigate more complex spontaneously emerging coordination mechanisms, as well as spatial, functional and temporal mesoeconomic structures. Third, heterodox mesoeconomists focus not only on competition as the basis of economic interactions but also on cooperation, redistribution, joint activities, etc. The paper summarizes experience from the heterodox mesoeconomic research since the 1970s to the present.
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Tolstopyatenko, G. P. "Integration Tax Law and the New World Order." Actual Problems of Russian Law 15, no. 11 (November 29, 2020): 23–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/1994-1471.2020.120.11.023-035.
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The paper is devoted to the study of the main factors of development of integration tax law in the new world order. The author analyzes the peculiarities of the legal mechanism of the EU tax policy, the OECD soft law acts and their impact on the legal regulation of cross-border activities of international companies. According to the results of the study, the author concludes that the new world order, the main feature of which is still the process of globalization of economic and political relations, in the last few years is characterized by an increase in the opposite trend called “new” State sovereignty. This phenomenon is expressed in the policy of economic restrictions (sanctions) against individual states (USA, EU—Russia); in strengthening the policy of protectionism (USA—China); in politics isolationism as a consequence of the world economic crisis caused by the pandemic; in the special position of some EU member States (e.g. Hungary) concerning separate issues of migration and economic policy, etc. Strengthening the “new” state sovereignty entails the improvement of the political and legal mechanism of harmonizing the positions of States for making compromise decisions. This, in turn, means expanding the application of “soft law” rules and strengthening the role of international organizations as their primary source in the regulation of international relations and development of national law in accordance with international standards.
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Hockmuth, Kevin. "South Korea’s Developmental Epoch: A New Economic Nationalism Perspective." International Studies Review 19, no. 2 (October 19, 2018): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667078x-01902003.
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Over the last half-century, South Korea has experienced momentous economic, political, and social transformations tied to its rapid industrialization. This paper utilizes economic nationalism as a mechanism for exploring the interplay of continuity and change across several key periods of this developmental epoch. It identifies the specific ways nationalism was incorporated into the developmental politics of the Park Chung Hee era (1961-1979) and in turn how these ideological legacies weighed upon Kim Young Sam’s globalization (segyehwa) agenda (1993-1997). In pursuing these aims the paper draws from a set analytical tools developed by a group of scholars seeking to reestablish the connection between economic nationalism and the mass politics roots of nationalism itself. It finds that tracing the specific ways in which nationalism was employed in the service of economic ends during the Park era sheds light on the contentious politics of segyehwa and the particular strategies the Kim administration embraced in promoting its policies. Additionally, given the increasing prominence of nationalist politics around the globe, the paper potentially speaks to a much wider set of cases through its theoretical and empirical insights into the intersection of technical and ideological issues entwined with economic liberalization.
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MYRZALIYEV, Borash S., Aiganym T. KOKENOVA, Elvira S. ALIMKULOVA, Zhanture K. ZHETIBAYEV, and Bauyrzhan B. BIMENDEYEV. "Improving the Economic Mechanism for Increasing Labor Productivity in Agriculture." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 11, no. 4 (June 15, 2020): 1233. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v11.4(50).19.
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The article is devoted to the problems of increasing labor productivity in agriculture in Kazakhstan. It explores the growth trends in labor productivity in the agricultural sector and presents a comparative analysis of individual factors that directly affect labor productivity indicators. The article considers the reasons for the lag of Kazakhstan in terms of labor productivity from developed countries, provides a detailed analysis of the level and dynamics of labor productivity in agriculture in Kazakhstan. The authors of the article calculated indicators of the dynamics of labor productivity and indices of the physical volume of gross agricultural output. Comparative indices of labor productivity in the economy, production of goods and agriculture are presented, an algorithm for analysing the efficiency of labor use of workers in the industry and assessing the reserves of growth in labor productivity were given. The aim of the work is to study the prevailing level of labor productivity and determine ways to increase it and the production efficiency of the agricultural sector. The differentiation of the use of the concepts of labor productivity and the productivity of the economic system was substantiated. The productivity of the economic system in accordance has a broader interpretation and includes the whole set of economic processes, such as labor productivity, marketing, managerial productivity and the creation of new products with high consumer qualities. The goals and objectives of labor productivity at the enterprise level was carried out, areas of responsibility at different managerial levels were decomposed.