Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'The North Pole'

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O movimento ambientalista manifesta-se com maior for?a no ano de 1972 com a Confer?ncia de Estocolmo, frente ?s press?es para a preserva??o do meio ambiente em decorr?ncia das cat?strofes ambientais. Destarte que no Brasil, o movimento ambiental se institucionaliza com a Constitui??o de 1988, uma vez que os conselhos se firmaram como espa?os democr?ticos, e prev? a participa??o da sociedade na gest?o das pol?ticas p?blicas. Nesse diapas?o propomos uma discuss?o sob a luz da participa??o e exerc?cio da cidadania no Conselho Estadual de Meio Ambiente do Rio Grande do Norte (CONEMA/RN), focando o olhar sobre o processo decis?rio, a partir da manifesta??o dos atores sociais. Para tanto, nosso estudo compilou as atas de reuni?es desse conselho, transcrevendo as principais discuss?es das demandas ambientais que marcam a sociedade potiguar, verificando como esses personagens se manifestaram no decorrer das reuni?es. Com base nessas informa??es, compreendeu-se a atribui??o do CONEMA/RN, como mecanismo de comunica??o entre Estado e Sociedade. Com base na an?lise das atas de reuni?es ordin?rias entre 2007 a 2014, conclu?mos que o CONEMA ? um conselho em que a sociedade civil organizada participa do processo decis?rio, apesar da acentuada influ?ncia dos atores representantes do poder p?blico sobre os atores que representam a sociedade civil. Os resultados do estudo aqui desenvolvido confirmam a discrep?ncia entre a participa??o dos conselheiros representantes do poder p?blico e dos conselheiros representantes da sociedade civil dentro do CONEMA/RN. A conclus?o aponta que os representantes da sociedade civil ainda n?o assimilaram o dever de cidad?o, a responsabilidade de sua atua??o, gerando preju?zos para o aparato legal da legisla??o ambiental potiguar, com reflexos negativos na implementa??o de pol?ticas p?blicas
The environmental movement rises up strongly in the year 1972 with the Stocolmus Conference, in the middle of pressions concerning the environmental preservation, in consequence of the environmental catastrophes. In spite of the fact that, in Brazil, the environmental movement has is institutionalization with the 1988 Constitution, in a way that the councils became democratic spaces, and provided the society?s participation in the management of public policies. In this way, we propose a discussion about the participation and the exercise of the citizenship in the State Council of Environment of Rio Grande do Norte (CONEMA), focusing the glance about the decisory process, as from the expression of the social actors. For that, our research compilate documents of the meetings of the referring council, transcribing the main discussions about the environmental necessities which were important in the potiguar society, and checking how these agents defend their interest during the meetings. We understand, with these informations, the role of CONEMA/RN as a communicative mechanism between State and Society. With the analysis of the informations of the extraordinary meetings from 2007 to 2014, we concluded that the CONEMA is a council where the civil organized society takes part on the decisory process, despite the great influence of the representative actors of public power over the representative actors of civil society. The results of this research confirm the discrepancy between the participation of representative councilors of civil society in CONEMA/RN. The conclusion point out that the civil society representative don?t, yet, assimilate the citizen duty, the responsibility of it1s action, producing, in this way, damages for the legal structure of the potiguar environmental legislation, with serious consequences on the public policy implementation

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
A Economia Solid?ria como organiza??o da produ??o, alternativa ? din?mica da economia capitalista, vem promovendo novas formas de organiza??o e de rela??es sociais que, sob a luz da Geografia, se realiza pelos diferentes usos do territ?rio. O territ?rio assume novos significados que, influenciado pelo movimento da Economia Solid?ria, busca racionalidades alternativas a ordem social estabelecida. Entretanto, esses diferentes usos se revelam de forma complexa e contradit?ria, uma vez que nos empreendimentos solid?rios diferentes agentes coorporativos passa a atuar, tendo o Estado como intermedi?rio em ?ltima inst?ncia desse processo. Diante dessa realidade, objetivamos no presente estudo analisar os diferentes usos do territ?rio a partir dos empreendimentos econ?micos solid?rios rurais e as rela??es que estes estabelecem com os diferentes agentes envolvidos na din?mica s?cio-territorial do Rio Grande do Norte. A partir de um estudo cr?tico que contemple as formas e conte?dos da organiza??o territorial do fen?meno analisado, a metodologia adotada para a realiza??o deste trabalho pautou-se num estudo bibliogr?fico, tanto de autores da Geografia como de tem?ticas afins ao estudo da Economia Solid?ria, al?m do uso de dados secund?rios, obtidos juntos aos ?rg?os oficiais, como o SIES e o IBGE, da pesquisa documental, realizada junto a SENAES, e de campo, com entrevistas efetivadas junto aos empreendimentos solid?rios do RN, no intuito de fundamentar nossas an?lises. Os resultados obtidos no estudo demonstram a complexidade nos usos agr?colas do territ?rio pela Economia Solid?ria no RN, intensificando o uso enquanto recurso, a partir da atua??o do Estado e dos grandes agentes econ?micos, e regulando o uso enquanto abrigo, que marginalizam trabalhadores solid?rios, tornando-os sujeitados a uma l?gica hegem?nica. Dessa forma, conclu?mos que a Economia Solid?ria, apesar de configurar como uma nova forma de organiza??o entre os agricultores, dada a expressividades que os empreendimentos solid?rios rurais apresentam no RN, esta n?o vem possibilitando um desenvolvimento social pleno, enquanto um instrumento de reprodu??o e emancipa??o dos associados. Todavia, os empreendimentos articulados em redes se sobressaem, embora de forma pontual. Tais contradi??es evidencia que ? necess?rio fortalecer uma constru??o horizontal e de base popular para Economia Solid?ria, a fim de superar a a??o reguladora do Estado capitalista.
The solidary economy as the organization of production, alternative to the capitalist economy provides new forms of organization and social behavior, that, in the sight of geography, it is shown by the different territory uses. The territory assume new meanings that, influenced by the Solidary Economy movement, tries to reach for new ways of acting that differ from social order already stablished. However, the different uses show themselves in a more complex and contradictory way, given that, in solidary undertakings, different corporative agents start to act, the State being a last resource on this process. Given this reality, our goal on the present paper is to analyze the different uses of the territory from the rural economic solidary undertakings and the relationship it establishes to the different agents involved on the socio-territorial dynamics on Rio Grande do Norte. Starting from a study that contemplates the territorial organization forms and contents of the analyzed phenomena, the methodology utilized for this research is based on a bibliographic review, with authors from the geography and areas related to the Solidary Economy, besides the use of secondary data, acquired from official offices such as SIES and IBGE, from the documented research, SENAES and field interviews conducted with local solidary undertakings. The results obtained in the study reveal the complexity of the agricultural use of the territory by Solidary Economy on the RN, while a resource of intensified use, from the state actions and important economical agents, and regulating the use while shelter, that marginalize solidary workers, making them subdued to the hegemonic logic. Therefore, we can infer that the solidary economy, despite its image of new form of organization between agricultural workers, given the expressivity of the rural solidary undertakings presented on RN, it hasn?t shown a full social development as an instrument of reproduction and emancipation of the associates. Nevertheless, the undertakings articulated in nets excel, even when considering its punctual and residual form. The given contradictions show that it is necessary to fortify the building of the solidary economy as being horizontal and popular based for it to have strength to surpass the regulative actions of the capitalist state and ownership created by the Capital.

