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1

Andersson, Petter. "Language attitudes in the People’s Republic of China’s leading English-language newspaper, China Daily." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of English, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-7329.

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Since time immemorial, various governments in China have attempted to promulgate writing reforms and speech reforms in order to unite the nation, mostly for political gain. The aim of this paper is to discover and analyze some language issues in the People’s Republic of China, specifically attitudes and comments on spoken usage of Putonghua (also called Modern Standard Chinese), Shanghai dialect, Cantonese and English by researching China Daily’s online newspaper article archive. A few valid articles could be retrieved and they uncovered that Putonghua, Shanghai dialect and Cantonese are all considered prestigious in different regions of the country; furthermore, English is gaining support rapidly, especially in corporate China.

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2

Xue, Weiwei. "A Comparative Analysis of Sina Weibo and the People’s Daily in the Coverage of Social Emergencies in China." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185082.

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3

Lu, Linqi. "Framing Genetically-modified Foods Communication in China: A Content Analysis of News Coverage of People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7054.

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Grounded in framing theory, this thesis presents a qualitative content analysis of newspaper coverage of genetically modified foods by two Chinese newspapers- People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis, in 2000-2017. The political, economic, public opinion and legal implications involved have made the reports of genetically modified (GM) foods present different framing, themes, and positions between People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis. This study aims to examine the various frames used in the coverage of GM foods in two major Chinese newspapers that operate within different media frameworks. Results of the content analysis illustrated that significant differences existed in the newspapers in their framing of GM foods, the themes of GM foods, the positions, news source, and media attributes. While the frames used by People’s Daily and Southern Metropolis were similar in the emphasis on the importance of “Supervision to GM product”, “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”, and “International perspective”, Southern Metropolis presented a significance of pluralistic standpoint than People’s Daily whose attitude was likely to neutral and pro-GMO. People’s Daily preferred to use the frames of “Advanced Technology”, “International Perspective” or “Economic Consequences”, whereas Southern Metropolis preferred to produce the framed stories of “Worries & Potential Risk/Safety”.
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4

Kursinskis, Jacob Andrew. "How News Media Influences Readers’ Attitudes Toward the United States: A case study of Global Times and People’s Daily reporting." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu153210474686963.

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5

Deigård, Andreas. "Sweden through China's Migration Lenses : A Content Analysis of the People’s Daily’s News Reports on Sweden in Migration Contexts." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för lingvistik och filologi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-294359.

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This is a content analysis of the Chinese news paper People’s Daily (Renmin Ribao 人民日报). It examines articles published by the People’s Daily reporting about Sweden in migration contexts between January 1980 and September 2015. The purpose of the project is to investigate changes over time when it comes to agenda-setting, together with which other countries Sweden is mentioned and framing used in the articles. The topics of the articles are listed and a deductive frame analysis is carried out, showing clear signs of changes over time. The data shows that there has been a shift from reporting on international disputes to reporting on Europe’s migration issues. From investigating with which other countries Sweden is mentioned, a conclusion can be drawn that Sweden is portrayed as a country that collaborates with the other European countries to a great extent. The data also shows that there is a low usage of the conflict frame, but a high usage the responsibility- and ­morality frames in the People’s Daily which is evidence of letting the ideology of the authors shine through. The People’s Daily shows signs of political correctness by shifting from a high usage of episodic framing to thematic framing.
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Engdahl, Lin. "Medborgare, sträck ut din arm : Bloddonation och blodhandel i Folkets Dagblad 1985-1998." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för kinesiska, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91082.

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The purpose of this BA-study is to analyse articles about blood selling and blood donations in the Chinese daily newspaper People’s Daily between 1985 and 1998. With publications of popular scientific material, reports from rallies and portraits of blood donating “heroes” etc., the People’s Daily, i.e. the Chinese Com­mu­nist Party, actively addresses the underlying cultural reluctance to give blood by different means. People’s Daily and the CCP resolutely aims to transform negative Confucian and other traditional notions of losing blood into represen­tations of courage, honour, duty, etc. In a broader sense, the citizen’s donations become acts correlated to the social body and the nation’s future.
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7

Choi, Sin Kuan. "Framing Article 23 : contrasts in Narratives of the Wen Wei Po, Apple Daily, Macao Daily News and People's Daily (2000-2009)." Thesis, University of Macau, 2010. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2162011.

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8

Tellez, Sanchez Oscar Augusto. "Optimizing the daily transport for people with disabilities." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEI059.

