Academic literature on the topic 'The Pashto Language'

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Journal articles on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Israr, Ayesha, Khalid Shah, and Arif Khan. "English Pashto Contact: Morphological Adaptation of Bilingual Compound Words and Hybrydization in Pashto Language." Human Nature Journal of Social Sciences 4, no. 3 (2023): 256–64. https://doi.org/10.71016/hnjss/e2j53602.

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Aim of the Study: Language Contact is a familiar concept in the present global world. Across the globe, languages get mixed up at different levels. Borrowing and code-switching are some of the means through which languages interact. This study examines Pashto-English contact at word and syllable levels. Methodology: By recording the speech of 100 Pashto native speakers, selected via ‘social network’ sampling, the study located a number of Pashto-English compound hybrid words which is a unique contact of its kind. In data analysis, tokens were categorized on the basis of their pattern and morphological structure. Findings: The study shows that Pashto-English Bilingual Compound Hybrid words (BCHWs) are very prevalent in Pashto language. The study also found that the BCHWs in Pashto are completely productive and have their own meanings. It also shows that the dominant pattern of hybrid words in Pashto is the conjugation of an independent English root word followed by a Pashto inflectional morpheme, which contributes to the core semantic content of the construction. The BCHWs construction shows that how both the languages are closer to each other. Pashto-English contact results into bilingual compound and hybrid words, which form a considerable number of tokens in the present day, spoken Pashtu. Conclusion: On the basis of these findings, the study assumes that the same phenomenon may increase with the passage of time that would in turn result in the formation of more bilingual compound or hybrid words.
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Ayesha Saddiqa. "The Role of Pashto (as L1) and Urdu (as L2) in English Language Learning." Linguistics and Literature Review 4, no. 1 (2018): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.32350/llr.v4i1.273.

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Pashto is one of the dominant languages in the north of Pakistan. Its speakers prefer to communicate in L1with their peers in non-pashto speaking regions like Lahore, which is the capital city of Punjab, Pakistan. Along with Pashto, they communicate in Urdu (the national language) and English (the most prestigious academic language) for higher education, employment and business. With this background in mind, the current study investigates: (a) what are the common syntactic properties (sentence structure, aspect, preposition, article and mood) in Pashto, Urdu and English languages?, (b) What are the advantages and/ or disadvantages to Pashto speakers in English language learning? and (c) What is the potential role of Urdu in English language learning? Linguistic Proximity Model was used as a theoretical framework to analyze the data. The data was gathered from 19 Bachelor of Science Pashto students of different programs from three universities located in Lahore. The participants were asked to translate sentences from Urdu to English and from Pashto to English to find interference of both Pashto and Urdu in learning the English language. Unlike many studies, the present study negates the facilitative role of background languages in learning the target language. Apparently, although Urdu serves as a base for learning the English language, the present study recommends an independent investigation to explore the role of the Urdu language in learning English.
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Imdad, Ali Humera Sharif Afia Mahmood. "A Study of Demonstrative Determiners in Pashto Language." Multicultural Education 7, no. 6 (2021): 634. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5042164.

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<em>The existence of determiner phrase and its different manifestations in number, gender, and case have been studied and proved in the English language in many research studies. Many languages other than English need this investigation in order to establish a sound hypothesis about the universal language structure. This study was an attempt to find out the structure of the determiner phrase in the Pashto language. It also investigated the equivalents of the English determiner phrase in the Pashto language. It used the spoken corpus of Pashto as primary data. In addition, short stories and novels written by literary writers in the Pashto language have been used as secondary data. Moreover, intensive group discussion with native speakers of the Pashto language has also been utilized as another secondary data source. The minimalist program was used to guide and understand syntactic structure of languages. It was followed by determiner phrase hypothesis. The hypothesis states that a noun is headed by its determiner in a noun phrase. Data were analyzed within the framework of determiner phrase hypothesis. The study shows that noun in the determiner phrase is not determined by definite or indefinite article in the Pashto language. The determiner phrase is inflected for number, gender, and case in Pashto language. Furthermore, the Pashto determiner phrase is different from English in terms of medial demonstrative determiners. The study is significant as it provides an insight into the structure of the Pashto determiner phrase.</em>
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Manawi, Saeyd Kamal, Khairuddin Aslamyar, and Muhammad Yaqoob Seraj. "A Comparative Analysis of Passive Voice in Farsi and Pashto Languages." International Journal of Linguistics, Literature and Translation 7, no. 5 (2024): 18–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijllt.2024.7.5.3.

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Two prominent languages of the Indo-Iranian branch, Pashto and Persian, have different passive voice formulations that reflect their own grammatical structures and cultural backgrounds. This article analyzes the passive structure of the Pashto language. The Pashto language has a passive structure that shares many structural similarities with the Persian language. This study aimed to educate EFL learners, teachers, and interpreters in Afghanistan on how to effectively use English, Pashto, and Persian in learning and teaching. A qualitative study was undertaken to analyze the passive voice structures in Persian and Pashto languages. The study utilized library-based techniques. Various structures of passive within tenses were analyzed in detail. The results showed that both Farsi and Pashto use almost the same pattern in changing an active into a passive one. The study found that passive voice is not only limited to some verb identifiers and past participle forms, but also involves transitivity alternation in both Farsi and Pashto languages.
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Hood, Haji Mohammad. "Language borrowing in Pashto." International Journal of Advanced Academic Studies 4, no. 1 (2022): 111–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33545/27068919.2022.v4.i1b.693.

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Aslamzai, Sebghatullah, and Saidah Saad. "Pashto Language Stemming Algorithm." Asia-Pacific Journal of Information Technology and Multimedia 04, no. 01 (2015): 25–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/apjitm-2015-0401-03.

