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Journal articles on the topic 'The Ottoman State'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 23 February 2023

Last updated: 25 July 2025

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1

أمحمد, أمحمد إبـراهيـم. "Jewish attempts to penetrate the Arab states during the Ottoman era (1517-1920)." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Social Sciences 12, no. 1 (2024): 116–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/085vf327.

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The relationship between the Jews and the Ottoman Turks went through various phases and stages from its inception until the recognition of their state by modern Turkey in 1949. Harmony prevailed when the Jews were mere subjects in the Ottoman Empire, similar to other communities. However, there were instances of firmness by the Ottoman state when Jewish ambitions emerged, especially in the periods preceding World War I. Despite the Ottoman's generally positive treatment of the Jews and their warm welcome, the Ottomans faced challenges in the lands from which the Jews came to the Ottoman territ

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2

Zhigalova, Natal’ia Eduardovna. "Mustafa Celebi vs Murad II: The Interference of Byzantium in the Dynastic Feuds of the Ottomans." Античная древность и средние века 51 (2023): 413–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15826/adsv.2023.51.023.

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This article researches political activities of the son of the Ottoman Sultan Bayezid I (1389–1402) Mustafa Celebi, supported by the Byzantine Emperors Manuel II and John VIII Palaiologoi in the internecine war with Sultan Murad II (1421–1444, 1446–1451). The materials of Byzantine, Ottoman, and Venetian sources provide the background to analyze the degree of participation of the Byzantine basilei in the intradynastic affairs of the Ottomans, the reasons leading to the Byzantine support for Mustafa, and the consequences of the Ottoman internecine war for the Byzantine state. The study undertak

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Dalillah Mohd Isa, Ammalina, Spahic Omer, and Fauziah Fathil. "FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE ACHIEVEMENT OF THE OTTOMAN CONQUEST OF THE BALKAN IN THE 14TH CENTURY." International Journal of Advanced Research 11, no. 01 (2023): 1023–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/16114.

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The Ottomans first made an appearance in the Balkan region after John Kantakouzenos requested Sultan Orhan Is assistance to win the Byzantine throne. During their later assistance, the Ottomans acquired Fort of Tzympe in Gallipoli as their base in the Balkan region. After the annexation of Gallipoli city, the Ottomans affirmed their intention to expand their territory westward that, in less than half of a century, they subjugated almost the entire Balkan region. The objective of this study is to analyse contributory factors for the achievement of the Ottoman conquest and expansion in the Balka

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Al-Wais, Ismail Mohammed Hassan. "Political and Military Conditions in the Najd and Hejaz (1745–1914)." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2025): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(2).18.

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From 1745 to 1914, political and military events in the Najd and Hejaz transformed the Arabian Peninsula into what it is today. Extensive conflicts between the rulers of the region against outside intrusion determined the political structure of the region. The first Saudi state, founded by Muhammad bin Saud alongside Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab, was established in Najd in 1745. As the leader of the Saudi state, Muhammad bin Saud officially embraced Wahhabi Islam, which led him to create a fundamental religious framework for the governance of his domain. After rapid expansion, the state gained c

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Đorđević, Petar. "PAX OTTOMANA – ADMINISTRATION, REGULATION AND SHARIA LAW OF THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE." Peščanik 22, no. 25 (2024): 235–49. https://doi.org/10.46793/pescanik25.235dj.

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The focus of this work named “Pax Ottomana” is to bring us closer and explain how the Ottoman empire functioned during 16th and 17th century – the period of which our research is focused on. Based on the fact that our own country was under the rule of Ottoman empire and that our authors are not usually focusing on how the rule looked like from the perspective of Ottomans the author of this work decided to bring us closed to the period of the Ottoman rule on these territories and on the global scene, a period which is known in new historiography as “Ottoman Peace”. Ottoman state in this time wa

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Kaçar, Hilmi. "‘Moedige krijgers’ of het zwaard van God? - Een conceptuele herevaluatie van Paul Wittek’s gaza-thesis over de Osmaanse staatsvorming." Tijdschrift voor geschiedenis 127, no. 2 (2014): 247–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tvgesch2014.2.kaca.