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O estudo objetiva analisar o processo da publicidade do crime no per?odo p?s-Segunda Guerra Mundial no Brasil, considerando o jornal Tribuna do Norte como um dos principais vetores dessa produ??o na esfera p?blica do Rio Grande do Norte. A discuss?o te?rica reuniu os soci?logos J?rgen Habermas e John Thompson, entre outros, os quais lan?am ideias sobre a rela??o da imprensa com o espa?o p?blico. O recorte compreende de 1950, ano de funda??o do peri?dico, a 1970, no contexto do AI-5. Esse per?odo assinalou a consolida??o do referido ve?culo de comunica??o na conjuntura do populismo de Alu?zio Alves, bem como sua articula??o com as mudan?as pol?ticas antes e depois do golpe militar de 1964. A publicidade do crime ? buscada como uma constru??o hist?rica, envolvendo procedimentos jornal?sticos, sujeitos e espa?os. A publicidade compreende quest?es comerciais e pol?ticas quando determinados acontecimentos s?o transformados em um evento p?blico. Nesse sentido, o foco desta pesquisa ? a publicidade em sua dimens?o pol?tica. Quanto ? metodologia, trata-se de um estudo emp?rico, de ordem documental e de base qualitativa, com abordagem descritiva e interpretativista, conforme a historiadora T?nia de Luca. O corpus de an?lise foi composto de notas, manchetes, not?cias, reportagens, propagandas comerciais, textos imag?ticos, entre outros g?neros. Os cap?tulos re?nem o estudo sobre as constru??es e transforma??es do jornalismo populista; a publicidade do crime em tempos democr?ticos; al?m de o golpe militar de 1964 e as transforma??es da publicidade do crime. Os resultados da an?lise revelam que a Tribuna do Norte, embora tenha adotado modelos mais liberais da imprensa norte-americana, permaneceu, durante esse recorte, contemporizando com padr?es conservadores e autorit?rios dos velhos impressos potiguares. Quanto ? pr?tica pol?tica, apesar dos interesses mercadol?gicos diversos, foi elemento importante na trajet?ria desse jornalismo amb?guo, inclusive influenciando, de maneira significativa, as confec??es da not?cia de crime.
The study aims to analyze the crime of the advertising process in the post-World War II period in Brazil, considering the Tribuna do Norte newspaper as one of the main vectors of this production in the public sphere of Rio Grande do Norte. The theoretical discussion is based on sociologists J?rgen Habermas and John Thompson, among others, that bring ideas about the relationship between the press and the public space. Our research in the journal is during the period from 1950, the year of the creation of this press, to 1970, in the context of AI-5 law. This period is considered the consolidation of this periodic in the populist context of Alu?zio Alves, as well as the articulation with political changes after and before military coup in 1964. The publicity of crime is showed as a historical building, involving journalistic procedures, subjects and spaces. The publicity is related to commercial and political questions when some facts turned into a public event. In this sense, this research focuses on the publicity in its political dimensions. Related to the methodology, it is an empirical and qualitative study, based on literature, with a descriptive and interpretative approach, according to historian T?nia de Luca. The corpus of analyze is composed by notes, titles, news, reports, advertisements, image texts, among another textual genres. The chapters present a study about the building and changes of the populist journalism; the publicity of crime in democratic times; besides the military coup in 1964 and the changes of publicity of crime. The results of analyzes show that Tribuna do Norte, although has adopted more liberal pattern from North American presses, during the analyzed period has yet conservative and authoritative patterns from old potiguar presses. In this period, the political practice, in spite of diverse commercial interests, was an important element in the trajectory of this ambiguous journalism that has influencing, in a significant way, the production of news of crime.

This thesis seeks to account for Edgar Allan Poe's reception as an "American" author. Historically, it took time for Poe to become recognized as an American author rather than as an author who happened to also be American. This thesis argues that one major reason for this problem is that the American influences of his work are largely coded, but that Poe nevertheless was writing for an American audience and that his work did develop in response to national influences.

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A judicializa??o das pol?ticas p?blicas de sa?de ? um fen?meno contempor?neo e crescente na realidade brasileira, tendo a potencialidade de gerar impactos na gest?o p?blica, seja de forma positiva ou negativa. Nesse sentido, a presente tese buscou compreender as causas da judicializa??o e suas consequ?ncias para a gest?o p?blica na implementa??o da pol?tica de oncologia no Rio Grande do Norte. Para tanto, incorporou-se os objetivos e categorias anal?ticas da tese (falhas, causas, consequ?ncias, alternativas e evid?ncias) ao ciclo judicializado de pol?ticas p?blicas de Barreiro e Furtado (2015), adaptando-o de modo a analisar uma pol?tica p?blica federal e que tivesse a sua implementa??o regida pelo modelo top down, e fosse analisada pelas vertentes: disposi??o dos servi?os, hierarquia, comunica??o e estrutura federativa (modelo de Edwards). Dando sequ?ncias as defini??es da tese, foi escolhida a metodologia de estudo de caso, tendo como unidade anal?tica o Rio Grande do Norte, como fonte de dados: a) decis?es judiciais proferidas em segunda inst?ncia pelo Tribunal de Justi?a do Rio Grande do Norte e pelo Tribunal Regional Federal 5? regi?o, em uma an?lise hist?rica a partir de 2007 at? 2016, b) documentos de gest?o: plano estadual de sa?de, plano plurianual, plano estadual de oncologia, relat?rio anuais de gest?o e c) entrevistas a profissionais vinculados a gest?o e a execu??o da pol?tica oncol?gica no Rio Grande do Norte. Os dados foram ent?o analisados por meio da an?lise de conte?do de Bardin (2011). Os resultados revelaram que as principais causas da judicializa??o de medicamentos oncol?gicos no RN envolvem: restri??es or?ament?rias e financeiras, exist?ncia dos vazios assistenciais, inconsist?ncia com os prestadores de servi?os oncol?gicos, falta de atualiza??o dos protocolos cl?nicos envolvendo medicamentos oncol?gicos, dificuldades no diagn?stico do c?ncer e no acesso dos pacientes aos servi?os do SUS. Os medicamentos mais demandados judicialmente (2007-2016) foram: trastuzumabe, rituximabe, temozolamida, sunitinibe, bevacizumabe, bortezomide, sorafenibe e cetuximabe, sendo o c?ncer de mama e o linfoma n?o hodgkin os mais prevalentes nas decis?es. Evidenciou-se que para a gest?o p?blica, os efeitos s?o primordialmente negativos e focados no desajuste or?ament?rio e financeiro e no preju?zo na presta??o dos servi?os para a coletividade. Contudo, a presente tese, aponta alternativas poss?veis de serem aplicadas pelos entes federativos, tanto a curto prazo quanto a longo prazo, que s?o capazes de mitigar os poss?veis danos para o servi?o p?blico de sa?de, requerendo empenho de todos os envolvidos em prol do bem maior: a assist?ncia oncol?gica p?blica sendo prestada com excel?ncia e abrang?ncia, para todos que necessitam de tratamentos para o c?ncer no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Com isso, a presente tese, subsidia a gest?o p?blica, a medida que analisa conjuntamente causas, efeitos e alternativas envolvendo a judicializa??o e a oncologia no RN, permitindo que sejam tra?adas estrat?gias para concomitantemente diminuir os efeitos negativos da judicializa??o, ampliar a capacidade de debate envolvendo os efeitos positivos e com isso expandir a implementa??o da pol?tica oncol?gica em todo estado.
The judicialization of public health policies is a contemporary and growing phenomenon in the Brazilian reality, with the potential to generate impacts on public management, whether positive or negative. In this sense, the present thesis sought to understand the causes of the judicialization and its consequences for the public management in the implementation of the policy of oncology in Rio Grande do Norte. For this purpose, the objectives and analytical categories of the thesis (failures, causes, consequences, alternatives and evidences) were incorporated into the judiciary cycle of public policies of Barreiro and Furtado (2015), adapting it in order to analyze a federal public policy and Which had its implementation governed by the top down model, and was analyzed by the following aspects: service provision, hierarchy, communication and hierarchical structure (Edwards? model). Following the definitions of the thesis, the methodology of case study was chosen, having as analytical unit the state of Rio Grande do Norte, and as data source: a) judicial decisions rendered in second instance by the Court of Justice of Rio Grande do Norte and by the 5th region Federal Regional Court, in a historical analysis from 2007 to 2016, b) management documents: state health plan, multiannual plan, state oncology plan, annual management reports and c) interviews with management professionals and Implementation of cancer policy in Rio Grande do Norte. The data were then analyzed through the content analysis of Bardin (2011). The results showed that the main causes of cancer drug treatment in the newborns include: budgetary and financial constraints, existence of care gaps, inconsistency with providers of cancer services, lack of updating of clinical protocols involving cancer drugs, difficulties in diagnosing cancer and In the patients' access to SUS services. The drugs most demanded judicially (2007-2016) were: trastuzumab, rituximab, temozolamide, sunitinib, bevacizumab, bortezomide, sorafenib and cetuximab, with breast cancer and non-hodgkin lymphoma being the most prevalent in decisions. It has been shown that, for public management, the effects are primarily negative and focused on budget and financial mismatch and the loss in the provision of services to the community. Nevertheless, this thesis points out possible alternatives to be applied by federative entities, both in the short term and in the long term, that are able to mitigate the possible damages to the public health service, requiring the commitment of all those involved in favor of the greater good: public cancer care being provided with excellence and comprehensiveness for all who need cancer treatments in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Thus, the present thesis subsidizes public management, as it analyzes jointly the causes, effects and alternatives involving the judicialization and oncology in the NN, allowing strategies to be drawn up simultaneously to reduce the negative effects of the judicialization, to increase the capacity for debate Involving the positive effects and, therefore expanding the implementation of cancer policy throughout the state.