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Ali, Khurshid, and Fatima Tuz Zahra. "Unstable Bilingualism between Hindko and Pashto in Hazar." CARC Research in Social Sciences 3, no. 2 (2024): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.58329/criss.v3i2.134.

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Hindko and Pashto languages belong to the Indo-European language family, belonging to subgroups Indo-Aryan and Indo-Iranian respectively. In North West Frontier Region Pashto and Hindko co-exist side by side, gaining numbers of bilingual speakers. But the bilingualism between these two languages is not of a stable nature. Survey-based research was conducted in five different localities across Hazara Division districts. Results from the statistics collected from five hundred bilinguals' questionnaires data provided the results of the research. The study provides substantial evidence in proof of Unstable Bilingualism. The bilinguals do not exhibit equal competency in both languages, with some exceptions. However, majority of the bilinguals have more competencies in mother-tongue rather than the 2nd language. The circumstances and factors involved in language acquisition and learning have a great impact on the competency in language; the domains and usage of specific language also affects the competency in the language. Study further pointed out that the areas in which both languages exist, the use of one language in more domains leads to the dominance of that language in overall impression and accent of other language. Like in the locality of Dhodial most of the speakers showed that the impression of Hindko accent is dominant on Pashto accent and vice versa in areas where Pashto has impact on Hindko accent. These results pointed out stable groundings to prove that bilingualism between Pashto and Hindko is of unstable nature.
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Haq, Ijazul, Weidong Qiu, Jie Guo, and Peng Tang. "Pashto offensive language detection: a benchmark dataset and monolingual Pashto BERT." PeerJ Computer Science 9 (October 18, 2023): e1617. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1617.

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Social media platforms have become inundated with offensive language. This issue must be addressed for the growth of online social networks (OSNs) and a healthy online environment. While significant research has been devoted to identifying toxic content in major languages like English, this remains an open area of research in the low-resource Pashto language. This study aims to develop an AI model for the automatic detection of offensive textual content in Pashto. To achieve this goal, we have developed a benchmark dataset called the Pashto Offensive Language Dataset (POLD), which comprises tweets collected from Twitter and manually classified into two categories: “offensive” and “not offensive”. To discriminate these two categories, we investigated the classic deep learning classifiers based on neural networks, including CNNs and RNNs, using static word embeddings: Word2Vec, fastText, and GloVe as features. Furthermore, we examined two transfer learning approaches. In the first approach, we fine-tuned the pre-trained multilingual language model, XLM-R, using the POLD dataset, whereas, in the second approach, we trained a monolingual BERT model for Pashto from scratch using a custom-developed text corpus. Pashto BERT was then fine-tuned similarly to XLM-R. The performance of all the deep learning and transformer learning models was evaluated using the POLD dataset. The experimental results demonstrate that our pre-trained Pashto BERT model outperforms the other models, achieving an F1-score of 94.34% and an accuracy of 94.77%.
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Muhammadi, Attaullah, Ahmad Shah Nawabi, Sayed Ahmad Qani, Mohammad Edriss Masoom, Naseer Ahmad Tayid, and Hashmatullah Tareen. "An Overview of the Influence of Other Languages on the Composition of Contemporary Pashto Script." Sprin Multidisciplinary Journal in Pashto, Persian & English 2, no. 01 (2024): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.55559/smjppe.v2i01.241.

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This topic introduces the definition of composition and the influence of other languages in Pashto literature on Pashto compositions and also shows the composition of Pashto language itself. Definitions in this topic, other relevant aspects of the topic are taken from reputable sources and part of the effect on the composition is seen in the writings of newspaper and radio speakers and writers, as well as school and university professors, which will be discussed accordingly. This research has been compiled from the reputable academic books using a library method, in simple and fluent Pashto language; in order to achieve the three goals of this research, which is to identify the composition; find out the Influence of other languages on Pashto compositions and presentation of Pashto compositions instead of these effective compositions. Finally, the features of the Pashto language's own composition and some suggestions are presented as part of this research.
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., Shaibar, та Ata ur Rahman. "(پشتو نثر میں سیرت نگاری کا ایک علمی و تجزیاتی مطالعہ(منتخب کتب سیرت کی روشنی میں". Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 4, № 1 (2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.4:1.06.2019.06.

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Due to the significance of Sīrah, Muslim scholars started writing about it from the very beginning of Islam. Pashto language, like other major languages, contains the Sīrah writings. There are two types of Sīrah writings in Pashto language. The first type of books are written for a common man, in a very simple language and style, just to get guidance from the Sīrah of the Holy Prophet (P.B.U.H). This type of books were discussed by Dr. Sa’īdullah Qaḍī in his article “Sīrah books in Pashto Language” published in “Al-Ḥaq” Monthly Journal of Jami’a Dārul Uloom Ḥaqqānia, Akora Khattak. The second type of Sīrah books are written after deep research and criticism of the narrations. But it is worth mentioning that no comprehensive research has been carried out so far which can cover both types of books. Therefore an analysis of the Selected Sīrah writings in Pashto Language has been made, to explore the remarkable Sīrah writings in Pashto Language.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Pollock, Sandybell. "Hindi-Vindi and Pashto-Mashto : Comments on Various Types of Lexical Reduplication in Hindi and Pashto." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-276292.