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En France, le coût du transport médico-social est estimé à 500 millions en 2018 avec une augmentation de 40% entre 2006 et 2014. Pour un établissement médico-social (ESMS), ce coût représente souvent la deuxième dépense en importance après celle du personnel. Dans ce contexte, cette thèse appartenant au projet «Numérique et Optimisation pour une Mobilité Adaptée» (NOMAd) vise à améliorer le transport quotidien des personnes handicapées entre leur domicile et les ESMS. Pour cela, nous proposons la mutualisation du transport entre plusieurs ESMS ainsi qu’une stratégie d'optimisation globale de la planification annuelle de transport. La construction de la planification annuelle des transports est un problème complexe encore non complètement résolu dans la littérature scientifique. Conformément à la pratique actuelle, nous supposons que le plan de transport annuel est composé d’horaires hebdomadaires identiques divisés en demi-journées. Le problème d’optimisation sur une demi-journée, appelé “fleet size and mix dial-a-ride problem” considère plusieurs types de passagers et un parc hétérogène de véhicules reconfigurables qui peuvent être modifiés en route. La matheuristique LNS-RSCP est développée pour ce problème. L’optimisation du problème hebdomadaire, nommé time-consistent DARP, comprend simultanément des exigences de régularité de service et des objectifs de coût de transport. La matheuristique MSPP est développée pour ce problème. Actuellement, la gestion du transport est principalement réalisée intra-établissements, sans mutualisation. La mutualisation du transport, en plus de l’augmentation de la complexité du problème, suppose d’avoir un intérêt économique et un mécanisme commun de gestion et communication efficace entre les parties. Au niveau stratégique cette étude vise à évaluer l’impact de la mutualisation sur les coûts et temps de trajet. Opérationnellement, ce problème correspond au problème de clustering pour la résolution des problèmes de grande taille
In most of the developed countries, transport for people with disabilities (PWD) is subsidized with public funds. In France, the number of transported people increased by 18% from 2006 to 2008. In 2017, the cost of this transport was around 500 M€ representing 10% of the total medical transportation cost. Between 2006 and 2014, this cost has increased by 40%. For Medico-Social Institutions (MSI), transport costs often represent the second-largest expense after that of the staff. This thesis is part of the project "Numérique et Optimisation pour une Mobilité Adaptée" (NOMAd). This project aims to improve the daily transport service for people with disabilities between their homes and MSIs. To this end, we suggest the transport pooling between several MSIs on one side and a global optimization strategy for building the annual transport planning on the other side. Following the current practice, we can assume that the annual transport plan is composed of a pattern of identical weekly schedules. To solve the weekly problem, we first work on the planning of the half-day transport problem. This problem is called the fleet size and mix dial-a-ride problem. In this new variant of the dial-a-ride problem, en-route modifications of the vehicle's inner configuration are allowed. Vehicle reconfiguration is a lever to efficiently reduce transport costs, but the number of passengers and vehicle fleet setting make this problem intractable for exact solution methods. A large neighborhood search matheuristic combined with a set covering component and a reactive mechanism to automatically adjust its parameters is proposed. The simple juxtaposition of half-day transport schedules give cost-efficient transport planning but a very inconsistent service time for passengers. This situation is uncomfortable for PWD and even unacceptable for some people with mental disabilities. Time consistency together with traditional route planning defines a new variant of the multi-period dial-a-ride problem that we denote the time-consistent DARP. This problem is modeled as a route based mathematical program with two objectives: the transport cost and the service time consistency. The problem is solved with a matheuristic framework based on a master set partitioning problem and routes generated from a large neighborhood search procedure. The transport pooling between MSIs is both a research challenge and a managerial challenge. Currently, transport management is mainly carried out independently in each MSI. The pooling of transport increases the size of the problem and therefore its complexity. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of transport pooling on the costs and the riding time of the users. The solving approach is clustering first route second. A comparison is made between a scenario without transport pooling and other scenarios allowing transport pooling shows that up to 30% of transport costs can be saved
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McGinley, Susan. "Daily Stress in Midlife: Charting the Ebb and Flow of People's Lives." College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622310.

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Yang, Zheng. "Framing analysis of China's COVID-19 pandemic coverage by the BBC and the People's Daily." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-421726.

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11

Lenander, Elin, and Sofia Öhman. "Ska medierna stödja eller granska makten? : En jämförelse av kinesisk och svensk nyhetsrapportering om det senaste kinesiska ledarskiftet." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134952.