Para o presente trabalho, três testemunhos foram amostrados nos manguezais João Cardoso (JC), Ipaneminha (IPA) e Perequê (PE), localizados na face norte da llha do Cardoso. Estudo interdisciplinar envonveldo descrições faciológica, análise granulométrica, datação 14C, análises isotópicas e elementares de C e N e palinologia foram realizados com o objetivo de descrever a evolução sedimentar e da vegetação, com inferâncias climáticas. Entre 250 a 166 cm, o testemunho JC é composto de areia média creme-acinzentada base gradando para areia muito-fina cinza, com idades de 33.000 (198cm) e 29.400 anos cal. A.P. (166cm), carbono orgânico total (COT) de 0,044 a 0,633%, nitrogênio total (NT) de 0,002 a 0,017%, C/N de 7 a 30, \'delta\'13C de -18,49 a -24,46%o e \'delta\'15N de 2,48 a 8,13%o), indicativos de matéria orgânica terrestre de plantas C3 e C4 e algas/fitoplâncton. A palinologia mostra predomínio de elementos arbóreos dos táxons Alchornea, Drymis, Ilex, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus e Weinmannia (até 10%, cada) e esporos de Cyathea e Polypodiaceae (30%), característico de clima frio e úmido. De 166 a 70 cm a fácies apresenta areia média com estratificação cruzada plano-paralela marcada por areia/argila cinza escura, indicando ambiente praial de inframaré. Esta camada representa um hiato de ~27.000 anos cal. A.P. de sedimentação original, provavelmente erodidos durante transgresão Santos. Os testemunhos IPA e PE apresentam camada semelhante, iniciando na base (170 e 140cm, respectivamente), até aprox. 60 cm. A 163 cm no testemunho IPA foi obtida idade de ~2200 anos AP e ausência de palinomorfos. Sobre a camada da areia, nos três testemunhos, depositam-se sedimentos arenosos/argilosos bioturbados, com abundantes fragmentos/raízes vegetais e conchas. A partir de ~850 anos cal. A.P. (testemunho IPA - 50cm), a variação nos valores elementares e isotópicos de C e N indicam a substituição do predomínio de M.O. fitoplanctônica para M.O. de plantas C3, ainda com influência do fitoplâncton (COT: 0,15 a 12,8%; NT: 0,01 a 0,48%; \'delta\'13C: - 21,00 até - 29,00%o; \'delta\'15N: 8,00 a 3,40%o). A palinologia mostra um padrão semelhante nos três testemunhos. Os táxons Alchornea, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Hedyosmum, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Sloanea, Weinmannia são os mais representativos entre os arbóreos (até 10%). Esporos de Cyathea e Polypodium e grãos de pólen de Poaceae e Cyperaceae correspondem a aprox. 30% da soma total, pouco variando. Estes valores indicam a presença das formações da Floresta Atlântica e da Restinga na região durante todo o período. O táxon Rhizophora sofre aumento neste período de 5 para até 22% nos dias atuais. Infere-se presença de manguezal na região e seu subsequente estabelecimento no local. Palinoforaminíferos e dinocistos são abundantes (até 15%) na base da camada, diminuindo em frequência para o topo (4%). Estes dados mostram uma progressiva diminuição na influência marinha, evoluindo de ambientes intermaré para ambiente de supramaré, devido à redução do nível marinho local durante o Holoceno tardio. Estes dados contribuem para o entendimento da evolução paleoambiental no litoral sul do Estado de São Paulo desde o Pleistoceno Tardio
For the present work, three cores where sampled on the \"João Cardoso (JC)\", \"Ipaneminha (IPA)\" and \"Perequê (PE)\" mangroves, located at the northern face of the Cardoso Island. A interdisciplinary study involving facies, radiocarbon dating, elementary and isotopic carbon and nitrogen, granulometric and palynological analysis were carried with the objective of describing the vegetation and sedimentary evolution, with climatic inferences. Between 250 and 166 cm, the JC core is primarily constituted by grayish medium sand progressing to very fine sand, with ages of ~33.000 (198cm) and ~29.450 (166) cal yr AP. Total Organic Carbon (TOC) of 0,044% to 0,633%, Total Nitrogen (NT) of 0,001 to 0,017%, C/N ratios of 7 to 30, \'delta\'13C of -18,49 to -24,46%o and \'delta\'15N of 2,48 to 8,13%o indicates mixture of C3and C4 terrestrial plants and phytoplantonic sources. Palynology show predominance of the arboreal elements Alchornea, Drymis, Ilex, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus e Weinmannia (up to 10% of total, each) , Cyathea and Polypodium spores (up to 20%), caracteristic of humid and cold climate. From 166 to 70 cm the facies show plane-paralell cross-bedded stratification marked by dark gray medium sand, indicating an inter-tidal environment. This layer represents a hiatus of ca. ~27.000 yr of original sedimentation, probably eroded on the Santos marine transgression. Cores IPA and PE presents similar facies at their bases (170 and 140 cm, respectively) up to near 60 cm. At 163 cm, the IPA core shows age of ~2.000 cal yr AP, and no palynomorphs. On top of this sandy facies are layers of sandy/silty/clayey bioturbated sediments, with an abundance of root, shells and plant debris. Since . ~850 cal yr AP, the isotopic and elementary values show a gradual substitution of the phytoplanctonic source of the sedimentary organic matter to a terrestrial C3 plant source on the three cores. Palynology also shows a similar pattern between the three records?, with Alchornea, Arecaceae, Fabaceae, Hedyosmum, Myrsine, Myrtaceae, Podocarpus, Sloanea, Weinmannia taxons the most well represented between the trees, with Cyathea e Polypodium, Poaceae e Cyperaceae with up to 30% of the total. These are characteristic of the Pluvial and sandbank forests. Rhizophora show an increase in this period from 5 to 22%, indicating the establishment and evolution of the mangrove vegetation on the area since ~850 cal yr AP. Palinoforaminifera and dinocyst show a diminishing pattern (from 15 to 4%) through this period, indicating a progressive decrease of the marine influence at the area, evolving an intertidal to a supratidal zone, following a decrease of local sea level during the late Holocene. This data contributes to a better understanding of the late Pleistocene environment evolution in the southeastern Brazilian coast

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O Programa de Aquisi??o de Alimentos (PAA) ? uma das pol?ticas propostas pelo governo, no ano de 2003, que tem como foco a agricultura familiar no Brasil. Esse programa tem como objetivo comercializar os produtos da agricultura familiar, atrav?s da compra institucional, incentivando a produ??o e promovendo a??es que possam melhorar a qualidade da alimenta??o de pessoas em situa??o de risco alimentar, e tem funcionado, em certa medida, como complemento ao Programa de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF). O presente estudo tem como foco analisar as mudan?as socioterritoriais observadas no Rio Grande do Norte, em decorr?ncia da implanta??o do PAA. Para isso, realizou-se uma discuss?o sobre territ?rio e norma (considerando a pol?tica p?blica como tal), procedimento importante para se compreender como a norma influencia nas mudan?as territoriais, criando novas rela??es sociais e territoriais. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa, utilizaram-se textos cient?ficos e institucionais sobre o tema; realizou-se aplica??o de 97 question?rios com agricultores fornecedores do PAA e entrevistas com os gestores do programa em ?mbito federal (MDA), estadual (CONAB e EMATER) e municipal (EMATER local e Secretarias de Agricultura). Procedeu-se, ainda, a an?lise das pol?ticas p?blicas sociais, na busca de se entender o contexto em que o PAA se insere nas pol?ticas p?blicas direcionadas ? agricultura familiar, a partir de 1980, com a redemocratiza??o do Brasil. A partir das informa??es coletadas no trabalho de campo e dos dados secund?rios, foram elaborados os mapas, as tabelas, os gr?ficos e os cartogramas. Isso permitiu tra?ar o perfil socioecon?mico da agricultura familiar no Rio Grande do Norte, assim como dos inqueridos na pesquisa. Diante disso, constatou-se que o PAA de fato representa avan?os na pol?tica p?blica voltada para a agricultura familiar. No entanto, apesar de o programa ser essencial para a emancipa??o dos agricultores familiares, muito ainda deve ser feito para que a realidade do campo e da agricultura familiar no Rio Grande do Norte apresente mudan?as significativas.
The Acquisition Food Program (Programa de Aquisi??o de Alimentos ? PAA) is one of the governmental public politics proposed, in the year of 2003, that has the focus in the family-run farm in Brazil. This Program has as objectives: commercialize the familyrun farm products, bought by the government agencies; to encourage production, and promoting actions that improve quality food of people facing starving risk. This Program has been working, to some extent, as complement to the Program of family-run farm Enhancement (PRONAF). The present study has as its focus to analyse the social territorials changes observed in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, as a result of the PAA implementation. In this sense, it was promoted a discussion between territory and rules. I this work, public politics are understood as rules. This procedure was important in order to understand how the rules have influenced territorial changes, creating new social and territorial relations. In the research process was used scientific and institutional texts on the subject. It was applied a quiz with 97 PAA?s supplying farmers, and interviews were done with the Program managers in Federal (MDA), State (CONAB and EMATER) and municipal (local office of EMATER and Departments of Agriculture) levels. Social public politics were also analyzed with the aim of understand the context where PAA is situated in relation with the public politics directed to familyrun farm as a whole since 1980, within new Brazilian democratization process. With the information collected in the field, plus the secondary data, maps, charts, tables and cartograms were made. With all of this, a socio-economical profile of the family-run farm in the Rio Grande do Norte was traced, as well as the included in this research. Before this picture, we concluded that PAA indeed represents a forward in public politics directed to family-run farm. However, in spite of the importance of the Program for the family-run farmers to come of age, but in order to the rural and family-run farm reality in the Rio Grande do Norte come to present meaningful changes much still remain to be done.

