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1
Gum, John R., and James A. Chisman. "An operations research information system (ORIS)." Computers & Operations Research 21, no. 10 (December 1994): 1115–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-0548(94)90042-6.
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Drake, Paul. "Human-Centred Issues in Information Systems." OR Insight 14, no. 2 (April 2001): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2001.5.
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Papadopoulos, Thanos, Panagiotis Kanellis, and Teta Stamati. "Part 1: Facilitating information and knowledge management through information systems and operational research: From theory to practice." OR Insight 25, no. 1 (February 6, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2011.19.
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Papadopoulos, Thanos, Panagiotis Kanellis, and Teta Stamati. "Part 2: Facilitating information and knowledge management through information systems and operational research: From theory to practice." OR Insight 25, no. 2 (May 10, 2012): 57–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2011.20.
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Duan, Yanqing, Russell Kinman, and Mark Xu. "Who Cares About Computer Based Information Systems?" OR Insight 13, no. 3 (July 2000): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2000.11.
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Hilewicz, Orit, Gibran Araújo De Souza, Lais Alves, and Thayane Verçosa. "The Art of Music Between Image and Word: An Interview with Orit Hilewicz." Palimpsesto - Revista do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Letras da UERJ 20, no. 36 (September 15, 2021): 25–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.12957/palimpsesto.2021.62361.
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. "Preventie komt ook aan de orde." Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 15, no. 4 (April 2007): 160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03074546.
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Drake, Paul. "‘Socialising’ the Domain of Information Security A Positioning Paper." OR Insight 18, no. 3 (July 2005): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2005.11.
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Bali, Rajeev K., and Ashish N. Dwivedi. "Organisational Culture and the Implementation of Management Information Systems." OR Insight 17, no. 1 (March 2004): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2004.3.
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Pentafronimos, George, Athanasios Karantjias, and Nineta Polemi. "Collaborative information and knowledge management environments: The ‘what’ and ‘how’." OR Insight 25, no. 2 (August 24, 2011): 105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2011.16.
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Marsh, David. "Information Systems Development Methodologies: Evidence and Experience from the NHS." OR Insight 17, no. 4 (October 2004): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2004.16.
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Yang, Shunbo, Zhipeng Meng, Yanan Li, Rongxin Chen, Yazhou Yang, and Zhengyang Zhao. "Evaluation of Physiological Characteristics, Soluble Sugars, Organic Acids and Volatile Compounds in ‘Orin’ Apples (Malus domestica) at Different Ripening Stages." Molecules 26, no. 4 (February 4, 2021): 807. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26040807.
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‘Orin’ is a popular apple cultivar, which has a yellow-green appearance, pleasant taste, and unique aroma. However, few studies on the fruit quality characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples have been reported before. In this study, changes of the physiological characteristics were measured at different ripening stages, and the soluble sugars and organic acids were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Volatile compounds were identified using the headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). During the fruit ripening, the ‘Orin’ apple fruit weight, size, and total soluble solid were gradually increased by contrast with the titratable acidity, and the firmness decreased. The content of four soluble sugars reached the maximum at the 180 days after full bloom (DAFB) stage. Malic acid was measured as the most abundant organic acid in ‘Orin’ apples. Ethyl butyrate, hexyl propanoate, hexyl acetate and butyl acetate belonging to esters with high odor activity values (OAVs) could be responsible for the typical aroma of ‘Orin’ apples. The aim of this work was to provide information on the flavor characteristics of ‘Orin’ apples and promote this apple cultivar for marketing and processing in the future.
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Jones, Nory B., and Richard H. Borgman. "An Exploratory Study on Knowledge Sharing, Information Technologies and Firm Performance." OR Insight 20, no. 4 (October 2007): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2007.20.
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Stoffel, Karl, Michael Blauth, Alexander Joeris, Andrea Blumenthal, and Elke Rometsch. "Fracture fixation versus revision arthroplasty in Vancouver type B2 and B3 periprosthetic femoral fractures: a systematic review." Archives of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery 140, no. 10 (February 21, 2020): 1381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00402-020-03332-7.
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Abstract Introduction Hip arthroplasty (HA) is commonly performed to treat various hip pathologies. Its volume is expected to rise further due to the increasing age of the population. Complication rates are low; however, periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) are a rare, albeit serious, complication with substantial economic impact. While current guidelines propose revision with long-stemmed prostheses for all Vancouver B2 and B3 PFF, some recent research papers suggest that open reduction with internal fixation (ORIF) could lead to an equivalent outcome. Our aim was to summarize the evidence, elucidating under which circumstances ORIF leads to a favorable outcome after B2 and B3 PFF compared with revision surgery. Materials and methods A systematic literature search was performed to identify studies on patients treated with ORIF and with stem revision after B2 and/or B3 fractures. Extracted information included initial pathology, stem fixation mechanism, bone quality and stem stability at the time of PFF, clinical outcomes, and mortality. Results of individual studies were summarized in a table in lieu of a quantitative data synthesis due to a lack of standardized information. Results We identified 14 original research articles including both patients treated with ORIF and with stem revision after B2 and/or B3 PFF. Five studies included statistical comparisons, all were in favor of ORIF or indeterminate. The common lack of rigorous statistical analyses and significant methodological weaknesses made identification of outcome predictors impossible. Conclusion The choice of treatment modality for PFF depends on fracture, implant, and bone characteristics. Recent data show that successful outcome can be achieved without revising loose stems. ORIF may be a viable option if bone stock is adequate around uncemented or tapered polished stems with an intact cement mantle and the fracture geometry allows stable anatomic reconstruction. Conceptional considerations support this idea, but more data are needed to identify outcome predictors.
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Buijs, Peter. "Dossier ‘Gezondheidszorg&arbeid’ nog niet op orde." Tijdschrift voor Bedrijfs- en Verzekeringsgeneeskunde 14, no. 1 (January 2006): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03074301.
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Cronk, Laura, and Gillian Ragsdell. "Knowledge Sharing by Micro-Teams: A Case Study in an Information Services Department." OR Insight 21, no. 4 (October 2008): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/ori.2008.17.
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Li, Sharon, Anshuman Panda, Aaron Ciner, Shridar Ganesan, and Howard S. Hochster. "Pooled analysis of POLE-mutant colorectal cancer characteristics." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): e15515-e15515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.e15515.
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e15515 Background: Colorectal cancers (CRC) with pathogenic mutations in POLE (mPOLE) represent a unique subgroup with distinct clinical and molecular features and may exhibit a robust response to immune checkpoint blockade. Due to low prevalence, clinical features of this subgroup remain incompletely characterized. Methods: We utilized data from the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN) , using the Total Cancer Care (TCC) protocol in 18 centers across the US, to identify mPOLE CRC cases through October 2020. Prevalence, genomic and clinical features of mPOLE CRC within ORIEN were compared with other public databases, including AACR GENIE (version 8.0) , TCGA pan-cancer atlas, and a cohort from DFCI via cbioportal . Given the small sample size of mPOLE patients in each cohort, we pooled available data to compare characteristics of mPOLE CRC with CRC cases without pathogenic mutations in POLE (wtPOLE). Results: Detailed results are illustrated in the table. Out of 1564 CRC patients in ORIEN, 140 patients (9%) had POLE mutations, but only 11 patients (<1%) had pathogenic POLE mutations, compared to <2% in TCGA, <1% in DFCI, and <0.5% in the AACR GENIE cohorts. mPOLE CRC was associated with significantly higher tumor mutational burden and lower copy number alterations in all cohorts with data. In ORIEN, median age at diagnosis was significantly lower in mPOLE patients and at least 5 years younger than mPOLE patients from other cohorts. No other variable was statistically significant within ORIEN. When available clinical data from all cohorts were pooled, mPOLE was significantly associated with male sex, younger age at diagnosis, and early stage (I/II) disease. Conclusions: The ORIEN data set showed <1% patients with pathogenic POLE mutations. When pooled with the available public data sets, we see emergence of a unique clinical phenotype. Additional outcome data from ORIEN TCC database will be reported. We acknowledge the participation and assistance of the ORIEN investigators, with thanks. wtPOLE vs mPOLE in pooled and individual large cohort studies.[Table: see text]
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Hasebe, Tomonori, Kouhei Narita, Shiomi Hidaka, and Masayuki Su’etsugu. "Efficient Arrangement of the Replication Fork Trap for In Vitro Propagation of Monomeric Circular DNA in the Chromosome-Replication Cycle Reaction." Life 8, no. 4 (September 25, 2018): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/life8040043.