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This article re-evaluates Paul Wittek's famous gaza thesis, which until the 1980s was the dominant explanation of the Ottoman state and remains influential. It situates Wittek within the intellectual genealogy of Ottoman Studies, which exhibits two major lines: the Ottomans were either barbarians without an understanding of state-building, or fanatical Muslims who were engaged in continuous holy war. Since Wittek, many scholars have believed that holy war was central to the Ottoman state and ideology. Wittek wrongly interpreted the concept gaza as equivalent to the western term ‘holy war’, see

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7

Karaman, K. Kivanç, and Şevket Pamuk. "Ottoman State Finances in European Perspective, 1500–1914." Journal of Economic History 70, no. 3 (2010): 593–629. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050710000550.

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The early modern era witnessed the formation across Europe of centralized states that captured increasing shares of resources as taxes. These states not only enjoyed greater capacity to deal with domestic and external challenges, they were also able to shield their economies better against wars. This article examines the Ottoman experience with fiscal centralization using recently compiled evidence from budgets. It shows that due to high shares of intermediaries, Ottoman revenues lagged behind those of other states in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Ottomans responded to military def

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Al-Wais, Ismail Mohammed Hassan. "Political and Military Conditions in the Najd and Hejaz (1745–1914)." European Journal of Arts, Humanities and Social Sciences 2, no. 2 (2025): 161–68. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejahss.2025.2(2).18.

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From 1745 to 1914, political and military events in the Najd and Hejaz transformed the Arabian Peninsula into what it is today. Extensive conflicts between the rulers of the region against outside intrusion determined the political structure of the region. The first Saudi state, founded by Muhammad bin Saud alongside Muhammad bin Abd al-Wahhab, was established in Najd in 1745. As the leader of the Saudi state, Muhammad bin Saud officially embraced Wahhabi Islam, which led him to create a fundamental religious framework for the governance of his domain. After rapid expansion, the state gained c

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9

Arslan, Hüseyin Ongan. "Taming the Qizilbash and Quelling Their Echoes: Ottoman Appropriations of ʿAli". Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 68, № 3-4 (2025): 274–300. https://doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341644.

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Abstract This article delves into the Ottoman Empire’s nuanced response to the Qizilbash challenge, a significant outcome of the evolving religious and political landscapes in sixteenth-century West Asia. The Ottomans grappled with various strategies, seemingly contradictory, to counter the persistent Qizilbash influence. Among these reactions, a focal point is the Ottomans’ endeavor to claim ʿAli within the Devlet-i ʿAliyye-i ʿOsmaniye (The Sublime State of the Ottomans). Narratives by Kemalpaşazade (d. 1534), the esteemed chief-jurisconsult, and Celalzade Mustafa (d. 1567), a distinguished c

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Papatheodorou, Artemis. "Photography and other Media at the Service of Ottoman Archaeology." DIYÂR 1, no. 1 (2020): 108–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/2625-9842-2020-1-108.

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From its earliest days, photography was linked to material remains of the past. Western pioneers of the medium were attracted to photographing Ottoman lands, especially the land of the Pharaohs, and the Holy Land. The Ottomans also seized upon photography themselves, turning the lens upon monuments and artefacts within their own Empire. The literature on archaeological photography in the region has focused on European travel photography, and on the upper echelons of state officialdom. This article shifts attention to Ottoman bureaucracy, and to the societal level. It discusses the relationship

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Erginbaş, Vefa. "Problematizing Ottoman Sunnism: Appropriation of Islamic History and Ahl al-Baytism in Ottoman Literary and Historical Writing in the Sixteenth Century." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 60, no. 5 (2017): 614–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685209-12341435.

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A growing number of studies argue that the Ottomans became militantly Sunni in the sixteenth century as they participated in the age of confessionalization. In defining Ottoman Sunnism, state policy and state-appointed jurists and scholars played a significant role. This paper attempts to define Ottoman Sunnism in the sixteenth century in a manner subtly different from that of the jurists, by looking at the views of Ottoman historians on the issues that divided the original Muslim community, ultimately resulting in the Sunni-Shiʿi schism. Despite the seemingly sectarian conflicts of the sixtee

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Yücel, Yaşar, and Özer Ergenç. "General Characteristics of the Ottoman State Policy During the XVIIIth and the XIXth Centuries." Belleten 54, no. 209 (1990): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.1990.233.

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This paper is designed to explain the general characteristics of the Ottoman State policy during the XVIIth and the XVIIIth centuries. Two factors made this essential. The first was the effects the late XVIIIth century socio-economic and cultural changes of the world had on the Ottoman Empire. The second was the chain of developments which extended from 1683 through 1918. These dramatic developments joined with one another and resulted in the collapse of classical empires of the world, Ottoman Empire being one of them. In other words, the First World War ended monarchical empires of classical

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Alloul, Houssine, and Roel Markey. "“PLEASE DENY THESE MANIFESTLY FALSE REPORTS”: OTTOMAN DIPLOMATS AND THE PRESS IN BELGIUM (1850–1914)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 48, no. 2 (2016): 267–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743816000040.