MATOS FILHO, Jo?o. A descentraliza??o das Pol?ticas de desenvolvimento rural - uma an?lise da experi?ncia do Rio Grande do Norte. 2002. 259f. Tese (Doutorado em Ci?ncias Econ?micas)? Instituto de Economia da Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, 2002.
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Analisa as principais experi?ncias de gest?o descentralizada de programas de desenvolvimento rural no estado do Rio Grande do Norte e procura avaliar em que medida o Projeto de Combate ? Pobreza Rural (PCPR) e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) est?o contribuindo para o fortalecimento econ?mico e social das organiza??es comunit?rias e dos seus quadros de associados. Examina os distintos significados e a multiplicidade de usos do processo de descentraliza??o nas organiza??es p?blicas e na gest?o dos programas de desenvolvimento rural. Reconstitui as caracter?sticas das experi?ncias de descentraliza??o na trajet?ria dos principais programas de desenvolvimento rural no Rio Grande do Norte. Examina as especificidades do atual padr?o de gest?o descentralizada de pol?ticas de desenvolvimento rural segundo o discurso de lideran?as pol?ticas, sindicais, religiosas e comunit?rias e realiza uma an?lise comparada da gest?o descentralizada do PCPR e do PRONAF no Rio Grande do Norte. Registra que a experi?ncia com a implementa??o descentralizada de programas de desenvolvimento rural n?o ? um fen?meno novo no Rio Grande do Norte; ao contr?rio, ? um fen?meno antigo e recorrente que mais uma vez se apresenta justificado pelo discurso da descentraliza??o e da participa??o social. O que h? de novo ? o aprofundamento do processo de descentraliza??o, materializado na transfer?ncia de recursos financeiros e de poder decis?rio para as prefeituras municipais, conselhos municipais e organiza??es comunit?rias,configurando distintos desenhos institucionais que ora descentralizam, ora re-centralizam a gest?o p?blica no ?mbito local. A an?lise explorat?ria dos dados evidenciou a exist?ncia de desempenho diferenciado entre esses dois programas ou dentro de um mesmo programa, denotando a import?ncia relativa de fatores como capacidade de planejamento, capacidade de assessoramento t?cnico e n?mero de organiza??es comunit?rias executoras de projetos como fatores explicativos desse desempenho. programas de desenvolvimento rural, pol?tica, gest?o descentralizada. ABSTRACT: This thesis analyzes the most important experiences in decentralized management of rural development programs in state of Rio Grande do Norte and looks forward to evaluate in which manner specific programs directed to rural poverty and familiar agriculture are contributing to strength community organizations and to increase the income levels of their memberships. It examines different meanings and multiple uses of decentralization process inside public organizations and on the management of rural development programs. It reconstitutes the characteristics of decentralization experiences on the rural development programs implementation in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. It examines specificities of the actual standard rural decentralized management of rural development policies, according to speeches of politic, syndicate, religious and communitarian leaders. It makes a comparative analyses between two of the most important rural development programs in Rio Grande do Norte, that is, the ?Projeto de Combate ? Pobreza Rural? (PCPR), financed by the World Bank, and the ?Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF)?, financed by the Brazilian Federal Government. These programs have been implemented by the federal, state and local governments with the participation of the civil society, organized on several institutions, like municipal councils, non-government organizations and civil associations. It concludes that the establishment of rural development decentralized program is not a new phenomenon; to the contrary, it is an ancient and recurrent one, which once more presents justified by decentralization and social participation speech. What is a new fact on that is to deepen the decentralization process, making it real through the transfer of financial resources and administration to local governments, municipal councils, non-government organizations and civil associations, demonstrating different institutional designs which may contributes to decentralize but also to centralize the traditional forms of local government. The exploratory analysis suggests the existence of different performances between the two programs or inside only one program, denoting the relative importance of some factors as: capable of planning, capable of giving technical assistance and the number of community organizations that execute projects as those ones that can explain this performance

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A tese intitulada Programa de Assessoria T?cnica, Social e Ambiental (ATES): uma avalia??o de processo no RN (2004-2010) teve como objetivo norteador avaliar as estrat?gias de implementa??o do Programa ATES (2004-2010). Para a consecu??o do objetivo exposto, a base fundante foi o seguinte problema de pesquisa: existem diferen?as nas estrat?gias utilizadas pelas institui??es governamentais e n?o governamentais no processo de implanta??o do programa nos assentamentos rurais de reforma agr?ria? A hip?tese que subsidiou foi: o modelo de implementa??o do Programa ATES, realizado nos assentamentos rurais do RN pelas institui??es governamentais, ? do tipo top-down: o modelo das institui??es n?o governamentais ? do tipo bottom-up, considerando as estrat?gias utilizadas pelos agentes na implementa??o. O problema de pesquisa teve como g?nese as poss?veis diferen?as na implementa??o da ATES nos assentamentos: Moacir Lucena, em Apodi, Monte Alegre I, em Upanema, e Cabelo de Negro, em Mossor?. Dessa forma, para averiguar o que se prop?s inicialmente, utilizou-se como recurso metodol?gico a pesquisa bibliogr?fica do tipo explorat?ria, a pesquisa de campo nos assentamentos citados, configurando-se um estudo de caso m?ltiplo (uma vez que foram trabalhados tr?s assentamentos). Somaram-se a esses recursos os instrumentos para coletas de dados: entrevista com agentes extensionistas governamentais e n?o governamentais, e question?rios mistos com os benefici?rios do programa no per?odo citado. Recorreu-se concomitantemente a dois funcion?rios do INCRA, ?rg?o respons?vel por toda a organiza??o do programa no Rio Grande do Norte. A priori averiguou-se que o processo de implementa??o ? marcado pela descontinuidade, fragmenta??o e por a??es pontuais, interesses e ideologias, resultando em realidades bastante diferenciadas nos assentamentos estudados. Adicionam4r-se a esse aspecto as estrat?gias utilizadas, do tipo top-down, por parte dos agentes governamentais, e bottom-up, pelos agentes extensionistas das organiza??es n?o governamentais. Assim, o modus operandi, de acordo com o NEPP da UNICAMP (1999), consiste em escolhas, interesses, prefer?ncias, op??es e ideologias, impulsionando para uma implanta??o diferente de um mesmo programa, no mesmo per?odo (temporalidade). Isso resultou num hiato entre o que preconizou o programa avaliado e a realidade e cotidiano dos sujeitos pesquisados.
The thesis entitled Social and Environmental Technical Assistance Program (ATES): a process evaluation in RN (2004-2010) aimed to evaluate the implementation strategies of ATES Program (2004-2010). For achieving the exposed goal, the basis was the following research problem: there are differences in the strategies used by governmental and non-governmental organizations in the process of implementation of the program of rural settlements of agrarian reform? The hypothesis that supported the thesis was: the implementation model of ATES Program, conducted in rural settlements of RN by government institutions, is top-down; the model of non-governmental institutions is bottom-up, considering the strategies used by agents in implementation. The research problem had as genesis the possible differences in the implementation of ATES in the settlements: Moacir Lucena, in Apodi, Monte Alegre I, in Upanema, and Cabelo de Negro, in Mossor?. Thus, to investigate what was proposed initially, it was used as methodological resource the exploratory bibliographic research, the field research in the settlements mentioned, setting a multiple case study (since three settlements were surveyed). Were added to these features the tools for data collection: interviews with governmental and non-governmental extension agents, and mixed questionnaires with the beneficiaries of the program in the period mentioned. It was resorted concomitantly to two INCRA officials, the organ responsible for all organization of the program in Rio Grande do Norte. A priori it was found that the implementation process is characterized by discontinuity, fragmentation and by punctual actions, interests and ideologies, resulting in very different realities in the settlements studied. Are added to this aspect the strategies used, either top-down, by the government agents, and bottom-up, by extension agents of non-governmental organizations. Thus, the modus operandi, according to the NEPP of UNICAMP (1999) consists in choices, interests, preferences, options and ideologies, driving for a different implementation of a same program, in a same period (temporal). This resulted in a gap between what the program evaluated advocated and reality and everyday life of the subjects studied.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico
Since the first years of the regulation of Psychology as a profession in Brazil, it has been carried out studies on the academic graduation, practice, workplace and the social commitment of the category. Despite the diversity of goals and propositions, these studies show that psychologists have been significantly inserted into the social policies field, implying changes in the profession. Since the 1980s, researches in Rio Grande do Norte corroborate the results of national studies. The aim of this paper is to study the insertion and professional career of psychologists in the social policies field in Rio Grande do Norte. In order to accomplish the final results of this paper, it was developed an exploratory research, with the use of a questionnaire, comprised of four parts: general data, academic graduation, complementary graduation and professional experience. The results show three groups of information: characterization, insertion and professional performance. It has been verified expressive insertion of psychologists into the social policies field (41%). The socio-demographic and graduation characteristics are not different from those shown by literature: women, young, from families with an average of 7 to 15 minimum wages. Most of them graduated from public institutions and with post-graduation studies in clinical area. The professionals studied seem to be in worse working conditions compared to the rest of the category, which are also in unfavorable conditions, especially the psychologists who work in social assistance institutions, which present greater problems in its structure. The activities developed do not show anything new, reserving conservative practices instead of effective innovations, emphasizing the discussion on the profession for not considering demands presented to the psychologists in the social policies field. With unique scenario, the eproduction of liberal values corroborates classic performance standards; an unpolitical and uncritical practice is diffused. It is then reconsidered the importance of critical studies that organize goals to the category, with the aim of political transformation concerning the current scenario.
Desde os primeiros anos da regulamenta??o da profiss?o de psic?logo no Brasil, t?m-se realizado estudos que versam sobre forma??o, pr?tica, locais de atua??o e compromisso social da categoria. Apesar da diversidade de objetivos e propostas, esses estudos constatam que psic?logos t?m se inserido significativamente no campo das pol?ticas sociais, implicando mudan?as na profiss?o. Desde a d?cada de 1980, pesquisas no Rio Grande do Norte corroboram resultados de estudos nacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho ? estudar a inser??o e a atua??o profissional do psic?logo no campo das pol?ticas sociais no Rio Grande do Norte. Para consecu??o deste, desenvolveu-se pesquisa explorat?ria, com uso de question?rio, composto por quatro partes: dados gerais, forma??o acad?mica, forma??o complementar e exerc?cio profissional. Os resultados apontam tr?s grupos de informa??es: caracteriza??o, inser??o e atua??o profissionais. Constatou-se inser??o significativa do psic?logo no campo das pol?ticas sociais (41%). Suas caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas e de forma??o n?o diferem das apresentadas pela literatura: mulheres, jovens, advindas de fam?lia entre 7 e 15 Sal?rios-M?nimos. Maior parte ? graduada em institui??o p?blica e faz especializa??o na ?rea cl?nica. Os profissionais estudados aparentam estar em piores condi??es de trabalho, se comparado ao resto da categoria, que j? apresenta condi??es desfavor?veis, com destaque para os psic?logos que atuam em institui??es de Assist?ncia Social, com maior precariza??o. As atividades desenvolvidas n?o apresentam novidade, com consolida??o de pr?ticas conservadoras, ao inv?s de inova??es efetivas, enfatizando o questionamento ? profiss?o, por n?o contemplar demandas apresentadas ao profissional de Psicologia no campo das pol?ticas sociais. Com este cen?rio ?nico, de reprodu??o de valores liberais, corroboram-se padr?es cl?ssicos de atua??o, propaga-se e difunde-se uma pr?tica apol?tica e acr?tica. Reitera-se a import?ncia de estudos cr?ticos, que organize metas para a categoria, com intuito de transforma??es pol?ticas que contemplem o cen?rio atual