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Propagation of genetic information is a fundamental prerequisite for living cells. We recently developed the replication cycle reaction (RCR), an in vitro reaction for circular DNA propagation, by reconstitution of the replication cycle of the Escherichia coli chromosome. In RCR, two replication forks proceed bidirectionally from the replication origin, oriC, and meet at a region opposite oriC, yielding two copies of circular DNA. Although RCR essentially propagates supercoiled monomers, concatemer byproducts are also produced due to inefficient termination of the replication fork progression. Here, we examined the effect of the Tus-ter replication fork trap in RCR. Unexpectedly, when the fork traps were placed opposite oriC, mimicking their arrangement on the chromosome, the propagation of circular DNA was inhibited. On the other hand, fork traps flanking oriC allowed efficient propagation of circular DNA and repressed concatemer production. These findings suggest that collision of the two convergence forks through the fork trap is detrimental to repetition of the replication cycle. We further demonstrate that this detrimental effect was rescued by the UvrD helicase. These results provide insights into the way in which circular DNA monomers replicate repetitively without generating concatemers.
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Barnds, Brandon, G. Matthew Heenan, Armin Tarakemeh, J. Paul Schroeppel, Scott Mullen, and Bryan G. Vopat. "Comparison of the Rate of Nonunion or Delayed Union in Fifth Metatarsal Fractures Receiving Anti- Inflammatory Medications." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00100.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Controversy exists regarding the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on fracture healing. Our retrospective study uses a private payer database to isolate patients diagnosed with 5th metatarsal (MT) fractures and compare the rate of delayed open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or non/malunion repair as a surrogate for nonunion or delayed union, in those prescribed anti-inflammatories and those not prescribed anti-inflammatories. Methods: Data was collected from the PearlDiver Technologies Humana dataset using CPT and ICD-10 codes. All patients included had a diagnosis of 5th MT fracture and did not receive ORIF or repair of non/malunion within 60 days of diagnosis. Two groups were then created based on the presence or absence of insurance claim records for anti-inflammatory medications within 60 days of diagnosis. The number of patients in each group who underwent ORIF or non/malunion repair after 60 days post- diagnosis was determined, and the rates were compared using a chi-square analysis. Results: 10,626 patients had a diagnosis of 5th MT fracture and did not undergo early repair/ORIF (within 60 days). 1,615 had records of insurance claims for anti-inflammatories within 60 days of diagnosis, leaving 9,011 who did not receive these medications. 18 (1.11%) patients who received an anti-inflammatory medication underwent ORIF or repair of non/malunion after 60 days post-diagnosis. 44 (0.49%; p=0.0055) subjects who did not receive an anti-inflammatory prescription underwent ORIF or repair of non/malunion after 60 days post-diagnosis. Conclusion: The rate of delayed ORIF or non/malunion repair of 5th MT fractures, a surrogate for delayed union or nonunion in an insurance database study, was significantly higher in subjects receiving anti-inflammatories within 60 days of diagnosis. This study isolates a specific fracture and finds a negative correlation between NSAIDs and fracture healing. Further, this provides valuable information to help guide future higher level studies.
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Barnds, Brandon, G. Matthew Heenan, Armin Tarakemeh, Scott M. Mullen, John Paul Schroeppel, and Bryan George Vopat. "Comparison of the Rate of Nonunion or Delayed Union in Fifth Metatarsal Fractures Receiving Anti-Inflammatory Medications." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (July 2019): 2325967119S0032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00326.
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Objectives: Controversy exists regarding the effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on fracture healing. Our retrospective study uses a private payer database to isolate patients diagnosed with 5th metatarsal (MT) fractures and compare the rate of delayed open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) or non/malunion repair as a surrogate for nonunion or delayed union, in those prescribed anti-inflammatories and those not prescribed anti-inflammatories. Methods: Data was collected from the PearlDiver Technologies Humana dataset using CPT and ICD-10 codes. All patients included had a diagnosis of 5th MT fracture and did not receive ORIF or repair of non/malunion within 60 days of diagnosis. Two groups were then created based on the presence or absence of insurance claim records for anti-inflammatory medications within 60 days of diagnosis. The number of patients in each group who underwent ORIF or non/malunion repair after 60 days post-diagnosis was determined, and the rates were compared using a chi-square analysis. Results: 10,626 patients had a diagnosis of 5th MT fracture and did not undergo early repair/ORIF (within 60 days). 1,615 had records of insurance claims for anti-inflammatories within 60 days of diagnosis, leaving 9,011 who did not receive these medications. 18 (1.11%) patients who received an anti-inflammatory medication underwent ORIF or repair of non/malunion after 60 days post-diagnosis. 44 (0.49%; p=0.0055) subjects who did not receive an anti-inflammatory prescription underwent ORIF or repair of non/malunion at after 60 days post-diagnosis. Conclusion: The rate of delayed ORIF or non/malunion repair of 5th MT fractures, a surrogate for delayed union or nonunion in an insurance database study, was significantly higher in subjects receiving anti-inflammatories within 60 days of diagnosis. This study isolates a specific fracture and finds a negative correlation between NSAIDs and fracture healing. Further, this provides valuable information to help guide future higher level studies.
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Biemans, Jos A. A. M., and Translation Anna E. C. Simoni. "The seventeenth-century Antwerp book collector Peeter Oris: new discoveries and new questions." Quaerendo 18, no. 4 (1988): 243–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157006988x00015.
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AbstractThe Antwerp art dealer Peeter Oris (c. 1582-c. 1647) owned at least eight medieval manuscripts and nine or ten printed books, including five, possibly seven incunabula. They were probably all Dutch books-with perhaps one exception. The fact that these manuscripts and printed books come from Oris's collection is almost always to be seen in ownership and other annotations in his own hand. One
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Abdul-Karim, Raghad Muhsin, Anthony W. Tolcher, Shivaani Kummar, Manish R. Patel, Alexander I. Spira, Shekeab Jauhari, Maureen Duff, et al. "Initial results from a phase 1b study of ORIC-101, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, in combination with nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 2553. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.2553.
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2553 Background: ORIC-101 is a potent and selective, orally bioavailable, small molecule antagonist of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Preclinical studies have demonstrated that activation of GR signaling leads to decreased responsiveness to chemotherapeutics (eg, taxanes) and antiandrogens across multiple tumor types. Mechanistically, ORIC-101 inhibits GR transcriptional activity and blocks the prosurvival signals mediated by the activated nuclear hormone receptor. Methods: A 3+3 dose escalation design was used to assess safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and select the Recommended Phase 2 Dose (RP2D) of ORIC-101 in combination with nab-paclitaxel (nab-pac; NCT03928314). ORIC-101 doses ranging from 80 to 240 mg once daily, given either intermittently or in a continuous dosing regimen, were evaluated in combination with weekly nab-pac at 75 or 100 mg/m2. Plasma PK and PD biomarkers were assessed on day 1 and after repeat dosing. PD modulation in blood-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was assessed by RT-qPCR for GR target genes. Antitumor activity was assessed by RECIST v1.1. Results: 21 patients with 10 different solid tumors, with and without a prior taxane, were treated in 5 cohorts. ORIC-101 exposure increased with dose, with no evidence for drug-drug interaction with nab-pac. In the initial cohort at 240 mg ORIC-101 and 100 mg/m2 nab-pac, 2 patients experienced dose limiting toxicities (DLTs) of Grade 3 fatigue and Grade 4 neutropenia/thrombocytopenia, respectively. No further DLTs were observed in subsequent cohorts and the RP2D was established as 160 mg ORIC-101 dosed once daily continuously for 21 days with nab-pac 75 mg/m2 given on days 1, 8, and 15 of each 28-day cycle, without requirement for prophylactic granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF). The most common (> 15%), all grade treatment-related adverse events (AEs) were nausea (38%), diarrhea (33%), fatigue (29%), leukopenia (29%), neutropenia (29%), anemia (24%), and 19% of patients had increased liver function tests and alopecia. Biomarker data demonstrated ORIC-101-induced reduction in GR target gene expression in PBMCs, indicating PD modulation at all dose levels of ORIC-101. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed in 3 taxane-refractory patients with breast, endometrial, and pancreatic cancers. Conclusions: The combination of ORIC-101 and nab-paclitaxel demonstrated an acceptable tolerability profile and does not require prophylactic G-CSF. PK and PD showed no evidence of drug-drug-interaction and demonstrated GR target inhibition. Preliminary antitumor activity was observed in patients with solid tumors that previously progressed on a taxane-containing regimen. Dose expansion is ongoing at the RP2D in dedicated pancreatic, ovarian, triple negative breast cancers, and tissue-agnostic cohorts. Clinical trial information: NCT03928314.
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Colley, Derek, Clare Stanier, and Md Asaduzzaman. "Investigating the Effects of Object-Relational Impedance Mismatch on the Efficiency of Object-Relational Mapping Frameworks." Journal of Database Management 31, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdm.2020100101.