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AbstractSimilar to ruling elites in Western Europe, the Ottomans were preoccupied with foreign “public opinion” regarding their state. Historians have devoted attention to Ottoman state efforts at image building abroad and, to a lesser degree, related attempts to influence the European mass press. Yet, an in-depth study of this subject is lacking. This article turns to one of the prime, though largely neglected, actors in Ottoman foreign policy making: the sultan's diplomats. Through a case study of Ottoman envoys to Belgium, it demonstrates how foreign “press management” evolved and was adapt

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Tofan, M. "Main stages of state-legal development of Syria during the period of Ottoman domination and the French protectorate." Juridical Journal of Samara University 10, no. 1 (2024): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/2542-047x-2024-10-1-51-55.

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In the article, the author analyzes constitutional and legal models imposed during the period of Ottoman rule from 1517 and the French mandate from 1920 and their significance for the historical development of Syria. The purpose of the article is to analyze the content of the laws and methods of government that existed during the era of the Ottomans and the French in Syria. In the process of research, the author discovered similarities between Ottoman and French methods of imposing constitutional and legal models that were used to change the essence of the Syrian state. There is also a coincid

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Yaccob, Abdol Rauh. "Ottoman–Arab Relations and the Formation of the Modern State of Yemen." Arabist: Budapest Studies in Arabic 19-20 (1998): 245–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.58513/arabist.1998.19-20.24.

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The presence of the Ottomans in Yaman transformed the history of Yaman, notably when the country was again linked with other Arab lands, and these were governed unitedly under the sovereignty of the Ottoman Empire.

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Goffman, Daniel. "Ottoman Mİllets in the Early Seventeenth Century." New Perspectives on Turkey 11 (1994): 135–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0896634600001011.

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The concept of “millet” rivals other ideas, such as “the ghazi state” and “the decline paradigm,” as one of the principal formations around which Ottoman historiography has been constructed. Significantly, it was the Ottomans themselves who originated, and manufactured powerful illusions around, each of these notions. Fifteenth-century post-Interregnum (1402-1412) historians probably invented the view that the Osmanlılar of the previous century had constituted the pre-eminent ghazi principality along the Byzantine frontier; late-sixteenth and seventeenth-century Ottoman critics certainly conco

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17

Özbek, Nadir. "POLICING THE COUNTRYSIDE: GENDARMES OF THE LATE 19TH-CENTURY OTTOMAN EMPIRE (1876–1908)." International Journal of Middle East Studies 40, no. 1 (2008): 47–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743807080087.

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This article lays groundwork for a more systematic history of the Ottoman gendarmerie (jandarma), here with special emphasis on the men in the corps and their working conditions. The gendarmerie, which before 1879 reform the Ottomans called asakir-i zabtiye, was a provincial paramilitary police organization established by bureaucrats of the Tanzimat state during the 1840s on an ad hoc basis. This force later acquired a more uniform and centralized character, becoming the empire's principal internal security organization. Through this paramilitary police institution, 19th-century Ottoman bureau

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18

AbdulRazaq, Teacher Shahin Siham. "Reform and modernization in the Ottoman Empire." ALUSTATH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 226, no. 2 (2018): 115–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.36473/ujhss.v226i2.81.

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The boundaries of the Ottoman Empire span several centuries on a vast expanse, across the ancient continents of the world, with different races, diverse peoples and multiple faiths, and the Ottoman Empire was one of the forces that influenced the course of international politics at the time, and then it was weakened by the political balance and administrative, which was governed by the laws of the sultan between the central authority on the one hand, and those who carry out that policy from Baswat and Pikatagwat... and others on the other hand. The weakness is growing in state institutio

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19

Brummett, Palmira. "The Overrated adversary: Rhodes and Ottoman naval power." Historical Journal 36, no. 3 (1993): 517–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00014291.