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The Family Health Program implemented in Brazilian municipalities from 1994 represents today the most promising proposal to promote important changes in municipality`s health systems, to allow universal access to health care, comprehensiveness, equity and to promote social control, achievements provided by the health reform process and incorporated to the Unified Health System principles. However, many are the challenges imposed to the Family Health Program so that it can cause these advances. In this study, we aimed to answer the following research question: what are the results of the Family Health Program in relation to beneficiaries at small, medium and large municipalities? The hypothesis that guided this work was that the variation in levels of achievement/results (strict, impacts and effects) of the Family Health Program is related to the size of the municipalities. Therefore, our general aim was to evaluate the results of the Family Health Program in municipalities at Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. And as specific objectives, to measure strict results, effects and impacts of the Program, from the criteria of efficiency and effectiveness on the beneficiated population, and to measure the Program`s impact on the organization of municipality`s health system. This is an impact assessment research, developed from multiple case studies with quanti-qualitative approach. The study included small municipalities (Acari and Taipu), midsize (Canguaretama and Santa Cruz) and large (Natal and Mossor?). The individuals chosen to the research were users/beneficiaries of the Program and health professionals. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and content analysis compared from the Program`s logical /theoretical model. The results obtained in relation to the principles evaluated (universality, comprehensiveness and community participation) presented that municipalities show different results, although not directly related to the size, but related with characteristics of the Program`s implementation form in each municipality and the arrangements made for its operationalization. The positive effect that generated significant change in people`s lives has been linked to the increase of access and to the decrease of geographic barriers. However, to the municipal health system, regarding the changes desired by the Program, it was not observed a positive impact, but a negative impact related to the increase of barriers for the user to access other levels of the health system
O Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia implantado nos munic?pios brasileiros a partir de 1994 representa hoje a proposta mais promissora para se promover mudan?as importantes nos sistemas municipais de sa?de, de forma a permitir o acesso universal ? assist?ncia ? sa?de, a integralidade, a equidade e promover o controle social, conquistas previstas pelo processo de reforma sanit?ria e incorporadas aos princ?pios do SUS. No entanto, muitos s?o os desafios impostos para que o PSF possa provocar estes avan?os. Neste estudo procuramos responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: quais s?o os resultados do Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia em rela??o aos benefici?rios em munic?pios de pequeno, m?dio e grande porte? A hip?tese que orientou a realiza??o do trabalho foi que a varia??o nos n?veis de realiza??o/resultados (estritos, impactos e efeitos) do Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia est? relacionada ao porte dos munic?pios. Para tanto, tivemos como objetivo geral avaliar os resultados do Programa Sa?de da Fam?lia nos munic?pios do Rio Grande do Norte. E como objetivos espec?ficos aferir os resultados estritos, os efeitos e impactos do programa, a partir dos crit?rios de efic?cia e efetividade sobre a popula??o benefici?ria; e aferir o impacto do programa sobre a organiza??o do sistema municipal de sa?de. Trata-se de uma pesquisa de avalia??o de impacto, desenvolvida a partir do estudo de casos m?ltiplos com abordagem quanti-qualitativa. Participaram do estudo os munic?pios de pequeno porte (Acari e Taipu), de m?dio porte (Canguaretama e Santa Cruz) e de grande porte (Natal e Mossor?). Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram os usu?rios/benefici?rios do programa e os profissionais de sa?de. A an?lise dos dados foi realizada atrav?s da estat?stica descritiva e da an?lise do conte?do comparada a partir do modelo l?gico/te?rico do programa. Os resultados obtidos no que se referem aos princ?pios avaliados (universaliza??o, integralidade e participa??o comunit?ria) nos mostram que os munic?pios apresentaram resultados distintos, por?m sem rela??o direta com o porte, mas com caracter?sticas da forma de implementa??o do programa em cada munic?pio e com os arranjos realizados para sua operacionaliza??o. O efeito positivo que gerou mudan?a significativa na vida das pessoas esteve vinculado ao aumento do acesso e diminui??o das barreiras geogr?ficas. No entanto, para o sistema municipal de sa?de, no que tange ?s mudan?as pretendidas pelo programa n?o observamos impacto positivo, mas sim, impacto negativo relativo a um aumento das barreiras para o usu?rio ter acesso aos demais n?veis do sistema de sa?de

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Muito j? foi dito sobre a constitui??o hist?rica do fen?meno que hoje nos referimos por mobilidade, seja no contesto interno ou em propor??es maiores, conectando pessoas com lugares v?rios mundo afora, o que torna a pr?pria defini??o de mobilidade um tema de debates e controv?rsias. A ?ltima d?cada foi particularmente favor?vel ao reconhecimento da exist?ncia do processo que leva um contingente cada vez maior de pessoas a viver em situa??o de mobilidade, fruto de fen?menos universais de ordem econ?mica, ecol?gica e sociopol?tica. Neste contexto s?o elaborados diversos esfor?os para possibilitar compreens?o e/ou esclarecimentos sobre a popula??o em situa??o de mobilidade enquanto sujeitos de direitos organizados em torno de suas pr?prias demandas. Tradicionalmente entendidos como inaptos para a organiza??o pol?tica, passam a elaborar suas pr?prias reivindica??es, de modo a obter reconhecimento como um segmento que necessita ser atendido segundo as especificidades deste modo de vida. A partir da pesquisa etnogr?fica iniciada em 2015, na cidade de Santo Ant?nio e Serrinha, cidades localizadas na Regi?o denominada pelo IBGE de Agreste do RN, a proposta tem enfoque particular em eventos recentes e na mem?ria de agentes envolvidos com o processo de mobilidade da popula??o do Agreste do Rio Grande do Norte. Por fim, trata-se de indicar apontamentos sobre como a pr?tica de viver em mobilidade, entendida por muito tempo como ?processo migrat?rio?, se transforma em objeto de pol?ticas p?blicas estatal a partir da mobiliza??o coletiva para o reconhecimento de suas especificidades.
Beaucoup a ?t? dit ? propos de l'?volution historique du ph?nom?ne qui aujourd'hui nous nous r?f?rons ? la mobilit?, que ce soit dans le diff?rend domestique ou dans des proportions plus importantes, relier les gens avec des endroits nombreux dans le monde, ce qui rend la d?finition de la mobilit? un sujet de d?bat et de controverse. La derni?re d?cennie a ?t? particuli?rement favorable ? la reconnaissance de l'existence du processus qui conduit un nombre croissant de personnes vivant dans une situation de mobilit?, le r?sultat de ph?nom?nes universels des droits ?conomiques, ?cologiques et socio-politique. Dans ce contexte, il est fait divers efforts pour permettre la compr?hension et / ou une clarification de la population en situation de mobilit? comme sujets de droits organis?s autour de leurs propres exigences. Traditionnellement consid?r?e comme impropre ? l'organisation politique, commencer ? d?velopper leurs propres exigences, afin d'obtenir la reconnaissance comme un segment qui doit ?tre r?pondu en fonction des sp?cificit?s de ce mode de vie. De la recherche ethnographique qui a commenc? en 2015 dans la ville de Santo Ant?nio et Serrinha, villes situ?es dans la r?gion appel?e par l'IBGE RN Agreste, la proposition a un accent particulier sur les ?v?nements r?cents et les agents de m?moire impliqu?s dans le processus de mobilit? de la population de Rio Grande do Norte Agreste. Enfin, il est indiqu? des notes sur la pratique de la vie ? la mobilit?, compris tant que ?processus de migration?, devient l'objet de la politique publique de l'?tat de la mobilisation collective pour la reconnaissance de leurs sp?cificit?s.