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The purpose of this paper is to examine potential similarities in Hindi1 and Pashto grammar as regards to the arial feature of lexical reduplication, and to give a brief explanation of the phenomenon. It is my belief that this feature appears in both languages and that it functions in a similar way when it comes to: full reduplication, distribution and partial reduplication, so called echo-words. I will try to explain how these features function in Pashto based on the research already done in Hindi and the limited amount of description found in Pashto grammars that discuss this subject. The object of the paper is to prove that reduplication in Pashto takes similar form with similar meaning to the reduplications found in Hindi. To analyse this I will look at literary language in Hindi and Pashto using examples found in books, grammars, papers of other researchers, as well as examples found online in blogs and on newspaper sites. The first section of this paper will deal with full reduplication of nouns, pronouns, adjectives and adverbials, numerals and participles. It will show that various types of semantic meanings can be derived from reduplication such as intensification, attenuation, continuation or distribution. The second section will deal with partial reduplication and it will show that these also appears in the different word categories mentioned (though apparently not in both languages) and it aims to give an explanation as to what forms these partial reduplications can take, that is, how they are constructed, as well as how they may function.
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Septfonds, Daniel. "Description d'un parler pashto du paktya (afghanistan)." Paris 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA030106.

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Le pashto, langue iranienne du nord-est parlee en afghanistan et au pakistan par environ quinze millions de locuteurs, se repartit en trois grandes aires dialectales: a(orientale), b(centrale), c(occidentale). Cette division repose essentiellement sur des criteres phonologiques. Une mutation vocalique : la metaphonie "waziri", se retrouve toute entiere dans la zone b. Cette etude s'attache a la description d'un parler pashto de la zone centrale, le parler des ethnies "djadran" et "tani" (paktya, afghanistan), dans lequel la metaphonie waziri est complete. La premiere partie est consacree a la phonologie : le trait le plus saillant en est la reduction du systeme vocalique : cinq voyelles, pas d'oppositions de quantite. La seconde partie, qui concerne le verbe, est le centre de la description. Les verbes se repartissent en deux grandes classes : les verbes simples et les verbes composes. Ils ne sauraient etre confondus : les verbes simples forment leur perfectif par prefixation d'un morpheme ; les verbes composes excluent ce morpheme, mais leur base en possede toutes les proprietes (accentuelles et tactiques). Verbes simples et verbes composes sont a distinguer des locutions verbales. La transcription s'efforce d'integrer ces donnees par l'usage de quelques signes conventionnels. Suit une presentation de la valeur des formes. Une place particuliere est accordee a la categorie de l'eventuel et aux relations entre imperatif et injonctif. La troisieme partie est consacree aux mots pronominaux. La quatrieme partie est consacree a la flexion du nom et a celle de l'adjectif. La cinquieme partie traite de diverses particules : relateurs, adverbes, etc. La sixieme partie est une esquisse rapide de l'ordre des termes dans le groupe verbal : c'est-a-dire des diverses combinaisons du verbe avec d'une part des particules clitiques, d'autre part des particules accentogenes. Dans un second tome sont presentes (transcrits et traduits) deux textes du repertoire traditionnel : l'histoire de sayf ol-molouk (at 400) et celle des quatre compagnons (at 976 a - at 503 - at 916). Suit un glossaire du parler d'environ seize cents entrees<br>Pashto is a north-eastern iranian language spoken in afghanistan and in pakistan by about fifteen million speakers. It is divided into three great dialectological areas : a (east), b (central), c (west). This classification basically implies phonological criteria. A vowel change : the "waziri metaphony" is entirely found in zone b. The object of this study is the description of a variety of pashto in which the "waziri metaphony" is fully represented. This language is spoken by the "djadran" and the "tani" tribes (paktya, afghanistan). In the first volume a grammatical description will be found. In the second volume, we will present two folk stories (these stories are transcribed and translated) : the story of "sayf ol-molouk" (at 400) and the story of "the four friends" (at 976 - at 503 - at 916). In addition we will provid a glossary of this dialect
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di, Lalla Noemi Nelly. "Pasado compuesto : étude de son opposition au pasado simple." Paris 7, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA070037.

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L ‘objectif poursuivi est de montrer que l'opposition du Pasado Compuesto au Pasado simple repose sur celle, modale, qui émerge de la structuration des énoncés. Dans cette hypothèse, on essaie d'aboutir à une caractérisation modo-aspectuelle des prédications d'existence intégrant chacune des formes en question. Le traitement de ce problème doit beaucoup aux outils élaborés par l'actuelle de formalisation de A. Culioli. Les indications de référence temporelle fournies par le pasado compuesto et le pasado simple font néanmoins apparaître que cette formalisation repose sur une sérieuse interversion des valeurs concernant la définition des repères qui fondent la construction de la "situation de co-énonciation" d'un côté, la construction des situations aoristiques, d'un autre côté. Ces problèmes sont au travail dans la totalité de la thèse. En ce qui concerne le pasado compuesto, on montre la profonde contingence des prédications qui sont de son ressort, à travers l'étude des zones d'indifférenciation qualitative et ou quantitative rattachées à la présence de marqueurs syntaxiques co-occurrents. On analyse les répercussions de ce phénomène au plan de la relation intersujets. A travers le concept de quantification des procès (interessant les déterminateurs de l'objet syntaxique), on aborde la question des déterminateurs aspectuelles concernant la distinction classique de "l'entier pas entier" (perfectif imperfectif). Avec le pasado simple seul, il est question de "prédication de conformité" et d'une caractérisation modale de type "nécessaire" de la relation "procès-objet. La totalité de ces conclusions se fonde sur l'analyse d'un corpus d'énoncés attestés<br>The objective pursued is to that opposition of the pasado compuesto to the pasado simple is based on a modal opposition which emerges from the structure of the utterances. Using this as hypothesis we try to arrive at a modal-aspectual characterisation of the predication of existence concerning the forms in question. The treatement of this problem owers much to the technical implements developped by formalisation team of a culioli. The indications of temporal reference furnished by the pasado. Compuesto and the pasado simple reveal nontheless that this formalisation is based on a serious interversion of the concerning the definition of "locators" are founded the construction of the enonciative situation, on the hand, and that of the aorist situations, on the other hand. As regards the pasado compuesto, we show the profound contingency of the predication of existence which this form introduces, throug studvng the qualitative and quantitative zones of indifferenciation attached to the presence of co-occurring syntatic markers we analyse the repercussions of this phenomenon on the level of inter-subject relations. Using the concept of quantification of processus (concerning the determinartion of the syntactic object. We approch the classic distinction of "entire non-entre" (perfective imperfective). With the pasado simple alone, it is a question of "predication of conformity" and a modal characterisation of "necessardy" type o the "process-object" relationship
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Zsigmond, Papp. "Voltametrijska karakterizacija i određivanje odabranih neonikotinoida primenom različitih elektroda na bazi ugljenika." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Prirodno-matematički fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2011. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=16819&source=NDLTD&language=en.