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Den politiska rapporteringen i Kinas näst största nyhetstidning People’s Daily består enligt resultaten i vår studie nästan uteslutande av det styrande kommunistpartiets helt okritiskt vidarebefordrade propaganda. Journalisterna som skriver för Dagens Nyheter har däremot ett mycket lågt förtroende för den kinesiska regimen som de inte drar sig för att kritisera hårt. Vi fann det intressant att jämföra nyhetsdiskurser i svenska och kinesiska tidningar eftersom mediesystem till synes inte har något alls gemensamt. Vi ville ta reda på vilka eventuella skillnader som fanns i rapporteringen om den kinesiska regimen och vilka de bakomliggande orsakerna i så fall kunde tänkas vara. Artiklar som handlade om de senaste politiska ledarskiftena som publicerats i Dagens Nyheter och People’s Daily valdes därför som material till en kvalitativ analys. Den tidigare forskningen och det teoretiska ramverket som vi använde som stöd till våra reflektioner handlade både om hur ländernas mediesystem fungerar i allmänhet och om hur nyhetsvärderingen ser ut så att vi även skulle kunna analysera artiklarna på detaljnivå. Dagens Nyheter förmedlar alltså en negativ bild av den kinesiska regimen, medan dessa istället glorifieras i People’s Dailys redaktionella material. Det beror antagligen till stor del på att skillnaderna mellan de dominanta politiska ideologierna i länderna i allmänhet och i synnerhet gällande nyhetsmediernas funktioner är markanta. Pressfrihet kännetecknar de svenska medierna, medan de kinesiska motsvarigheterna istället fungerar som kommunistpartiets språkrör. Tidningarna anses från båda perspektiven stå i medborgarnas tjänst eftersom de på sina helt olika vis ska verka för att förbättra samhället.
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McCarthy, Michael R. "Romano-British People and the Language of Sociology." Wiley, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4022.

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Despite the vast amount of work and the huge database for Roman Britain, the people of the province remain very difficult to discern. There are many reasons for this, but one is that we have not yet learned to look behind the disjecta membra of archaeology in order to understand the structure and nature of society, and how the Roman Conquest may have impacted upon it. The language of sociology offers scope for thought, especially when combined with examples drawn from historically documented societies in later periods. Whilst models drawn from the classical world are important, attention also needs to be focused on the local, and on the factors that determined the shape of people's lives and influenced their daily activities. Not all these are archaeologically detectable; nevertheless an appreciation of their existence is an important pre-requisite in attempting explanations of patterns in the data.
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13

Aubin, Ginette. "Daily activities in people with schizophrenia : relationships with cognition and community functioning." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115848.

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While most people with schizophrenia face the functional consequences of a lifelong disorder, very few studies have investigated the specific domain of daily living activities performance. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationships between daily activity performance, cognitive deficits, and community functioning in people with schizophrenia. More specifically, the objectives were: 1) to describe functional limitations during daily task performance, 2) to explore the existence of subgroups of participants with similar functional limitations profiles, 3) to explore the relationships between daily task performance and cognitive functions as well as 4) with community functioning. This thesis tested the hypothesis that limitations in task performance negatively influence community functioning.
A sample of 82 individuals with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls participated in this study and were assessed during a meal preparation task with the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis and on cognitive tests of visuospatial memory, spatial working memory, visuomotor coordination, planning and selective attention. Community functioning was assessed with the Independent living Skills Survey and the Multnomah Community Ability Scale. Limitations in the Perceive, Recall and Plan quadrants of the PRPP System, were found in participants with schizophrenia when compared to a control group (n = 28), as well as in the complete sample (n = 82). Participants in the high-efficiency subgroup ( n =36) were more independent in daily living and performed better on the visuospatial associative learning task than the low-efficiency subgroup (n = 46). At the specific level of individual profiles, participants were distributed along a continuum of low- to high-functioning on the PRPP System factors and on functional, cognitive, and clinical characteristics.
The associative learning task was most associated with task performance, along with working memory and planning. Finally, less efficient planning skills were associated with a lower level of community functioning, confirming the hypothesis. These results emphasize the relationship of associative visual memory to daily task performance, as well as that of efficiency in daily activities for residential status. Integrating these findings into the rehabilitation process will contribute to better meeting the needs of people with schizophrenia.
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Zhu, Jun Chao. "The evolution of official media reports on video games :a case study of the People's Daily." Thesis, University of Macau, 2018. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b3953768.

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Jackson, Lauren Innes. "Depression, Activities of Daily Living, and Retirement." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5220/.