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ABSTRACTThis essay examines the relative power of the Rhodian and Ottoman fleets in the first decades of the sixteenth century, taking as its context the commercial and diplomatic relations of the eastern Levantine states. After the Aegean wars of 1499–1503 Rhodes failed to mobilize a Christian alliance against the Ottomans. Nor did the rise of Ismail Safavi in Iran provide the hoped for relief from Ottoman expansion. While the Ottoman state was preoccupied with the succession struggle for Bayezid's throne and with plans to extend its hegemony to the Indian Ocean, Rhodes was fighting for survi

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Zumrad, Rahmonkulova. "FROM THE HISTORY OF DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS OF THE KOKAND AND KHIVA KHANATE WITH THE OTTOMAN STATE IN THE MIDDLE OF THE 19TH CENTURY." LOOK TO THE PAST 5, Special issue 1 (2022): 193–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6758364.

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The article highlights the diplomatic relations of the Kokand Khanate with the Ottoman Empire, embassy relations, the activities of its ambassadors. The issue of Russia's influence on relations between the two countries was also discussed. Muhammad Hakimkhan is also mentioned in Muntahab at-Tavoriks (Selected Book of History) as an important source on the history, political and cultural life of the Ottoman state. By the middle of the 19th century, it was argued that Britain's efforts to forge a military alliance between the Central Asian khanates and the Ottomans had failed. At the end

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Fleet, Kate. "The treaty of 1387 between Murād I and the Genoese." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 56, no. 1 (1993): 13–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x00001646.

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The aim of this article is to present a new edition, translation and commentary of the treaty concluded in 1387 between the Ottoman ruler Murād I (1362–1389) and the Comune of Genoa. As the only known extant fourteenth-century treaty between the Ottomans and a western city state, the treaty is of considerable importance for early Ottoman history, a period for which contemporary Turkish sources are scant.

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Pirický, Gabriel. "The Ottoman Age in Southern Central Europe as Represented in Secondary School History Textbooks in the Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia." Journal of Educational Media, Memory, and Society 5, no. 1 (2013): 108–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/jemms.2013.050107.

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Local populations in Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia, and to a lesser degree in the Czech Republic, experienced much interaction with Muslims throughout the course of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, when the Ottomans, as well as the Crimean Tatars, invaded the Kingdom of Hungary and waged wars against the Polish-Lithuanian state and the Habsburg Hereditary Lands. The Ottoman era has usually been reflected in the history textbooks of these four countries under the headings "Turkish Wars" or "Ottoman Expansion." Since the collapse of the Iron Curtain in 1989, all four ex-communist states

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KOYUNCU, Miyase. "Tanners In Ottoman State." Journal of Turkish Studies Volume 4 Issue 8, no. 4 (2009): 1746–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7827/turkishstudies.1018.

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Bolaños, Isacar A. "THE OTTOMANS DURING THE GLOBAL CRISES OF CHOLERA AND PLAGUE: THE VIEW FROM IRAQ AND THE GULF." International Journal of Middle East Studies 51, no. 4 (2019): 603–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743819000667.

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AbstractThe cholera and plague pandemics of the 19th and early 20h centuries shaped Ottoman state-building and expansionist efforts in Iraq and the Gulf in significant ways. For Ottoman officials, these pandemics brought attention to the possible role of Qajar and British subjects in spreading cholera and plague, as well as the relationship between Iraq's ecology and recurring outbreaks. These developments paved the way for the expansion of Ottoman health institutions, such as quarantines, and the emergence of new conceptions of public health in the region. Specifically, quarantines proved ins

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Illba, Rogina. "The System of Government of Algeria During the Period of Turkish Domination (16th - the First Third of the 19th Century)." IZVESTIYA VUZOV SEVERO-KAVKAZSKII REGION SOCIAL SCIENCE, no. 1 (217) (March 31, 2023): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2687-0770-2023-1-87-91.

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The stages of the rule of the Ottoman Empire in Algeria, from the administration of the Beylerbeys (Prince of Princes) are considered before the reign of the Dey. This was the longest period of Ottoman rule. At present, the history of Algeria seems to be the most important stage of modern Arab history in general and the history of the Ottoman Empire in particular, since the Eyalet of Algeria was the first country in the Maghreb that came under Ottoman control. Since the 16th century, the Ottomans settled there after Hayraddin Barbarossa declared his submission to the Ottoman Sultanate in Istan

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Ahmed, Yakoob. "Muhammad Husayn Na’ini, Caught between Empires and Nations." Archiv orientální 91, no. 3 (2024): 423–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47979/aror.j.91.3.423-445.