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U disertaciji je izvr&scaron;ena voltametrijska karakterizacija i određivanje pet&nbsp;neonikotinoidnih insekticida (imidakloprida, tiametoksama, klotianidina, nitenpirama i&nbsp;acetamiprida) na različitim elektrodama na bazi ugljenika, kao &scaron;to su elektroda od&nbsp;ugljenične paste, elektroda od staklastog ugljenika i bizmut-filmom modifikovani&nbsp;staklasti ugljenik. Pored ispitivanja u model-rastvorima, razvijene visokoosetljive&nbsp;diferencijalne pulsne voltametrijskemetode su primenjene za određivanje neonikotinoida&nbsp;u realnim uzorcima. Neonikotinoidi su određivani u uzorcima rečne vode i komercijalnim&nbsp;formulacijama, a praćena je i njihova fotolitička i fotokatalitička razgradnja. Radi&nbsp;potvrđivanja voltametrijskih rezultata, izvedena su komparativna merenja uz primenu&nbsp;tečne hromatografije sa detektorom od niza dioda i infracrvenespektrometrije. Detekcija&nbsp;pojedinih degradacionih proizvoda nastalih u toku ispitivanih fotodegradacionih procesa&nbsp;je praćena tečnohromatografskom metodom sa tandemskom masenospektrometrijskom&nbsp;detekcijom. Proučavana je povr&scaron;inska struktura CR 5 grafitnog praha, elektrode od&nbsp;ugljenične paste na bazi trikrezil-fosfata i elektrode od staklastog ugljenika pomoću&nbsp;skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije.<br>This thesis is concerned with the voltammetric characterization and&nbsp;determination of five neonicotinoid insecticides (imidacloprid, thiamethoxam,&nbsp;clothianidin, nitenpyram and acetamiprid) at different carbon-based electrodes such as&nbsp;carbon paste, glassy carbon and bismuth-film modified glassycarbon. In addition to the&nbsp;investigations in model solutions, the developed highly sensitive differential pulse&nbsp;voltammetric methods were applied for the determination of neonicotinoids in real&nbsp;samples. Neonicotinoids were determined in river water samples, commercial&nbsp;formulations, and their photolytic and photocatalytic degradation was also monitored. To&nbsp;confirm the voltammetric results, comparative measurements were performed by liquid&nbsp;chromatography with diode-array detector and infrared spectrometry. Detection of some&nbsp;degradation products formed during the photodegradation processes was monitored using&nbsp;liquid chromatography with tandem mass-spectrometric detection. The surface structure&nbsp;of CR 5 graphite powder, tricresyl phosphate-based carbon paste electrode and glassy&nbsp;carbon electrode was investigated by scanning electron microscopy.
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Quasnik, Vanessa. "A micro-typological study of Pashai varieties in Afghanistan." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-173541.

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The Hindu Kush region stretches from Afghanistan over Pakistan to North India and is home to what is commonly known as the Dardic languages. The Dardic langagues are a group of Indo-Aryan languages that have in isolation and under contact developed or retained features that can not be found in Indo-Aryan languages outside the region. In the ongoing project ”Language contact and relatedness in the Hindu Kush region” data on over 50 languages has been collected including nine varieties of northwest Indo-Aryan Pashai spoken in west Afghanistan. A cognate analysis and an analysis of phonological, morphological, syntactical and lexical features were conducted. The cognate analysis shows that the Pashai varieties build two clusters, a western group consisting of the three western Pashai varieties and an eastern group consisting of six eastern varieties. The structural analysis shows a more diverse picture with three potential clusters, a group of the two most western varieties, a northeastern group and a central group consisting of one western variety and two southeastern varieties. Some features found to be shared by languages in the region are also found in all Pashai varieties like a subject-object-verb order and postpositions.<br>Hindukushregionen sträcker sig från Afghanistan över Pakistan till norra Indien och hyser de vanligtvis så kallade dardiska språken. De dardiska språken tillhör de indo-ariska språken vilka i isolation och genom kontakt utvecklade eller bevarade drag som inte längre finns i indo-ariska språk utanför regionen. I det pågående projekt “Språkkontakt och språksläktskap i Hindukushregionen” samlades data från mer än 50 språk inklusive nio varietéer av det nordvästra indo-ariska språket Pashai som talas i västra Afghanistan. En kognatanalys och en analys av fonologiska, morfologiska, syntaktiska och lexikala drag genomfördes. Kognatanalysen visar att Pashai varieteterna formar kluster, en västragrupp av de tre västra varieteterna och en östra grupp av de sex östra varieteterna. Struktruanalysen visar en mer skiftande bild av tre potentiella kluster, en grupp av de två mest västra varieteterna, en nordöstra grupp och en centergrupp bestående av en västra varietet och två sydöstra varieteter. Några drag som anses vara delad av språken i regionen kan också konstateras i alla Pashaivarieteter som ensubjekt-objekt-verb följd och postpositioner.
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Lipson, Daniel B. "Tradition. Passio. Poesis. Retreat: Comments around “The Gallery”." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/690.