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The object-relational impedance mismatch (ORIM) problem characterises differences between the object-oriented and relational approaches to data access. Queries generated by object-relational mapping (ORM) frameworks are designed to overcome ORIM difficulties and can cause performance concerns in environments which use object-oriented paradigms. The aim of this paper is twofold, first presenting a survey of database practitioners on the effectiveness of ORM tools followed by an experimental investigation into the extent of operational concerns through the comparison of ORM-generated query performance and SQL query performance with a benchmark data set. The results show there are perceived difficulties in tuning ORM tools and distrust around their effectiveness. Through experimental testing, these views are validated by demonstrating that ORMs exhibit performance issues to the detriment of the query and the overall scalability of the ORM-led approach. Future work on establishing a system to support the query optimiser when parsing and preparing ORM-generated queries is outlined.
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Daemen, Anneleen, Aleksandr Pankov, Shravani Barkund, Haiying Zhou, Maureen Duff, Ann Johnson, Rongda Xu, Pratik S. Multani, Edna Chow Maneval, and Lori Friedman. "Biomarker results supporting selection of RP2D from a phase 1b study of ORIC-101, a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, in combination with nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 3110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3110.
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3110 Background: Preclinical studies have shown that activation of the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) leads to resistance to chemotherapeutics (eg taxanes) and antiandrogens across multiple tumor types, while GR inhibition enhances therapeutic efficacy. ORIC-101 is a potent, selective, and orally bioavailable small molecule GR antagonist undergoing clinical development in combination with nab-paclitaxel in patients with advanced solid tumors and in combination with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. Methods: 21 patients were enrolled in the dose escalation portion of the phase 1b study, which evaluated both intermittent (5 days on, 2 days off for 21 days) and continuous dosing regimens of ORIC-101 across 5 cohorts (NCT03928314). Tumor tissue was obtained pre-treatment for 19 out of 21 patients, and on study or at the end of treatment for 11 patients. GR protein status was retrospectively evaluated using a proprietary IHC assay optimized for staining nuclear GR in the epithelial compartment of major tumor type tissues. Biopsies were also profiled with RNA-seq to evaluate a proprietary GR activation signature as a potentially predictive and pharmacodynamic (PD) biomarker. Blood-derived peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were collected for 20 patients along with the pre-treatment biopsy, in the morning of days 1, 5 and/or 8 of Cycle 1, and 2.5 or 6 hours after ORIC-101 administration. Blood cortisol levels were also simultaneously measured. PD modulation in PBMCs was assessed by RT-qPCR for biomarkers FKBP5, GILZ and PER1, selected for their consistent stimulation by GR and reversal with ORIC-101 in preclinical studies and observed PD modulation in healthy volunteers administered ORIC-101. Results: Nuclear GR protein was detected in most pre-treatment biopsies regardless of tumor type, and on treatment reduction of GR protein was observed across dose levels. At physiological systemic cortisol levels, ORIC-101 demonstrated PD suppression in PBMCs on days 1, 5 and 8 in the majority of patients. Cortisol levels increased post-dose in these patients due to negative feedback between cortisol and GR. Steady-state target engagement was not consistently demonstrated with the intermittent regimen. In healthy volunteer studies of ORIC-101, steady-state target suppression was consistently achieved after 7 consecutive daily doses of 200 or 350 mg of ORIC-101. Thus, continuous ORIC-101 administration was selected as the recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) regimen, aimed at achieving sustained GR suppression for optimal chemotherapy re-sensitization. Conclusions: Biomarker data from patients enrolled in the phase 1b study provide evidence of on-target tumor cell eradication and PD modulation and support the RP2D and the tumor types selected for the ongoing dose expansion portion of the study. Clinical trial information: NCT03928314.
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Qin, Shanshan, Qianyi Li, Chao Tang, and Yuhai Tu. "Optimal compressed sensing strategies for an array of nonlinear olfactory receptor neurons with and without spontaneous activity." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 41 (September 23, 2019): 20286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1906571116.
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There are numerous different odorant molecules in nature but only a relatively small number of olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in brains. This “compressed sensing” challenge is compounded by the constraint that ORNs are nonlinear sensors with a finite dynamic range. Here, we investigate possible optimal olfactory coding strategies by maximizing mutual information between odor mixtures and ORNs’ responses with respect to the bipartite odor-receptor interaction network (ORIN) characterized by sensitivities between all odorant–ORN pairs. For ORNs without spontaneous (basal) activity, we find that the optimal ORIN is sparse—a finite fraction of sensitives are zero, and the nonzero sensitivities follow a broad distribution that depends on the odor statistics. We show analytically that sparsity in the optimal ORIN originates from a trade-off between the broad tuning of ORNs and possible interference. Furthermore, we show that the optimal ORIN enhances performances of downstream learning tasks (reconstruction and classification). For ORNs with a finite basal activity, we find that having inhibitory odor–receptor interactions increases the coding capacity and the fraction of inhibitory interactions increases with the ORN basal activity. We argue that basal activities in sensory receptors in different organisms are due to the trade-off between the increase in coding capacity and the cost of maintaining the spontaneous basal activity. Our theoretical findings are consistent with existing experiments and predictions are made to further test our theory. The optimal coding model provides a unifying framework to understand the peripheral olfactory systems across different organisms.
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Henkelmann, Ralf, Matthias Krause, Lena Alm, Richard Glaab, Meinhard Mende, Christopher Ull, Philipp-Johannes Braun, et al. "Effect of fracturoscopy on the incidence of surgical site infections post tibial plateau fracture surgery." European Journal of Trauma and Emergency Surgery 46, no. 6 (September 15, 2020): 1249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00068-020-01486-y.
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Abstract Purpose Surgical treatment of tibial plateau fracture (TPF) is common. Surgical site infections (SSI) are among the most serious complications of TPF. This multicentre study aimed to evaluate the effect of fracturoscopy on the incidence of surgical site infections in patients with TPF. Methods We performed a retrospective multicentre study. All patients with an AO/OTA 41 B and C TPF from January 2005 to December 2014 were included. Patients were divided into three groups: those who underwent arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation (ARIF), and those who underwent open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with fracturoscopy, and those treated with ORIF without fracturoscopy. The groups were compared to assess the effect of fracturoscopy. We characterised our cohort and the subgroups using descriptive statistics. Furthermore, we fitted a logistic regression model which was reduced and simplified by a selection procedure (both directions) using the Akaike information criterion (AIC). From the final model, odds ratios and inclusive 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Overall, 52 patients who underwent fracturoscopy, 48 patients who underwent ARIF, and 2000 patients treated with ORIF were identified. The rate of SSI was 0% (0/48) in the ARIF group and 1.9% (1/52) in the fracturoscopy group compared to 4.7% (93/2000) in the ORIF group (OR = 0.40, p = 0.37). Regression analyses indicated a potential positive effect of fracturoscopy (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.07–5.68; p = 0.69). Conclusion Our study shows that fracturoscopy is associated with reduced rates of SSI. Further studies with larger cohorts are needed to investigate this. Level of evidence Level III.
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Sánchez, María del Rosario. "La construcción de la información periodística sobre la COVID-19 en la prensa local argentina." Investigar la Comunicación desde Perspectivas, Teorías y Métodos Periféricos 8, no. 15 (February 1, 2021): 429–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.24137/raeic.8.15.19.