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Ayatollah Mirza Muhammad Husayn Gharawi Na’ini was an Iranian Shia-alim born in Nain, Iran, to a respected scholarly family. He completed his training in religious studies in Iran before moving to the provinces of Ottoman Iraq to study under the famous usuli scholars Mirza Muhammad Hasas Shirazi in Samara and Akhund Mullah Muhammad Kazim Khurasani in Najaf. In Ottoman Iraq, Na’ini then wrote his renowned work on Islamic constitutionalism during the regional revolutionary period in 1909. In 1911, Na’ini supported the call for Muslim unity with the Sunnis of the Ottoman Empire as Italy invaded L

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Hickok, Michael Robert. "A. L. MACFIE, The End of the Ottoman Empire, 1908–1923, Turning Points, vol. 1 (New York: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998). Pp. 258. $17.95 paper, $75 cloth." International Journal of Middle East Studies 32, no. 2 (2000): 296–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743800002403.

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The mystery of the Ottoman Empire is not that it ended but that it lasted as long as it did. The End of the Ottoman Empire is the first book in a new Longman series under the editorial direction of Keith Robbins to examine key “turning points” in the history of the emergence of the modern world. Positioning the Ottomans' final moments within the context of a world-history approach is a worthy goal. Moreover, scholars in the discipline have recently been discussing the need to develop texts to expose the Ottoman experience to a broader audience. Macfie attempts to make this connection by relati

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Alfikri, Ahmad Faiz Shobir, and Fadil SJ. "Considering Caliphate and Democracy in Islam: A Comparison of The Ottoman Dynasty and The Indonesian State." POLITEA 7, no. 1 (2024): 1. https://doi.org/10.21043/politea.v7i1.24411.

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<p><ins cite="mailto:Author">The Ottoman Dynasty was one of the largest forms of Islamic government in history. This study aims to investigate and understand the comparison between the concept of the caliphate in the Ottoman Dynasty, one of the largest Islamic empires in history, and the form of a modern state with democracy, namely the State of Indonesia. This study uses comparative historical analysis, taken from primary sources, historical records, and scientific literature to trace the evolution of governance in the Ottoman Dynasty and the State of Indonesia. The results of thi

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Trifković, Nada. "PROBLEM SIGURNOSTI U ZVORNIKU I OKOLINI U DRUGOJ POLOVINI XVI VIJEKA." Leskovački zbornik 63 (October 2023): 55–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/lz-lxiii.055t.

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The Sanjak of Zvornik, which was founded in the period between 1478 and 1481, originally represented the border area of the Ottomans towards the Hungarians, which is why it had great military importance. However, as the borders of the Ottoman State moved towards Hungary, Zvornik and its surroundings, remaining in the background in relation to the newly conquered areas, began to lose their military role. However, due to its geographical location and river connections with Belgrade, the Sanjak of Zvornik has retained its strategic and economic importance. As political, economic and social change

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Peçe, Uğur Z. "The Conscription of Greek Ottomans into the Sultan's Army, 1908–1912." International Journal of Middle East Studies 52, no. 3 (2020): 433–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743820000392.

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AbstractWith the reinstatement of the parliament in 1908, the Ottoman state faced new challenges connected to citizenship. As a policy to finally make citizens equal in rights as well as duties, military conscription figured prominently in this new context. For the first time in Ottoman history, the empire's non-Muslims began to be drafted en masse. This article explores meanings of imperial citizenship and equality through the lens of debates over the conscription of Greek Ottomans, the largest non-Muslim population of the Ottoman Empire. In contrast to the widespread suggestion of the Turkis

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Çirakman, Asli. "FROM TYRANNY TO DESPOTISM: THE ENLIGHTENMENT'S UNENLIGHTENED IMAGE OF THE TURKS." International Journal of Middle East Studies 33, no. 1 (2001): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743801001039.

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This study aims to examine the way in which European writers of the 16th, 17th, and 18th centuries represented Ottoman government. The Ottoman Empire had a special place in European experience and thought. The Ottomans were geographically close to Western Europe, yet they were quite apart in culture and religion, a combination that triggered interest in Turkish affairs.1 Particularly important were political affairs. The Ottoman government inspired a variety of opinions among European travelers and thinkers. During the 18th century, the Ottomans lost their image as formidable and eventually ce

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Masters Masters*, Bruce. "The Political Economy of Aleppo in an Age of Ottoman Reform." Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 53, no. 1-2 (2009): 290–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/002249910x12573963244520.