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Although Andrew Marvell wrote and published relatively little, his poetry collects from the full range of “schools” and idiosyncratic styles present in the seventeenth century: echoes of Herbert, Donne, Milton, Traherne, Herrick, Lovelace, and Jonson, among others, permeate throughout his work. Although much of his imagery seems novel, if not strange, it is clear that Marvell has a deep engagement with several important long-running traditions. His work is conversation with Ovid, Horace, and Theocritus as much as it responds directly to the poets whose lives overlapped with his own. In his engagement with such varied sources, Marvell demonstrates an astounding degree of poetic flexibility. He is a master of imitating voice and style.
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Champagne, Brian Alan. "A metaphoric analysis of the Christian identity rhetoric of Pastor Pete Peters." Scholarly Commons, 1999. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/2623.

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Pastor Pete Peters is a minister in La Porte, Colorado. He operates a small church, an Internet website, a newsletter, and a worldwide cassette tape ministry. He teaches Christian Identity, the belief that the white race is Israel of the Bible. His rhetoric contains open derision of Jews, homosexuals, and racial minorities, although he never openly advocates violence toward any group. After tracing the roots of the Christian Identity movement and reviewing the literature on the movement, this thesis examines Peters' rhetoric at the metaphoric level, analyzing the metaphors in four of Peters' key works for their underlying meaning. Metaphoric criticism as a method of rhetorical analysis is introduced and then applied to the metaphors extracted from America the Conquered, Baal Worship, The Greatest Love Story Never Told, and Whores Galore. These books, all by Peters, employ his metaphor of Jews corrupting the United States government and attempting to destroy white Christians through media, courts, and banking, of which Peters asserts they control. Through extracting and analyzing the metaphors in the four books, it was found that Peters does more than warn against corrupt systems: through metaphor and Biblical parallels, he subversively condones and nearly commands violence against Jews, homosexuals, and the government.
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Geise, Morgan, Heather Green, Olivia Hart, Abbi Leitnaker, and Kerry Proctor-Williams. "The Elicitation Method for Past Tense Verb production in Children with Specific Language Impairment and Typical Language." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2016. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1821.

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Past tense verb production in children with specific language impairment and language-matched children with typical language was compared using language samples and a standardized probe (Rice/Wexler Test of Early Grammatical Impairment). Analyses revealed accuracy and error type differences between elicitation types and groups. Results have important clinical practice implications.
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Mongeon, Caroline. "¿Qué nos dicen las autocorrecciones sobre la aprendibilidad y el desarrollo de la adquisición de las lenguas segundas? : las formas regulares e irregulares del pasado de los verbos del español no nativo." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9360.

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The goal of this thesis is to investigate whether and in which respect self-repairs can provide information on how non-native speakers of Spanish acquire regular and irregular past tense verb forms. According to Pinker and Prince's (1988, 1992) 'Dual Mechanism model' regular and irregular forms are not represented the same way in the speakers' mind: regular forms are computational, i.e. they respond to rule-governed mechanisms (as in look-ed, walk-ed). On the other hand, irregular forms are vocabulary items which are concatenated in the lexicon as one-piece units (as in the case of went, spoke). In this thesis we investigate whether this proposal is also valid in the case of Spanish past tense verb forms. Spanish verbs, unlike English verbs, are highly inflected and irregular forms not only have an irregular stem but they also have person, number, tense and aspect morphemes. By analysing the oral production of Spanish learners with different ages and from different learning environments, we have tried to contribute to the debate around the so-called 'Dual Mechanism' model.
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Mecklenburg-Faenger, Amy L. "Scissors, paste and social change: the rhetoric of scrapbooks of women’s organizations, 1875-1930." The Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1186086630.

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Books on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Māneriwāl, Khāt̤ir. Urdū Pashto lughāt. Qām Qalam, 2018.

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Penzl, Herbert. A reader of Pashto. Ishi Press International, 2009.

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Rahimi, Muhammad Hashim. New English-Pashto dictionary. Institute of Encyclopedia and Dictionaries, Center of Languages and Literature, Afghanistan Academy of Sciences, 1991.

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Chavarría-Aguilar, Oscar Luis. Pashto basic course. UMI Books on Demand, 2002.

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Wardak, Guljān Wror. Puṣhto ṣhūd = Pashto teacher. Pak-German Based University, 1990.

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Khalīl, Ḥanīf. Cultural impact of Pashto on Pakistani languages. National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam Univ., 2007.

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Muqeem, Abdul. Level one Pashto & Dari vocabulary: English-English, English-Pashto, English-Dari usage. Dānish Khprandwiyah Ṭolanah, 2004.

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Wardak, Guljān Wror. Puṣhto ṣhūd =: Pashto teacher. Pak-German Bas-Ed, 1990.

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Khan, Mohammad Abid. The computational morphology and syntax of Pashto language. Pashto Academy, University of Peshawar, 2020.

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Georg, Morgenstierne. New Etymological vocabulary of Pashto. Reichert, 2003.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Khan, Muhammad Ahmad, Faizan Ahmad, Khalil Khan, and Maqbool Khan. "Pashto Language Handwritten Numeral Classification Using Convolutional Neural Networks." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-62881-8_24.

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Payenda, Mohammad Arif, Abdul Razaq Vahidi, Mohammad Ali Hussiny, Andreas Prinz, and Lilja Øvrelid. "PashtoEmo: Enhancing Text-Based Emotion Analysis in the Pashto Language Through Dataset Creation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-70242-6_22.