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A produ??o do ambiente constru?do em larga escala na forma de moradias promovida pelo Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), tem gerado um conjunto de resultados positivos e negativos em diversas cidades do Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Dentre esses resultados ? poss?vel destacar a transforma??o da paisagem e da configura??o dos espa?os urbanos; a dinamiza??o da economia e a gera??o de postos de trabalho; as implica??es sobre o d?ficit habitacional e as condi??es de habitabilidade de fam?lias de baixa renda; e uma s?rie de problemas socioespaciais tais como, especula??o imobili?ria, encarecimento da terra e da moradia, periferiza??o residencial, segrega??o e o endividamento de fam?lias de baixa renda. Diante da extens?o do recorte espacial definido a priori (o territ?rio do RN), da grande heterogeneidade de seu quadro urbano e dos rebatimentos desiguais do Programa no territ?rio, optou-se por organiz?-lo em tr?s recortes espaciais menores para melhor operacionalizar a pesquisa do ponto de vista metodol?gico: a Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), Mossor? na condi??o particular de cidade m?dia e as pequenas cidades do estado. A defini??o de tais recortes constitui uma ferramenta metodol?gica elaborada com duplo objetivo: 1) para contornar a grande heterogeneidade do quadro urbano do estado, colocando uma variedade significativa de cidades com caracter?sticas comuns dentro de recortes espaciais maiores e mais homog?neos, a fim de operacionalizar melhor o desenvolvimento da an?lise diante de um grande universo emp?rico de situa??es particulares; 2) demonstrar como o Programa se espacializa, com seus resultados e contradi??es, de forma distinta em cada conjunto de cidades, acarretando consequ?ncias socioespaciais, sobremodo variadas. Isto p?e em relevo o poder contingente das condi??es pr?-existentes de cada contexto urbano local, enquanto determinante fundamental dos resultados do Programa no RN e define, por conseguinte, a hip?tese de trabalho desta pesquisa. Esta postula que cada um desses recortes n?o constitui um mero reflexo da realidade, eles interferem nos processos sociais como um todo, e, portanto, em aspectos centrais do Programa, como na predomin?ncia do tipo de faixa de renda; no valor das habita??es; na localiza??o dos empreendimentos; no tipo de financiamento para aquisi??o das habita??es; na quantidade de empreendimentos; nos resultados de redu??o do d?ficit habitacional; e na qualidade estrutural e est?tica dos im?veis e assentamentos. Assim, o objetivo central do presente trabalho consiste em analisar o processo e os resultados do desenvolvimento desigual do PMCMV sobre a realidade urbana do RN, a partir da influ?ncia dos conte?dos particulares de tr?s tipologias urbanas distintas. A fim de alcan?ar tal objetivo optamos pela combina??o de abordagens metodol?gicas de cunho te?rico e de coleta de dados secund?rios, enfatizando essencialmente o car?ter e os aspectos gerais do objeto em tela, e de abordagens metodol?gicas emp?rico-quantitativas, privilegiando a coleta de dados concretos in loco, a fim de propiciar informa??es palp?veis, essenciais ? compreens?o da materializa??o desigual do PMCMV no quadro urbano do RN.
The production of the built environment on a large scale, in the form of villas, promoted by the Programa Minha Casa Minha Vida (PMCMV), has generated a set of positive and negative results in several cities of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). Among these results it is possible to highlight the transformation of the landscape and the configuration of urban spaces; the dynamisation of the economy and generation of jobs; the implications about the housing shortage and living conditions of low-income families; and a series of problems sociospatial such as, real-estate speculation, the rising price of land and housing, towards suburban areas, residential segregation and the level of indebtedness of low-income families. Before the extension of the clipping space defined a priori (the territory of the RN), the large heterogeneity of its urban and bounces unequal of the Program in the territory, we chose to arrange it in three cutouts smaller spaces to better operationalize the research from the methodological point of view: the Regi?o Metropolitana de Natal (RMN), Mossor?, in the particular condition of the average city and the smaller towns of the state. The definition of such cutouts is a methodological tool developed with a twofold objective: 1) to work around the large heterogeneity of the urban of the state, putting a significant variety of cities with common characteristics within the cutouts larger spatial and more homogeneous, in order to operationalize better the development of the analysis on a large universe of empirical situations; 2) demonstrate how the Program spatializes, with their results and contradictions, in the different form in each set of cities, leading to consequences sociospatial, exceedingly varied. This highlights the power quota of the pre-existing conditions of each urban context the site, while important determinant of the results of the Program in the RN and defines, therefore, the hypothesis of the thesis proposal of this work. This posits that each of these cutouts is not a mere reflection of reality, they interfere in the social processes as a whole, and, therefore, on the core aspects of the Program, such as in the predominance of the type of income range; in the value of housing; the location of the enterprises; on the type of financing for acquisition of housing; the quantity of the enterprises; on the results of the reduction of the housing deficit; and in the structural quality and aesthetics of buildings and settlements. Thus, the central goal of the present work is to analyze the process and the results of the uneven development of PMCMV on the urban reality of the RN, from the influence of the contents of the particular three urban typologies distinct. In order to reach this goal we have opted for the combination of methodological approaches related to theoretical and secondary data collection, emphasizing essentially the character and the general aspects of the object in the screen, and methodological approaches of empirical-quantitative, focusing on the collection of hard data in place, in order to provide tangible information, essential to the understanding of the materialization of unequal PMCMV in the framework of urban RN.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
As Redes Cooperativas de Pesquisa, Inova??o e Transfer?ncia de Tecnologia do Setor Petr?leo e G?s Natural nas Regi?es Norte e Nordeste (Redes N/NE) foram criadas ap?s a promulga??o da Lei do Petr?leo, atrav?s do Edital CT-Petro CNPq/Finep 03/2011, com o objetivo de produzir Ci?ncia, Tecnologia e Inova??o (CT&I), al?m formar recursos humanos capacitados na ?rea de Petr?leo e G?s Natural (P&G) atendendo as demandas do setor nas unidades federativas do Norte e Nordeste, direcionando recursos para infraestrutura, bolsas de pesquisa, como tamb?m articulando pesquisadores de diferentes institui??es e empresas inseridos em ambas as regi?es. Das 13 Redes N/NE formadas, tr?s foram lideradas pela Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Tendo em vista que as tr?s Redes N/NE coordenadas pela UFRN causaram rebatimentos na CT&I das unidades federativas das regi?es Norte e Nordeste, a presente investiga??o tem como quest?o central: quais os rebatimentos das Redes N/NE de P&G coordenadas pela UFRN na CT&I no Rio Grande do Norte? Partindo da hip?tese que essas tr?s Redes N/NE consolidaram compet?ncias de CT&I na ?rea de P&G no estado potiguar. Optamos por analisar os impactos da respectiva pol?tica p?blica de CT&I no Rio Grande do Norte, justamente por se tratar do principal estado produtor de petr?leo do Norte e Nordeste, pelo fato de que ? l? que os ?n?s? das tr?s Redes N/NE est?o situados e, consequentemente, por ser o local em que os impactos foram mais intensos. Visando solucionar a quest?o central proposta, adotamos alguns procedimentos metodol?gicos, nos quais destacamos: o levantamento bibliogr?fico atrav?s de trabalhos acad?micos que abordassem as redes de pesquisa, pol?ticas p?blicas de CT&I, setor de P&G do Rio Grande do Norte e Redes N/NE; as pesquisas de campo na UFRN, campus Natal, em que visitamos as instala??es expandidas e constru?das atrav?s dos recursos provenientes das Redes N/NE e de outras pol?ticas de CT&I na ?rea de P&G, al?m de realizarmos entrevistas com roteiros pr?-estruturados com os l?deres das tr?s Redes N/NE e com outros importantes atores; a utiliza??o do software ArcGIS 10.3, visando demonstrar as configura??es espaciais iniciais das Redes N/NE e as suas sucessivas reconfigura??es; coleta de dados secund?rios atrav?s da Plataforma Lattes e do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), a cerca da produ??o cient?fica, tecnol?gica e inovativa dos participantes das tr?s Redes N/NE inseridos na UFRN, com o intuito de mensurarmos e analisarmos os rebatimentos da pol?tica no Rio Grande do Norte. Em linhas gerais, os resultados demonstraram que as tr?s Redes N/NE produziram CT&I e formaram recursos humanos no estado potiguar ao longo dos dez anos de vig?ncia da pol?tica e que mesmo ap?s o seu fim, os pesquisadores ainda continuam desenvolvendo tais atividades, utilizando os laborat?rios adquiridos e os conhecimentos obtidos. Por fim, destacamos que as tr?s Redes N/NE lideradas pela UFRN consolidaram compet?ncias de CT&I na ?rea de P&G no Rio Grande do Norte, tendo em vista que antes da Lei do Petr?leo, nenhum dos pesquisadores da UFRN que veio a participar das Redes N/NE estudava o setor de P&G, e entre a sua promulga??o e o lan?amento do Edital, a maior parte deles ainda estava iniciando seus trabalhos na ?rea, mas sem laborat?rios adequados, articula??es com pesquisadores de outras institui??es e intera??es com o setor produtivo.
The Cooperative Networks for Research, Innovation and Technology Transfer of the Oil and Natural Gas Sector in the North and Northeast Regions (N/NE Networks) were created after the promulgation of the Petroleum Law, through the CT-Petro CNPq/ Finep 03/2011 , in order to produce Science, Technology and Innovation (ST&I), and to train qualified human resources in the area of Oil and Gas (O&G), meeting the sector's demands in the North and Northeast federative units, directing resources for infrastructure, research grants, also articulating researchers from different institutions and companies in both regions. Of the 13 N/NE Networks formed, three were led by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN). Considering that the three N/NE Networks coordinated by UFRN caused refutations in the ST&I of the federative units of the North and Northeast regions, the present research has as central question: which are the refutations of the three N/NE Networks coordinated by UFRN in STI in the Rio Grande do Norte? Based on the hypothesis that these three N/NE Networks consolidated ST&I competences in the O&G area in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. We chose to analyze the impacts of the respective public policy of STI in Rio Grande do Norte, precisely because it is the main oil producing state in the North and Northeast, because it is there that the nodes of the three N/NE Networks are located and, consequently, as the place where the impacts were most intense. In order to solve the proposed central issue, we adopted some methodological procedures, in which we highlight: the bibliographical survey through academic works that approached the research networks, public policies of ST&I, O&G sector of Rio Grande do Norte and Networks N/NE; The field surveys at UFRN, campus Natal, where we visited the facilities expanded and built through resources from the N/NE Networks and other ST &I policies in the O&G area, in addition to conducting interviews with pre-structured scripts with the leaders of the three N/NE Networks and with other important actors; We use of ArcGIS 10.3 software to demonstrate the initial spatial configurations of the N/NE Networks and their successive reconfigurations; Secondary data collection through the Lattes Platform and the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI), about the scientific, technological and innovative production of the participants of the three N/NE Networks inserted in the UFRN, with the purpose of measuring and analyzing the policy in Rio Grande do Norte. In general terms, the results showed that the three N/NE Networks produced ST&I and formed human resources in the state during the ten years of the policy, and that even after its end, researchers continue to develop such activities using the laboratories acquired and the knowledge obtained. Finally, we highlight that the three N NE Networks led by UFRN consolidated ST&I competencies in the O&G area in Rio Grande do Norte, considering that before to the Petroleum Law, none of the UFRN researchers who participated in the N/NE studied the O&G sector, and between its promulgation and the announcement, most of them were still starting their work in the area, but without adequate laboratories, articulations with researchers from other institutions and interactions with the productive sector.