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AbstractThe return of Ottoman rule to Aleppo in 1840 corresponded with the inauguration of the reform era (1839-76). Although the central Ottoman state could not have foreseen the outcome, these political reforms undermined its economic sovereignty in two key areas. The Ottoman land reform law of 1858 and schemes to settle the Bedouin in northern Syria enabled Aleppo’s political elite to scramble for the steppe lands of the Euphrates valley and ultimately paved the way for European capitalists to exploit the agricultural resources of the region. Additionally, attempts to control the abuses of

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Dakic, Uros. "‘The ‘Ulema’s perception of Ottoman Grand Viziers of Bosnian origin - the example of The Garden of Viziers, the first Ottoman biographical work on Ottoman Grand Viziers." Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor, no. 89 (2023): 51–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pkjif2389051d.

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The Ottoman state was a society in which different religions, languages and ethnicities coexisted throughout its whole history. With this regard, cosmopolitism and tolerance in the Ottoman Empire are a topic often spoken of in the literature related to it. In this work, some ethnic-based dissonant tones present within the Ottoman ruling military-administrative class are brought up. The article suggests that there existed ethnic intolerance which members of ?ulem?, the Ottoman learned class, as ?old Muslims? of Turkish origin, expressed toward grand viziers ?new Muslims? and ?new Ottomans? beca

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Saleh, Ahmed. "The Ottoman Empire’s Struggle Against European Powers (Austria – Russia as a Case Study, 1740-1792)." International Journal of Educational Sciences and Arts 4, no. 4 (2025): 79–110. https://doi.org/10.59992/ijesa.2025.v4n4p4.

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The Ottoman Empire directed its full weight toward military and combat development, equipping the army and building warships. It appears that the vast responsibilities and the expansion of their territories necessitated this effort, or that the very formation of their state was inherently military. However, by 1740, the Ottoman Empire experienced a significant decline in civilizational progress, enduring a prolonged period of stagnation and cultural inertia, while its rivals—chiefly Austria and Russia—began surpassing it in scientific and military advancements. Over time, European developments

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Ergin, Murat, and Yağmur Karakaya. "Between neo-Ottomanism and Ottomania: navigating state-led and popular cultural representations of the past." New Perspectives on Turkey 56 (April 21, 2017): 33–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/npt.2017.4.

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AbstractIn contemporary Turkey, a growing interest in Ottoman history represents a change in both the official state discourse and popular culture. This nostalgia appropriates, reinterprets, decontextualizes, and juxtaposes formerly distinct symbols, ideas, objects, and histories in unprecedented ways. In this paper, we distinguish between state-led neo-Ottomanism and popular cultural Ottomania, focusing on the ways in which people in Turkey are interpellated by these two different yet interrelated discourses, depending on their social positions. As the boundary between highbrow and popular cu

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Koç, Yunus. "Erken Dönem Osmanlı Yönetiminin Kanunlaşma ve Devletleşme Süreci / Legalisation and Statehood Process of Early Ottoman Administration." KAMU Hukuk ve Yönetim / PUBLIC, Law and Administration 1, no. 1 (2024): 31–49. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13150322.

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Ottoman law, as a field of study, has continued to attract the attention of both historians and jurists for a considerable time. In addition to historians such as Ömer Lütfi Barkan and Halil İnalcık, legal historians such as Coşkun Üçok, Ahmet Mumcu, Mehmet Akif Aydın, Ahmet Akgündüz have discussed Ottoman law both theoretically and in terms of sources. Thanks to the studies on thousands of volumes of legal texts that have survived to the present day thanks to the bureaucratic structure of the Ottoman Empire, we can follow the nature of Ottoman law, the relation

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Al-Ghazi, Amani Jafar. "Observatories in the Ottoman Empire." international Jordanian journal for humanities and social since 3, no. 1 (2021): 33–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4633151.

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<strong><em>Abstract</em></strong> The astrologer in the Ottoman Empire was called a "mine" relative to the "star" and the head of the astrologers as a scientific body in the bureaucratic system called the "Bashi Mine" , Although there is no specific date for the beginning of the founding of the Astrology Foundation in the Ottoman Empire, it is known that astrology activity has existed since ancient times and has a great influence on society and the state, some scholars of the Islamic State and a speciality in the Ottoman era have built their own observatories, by

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Azad, Md Abul Kalam. "THE BATTLE OF CHALDIRAN: CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES." Arts Faculty Journal 12, no. 17 (2023): 1–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.62296/afj20221217001.