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MacKenzie, D. N., and Anne Boyle David. "Pashto." In The World's Major Languages. Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315644936-27.

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Shah, Muhammad Ismail, and Ching Y. Suen. "Using Convolutional Neural Network to Handle Word Shape Similarities in Handwritten Cursive Arabic Scripts of Pashto Language." In Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence. Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09037-0_25.

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Doostyar, Niaz M., and B. Sujatha. "Plagiarism Detection for Afghan National Languages (Pashto and Dari)." In Internet of Behaviors (IoB). CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003305170-11.

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Iyeiri, Yoko. "The positioning of adverbial clauses in the Paston letters*." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.148.10iye.

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Calabrese, Andrea. "The irregular forms of the Italian “Passato Remoto”." In Romance Languages and Linguistic Theory. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/rllt.5.02cal.

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Tanabe, Harumi. "Chapter 4: Composite Predicates and Phrasal Verbs inThe Paston Letters." In Studies in Language Companion Series. John Benjamins Publishing Company, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/slcs.47.36tan.

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Gavriilidou, Maria, Maria Giagkou, Dora Loizidou, and Stelios Piperidis. "Language Report Greek." In European Language Equality. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-28819-7_19.

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AbstractTechnological support for Greek, one of Europe’s lesser spoken languages, has progressed in the past decade, while LRTs have both increased in volume and improved in quality and coverage. Despite this progress, when compared to the ‘big languages’, Greek is obviously disadvantaged. Prominent among the challenges is the fact that LT is not included in the language policies or AI strategies of Greece and Cyprus, i. e., the significance of language-centric AI is still not officially recognised. Lack of continuity in research and development funding is an additional factor hampering progress. A Europe-wide coordinated initiative focused on overcoming the differences in language technology readiness for European languages coupled with national targeted actions is considered necessary.
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Beaton, Mhairi C., Hanna Helander, and Pigga Keskitalo. "Education Provision for Indigenous and Minority Heritage Languages Revitalisation: A Study Focusing on Saami and Scottish Gaelic." In Springer Polar Sciences. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-97460-2_5.

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AbstractThis chapter provides a comparative study of education provision for the Indigenous language of Saami and the minority heritage of Scottish Gaelic. Due to historical factors, both languages are considered endangered according to UNESCO listings. Whilst North Saami and Scottish Gaelic receive government support, which would appear to be providing a reasonably stable position at least within their geographically core areas, assimilation continues resulting in the overall numbers of speakers remaining small. As education is viewed as key to the promotion of both languages, following an introduction to the background historical and societal context of both language contexts, the chapter presents educational practices and challenges in education for comparison over the past forty years. The comparative study highlights that similarities between these two languages exist in language revitalisation efforts to reverse language shift but the forms vary. The chapter concludes with some emerging recommendations for the successful maintenance and revitalisation of minority heritage and Indigenous languages in the twenty-first century despite the continued dominance of surrounding majority languages.
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Conference papers on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Srimal, Pankaj Kumar, and Makam Kiran Kumar. "Decoding Human Languages: A Transfer Learning Approach for Language Translation for Low Resources Languages - Nepali, Urdu, Pashto and Punjabi." In 2024 International Conference on Computer, Electronics, Electrical Engineering & their Applications (IC2E3). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/ic2e362166.2024.10827514.

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Gupta, Priyanshu, Shashank Kirtania, Ananya Singha, et al. "MetaReflection: Learning Instructions for Language Agents using Past Reflections." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.477.

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Brzá, Tereza. "Content-Based Language Teaching: Research on Teachers’ Experience: A Literature Review." In Výzkum v didaktice cizích jazyků. Masaryk University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0534-2023-1.

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This review article examines the implementation of Content-Based Language Teaching (CBLT) from the perspective of foreign language teachers, providing an overview of studies conducted over the past two decades in diverse educational settings. Methods and research tools typically utilised in this area of research are outlined, as well as the issues of language-content dichotomy and effective pedagogies.
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Jaroenkantasima, Jillaphat, Prachya Boonkwan, Hutchatai Chanlekha, and Manabu Okumura. "Summarize and Paste: Enhancing Neural Machine Translation via In-Context Learning with Automatic Text Summarization." In 2024 19th International Joint Symposium on Artificial Intelligence and Natural Language Processing (iSAI-NLP). IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/isai-nlp64410.2024.10799374.

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Xia, Runze, Congchi Yin, and Piji Li. "Decoding the Echoes of Vision from fMRI: Memory Disentangling for Past Semantic Information." In Proceedings of the 2024 Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing. Association for Computational Linguistics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.18653/v1/2024.emnlp-main.122.

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Dragićević, Rajna. "Leksika srpskog jezika u XXI veku." In Současná česká a srbská slavistická bádání. Masaryk University Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p280-0684-2024-6.

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This work is dedicated to new words in the Serbian language that were created during the XXI century. In the first part of the paper, theoretical considerations about neologism are presented and the differences between neologisms in the past and today are presented. It is concluded that social changes in the 21st century also led to a change in the nature of new words. In the past, new words were mainly used to name new objects and phenomena, and today new words are most often associated with ideological phenomena. In the second part of the paper, as representative examples of the lexicon created in the 21st century in the Serbian language, we treated the neoderivatives created by adding today's very productive prefixes anti-, de(z)-, pseudo-, para- and quasi-. The first two components as well as the lexemes that are built using them belong to one semantic group, and the remaining three belong to another, but they are connected by high productivity in the modern Serbian language, as well as the meaning of deviation from the expected, demolition or deformation, i. e. twisting established values or dominant points of view on phenomena and processes.
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Saifnijat, Yasin, and Atiqullah Qaderi. "Pashto Isolated Digits Sign Language Recognition." In 2023 14th International Conference on Computing Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icccnt56998.2023.10307024.