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Amadeo, B. (1999). La aplicación de la teoría del framing a la cobertura de la corrupción política en Argentina (1991-1996) [tesis doctoral]. Universidad de Navarra, Facultad de Comunicación, Pamplona, España. D'adamo, O. J., Beaudoux, V. G. y Freidenberg, F. (2000). Medios de comunicación, efectos políticos y opinión pública: ¿una imagen, vale más que mil palabras? Buenos Aires: Editorial de Belgrano. Defensoría del Público SCA (2020). Apuntes para las coberturas sobre la pandemia COVID-19. Recuperado de https://defensadelpublico.gob.ar/recomendaciones-para-la-cobertura-de-la-pandemia-covid-19/ Del Palacio Montiel, C. (2009). Una mirada a la historia de la prensa de México desde las regiones. Un estudio comparativo (1792-1950). Revista Historia Iberoamericana, 2(1), 80-97. Entman, R. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43(4), 51-58. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.1993.tb01304.x Ford, A. (1994). Navegaciones. Comunicación, cultura y crisis. Buenos Aires: Amorrortu. Gomis, L. (1991). Teoría del periodismo. Cómo se forma el presente. Barcelona: Paidós. Graber, D. (1989). Content and memory. What is it all about. American Behavioral Scientist, 33(2), 144-152. Iyengar, S. y Kinder, D. R. (2010). News that matters: Television and American opinion. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. Koziner, N. (2013). Antecedentes y fundamentos de la teoría del framing en comunicación. Austral comunicación, 1(2), 01-25. Llull, L. (2001). Bahía Blanca, prensa y política en la Liverpool del Sur. 1900-1936. En L. Prislei (Dir.), Pasiones sureñas. Prensa, cultura y política en la frontera norpatagónica (1884-1946). Buenos Aires: Prometeo. Martini, S. (2000). Periodismo, noticia y noticiabilidad. Buenos Aires: Norma. Martini, S. (2015). Medios y sociedad. Las agendas del delito en la prensa gráfica y digital y en la televisión en la Argentina. En M. Degoumois (Dir.), Delitos y medios masivos de comunicación. Aportes para la reflexión acerca de los discursos sobre violencia y criminalidad (pp. 255-278). Buenos Aires: Ministerio de Justicia y Derechos Humanos de la Nación. Orbe, P. y Napal, M. (2018). Los medios de comunicación en la ciudad: del papel a la era digital. En M. Cernadas y J. Marcilese (Coords.), Bahía Blanca siglo XX. Historia política, económica y sociocultural (pp. 273-304). Bahía Blanca: EdiUNS. Rodrigo Alsina, M. (1989). La construcción de la noticia. Barcelona, Paidós. Sádaba, T. (2007). Framing: el encuadre de las noticias. El binomio terrorismo- medios. Buenos Aires: La Crujía. Schiller, H. (1996). Information inequality. Nueva York: Routledge. Silva, H. (1998) “Un destino manifiesto”. 1898 – 1998. Cien años de periodismo. Bahía Blanca: La Nueva Provincia. Sohr, R. (1998). Historia y poder de la prensa. Barcelona: Andrés Bello. Tuchman, G. (1978). News making. A study in the construction of reality. New York: The Free Press. Valdetattaro, S. (2005). Prensa y temporalidad. La trama de la comunicación, 10, 97-104. Verón, E. (1983) Construir el acontecimiento. Buenos Aires: Gedisa. Zalba, E. (2007). Una aproximación al <orden del discurso> periodístico. Boletín de la BCN, Biblioteca del Congreso de la Nación, 123.
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Pajeú, Hélio Márcio, and Wérleson Alexandre de Lima Santos. "Por uma promoção democrática e dialógica da leitura." Encontros Bibli: revista eletrônica de biblioteconomia e ciência da informação 26 (June 7, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1518-2924.2021.e78364.
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Objetivo: O artigo tem como intuito traçar uma discussão teórica sobre os caminhos e ideais necessários para uma democratização dialógica da leitura e para sua promoção enquanto um direito humano. Método: As reflexões são tecidas em diálogo com textos de autores que tratam da leitura como ato social, ideológico e político, por meio de uma revisão bibliográfica. Resultado: É visto como as condições sociais colaboram para o desenvolvimento das práticas de leitura, sua concepção dentro de um orbe ideológico, bem como seu poder político como ferramenta de conscientização social e como instrumento de ameaça a manutenção hegemônica do poder. Conclusões: É necessária uma defesa a promoção da leitura arquitetada na dialogia, como fundamento de constituição da cidadania e fortalecimento da democracia. Isso apresenta-se como dever de todo profissional mediador de cultura e informação, como forma de garantir a plenitude do exercício de direitos pelo povo.
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Zhao, Zhongwei, Wenyuan Guo, Shiji Fang, Shaohua Song, Jingjing Song, Fei Teng, Liyun Zheng, et al. "An armored GPC3-directed CAR-T for refractory or relapsed hepatocellular carcinoma in China: A phase I trial." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 4095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.4095.
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4095 Background: HCC is a leading cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality worldwide, of which glypican 3 is a highly specific marker. GPC3-directed CAR-T had shown promising safety but limited efficacy in the treatment of HCC. We developed an armored GPC3-directed CAR-T G3-CAR-ori2 by inserting of a novel and proprietary Ori2 element following the 4-1BB and CD3ζ domains in a second-generation CAR-T. Pre-clinical studies showed a significantly higher memory stem cell ratio and dramatically improved proliferation and persistence, compared with traditional CAR-T, thus offering prolonged efficacy in vitro and in vivo and potentiality leading to improved activity in the clinical setting (ChiCTR1900028121). Methods: This is an open-label, dose-escalation study of G3-CAR-ori2 cell HCC patients in two centers. Eligible patients were aged 18-70 years with histologically confirmed GPC3+ HCC, Child-Pugh score A or B, ECOG≤1, relapsed or refractory to standard therapies. Patients were pre-conditioned with fludarabine (25̃30 mg/m2) and cyclophosphamide (200̃300 mg/m2) daily for 3 days. G3-CAR-Ori2 was administered as a single infusion via intrahepatic or intravenous route with a total dose of 0.9 to 3x10e8 CAR-T. The objective was to assess the safety, preliminary efficacy, persistence and cytokine profiling of G3-CAR-ori2. Adverse events were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (version 5.0). Tumor responses were evaluated per RECIST (version 1.1). CAR-T cell expansion and persistence were measured by qPCR and flow cytometry. Results: As of Jan 21, 2021, 10 patients had received single infusion, in which 6 received G3-CAR-ori2 via intravenous route and 4 via intrahepatic route. 7 patients received the highest dose level of 3x10e8. 9 patients reached at least 1 month of follow-up and tolerated the treatment well with no dose-limiting toxicity. All patients experienced transient grade 4 decrease in lymphocyte count resulted from the lymphodepletion regimen. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) was observed in 8 patients, in which 6 at grade 1 or 2 and 2 at grade 4 notably infused with 3 x10e8 both via intravenous route and reversed within 7 days by administering high-dose steroids and tocilizumab. Other grade 4 hematologic toxicities include thrombocytopenia (2/9) and neutropenia (1/9). No neurotoxicity was observed. Two subjects were not evaluable due to early withdrawal from the trial. Among the 7 evaluable subjects, the best responses achieved are 3 PR, 2 SD, 2 PD. The duration of remission of one patient with PR is more than 4 months, follow up is ongoing. CAR-T gene detected by q-PCR provide preliminary indication that G3-CAR-ori2 is able to expand and persist well in the clinical setting. Conclusions: These initial data provide evidence that G3-CAR-ori2 is safe and holds promising antitumor potential, and supports its continuing development in the treatment of r/r GPC3+HCC. Clinical trial information: ChiCTR1900028121.
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Maiwan, Mohammad. "GERAKAN MAHASISWA DI INDONESIA DALAM BINGKAI KEKUASAAN ORDE BARU (1966-1998)." Jurnal Ilmiah Mimbar Demokrasi 14, no. 1 (October 7, 2014): 15–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jimd.v14i1.6504.
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This study discusses the dynamics of Indonesian student movement in the New Order era between 1966 until 1998. It also analyses the responses of the authority to their movement and its impact. This research uses the qualitative method of literature review and interviews where the arguments are presented in descriptive analysis. Based on Antonio Gramsci’s concept of hegemony, this study has uncovered the hegemonic means utilized by the authority to undermine student movement. The description of how this social formation was defragmented, justified and then integrated into bureaucratic processes where their existence was then consented as a subordinated class. In reality, the student movement under the New Order government was closely related to the situation of socio-politics and character of the regime. Nevertheless, the Asian economic crisis jolted the revival of the student movement to its initial vibrant state which brought down Suharto’s regime in 1998. This study has proven that hegemonic process also has a shelf-life as the masses will eventually see through the regime’s political construction. This eventuality was due to external and internal factors such as development of information technology, the rise of cyber-power, international politics and the emergence of new ideas.
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Smith, Kenneth S., Katherine D. Drexelius, Shanthan C. Challa, Daniel K. Moon, Joshua A. Metzl, and Kenneth J. Hunt. "Patient Outcomes Differences Following Ankle Fracture Fixation with or without Ankle Arthroscopy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 2473011420S0001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420s00013.