My project examines the phenomenon of the hazy spaces on the periphery of the antebellum imagination that, while existing geographically at the very fringes of daily American life, are nonetheless active in the conceptualization, production, and representation of an idiosyncratic American sense of space: an anxiety of spatial fragmentation, formlessness, and modulation. In particular I am interested in Poe's “The Narrative of Arthur Gordon Pym” and Melville's “Benito Cereno,” both of which deal with American transoceanic travel to the proximity of Antarctica and its surrounding seas. These gothicized nautical fictions demonstrate an important dialectic playing out in these extreme spaces: the oscillating experience of external and closed space. What becomes detectable in antebellum literature in which spaces of enclosure interrupt expansiveness are far-reaching, deeply-rooted anxieties of an ever-transforming American space at risk of fragmenting and necessitating reorientation via the sort of imaginary travel texts being examined.

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To the observe the periods of electoral campaigns, we can realize sharply the abundance of political propaganda that announces the candidates, their campaign record, their proposed and everything that can carry them to the victory in the urns. The propaganda is today an essential tool in the votes dispute, in consequence of this, there is, in Brazil, the increasing participation of the Politics Parties in seminars of electoral marketing. They are varied strategies of the media used in the divulging of the candidacies, among them the slogan. Instigated by the explicit relation media/political, this work intends to investigate the ideologies (values) announced by the slogans of political propaganda that circulated in electoral periods. Thus, we base on the theory of the Circle of Bakhtin, who considers the statement as unit of the verbal communication, and that conceives the language as phenomenon dialogical, and, too, in the conceptions of alien words, social voices and dialogical relations formulated by the referred theory. We use, for better to comprehend, the slogan as strategy mediatic, of the classical study done by Olivier Reboul concerning the slogan; and, like starting point of a conception about ideology, studied John Thompson to comprehends the ideological phenomenon. Our corpus it constitutes of 14 political slogans announced in the campaigns for mayor of the cities in Natal and Mossor?, both located in Rio Grande do Norte s state, Brazil, in 1996, 2000 and 2004. For the analysis of these slogans, we consider the social-historical context in which were announced, being contemplated the linguistic and discursive aspect, according to the following methodological order: the identification of alien words (interdiscours); the social voices and the kinds dialogical relations established; and, finally, the ideology announced by the statement. This way, we can arrive to the conclusion that in the electoral context occurs a true ideologies war , in other words, in the political game of an electoral campaign, the slogans announces different values, which vary in several factors function, for example, the historicity, the subject that enunciates, the discursive positionings.
Ao observarmos os per?odos de campanhas eleitorais, podemos perceber nitidamente a abund?ncia de propaganda pol?tica que divulga os candidatos, sua agenda de campanha, suas propostas e tudo o mais que possa lev?-los ? vit?ria nas urnas. A propaganda ? hoje uma ferramenta essencial na disputa de votos, em conseq??ncia disso, h?, no Brasil, a crescente participa??o dos partidos em semin?rios de marketing eleitoral. S?o variadas estrat?gias midi?ticas utilizadas na divulga??o das candidaturas, dentre elas o slogan. Instigados pela expl?cita rela??o m?dia/pol?tica, este trabalho pretende investigar as ideologias (valores) veiculadas pelos slogans de propaganda pol?tica que circularam em per?odos eleitorais. Para tanto, nos ancoramos na teoria do C?rculo de Bakhtin, que considera o enunciado como unidade da comunica??o verbal, e que concebe a linguagem como fen?meno dial?gico, e, ainda, nas concep??es de j?-dito, vozes sociais e rela??es dial?gicas formuladas pela referida teoria. Lan?amos m?o tamb?m, para melhor compreender o slogan como estrat?gia midi?tica, do estudo cl?ssico feito por Olivier Reboul acerca do slogan; e, como ponto de partida de uma concep??o sobre ideologia, vimos como John Thompson compreende o fen?meno ideol?gico. Nosso corpus constitui-se de 14 slogans pol?ticos veiculados nas campanhas para prefeito das cidades de Natal e Mossor?, ambas localizadas no estado Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil, em 1996, 2000 e 2004. Para a an?lise desses slogans, consideramos o contexto s?cio-hist?rico nos quais foram veiculados, sendo contemplado o aspecto ling??stico e discursivo, de acordo com a seguinte ordem metodol?gica: a identifica??o dos j?-ditos (interdiscurso); as vozes sociais e os tipos de rela??es dial?gicas estabelecidas; e, por fim, a ideologia veiculada pelo enunciado. Com isso, podemos chegar ? conclus?o de que no contexto eleitoral ocorre uma verdadeira guerra de ideologias, ou seja, no jogo pol?tico de uma campanha eleitoral, os slogans veiculam diferentes valores, que variam em fun??o de diversos fatores, por exemplo, a historicidade, os sujeitos enunciadores, os posicionamentos discursivos.