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Shokoori, Ahmad Firooz, Masihullah Shinwari, Jalal Ahmad Popal, and Jasraj Meena. "Sign Language Recognition and Translation into Pashto Language Alphabets." In 2022 6th International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmc53470.2022.9753959.

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Ahmad, Riaz, Muhammad Zeshan Afzal, Sheikh Faisal Rashid, Marcus Liwicki, Andreas Dengel, and Thomas Breuel. "Recognizable units in Pashto language for OCR." In 2015 13th International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icdar.2015.7333963.

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Khan, Haris Ali, Muhammad Junaid Ali, and Umm E. Hanni. "Poster: A Novel Approach for POS Tagging of Pashto Language." In 2020 First International Conference of Smart Systems and Emerging Technologies (SMARTTECH). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smart-tech49988.2020.00068.

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Reports on the topic "The Pashto Language"

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Duncan, Seira. ECMI Minorities Blog. Indigenous languages and psychological well-being: Comparing educational, healthcare and employment opportunities in Greenland, Sápmi, and Scotland. European Centre for Minority Issues, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/gvxp1463.

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The past several years have seen increased documentation of the association between indigenous language utilisation and psychological well-being. Scotland is the northernmost non-Arctic country and has been fostering ties with its northern counterparts in recent years; like Greenland and Sápmi, it has indigenous languages. This post compares educational, healthcare, and employment opportunities in these regions and analyses the wider psychological implications of indigenous language utilisation in these sectors. While there appears to be room for improvement in all sectors in the three regions, Greenland, Sápmi, and Scotland will likely benefit from strengthening cross-regional dialogues.
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Newcomer, Joseph M. IDL (Interface Description Language): Past Experience and New Ideas. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada182022.

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Lawrence, Sarah. An Exploration of the Value of Future TESOL Teachers Reflecting on their Pasts as Language Learners. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.6822.

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Hoy, Andreas, Åsa Gerger Swartling, and Elin Leander. Adopting a user-oriented approach to make climate information more accessible across Europe. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.009.

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Research from the ClimVis Europe project shows that climate information must be presented in more effective ways to reduce climate risks and support adaptation. Users need information that is easy to access, in their own language, and designed to help them make connections between real-time weather events and long-term climate developments. Users of weather and climate data in Europe are aware of only a few (if any) relevant, available tools that provide them with the insights into current, future and long-term meteorological trends that they seek. However, efforts to boost awareness of available tools, while important, will not be enough to meet user demands. Providers of climate information need to consult with stakeholders to co-develop new tools to meet needs and support the uptake of information. Existing European tools have two key shortcomings: limited language and insufficient context. The provision of climate information exclusively in English excludes many users (especially at local and regional levels and in Eastern Europe and Russia). Tools do not link real-time extreme weather with long-term past or future climate trends; such connections are essential to assess climate change-related impacts and adaptation needs. We interpret the results as a call to action, to enhance related communication that is fundamental to the need to reduce climate risks and support adaptation.
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Tare, Medha, Susanne Nobles, and Wendy Xiao. Partnerships that Work: Tapping Research to Address Learner Variability in Young Readers. Digital Promise, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/67.

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Over the past several decades, the student population in the United States has grown more diverse by factors including race, socioeconomic status, primary language spoken at home, and learning differences. At the same time, learning sciences research has advanced our understanding of learner variability and the importance of grounding educational practice and policy in the individual, rather than the fiction of an average student. To address this gap, LVP distills existing research on cognitive, social and emotional, content area, and background Learner Factors that affect learning in various domains, such as reading and math. In conjunction with the development process, LPS researchers worked with ReadWorks to design studies to assess the impact of the newly implemented features on learner outcomes.
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Lyzanchuk, Vasyl. THE CHARITABLE ENERGY OF THE JOURNALISTIC WORD. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2022.51.11415.

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The article investigates the immortality of books, collections, including those, translated into foreign languages, composed of the publications of publications of worldview journalism. It deals with top analytics on simulated training of journalists, the study of events and phenomena at the macro level, which enables the qualitative forecast of world development trends in the appropriate contexts for a long time. Key words: top, analytics, book, worldview journalism, culture, arguments, forecast.The article is characterized intellectual-spiritual, moral-aesthetic and information-educational values of of scientific and journalistic works of Professor Mykola Hryhorchuk “Where are you going, Ukraine?” and “Freedom at the Barricades”. Mykola Ivanovych’s creative informational and educational communication are reviews, reviews, reviews and current works of writers, poets, publicists. Such as Maria Matios, Vira Vovk, Roman Ivanychuk, Dmytro Pavlychko, Yuriy Shcherban, Bohdan Korsak, Hryhoriy Huseynov, Vasyl Ruban, Yaroslav Melnyk, Sofia Andrukhovych. His journalistic reflections are about memorable events of the recent past for Ukrainians and historical figures are connected with them. It is emphasized that in his books Mykola Hryhorchuk convincingly illuminates the way to develop a stable Ukrainian immunity, national identity, development and strengthening of the conciliar independent state in the fight against the eternal Moscow enemy. Among the defining ideological and political realization of the National Idea of Ukrainian statehood, which are mentioned in the scientific and journalistic works of M. Hryhorchuk, the fundamental ones – linguistic and religious – are singled out. Israel and Poland are a clear example for Ukrainians. In these states, language and religion were absolutized and it is thanks to this understanding of the essence of state-building and national identity that it is contrary to many difficulties achieve the desired life-affirming goal. The author emphasizes that any information in the broadest and narrow sense can be perceived without testing for compliance with the moral and spiritual mission of man, the fundamental values of the Ukrainian ethnic group, putting moral and spiritual values in the basis of state building. The outstanding Ukrainian philosopher Hryhoriy Skovoroda emphasized: “Faith is the light that sees in the darkness…” Books by physicist Mykola Hryhorchuk “Where are you going, Ukraine?” and “Freedom at the Barricades” are illuminated by faith in the Victory over the bloody centuries-old Moscow darkness.
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Klengel, Susanne. Pandemic Avant-Garde Urban Coexistence in Mário de Andrade’s Pauliceia Desvairada (1922) after the Spanish Flu. Maria Sibylla Merian Centre Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/klengel.2020.30.