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Category: Arthroscopy; Ankle; Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Ankle fractures are one of the most common types of fractures, yet there is currently no consensus about how best to treat these patients. The treatment approach typically includes open reduction-internal fixation (ORIF), but not all patients have a good clinical outcome. Intra-articular injuries have been suggested as one potential cause of these sub-optimal outcomes. Use of arthroscopy at the time of surgery is useful in identifying intra-articular lesions in acute ankle fractures, however, there is no evidence that arthroscopic intervention changes the patient’s outcome. Ankle arthroscopy increases the duration and potential complications of anesthesia administration and also increases cost. Our study assesses the clinical impact of arthroscopy accompanying an ankle fracture ORIF, which is essential to promote positive outcomes, while decreasing unnecessary complications and costs. Methods: This is a retrospective chart review. We queried all patients that underwent operative fixation of a bimalleolar or trimalleolar ankle fracture at our institution from January 1, 2014 through November 1, 2018. From this list, we excluded patients less than 18 years old and patients that had concomitant injuries to other body parts that required surgery. In addition, we only included Weber B and Weber C fibula fracture to homogenize the data. We then performed a chart review to extract all demographic data, fracture pattern, surgical procedures performed, tourniquet times, any revision surgeries, arthroscopic findings and any interventions performed due to the arthroscopic portion of the procedure. We then conducted a phone and email survey utilizing the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Short Form and the two question Patient Acceptable Symptom State (PASS). Results: Our study included 213 total patients (142 traditional ORIF, 71 ORIF plus arthroscopy) with an average age of 40 (standard deviation 14.2). The average follow up was 32.4 (13.1) months with a survey follow up rate of 50.7%. The demographic information between the two cohorts was statistically similar. The average tourniquet time for the arthroscopy cohort is 10 minutes longer (89 minutes versus 79 minutes). During the arthroscopy, there was a 28.2% rate of full thickness osteochondral lesions, 33.8% rate of loose bodies, and a 49.2% rate of small cartilage injury not requiring intervention. The mean PROMIS physical function score amongst Weber B fibula fractures was 45.8 and 42.3 in the arthroscopy and non-arthroscopy groups respectively (P value 0.012). In addition, the patient satisfaction rate in Weber B fibula fractures was higher in those patients that underwent arthroscopy as compared to ORIF alone (93.1% versus 75.5%, P value of 0.05). Patients that suffered a tibiotalar joint dislocation at the time of the ankle fracture had a significantly higher PROMIS physical function score (46.6 versus 40.2, P value 0.005) when their surgery included arthroscopy. Conclusion: Ankle arthroscopy at the time of ORIF led to higher mean patient reported outcomes for every tested metric but this reached statistical significance only when looking at the Weber B fibula fractures and ankle dislocations. There was no increase in complication rate and the arthroscopy took only 10 minutes longer on average. [Table: see text]
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Smith, Kenneth S., Katherine Drexelius, Shanthan Challa, Daniel K. Moon, Joshua A. Metzl, and Kenneth J. Hunt. "Outcomes Following Ankle Fracture Fixation With or Without Ankle Arthroscopy." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 5, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 247301142090404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011420904046.
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Background: Ankle fractures are one of the most common orthopedic injuries, and although most patients have a satisfactory outcome following operative fixation, there are patients that have persistent pain despite anatomic reduction. Intra-articular injuries have been suggested as one potential cause of these suboptimal outcomes. Our study assesses the clinical impact of performing an ankle arthroscopy during ankle fracture open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF). Methods: This was a retrospective chart review of all patients who underwent operative fixation of a bimalleolar or trimalleolar ankle fracture at our institution from 2014 through 2018. We extracted all demographic data, fracture pattern, operative procedures performed, tourniquet times, arthroscopic findings and any arthroscopic interventions. We then conducted a phone and e-mail survey. Our study included 213 total patients (142 traditional ORIF, 71 ORIF plus arthroscopy) with an average age of 40 years. The average follow-up was 32.4 months with a survey follow-up rate of 50.7% (110/213). Results: The average tourniquet time for the arthroscopy cohort was 10 minutes longer (89 minutes vs 79 minutes). During the arthroscopy, there was a 28% (20/71) rate of full-thickness osteochondral lesions, 33% (24/71) rate of loose bodies, and a 49% (35/71) rate of partial-thickness cartilage injury. The mean Patient Reported Outcome Information System (PROMIS) physical function score among Weber B fibula fractures was 45.8 and 42.3 in the arthroscopy and nonarthroscopy groups, respectively ( P = .012). In addition, the patient satisfaction rate in Weber B fibula fractures was higher in those patients who underwent arthroscopy compared with ORIF alone (93% vs 75%, P = .05). Patients who had a tibiotalar joint dislocation at the time of the ankle fracture had a significantly higher PROMIS physical function score (46.6 vs 40.2, P = .005) when their surgery included arthroscopy. Conclusion: Ankle arthroscopy at the time of ORIF led to statistically significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes for Weber B fibula fractures and ankle dislocations. There was no increase in complication rates and the arthroscopy took 10 minutes longer on average. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Park, Hyun Jin, Kyu-Lim Lee, Young-Chun Gil, Ji-Hyun Lee, Kyung-Seok Hu, and Hee-Jin Kim. "Sonographic Analysis of the Upper Labial Orbicularis Oris and Its Clinical Implications." Aesthetic Surgery Journal 40, no. 7 (November 25, 2019): 778–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/asj/sjz341.
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Abstract Background Purse string lips, which include the vertical wrinkles over the lips, are frequently observed in aged individuals. Botulinum toxin and fillers are routinely injected into these areas to remove the wrinkles; however, the anatomy of the orbicularis oris muscle (OOr) near the vermilion border area has not been well defined. Objectives The aim of this study was therefore to identify any morphological differences of the upper OOr via sonographic imaging. Methods The upper lip muscles as observed utilizing an ultrasound device were divided into 2 muscles (pars peripheralis and pars marginalis) that were subsequently divided into a further 2 types (Type I and Type II) associated with the development of the pars marginalis. Type II was further divided into Type IIa and Type IIb depending on whether the muscle fibers were well developed and connected. Results On the midline of the lip, Type I, in which the pars marginalis was rarely observed and only appeared in traces, was observed in 20.0% of the volunteers. Type IIa, in which the pars marginalis was well-developed and appeared continuous, was observed in 42.9% of the volunteers. Type IIb, in which the pars marginalis was observed but appeared discontinuous, was observed in 37.1% of the volunteers. Conclusions The shapes of the upper pars marginalis of the OOr varied markedly between volunteers. Type classification of the OOr based on its shape and the lip appearance serves as a reliable source of reference information to be utilized when injecting botulinum toxin into the upper lip.
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Imperio, Tatiana, Roberto Bargagli, and Laura Marri. "Detection of IncP replicon-specific regions in DNA from Antarctic microbiota." Open Life Sciences 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 378–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11535-007-0025-y.
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AbstractPlasmids capable of horizontal transfer contribute to the adaptability of bacteria, as they may provide genes that enable their hosts to cope with different selective pressures. Only limited information is available on plasmids from Antarctic habitats, and up until now surveys have only used traditional methods of endogenous plasmid isolation. The method based on primer systems, designed on the basis of published sequences for plasmids from different incompatibility (Inc) groups, is appropriate to detect the replicon-specific regions of corresponding plasmids in cultured bacteria, or in total community DNA, which share sufficient DNA similarity with reference plasmids at the amplified regions. In this study, we applied broad-host-range plasmid-specific primers to DNA from microbial samples collected at six different locations in Northern Victoria Land (Antarctica). DNA preparations were used as targets for PCR (polymerase chain reaction) amplification with primers for the IncP (trfA2) and IncQ (oriV ) groups. PCR products were Southern blotted and hybridized with PCR-derived probes for trfA2 and oriV regions. This approach detected the occurrence of IncP-specific sequences in eight out of fifteen DNA samples, suggesting a gene-mobilizing capacity within the original habitats.
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Keene, David J., Dipesh Mistry, Julian Nam, Elizabeth Tutton, Robert Handley, Lesley Morgan, Emma Roberts, et al. "The Ankle Injury Management (AIM) trial: a pragmatic, multicentre, equivalence randomised controlled trial and economic evaluation comparing close contact casting with open surgical reduction and internal fixation in the treatment of unstable ankle fractures in patients aged over 60 years." Health Technology Assessment 20, no. 75 (October 2016): 1–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.3310/hta20750.