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The history of women has been an important thematic in the field of Historiography in recent years. Many History scholars have discussed thematics related to genre, pointing out their relationship and conflicts. These new thematics are also the result of a series of changing in history that bring out new problems, subjects and approaches. Our aim in this work is to analise the experience of women militants inserted into the student secondarist movement (ME) in Rio Grande do Norte in the years of 1980 s. Discussing the concepts of History and Spaces, we try to analise the political spaces of ME through public and private spaces that make part of the student militant life, pointing out the conflicts faced during their standing into the movement. To a better understanding of the ME political overview, we set a summary to point out the reconstruction of the student entities reorganized after the military governments, as well as we picture a general picture of this women s insertion in history. We use the oral source as the main methodological resource to the development of our work
A hist?ria das mulheres tem sido uma importante tem?tica no campo da historiografia nos ?ltimos tempos. V?rios historiadores se debru?am a discutir tem?ticas relacionadas aos g?neros, mostrando suas rela??es e conflitos. Essas novas tem?ticas s?o frutos tamb?m de uma s?rie de mudan?as na hist?ria que trazem novos problemas, objetos, e abordagens. Nosso objetivo neste trabalho ? analisar experi?ncia das militantes estudantis inseridas no movimento estudantil (ME) secundarista no Rio Grande do Norte nos anos de 1980. Discutindo os conceitos de Hist?ria e Espa?os, tentamos analisar o espa?o pol?tico do ME atrav?s das esferas p?blicas e privadas que comp?em a vida da militante estudantil, mostrando os conflitos enfrentados durante sua perman?ncia no movimento. Para um melhor entendimento do panorama pol?tico do ME, organizamos um resumo mostrando a reconstru??o das entidades estudantis reorganizadas ap?s os governos militares, bem como montamos um quadro dessa inser??o das mulheres na hist?ria. Utilizamos a fonte oral como principal recurso metodol?gico para a constru??o do nosso trabalho

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Os cuidados na aten??o a inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia no Brasil sempre foram motivo de discuss?o te?rica e metodol?gica. Em n?vel nacional, o modo de lidar com este p?blico sempre esteve em pauta, ora pela manuten??o de um tratamento assistencialista, ora pela express?o coercitiva e repressiva com a qual estes sujeitos em tratados. Diante do exposto, esta pesquisa apresenta um estudo aprofundado das pol?ticas sociais voltadas para inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia no Brasil, com a finalidade geral de investigar como se deu este o processo de implanta??o das pol?ticas p?blicas para as crian?as e adolescentes pobres no estado do RN. Em levantamentos pr?vios, foi identificado que n?o h? registros oficiais, no estado do RN, do processo de implementa??o das pol?ticas para esta popula??o. Foi realizado um retrospecto da aten??o voltada para a crian?a e para o adolescente no Brasil desde o s?culo XXVIII, passando pelo per?odo de assist?ncia at? chegar ao per?odo hist?rico no qual a crian?a passou a ser pensada a partir de uma pol?tica. Com isso, foi realizado tamb?m um recorte temporal, de modo que, atrav?s do m?todo hist?rico de pesquisa, este estudo se concentrou em levantar dados acerca da aten??o voltada para inf?ncia e adolesc?ncia no RN, entre os anos de 1964 e 1988. Os dados foram coletados em arquivos jornal?sticos que circularam neste per?odo. Este recorte indica o per?odo que corresponde a reg?ncia da Pol?tica Nacional do Bem Estar do Menor. No RN, a implanta??o da FUNBERN e, em seguida, da FEBEM, n?o fugiu no padr?o nacional, posto que foram executados muitos projetos e programas de aten??o ? crian?a e ao adolescente pobres, neste per?odo. A a??o desta institui??o revelou a preocupa??o do estado em resolver a problem?tica do ?menor? diante das situa??es de abandono ou ?delinqu?ncia? na qual eles se encontravam. Entretanto, a modo de amparo por parte do estado, em rela??o a este seguimento populacional, foi efetivado atrav?s da ideologia que sustentava o sistema pol?tico desta ?poca, que foi a ditadura militar. Deste modo, a principal forma de dispensar cuidados a este p?blico foi atrav?s da institucionaliza??o destes sujeitos, desde as crian?as, em creches, at? os adolescentes, nos institutos de ?reeduca??o? para ?menores?.
Childhood and adolescence care has frequently caused theoretical and methodological discussions. At national level, the way of dealing with this public has always been on the agenda, either by maintaining a paternalistic treatment, or by coercive and repressive expression with which this public is treated. Given the above, this research presents a thorough study of social policies focused on children and adolescents in Brazil, with the overall purpose of investigating how this process of implementation of public policies for poor children and adolescents in the state of Rio Grande do Norte was. In previous studies, it was identified that there are no official records regarding the policy implementation process for this population in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. A retrospective study about the care towards children and adolescents in Brazil was held. It ranged from the XXVIII century, through the period of assistance, until the historical period in which the child started to be considered from the perspective of a policy. Thus, a certain period was framed, so that, through the historical research method, this study could focus on gathering data about the attention focused on childhood and adolescence in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, between the years 1964 and 1988. Data was listed from newspaper files that circulated in the state during period mentioned above. This time framing corresponds to the regency of the National Policy of Child Welfare. In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the implementation of institutions such as FUNBERN and then FEBEM did not differ from the national standard, since many projects and care programs for poor children and teenagers were executed in this period. The implementation of these institutions revealed the concern of the state in solving the problem of ?minors? regarding to situations of abandonment or "delinquency" which they were involved with. However, the kind of protection provided by the state toward this population was based on the current ideology that supported the political system at the time: the military dictatorship. Thus, the main way to provide care to this population was through its institutionalization, through taking children to daycare centres and adolescents to ?reeducational? institutes for ?minors?.

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This present study aims to identify and evaluate the impacts caused by the state Programa do Leite in the familiar life of the ones that get this benefit in Natal, from 2003 to 2008. The interviews were done in the four areas of the city and show the high level of poverty of the ones registered in the benefit. The introduction of the families in the program changed their habits. The study also shows the fragility of the poor population inside social welfare works like this one. Some of these programs become permanent by the politicians and by the lack of economic independence of the ones that get the benefit, causing much more dependence of these people on the social program
O presente estudo visa identificar e avaliar os impactos causados pelo Programa do Leite estadual na vida familiar dos benefici?rios de Natal-RN de 2003 a 2008. As entrevistas realizadas nas quatro zonas da cidade apontam o acentuado n?vel de pobreza dos cadastrados. A inser??o das fam?lias no programa trouxe para elas significativas mudan?as nos seus h?bitos e costumes. O estudo tamb?m revela a fragilidade das popula??es carentes diante de programas de car?ter assistencial. Alguns destes programas acabam tornando-se permanentes por quest?es pol?ticas e pela falta de independ?ncia econ?mica dos assistidos, causando ainda a depend?ncia deles em rela??o ao benef?cio

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Some sectors in Brazil are earning notoriety in the international market, configuring itself in dynamic areas for the Country. The most typical case is the agribusiness. Rio Grande do Norte state has important role, because 90% of the output of the melon exported by Brazil is produced at Assu/Mossor?. The present work planned to verify the evolution of the culture of the melon produced at Assu/Mossor? area, from 1990 to 2003. Through descriptive research, utilizing the case study and documentary analysis of secondary data this work showed the evolution of the area reaped of melon in the pole Assu/Mossor?, the quantity produced of melon and of the value of the output of the melon between 1990 and 2003. The research verified that all of the factors studied show growth during the analyzed period, showing up the importance of the agribusiness for the region. However the analysis shows the vulnerability of the sector concerning external macroeconomics factors, such as the exchange rates. Showing the importance and/or dependence of the producers for public actions to development of the culture, that might be on areas like infrastructure, economics or taxes
Alguns setores no Brasil v?m ganhando proemin?ncia no mercado internacional, configurando-se em ?reas din?micas para o Pa?s. O caso mais t?pico ? o do agroneg?cio. Dentro deste contexto do agroneg?cio, o Rio Grande do norte apresenta um papel importante, pois 90% da produ??o do mel?o exportado pelo Brasil ? produzido no vale do Assu/Mossor?. O presente trabalho objetivou verificar a evolu??o da cultura do mel?o no p?lo Assu/Mossor?, no Rio Grande do Norte no per?odo de 1990 a 2003. Atrav?s de pesquisa descritiva, utilizando-se de estudo de caso e an?lise documental de fontes secund?rias este trabalhou mapeou a evolu??o da ?rea colhida de mel?o no p?lo Assu/Mossor?, da quantidade produzida de mel?o e do valor da produ??o do mel?o entre 1990 e 2003. Verificou-se que todos os fatores estudados possuem ?ndices de crescimento dentro do per?odo analisado, evidenciando a import?ncia do agroneg?cio para a regi?o.Todavia as an?lises demonstram a vulnerabilidade do setor a fatores macroecon?mico externos como as taxas cambiais. Evidenciado, assim a import?ncia e/ou depend?ncia dos produtores de a??es publicas para desenvolvimento da cultura, seja nas ?reas de infra-estrutura, econ?micas ou tribut?rias