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The general trajectory of Ottoman-Safavid relations during the 235 years period between 1501 and 1736 outstandingly marked by persisting hostility and military conflict with brief and rare intervals of tranquility. The Battle of Chaldiran that took place in 1514 was the first major Ottoman-Safavid military clash and it was an important event in the history of Islam. The battle tested the military strength of two Muslim powers of the time and ended in favour of the Ottomans. The battle occurred for a good number of reasons and finally it left a long lasting legacy for both the Ottoman empire an

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Gokaru, Shuaibu Umar, Mohd Roslan Mohd Nor (Corresponding Author), and Faisal @. Ahmad Faisal Abdul Hamid. "Ottoman Civilization and Its Impact in Contemporary Malaysia: An Evaluation." Journal of Al-Tamaddun 18, no. 1 (2023): 193–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22452/jat.vol18no1.16.

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The Ottoman Empire is a multi-cultural and multi-lingual empire that influenced not only the Muslim Nations but even non-Muslims, particularly in Europe. This might have been achieved because of the direct and indirect connection between the Ottomans and the nations. In this regard, Malaysia is not an exception. Although various authors and academics contributed to analysing issues relating to the connection between the Malay Archipelago and the Ottomans, particularly on diplomatic relations, the details of the impacts of Ottoman civilizations in contemporary Malaysia have been largely overloo

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Özkul, Ali Efdal, and Hasan Samani̇. "Diseases, Doctors and Patient-Doctor Relationships in Ottoman Cyprus as Revealed in Sharia Court Records." Belleten 84, no. 299 (2020): 261–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.37879/belleten.2020.261.

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Throughout history, Cyprus has hosted many civilizations and states due to its strategic location in the Mediterranean. One of them is the Ottoman Empire. The Ottomans conquered the island in 1571 and maintained their rule until 1878. The scholarly attempt to grasp the Ottoman Empire with its all institutional, political, social, economic and cultural aspects has been one of the fields of interest for world historiography. It is obvious that local history studies in the countries experienced the Ottoman rule, would help and contribute to draw a general picture of the Ottoman Empire. In this co

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Lawandow, Atoor. "Women, the Homeland, and the Sectarian Frontier: ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suwaydī's Narrative Accounts of Persian Campaigns in Ottoman Iraq". Journal of the Ottoman and Turkish Studies Association 9, № 2 (2022): 267–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/tur.2022.a902158.

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ABSTRACT: In this article I analyze the texts of the Ottoman-Iraqi author ʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Suwaydī (1721–1785) to investigate whether models of participation in national processes available to women in Ottoman Iraq emerged as a result of the Ottoman Empire's adaptation of European nationalism or whether these models existed in some form prior to and helped accelerate the acceptance of European nationalism by the Ottomans. A close reading of al-Suwaydī's accounts of historical events shows that the relationship between women and the state was one in which women were cast as objects of protecti

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Saja, Qahtan Mohammed Qaba. "The policy of the Ottoman state towards the Arab and Kurdish tribes in Mosul after the return of central rule to it in 1834 AD." international Jordanian journal for humanities and social since 1, no. 3 (2019): Pages: 75–84. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4636804.

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<strong>Abstract</strong>   In the light of the above discussed, we can say that the tribes in the state of Mosul  played a significant role, as this role has been given a political character, forcing the ottoman authorities to deal with it seriously and trying to appease it in fear of what might happen in the continuation of the clans in the Ottoman authorities, especially some of these tribes had a political and military status like Shammar Al-Jarba in Jazeera region and the evidence of the strength and prestige of the clan is the attempt by the ottoman rulers since before the retu

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Cigdem, Recep. "Tax Law in Crimea in the Light of Two Yarlıks." Russian History 38, no. 4 (2011): 429–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187633111x594542.

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AbstractThis article examines two yarlıks about the taxation issued by the governor of autonomous Crimea in June 1609. Two other documents about a female slave dated June 1677 involving the dignitaries of Crimea are also examined. The main aim of this work is to find out whether or not the provisions of the statutes (kanun) of the mainland, Istanbul, were also applied in other autonomous provinces. This article tries to shed light on tax regulations in different parts of the Ottoman Empire and to contribute to our understanding of yarlıks. The Crimean khanate which was established as an indepe

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Zhigalova, Natalia. "Ottoman Military Campaigns in the Peloponnese in the Second Quarter of the 15th Century: Military-Political Aspect." ISTORIYA 14, no. 1 (123) (2023): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840024212-2.