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BackgroundClose contact casting (CCC) may offer an alternative to open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) surgery for unstable ankle fractures in older adults.ObjectivesWe aimed to (1) determine if CCC for unstable ankle fractures in adults aged over 60 years resulted in equivalent clinical outcome compared with ORIF, (2) estimate cost-effectiveness to the NHS and society and (3) explore participant experiences.DesignA pragmatic, multicentre, equivalence randomised controlled trial incorporating health economic evaluation and qualitative study.SettingTrauma and orthopaedic departments of 24 NHS hospitals.ParticipantsAdults aged over 60 years with unstable ankle fracture. Those with serious limb or concomitant disease or substantial cognitive impairment were excluded.InterventionsCCC was conducted under anaesthetic in theatre by surgeons who attended training. ORIF was as per local practice. Participants were randomised in 1 : 1 allocation via remote telephone randomisation. Sequence generation was by random block size, with stratification by centre and fracture pattern.Main outcome measuresFollow-up was conducted at 6 weeks and, by blinded outcome assessors, at 6 months after randomisation. The primary outcome was the Olerud–Molander Ankle Score (OMAS), a patient-reported assessment of ankle function, at 6 months. Secondary outcomes were quality of life (as measured by the European Quality of Life 5-Dimensions, Short Form questionnaire-12 items), pain, ankle range of motion and mobility (as measured by the timed up and go test), patient satisfaction and radiological measures. In accordance with equivalence trial US Food and Drug Administration guidance, primary analysis was per protocol.ResultsWe recruited 620 participants, 95 from the pilot and 525 from the multicentre phase, between June 2010 and November 2013. The majority of participants, 579 out of 620 (93%), received the allocated treatment; 52 out of 275 (19%) who received CCC later converted to ORIF because of loss of fracture reduction. CCC resulted in equivalent ankle function compared with ORIF at 6 months {OMAS 64.5 points [standard deviation (SD) 22.4 points] vs. OMAS 66.0 points (SD 21.1 points); mean difference –0.65 points, 95% confidence interval (CI) –3.98 to 2.68 points; standardised effect size –0.04, 95% CI –0.23 to 0.15}. There were no differences in quality of life, ankle motion, pain, mobility and patient satisfaction. Infection and/or wound problems were more common with ORIF [29/298 (10%) vs. 4/275 (1%)], as were additional operating theatre procedures [17/298 (6%) vs. 3/275 (1%)]. Malunion was more common with CCC [38/249 (15%) vs. 8/274 (3%);p < 0.001]. Malleolar non-union was lower in the ORIF group [lateral: 0/274 (0%) vs. 8/248 (3%);p = 0.002; medial: 3/274 (1%) vs. 18/248 (7%);p < 0.001]. During the trial, CCC showed modest mean cost savings [NHS mean difference –£644 (95% CI –£1390 to £76); society mean difference –£683 (95% CI –£1851 to £536)]. Estimates showed some imprecision. Incremental quality-adjusted life-years following CCC were no different from ORIF. Over common willingness-to-pay thresholds, the probability that CCC was cost-effective was very high (> 95% from NHS perspective and 85% from societal perspective). Experiences of treatments were similar; both groups endured the impact of fracture, uncertainty regarding future function and the need for further interventions.LimitationsAssessors at 6 weeks were necessarily not blinded. The learning-effect analysis was inconclusive because of limited CCC applications per surgeon.ConclusionsCCC provides a clinically equivalent outcome to ORIF at reduced cost to the NHS and to society at 6 months.Future workLonger-term follow-up of trial participants is under way to address concerns over potential later complications or additional procedures and their potential to impact on ankle function. Further study of the patient factors, radiological fracture patterns and outcomes, treatment responses and prognosis would also contribute to understanding the treatment pathway.Trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN04180738.FundingThe National Institute for Health Research Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full inHealth Technology Assessment; Vol. 20, No. 75. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information. This report was developed in association with the National Institute for Health Research Oxford Biomedical Research Unit funding scheme. The pilot phase was funded by the AO Research Foundation.
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Moya-Muñoz, J., A. Gonzalez-Serrano, and F. Pinto-Puerto. "PRELIMINARY STUDIES TO VALUE ENHANCEMENT OF THE OLD CITADEL IN ORIA, ALMERIA, SPAIN." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-389-2020.
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Abstract. During the Nasrid Kingdom of Granada, the alcazaba of Oria (Old citadel) was considered one of the most outstanding medieval defensive ensembles in the province of Almeria. This defensive complex, located in the Almanzora Valley at an altitude of over a thousand metres, was built around the 12th-14th centuries and has been registered as an Asset of Cultural Interest since 1985. Nevertheless, unfortunate decisions to intervene in the monument and lack of maintenance facilitated the loss of most of its wall, which had been preserved until the twentieth century. Despite the critical situation of the complex, two sections of the rammed-earth wall are currently identified as standing. This study represents an opportunity to broaden the knowledge of this relevant wall structure and the characterisation of the rammed-earth reinforced wall with lime mortar layers. As a preliminary step towards the rammed-earth walls analysis, the graphic representation of wall elevations by photogrammetry tools is proposed. This technique allows to graphically define the morphology of the rammed-earth wall, to perform its typological analysis and constructive characterisation; and furthermore, to evaluate the state of constructive elements conservation by means of the identification of its damages. The information and results obtained will allow to establish the appropriate laboratory tests for the rammed-earth materials characterisation and to define a report that justifies the inexcusable need to consolidate and preserve them.
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Oliveros, Carl, A. Townsend Peterson, and Mark Jason C. Villa. "Birds, Babuyan Islands, province of Cagayan, northern Philippines: new island distribution records." Check List 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2008): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/4.2.137.
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We present new bird distribution records from the Babuyan Islands in northern Philippines, gathered during recent biotic survey efforts in the area. This information represents a significant step towards a detailed understanding of the biodiversity of the region. We report three subspecies not previously recorded from the country: Ceyx erithaca erithaca, Turdus chrysolaus orii, and Motacilla alba leucopsis, providing new information about migratory patterns in the region. We also provide the first published records from the islets of Mabag and Barit, based on specimens in the collections of the U.S. National Museum of Natural History. With these records, the resident avifauna of this island group is relatively well-known, which will provide a firm foundation for planned studies of systematics and taxonomy of the bird fauna of the region.
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Aranburu, Aizkorri, Estibaliz Díaz, and Cédric Briand. "Glass eel recruitment and exploitation in a South European estuary (Oria, Bay of Biscay)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 73, no. 1 (September 10, 2015): 111–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsv116.
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Abstract The size of the European eel population is below safe biological limits. To assess the status of the stock properly, it is necessary to increase the number of recruitment series based on scientific monitoring. In this study, the spatio-temporal variation in glass eel density in a South European Atlantic estuary, the Oria, has been examined using experimental fisheries and fishery data. Glass eel density was predicted using a mixed generalized additive model. Current and depth were selected as covariates and date as a random variable then extrapolated to the whole sampling point volume to obtain the daily recruitment (mean, 12.76 kg; range, 0–72.8 kg). The average seasonal daily recruitment and fishery data were combined to obtain the seasonal recruitment (mean, 1144 kg; range, 682–1593 kg) and exploitation rate (mean, 31.1%; range, 6.2–48.7%). The information of spatio-temporal dynamics in glass eel density gathered in this study will help to improve the design of a recruitment-monitoring scheme at the European level. The integration of glass eel fishery data and scientific estimates is crucial to obtain a recruitment index in the Bay of Biscay, the area with the largest glass eel recruitment in Europe.
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Guitar, Barry, Carroll Guitar, Peter Neilson, Nicholas O'Dwyer, and Gavin Andrews. "Onset Sequencing of Selected Lip Muscles in Stutterers and Nonstutterers." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 31, no. 1 (March 1988): 28–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jshr.3101.28.
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The present study examined lip muscle activity during the speech production of stutterers and fluent speakers to provide information about the nature of stuttering blocks. Depressor Anguli Oris (DAO) and Depressor Labii Inferioris (DLI) were recorded, using hooked-wire electromyography (EMG), in 3 stutterers and 3 nonstutterers during productions of the words "peek", "puck", and "pack. " E M G records indicated that nonstutters activated DAO prior to DLI for production of the initial/p/. Stutterers frequently reversed this sequence of onset, particularly when they stuttered. Results are discussed in terms of mistiming versus anticipatory hypertension hypotheses about stuttering.
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Huurdeman, Hugo C., Mikaela Aamodt, and Dan Michael Heggø. "“More than Meets the Eye” - Analyzing the Success of User Queries in Oria." Nordic Journal of Information Literacy in Higher Education 10, no. 1 (May 31, 2018): 18–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15845/noril.v10i1.270.
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Discovery systems allow academic library users to locate a wider range of resources than previous OPACs. However, actual usage of these systems may still be challenging. The main aim of this research is to get a better understanding of the hurdles users face while searching contemporary library systems.This study utilizes a transaction log analysis approach, using popular and zero result queries datasets gathered from the statistics module of a library discovery system. It explores what types of queries users perform, how successful the queries are, and examines underlying reasons for unsuccessful queries. To our knowledge, this is the first academic paper to use data originating from built-in transaction logs of the Oria library discovery system.The analysis shows that queries are often curriculum-related: we could pinpoint a relation with curriculum for 58% of the popular queries, and 28% for the zero result searches. A vast majority of popular queries refer to books, databases and journals, and over half of the queries used the title to locate a resource. 20% of the popular queries turned out to be unsuccessful. Zero result queries typically involve long queries, and in many cases consist of pasted reference citations.Our conclusion is that the examined discovery system is rather sensitive. Whilst this suggests the importance of increasing users' information search skills, it also points to the need for enhancing discovery systems and their underlying metadata. Furthermore, due to the prominence of curriculum-related queries, a better integration of curriculum materials ought to be achieved.