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The radical aesthetic of the historical avant-garde movements has often been explained as a reaction to the catastrophic experience of the First World War and a denouncement of the bourgeoisie’s responsibility for its horrors. This article explores a blind spot in these familiar interpretations of the international avant-garde. Not only the violence of the World War but also the experience of a worldwide deadly pandemic, the Spanish flu, have moulded the literary and artistic production of the 1920s. In this paper, I explore this hypothesis through the example of Mário de Andrade’s famous book of poetry Pauliceia desvairada (1922), which I reinterpret in the light of historical studies on the Spanish flu in São Paulo. An in-depth examination of all parts of this important early opus of the Brazilian Modernism shows that Mário de Andrade’s poetic images of urban coexistence simultaneously aim at a radical renewal of language and at a melancholic coming to terms with a traumatic pandemic past.
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Wallace, Ina F. Universal Screening of Young Children for Developmental Disorders: Unpacking the Controversies. RTI Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2018.op.0048.1802.

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In the past decade, American and Canadian pediatric societies have recommended that pediatric care clinicians follow a schedule of routine surveillance and screening for young children to detect conditions such as developmental delay, speech and language delays and disorders, and autism spectrum disorder. The goal of these recommendations is to ensure that children with these developmental issues receive appropriate referrals for evaluation and intervention. However, in 2015 and 2016, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and the Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care issued recommendations that did not support universal screening for these conditions. This occasional paper is designed to help make sense of the discrepancy between Task Force recommendations and those of the pediatric community in light of research and practice. To clarify the issues, this paper reviews the distinction between screening and surveillance; the benefits of screening and early identification; how the USPSTF makes its recommendations; and what the implications of not supporting screening are for research, clinical practice, and families.
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Karki, Shanta. Applying the River of Life Method to Support Reflection and Learning in Terre des hommes Nepal. Institute of Development Studies, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/clarissa.2023.005.

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The RoL method is a visual narrative method that helps people tell stories of the past, present, and future. Individuals can use this method to introduce themselves in a fun and descriptive way. A group can use it to understand and reflect on the past and imagine the future of a project. Besides, it can also be used to build a shared view of a process over time while acknowledging different and perhaps contradictory perspectives. The method uses drawings rather than text, making it useful in groups that do not share a common language. Metaphors from a river are used to explore aspects of a story – such as whirlpools depicting challenges or lakes suggesting a sense of calm etc. When used in a group, it is an active method, engaging people in the process of storytelling and listening through visualising their experiences and using metaphors to explore in depth. In CLARISSA, we adapted the RoL method to document our collective understanding of the story of implementation of the programme as part of the programme’s monitoring, evaluation and learning component. The purpose was to surface the details of our process of the systemic Action Research that we are undertaking with children in the worst forms of child labour and business owners. We used the same river metaphors as is often applied when the method is used with individuals.
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Lyzanchuk, Vasyl. STUDENTS EVALUATE THE TEACHING OF THE ACADEMIC SUBJECT. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2024.54-55.12159.

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The article reveals and characterizes the methodological features of teaching the discipline «Intellectual and Psychological Foundations of Mass Media Functioning» on the third year of the Faculty of Journalism at Ivan Franko National University of Lviv. The focus is on the principles, functions, and standards of journalistic creativity during the full-scale war of the Russian Federation against Ukraine. As the Russian genocidal, terrorist, and ecocidal war has posed acute challenges to the education and upbringing of student youth. A young person is called not only to acquire knowledge but to receive them simultaneously with comprehensive national, civic, and moral-spiritual upbringing. Teaching and educating students, the future journalists, on Ukrainian-centric, nation-building principles ensure a sense of unity between current socio-political processes and historical past, and open an intellectual window to Ukraine’s future. The teaching of the course ‘Intellectual-Psychological Foundations of Mass Media Functioning’ (lectures and practical classes, creative written assignments) is grounded in the philosophy of national education and upbringing, aimed at shaping a citizen-patriot and a knight, as only such a citizen is capable of selfless service to their own people, heroic struggle for freedom, and the united Ukrainian national state. The article presents student creative works, the aim of which is to develop historical national memory in students, promote the ideals of spiritual unity and integrity of Ukrainian identity, nurture the life-sustaining values of the Ukrainian language and culture, perpetuate the symbols of statehood, and strengthen the moral dignity and greatness of Ukrainian heroism. A methodology for assessing students’ pedagogical-professional competence and the fairness of teachers who deliver lectures and conduct practical classes has been summarized. The survey questions allow students to express their attitudes towards the content, methods, and forms of the educational process, which involves the application of experience from European and American countries, but the main emphasis is on the application of Ukrainian ethnopedagogy. Its defining ideas are democracy, populism, and patriotism, enriched with a distinct nation-building potential, which instills among students a unique culture of genuine Ukrainian history, the Ukrainian language and literature, national culture, and high journalistic professionalism. Key words: educator, student, journalism, education, patriotism, competence, national consciousness, Russian-Ukrainian war, professionalism.
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