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In this article, the author examines the causes, course and results of the Ottoman military campaigns in the Peloponnese in the second quarter of the 15th century. The author comes to the conclusion that the raids of the Ottoman commander Turahan Bey in 1423, 1431 and 1435 were rather local acts of aggression aimed at intimidating the Morean despots and were intended to prevent the expansion of Byzantine influence in Greece and in the north of the Peloponnese. At the same time, the Ottoman campaign against the Peloponnese in 1446 had the character of a punitive expedition. Sultan Murad II pers

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Sadykov, Murad. "THE FIRMANS FROM OTTOMAN STATE TO THE NAMES OF THE KAYTAG UTSMIES." History, Archeology and Ethnography of the Caucasus 18, no. 3 (2022): 606–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32653/ch183606-625.

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İn this work presents epistolary sources in the Ottoman language from the collection of the firmans of the Ottoman sultans and viziers in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians. The Fund of Oriental Manuscripts of the Institute of History, Archeology and Ethnography of the DPhIC RAS contains microfilms of these firms, obtained from the National Library of France, where the Utsmi collection came in the second half of the 20th century. Some copies of the firmans of the Ottoman leaders in the name of the Kaitag Utsmians are also available in the book depositories of Georgia. They were published by Georg

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Miyase. "Evolutionary Secularisation of the Ottoman Law in the Nineteenth Century: Roots and Implications." Eskiyeni, no. 44 (September 20, 2021): 385–408. https://doi.org/10.37697/eskiyeni.959071.

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In the world history, the nineteenth century witnessed globally major economic, politic, and social changes. More importantly, their implications constitute today’s challenges particularly for modern Muslim-majority states where the tension between state, religion and society has not been settled. There is no doubt that looking at the past where the separation between <em>sharī‘a</em> and state started clearly to appear serves for a better understanding of today’s struggle in locating the role of <em>sharī‘a</em> in legal systems of modern Muslim-majority states. Many o

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Zens, Robert. "Reimagining the Ottomans: The Tale of an Ottoman Ayan." Journal of World History 35, no. 2 (2024): 175–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2024.a929266.

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Abstract: From 1797 until 1802, the Ottoman ayan (notable) Pasvanoǧlu Osman Pasha was mentioned in the Times of London over one hundred times, more than any other Ottoman apart from the sultan himself. While the historic Pasvanoǧlu was seen by the Ottoman state as a brigand, rebel, and traitor, the Times saw him reimagined as an oriental Robin Hood-esque hero whose actions, although destructive, were for the greater good of those under his authority against the "tyrannical" rule of the sultan. It was in this vain that the author of a letter to the editor published on 26 March 1819, twelve year

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ADHAB, Nawal Zghair. "WOMEN IN OTTOMAN THOUGHT." RIMAK International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 04, no. 02 (2022): 116–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.16.9.

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The Ottoman Empire lived through a period of weakness ‎and disintegration after the wars of the Russian state and the ‎Balkans, and the military and political weakness that afflicted it ‎as a result of its weak economic and social capabilities‏,‏‎ The last ‎period of the nineteenth century after the organizations era ‎‎(1839 - 1861 AD) is considered insufficient in reforming the state ‎in all areas. A new stage in the history of the Ottoman Empire ‎began, which is the era of Westernization, the introduction of ‎European ideas and the attacking of extremist ideas in religion, ‎And the Ottoman w

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Sariyannis, Marinos. "Ruler and state, state and society in Ottoman political thought." Turkish Historical Review 4, no. 1 (2013): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00401004.

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It can be argued that the late seventeenth century marks the transition of the Ottoman entity into an early modern state, with one of its main features identified as the distinction between the ruler and the state apparatus. The paper aims to explore whether, when and how such a process reflected in contemporary political thought. It analyzes the ways Ottoman elite authors represented society vis-à-vis the sultan; also, the development of the notion of “state” in the same authors and how it came to be considered different from that of the “ruler”.

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Laiou, Sophia. "Diverging realities of a Christian vakıf, sixteenth to eighteenth centuries." Turkish Historical Review 3, no. 1 (2012): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187754612x638219.

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This article aims to investigate the adaptation of the Christian monastic foundations to the Islamic vakıf and to demonstrate the often flexible and equivocal way the term vakıf was applied by the Orthodox monks and the state officials in the sixteenth to the eighteenth centuries. The question of the Christian vakıf is important, since a significant part of the agricultural property of many Orthodox monasteries in the Greek lands was vakıf, owned since the Byzantine period and acknowledged as such by the Ottomans, or property acquired during the Ottoman period and characterized as vakıf throug

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