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Moraes, Leonardo V. M., Stéfani C. Kelly, James R. Jones, Haley McKissack, Aaradhana J. Jha, Alan Hsu, Karthikeyan Chinnakkannu, John T. Wilson, Sameer M. Naranje, and Ashish B. Shah. "Early Weight-Bearing Does Not Compromise Postoperative Healing in Jones Fracture ORIF." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 4, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 2473011419S0031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011419s00312.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Several controversies persist regarding fracture treatment of the fifth metatarsal base. Due to its low blood supply, Jones fracture has an inherent difficulty of consolidation, and may devolop complications such as delayed union, non- union and refracture. Usually the Jones fracture treatment is done with extended period of non-weightbearing with either nonoperative or operative treatment. The surgery is indicated particularly in athletes or in the setting of nonunion or fracture displacement. The purpose of the present retrospective case series is to assess postoperative outcomes among patients who weight bear earlier than standard practice. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of the medical and radiographic records from patients who had undergone operative IM fixation of an acute isolated Jones fracture from May 2013 and August 2018. Patients were permitted to weight- bear as tolerated. Demographic information, such as age, gender, body mass index, the use of tobacco, presence of medical comorbidities, and the time of radiographic union were evaluated. Standardized radiographs at 2 weeks, 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months after surgeries were chosen for evaluation. Radiographic union was defined as bridging in 2 of 3 (medial, lateral, plantar) cortices. Results: Twenty one patients were included for analysis. Of these, 14 had at least one comorbidity present at time of operation. Average BMI was 37.6, and average age was 44.8. One patient (4.8%) was lost to follow up, and therefore did not have radiographic results available for review at any appointment. At 6 weeks, 16 of 21 patients showed signs of radiographic healing; 8 were completely healed, and 8 were incomplete. One patient (4.8%) had nonunion, which was documented at 6 week, 3 month, and 6 month readings. None of the 21 patients experienced any other postoperative complications, including infection, wound dehiscence, sepsis, DVT, implant failure, or need for revision surgery. Conclusion: Patients who were subjected to early weight-bearing after fifth metatarsal Jones fracture surgery had satisfactory fusion rates with no additional postoperative complications, even despite having high average BMI and multiple comorbidities. We believe that patients can be treated with early weightbearing as tolerated after operative fixation of an acute Jones fracture, and achieve satisfactory outcomes comparable those associated with traditional postoperative protocols.
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Susanto, Dwi, Albertus Prasojo, Rianna Wati, and Murtini Murtini. "WACANA ESTETIKA ISLAM DALAM SASTERA KANAK-KANAK INDONESIA ERA ORDE BARU TAHUN 1980-AN." Jurnal Pengajian Melayu 32, no. 1 (April 22, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jomas.vol32no1.1.
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This research focused on the spread of aesthetic discourse in Islamic literature, especially Islamic Indonesian children’s literature which was marginalised in Indonesian literature history. The paper aimed to identify the system of exclusion or prohibition, restrictions to discourse and genealogical aesthetics of Islamic children’s literature. The data utilised were various discourses available in Indonesian literature, aesthetics in the history of the literature mentioned, Indonesian literary experts and critics’ opinions, and different information related to the topic. Data interpretation was executed based on the strategy introduced by Michel Foucault on discourse and power. Results showed that the discourse of Islamic literary aesthetics was deliberately eliminated during the New Order era because it was believed to be a part of the right-wing political power apparatus. That exclusion was carried out with restrictions and prohibitions by highlighting the aesthetics of development and modernity as the dominant aesthetic discourse in Indonesian literature, such as universal humanism. The history of aesthetic discourse in Islamic literature, including Islamic children’s literature, appeared significantly during the Post-Reformation era due to the New Order’s collapse. Hence aesthetic discourses that emerged afterwards were highly diverse and on par with other genres. Keywords: Islamic literary aesthetic discourse, children’s literature, Indonesian literary history.
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Prostova, Maria A., Elena Smertina, Denis V. Bakhmutov, Anna A. Gasparyan, Elena V. Khitrina, Marina S. Kolesnikova, Anna A. Shishova, Anatoly P. Gmyl, and Vadim I. Agol. "Characterization of Mutational Tolerance of a Viral RNA–Protein Interaction." Viruses 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11050479.
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Replication of RNA viruses is generally markedly error-prone. Nevertheless, these viruses usually retain their identity under more or less constant conditions due to different mechanisms of mutation tolerance. However, there exists only limited information on quantitative aspects of the mutational tolerance of distinct viral functions. To address this problem, we used here as a model the interaction between a replicative cis-acting RNA element (oriL) of poliovirus and its ligand (viral protein 3CD). The mutational tolerance of a conserved tripeptide of 3CD, directly involved in this interaction, was investigated. Randomization of the relevant codons and reverse genetics were used to define the space of viability-compatible sequences. Surprisingly, at least 11 different amino acid substitutions in this tripeptide were not lethal. Several altered viruses exhibited wild-type-like phenotypes, whereas debilitated (but viable) genomes could increase their fitness by the acquisition of reversions or compensatory mutations. Together with our study on the tolerance of oriL (Prostova et al., 2015), the results demonstrate that at least 42 out of 51 possible nucleotide replacements within the two relevant genomic regions are viability-compatible. These results provide new insights into structural aspects of an important viral function as well as into the general problems of viral mutational robustness and evolution.
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Latifah, Khoiriya, Abdul Rochim, and Bambang Supriyadi. "IDENTIFIKASI SERAT BAMBU MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAKSI CIRI STATISTIK ORDE 2 (GLCM) DAN PENGUKURAN JARAK K-NN." JURNAL TEKNIK INFORMATIKA 12, no. 2 (November 27, 2019): 177–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/jti.v12i2.8946.
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Indonesia is a large bamboo producer. Many benefits can be taken from bamboo trees, among others, as an alternative material for environmentally friendly construction, handicraft, and even become a safe material for use. Based on the property of its mechanical strength, bamboo has high tensile strength and fiber content, including fiber length, inter-fiber adhesive, namely lignin and the higher diameter of bamboo fiber, causing bamboo stems to become stronger and stiffer so that bamboo quality is getting better. One objective is to use a texture analysis of statistical features extraction of digital image processing. Feature extraction is a process to get the characteristics of visual perception. Texture information can be used to distinguish the surface properties of objects in images that are related to coarse and fine. This research uses a second-order statistical calculation of Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrices (GLCM) by measuring contrast, energy, homogeneity, and correlation levels to determine roughness from bamboo image textures that have irregular patterns. The second method is to use similarity measurements with the K-NN method in which in this study K = 3 with testing images of 28 images obtained an accuracy of 0.8, precission of 0, 8 and f-measurement of 0.9.
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Lazzeri, Davide, Paolo Viacava, Luca Enrico Pollina, Stefano Sansevero, Fulvio Lorenzetti, Bruno Balmelli, Nicola Funel, Gian Luca Gatti, Antonio Giuseppe Naccarato, and Alessandro Massei. "Dystrophic-Like Alterations Characterize Orbicularis Oris and Palatopharyngeal Muscles in Patients Affected by Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 45, no. 6 (November 2008): 587–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/07-026.1.
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Objective: This study analyzed histological and histochemical features of specimens of the orbicularis oris muscle, and palatal and pharyngeal muscles biopsied during surgery from 33 patients affected by cleft lip and palate. Design: Three groups were studied: 20 patients affected by cleft palate with or without cleft lip (at the time of primary palatoplasty), seven by cleft lip with or without cleft palate (primary lip closure), and six by cleft lip with or without cleft palate (secondary cheiloplasty). Muscle sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin, modified Gomori trichrome, ATPase reaction at pH 9.4, and NADH-TR. Analyzed parameters included organization, muscle fiber size and type, nuclear changes, presence of ragged-red fibers, degree of fibrosis, and presence of inflammatory infiltrate. Results: In all patients who underwent primary palatoplasty and lip closure we noted dystrophic-like alterations of orbicularis oris and palatopharyngeal muscles, such as variability of fiber size, fiber disorganization, and increased fibrosis. The same alterations were found in adult patients submitted to secondary cheiloplasty, notwithstanding surgical repair. Furthermore, in all groups neither neurogenic atrophy nor ragged-red fibers or inflammatory infiltrate were detected. Conclusions: Muscle damage is a constant event in this deformity, and it could play an important role in its etiopathogenesis. Muscular biopsy during cheiloplasty and palatoplasty could offer useful information about muscle condition and possible functional recovery in cleft lip and palate patients.
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Shore, Neal D., Eleni Efstathiou, Rupal Patel, Rongda Xu, Ann Johnson, Pratik S. Multani, Michael J. Morris, and Wassim Abida. "An open-label phase Ib study of ORIC-101 in combination with enzalutamide in patients with metastatic prostate cancer progressing on enzalutamide." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 6_suppl (February 20, 2020): TPS253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.6_suppl.tps253.
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TPS253 Background: The glucocorticoid receptor (GR) has been identified as a potential antiandrogen bypass mechanism of resistance to enzalutamide treatment in prostate cancer. In an in vivo enzalutamide resistant prostate cancer model, GR activates a transcriptional program that is similar but distinguishable from AR and maintains the resistant phenotype (Arora et al 2013). In human prostate cancer cells, GR expression increases upon exposure to AR antagonists, and higher GR expression is associated with treatment resistance. These findings suggest that combined inhibition of both GR and AR may prolong the duration of response or restore sensitivity to AR antagonists such as enzalutamide or apalutamide. ORIC-101 is an oral small molecule GR antagonist that fully inhibits GR transcriptional activity and blocks proliferative and survival signals mediated by GR. Methods: This is an open-label, single arm, multicenter, dose escalation followed by dose expansion study to assess the safety, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary antitumor activity of ORIC-101 in combination with enzalutamide in patients with PSA progression on enzalutamide (NCT04033328). Escalating dose levels of ORIC-101 will be administered orally, once daily in combination with enzalutamide 160 mg on a 28-day cycle following a modified interval (i) 3+3 design. Parallel enrollment of up to 3 additional patients presenting with GR overexpressing tumors (determined in tissue via immunohistochemistry) may be performed at each dose level. Based on the i3+3 design, the target toxicity rate for the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) is set at 25% (midpoint between 1 out of 3 and 1 out of 6) and any values between 20% and 30% can be considered as acceptable toxicity rates for the MTD. During dose expansion, patients will be stratified into 3 cohorts based on GR expression in tumor tissue: GR-high, GR-moderate, and GR-low. A Simon’s Two-Stage Optimal design will allow for early enrollment stopping in any cohort if PSA response rate is not sufficiently promising to warrant further development. Patients will continue treatment until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Clinical trial information: NCT04033328.
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Berger, Johann, Max Rockstroh, Erik Schreiber, Yukishige Yoshida, Jun Okamoto, Ken Masamune, Yoshihiro Muragaki, and Thomas Neumuth. "GATOR: connecting integrated operating room solutions based on the IEEE 11073 SDC and ORiN standards." International Journal of Computer Assisted Radiology and Surgery 14, no. 12 (August 22, 2019): 2233–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11548-019-02056-3.
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Hawkinson, Michael, and Patrick Osborn. "Outcomes of Lisfranc Injuries in an Active Duty Military Population." Foot & Ankle Orthopaedics 2, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 2473011417S0000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473011417s000048.
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Category: Midfoot/Forefoot, Sports, Trauma Introduction/Purpose: Traumatic injuries to the tarsometatarsal or Lisfranc joints can be complex problems associated with long-term pain, disability, and deformity. Most current literature advises early open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) for acute Lisfranc injuries and reserves arthrodesis for chronic injuries, isolated ligamentous injuries, or salvage procedures. There is also a reported association between delayed diagnosis or missed injuries and poor outcomes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between time from injury to treatment and method of fixation with outcome. Methods: A retrospective review of 171 non-battle related closed tarsometatarsal dislocations and fracture dislocations was conducted of patients identified using the Department of Defense Trauma Registry and Military Health System Mart from 2009- 2014 searching by CPT codes. Demographic information, injury characteristics, treatment course, and physical evaluation board results were examined. Return to duty was defined as a patient returning to full duty and passing their service specific physical fitness test. We excluded polytrauma patients, battle injuries, deep infections requiring surgical debridement, those with pre- existing duty limiting conditions, those who separated from the military for unrelated reasons prior to completing their rehabilitation and those with incomplete data. Results: Overall of 107 patients 69% returned to full active duty, 4% returned to limited duty with permanent duty restrictions and 27% underwent a medical evaluation board and were ultimately discharged from service. The ORIF group consisted of 80 patients; the average time from injury to fixation was 2.5 weeks and 63% returned to full duty, 6% returned on permanent profile. Of the arthrodesis group 20 underwent primary arthrodesis with an average time from injury of 15.4 weeks and a return to duty rate of 80%. Seventy-one percent of patients who underwent arthrodesis as a salvage procedure for failed ORIF or post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA) underwent a medical evaluation board and were discharged from service. Conclusion: This represents one of the largest cohorts in the literature and redemonstrates that tarsometatarsal dislocations and fracture-dislocations are serious injuries that can lead to permanent disability. The data also demonstrates very low return to duty rates in those who underwent salvage arthrodesis reinforcing the importance of initial anatomic reduction and the poor outcomes of PTOA. Most notably it demonstrates higher return to duty rates among patients who underwent primary arthrodesis despite the inclusion of more missed/chronic injuries when compared to ORIF. This suggests that primary arthrodesis may be a viable option in a young and active population despite later treatment.
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Malalur, Pannaga G., Xiaokui Mo, Rebecca Hoyd, John L. Hays, David Paul Carbone, and Daniel Spakowicz. "Investigating intra-tumor microbes, blood microbes, and CEA for development of non-invasive biomarkers in colorectal cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2021): 3551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2021.39.15_suppl.3551.
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3551 Background: The development of non-invasive biomarkers has the potential to revolutionize clinical care for colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The presence of bacteria in CRC tumor biopsies has been shown to contribute to CRC development. In a previous study, our group showed some intra-tumor microbes in CRC tumor biopsies correlated with overall survival in CRC patients. However, the correlations between microbes in tumor vs blood, and between non-invasive serum marker carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and microbes are unknown. We hypothesize that tumor microbes will also be found in blood, and that CEA will correlate with certain microbes. Methods: We obtained RNA-seq data from CRC tumor biopsies from patients treated at The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center as part of the Oncology Research Information Exchange Network (ORIEN). Reads were aligned to human and exogenous genomes using TopHat2 and Kraken2/Bracken, respectively. RNA-seq from CRC tumor biopsies as well as peripheral blood at the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium were processed by the same method. Results: The analyzed ORIEN cohort included 93 CRC patients with an age range from 30-83 years, 60.2% male, 87.1% adenocarcinoma, and 47.3% with metastatic CRC. The TGCA cohort included 495 CRC patients with an age range from 31-90 years, 53.3% male, 85.1% adenocarcinoma, and 15.5% with metastatic CRC. Over fifteen exogenous phyla (including bacteria, viruses, fungi) were observed in both ORIEN and TCGA cohorts. Several of the samples were dominated by viral sequences while others by bacteria, suggesting considerable tumor microbiome heterogeneity. Evaluation of the fraction of microbes in tumor and blood showed that nearly all the microbes found in blood (97.6%) were also observable in tumor in the TCGA cohort. Microbial abundances of various taxa, including Fusobacterium, significantly correlated between blood and tumor. Several bacteria including members of the genera Bacillus and Staphylococcus were positively associated with tumor stage (metastatic vs non-metastatic), but microbial relative abundances were not correlated with the location of tumor in colon (right, left, transverse colon). Certain microbial species from the ORIEN cohort were found to positively correlate with CEA, (including from the genera Fusobacterium, Lactobacillus, Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Clostridium) and these associations remained when adjusted for alcohol and smoking by multivariate analysis. Conclusions: Nearly all the microbes found in blood were found in tumor and abundances of various taxa were significantly correlated, suggesting that blood-based cancer microbiome analysis has great potential. Serum CEA has a low diagnostic ability when used alone, but combining this with blood microbiome could improve diagnostic/prognostic utility as a non-invasive biomarker.
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Nutbrown, Cathy, Julia Bishop, and Helen Wheeler. "Co-production of family literacy projects to enhance early literacy development." Journal of Children's Services 10, no. 3 (September 21, 2015): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcs-02-2015-0011.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on how early years practitioners worked with the ORIM Framework to support work with parents to promote early literacy experiences. Design/methodology/approach – Co-produced Knowledge Exchange (KE) was used to develop and evaluate work with parents to facilitate their young children’s literacy. Information was gathered in discussion groups, interviews with parents and practitioners and feedback from all the parties involved. Findings – Practitioners and families engaged with each other in the further development of an established literacy programme, and families demonstrated “ownership” of the co-produced knowledge after the end of the project. Research limitations/implications – Project design in co-produced research and KE is necessarily flexible. The focus is on practitioners’ knowledge and ownership of the process, sharing knowledge with parents and enhancing children’s experiences. Practical implications – Practices that can enhance parental engagement in their children’s early literacy are varied and multiple and ORIM can be used flexibly to plan, develop and evaluate innovative and community – (and family –) specific practices. Social implications – Where parents have more knowledge of children’s early literacy development they are in a better position to support them; for learning communities there are implications in terms of future development of work with families to support early literacy development. Originality/value – This paper contributes an original approach to the co-production of research with early years practitioners. It also identifies specific issues around the ethics of ownership in co-produced research.