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Depression is a common clinical and subclinical psychiatric disorder in the middle-age to older adult population. This study examined the relationship between depression and activities of daily living (ADLs) in middle-age to older adults. This study examined longitudinal data from the 1998, wave 4, and 2000, wave 5, of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS), a National Panel Study sponsored by the National Institute on Aging. A negative cross-sectional and longitudinal relationship between higher ADL scores and depression was hypothesized. A goal of the present study was to determine the temporal precedence of these two constructs using a cross-lag panel design to first examine the cross-sectional relationship between ADLs and depression at time-one and at time-two, and then the time-one to time-two longitudinal relationships to examine temporal precedence possible causal relationships. Finally, differences in these correlational relationships by retirement status and then by marital status were tested. There were several interesting findings, including those who were retired in both 1998 and 2000 reported fewer ADLs (i.e., worse functioning), but also reported better health than those who were working in both 1998 and 2000. Similarly, those people who were not married in both 1998 and 2000 reported fewer ADLs but better health than those who were married in both 1998 and 2000. Married individuals reported fewer depressive symptoms than those who were not married.
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Robinson, Philip. "Young homeless people : the importance of informal support networks in their daily lives." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.432351.

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Wang, Sidan. "Dynamic constructed climate change discourses and discourse networks across newspapers in China around three critical policy moments : a comparative study of 'People's Daily', 'China Daily', and 'Southern Weekend'." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/33375.

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With the rapid growth of economy and carbon emissions, China has been seen as having a key role in addressing climate change and receives substantial attention from the media. In the Chinese coverage, climate change issues can be interpreted as various concerns and ideas involving the dimensions of the economy, energy and emissions, public involvement, science and ecology, and responsibility. In this sense, a discourse approach can be used to understand how the newspapers construct the climate change discourse and discourse networks in the coverage. This study selects three different newspapers in China, namely People’s Daily, China Daily and Southern Weekend. Also, it identifies three critical policy moments for observing changes in climate change discourses of China, namely the release of China’s National Climate Change Programme on 4th June, 2007, the announcement of China’s positions on the Copenhagen Climate Change Conference on 26th November, 2009 and the submission of China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDCs) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) on 30th June, 2015. This PhD thesis makes a primary contribution to academic studies through the application of an interpretivist discourse network approach to understanding the constructed climate change discourses in the newspapers in China. This approach employs storylines, actors and discourse network to analyse the constructed discourses. Actors are seen as news sources cited in the newspapers, and storylines refer to various statements concerning the issues identified in the coverage. Also, it contributes to existing knowledge of climate change politics and coverage of China, dynamic environmental discourses and social constructionist approach. This thesis identifies three dominant discourses constructed in the climate coverage, namely development, ecological modernisation and low carbon, which have been rising and falling in their prominence in different ways across the newspapers in China.
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Shek, Wai-keung. "Using technology to support development of daily arithmetic skills to students with mental retardation." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972147.

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Mosborg, Susan. "Bridging past and present : how young people use history in reading the daily news /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/7748.

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Qian, Yufang. "Discursive Constructions and Terrorism in The Peopl's Daily and The Sun before and after 9.11." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.531705.

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Galt, Cynthia P. "Impact of Stress Inoculation on Performance Efficacy Linked to Instrumental Activities of Daily Living." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278069/.

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Utilizing a sample of community-residing older adults, this pretest-posttest design evaluated the short term (approximately 1 week) impact on everyday functioning of Stress Inoculation (SI) training, a cognitive-behavioral intervention that is essentially a coping skills enhancement program. The targets of training were anxiety and concern about being able to successfully perform everyday living tasks. The training program was contrasted with a no contact (waiting list) control. In an effort to maximize the practical aspects of this study, the assessment battery included the use of two ecologically valid measures of everyday problem solving skills (one self-rated and one interviewer-rated). Also included were a measure of everyday intelligence widely used in gerontological research, two measures of self-efficacy, a geriatric depression scale, a state-trait anxiety scale, and a self-report measure of failures in perception, memory, and motor function. The results suggest that Stress Inoculation training is an effective intervention for improving everyday competence but that personal perceptions of self-efficacy and the emotional states of anxiety and depression mediate treatment effects. In general, only persons with lower levels of self-efficacy and higher levels of anxiety and/or depression saw improvement in their cognitive performance following SI training.
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Rancourt, Wendy. "The Relationship between Flexibility and Activities of Daily Living in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 65 and Older." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2009. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/RancourtW2009.pdf.

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Steele, Jenessa C. "Intraindividual variability and relations between daily affect and physical activity among community-dwelling older women." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2004. https://etd.wvu.edu/etd/controller.jsp?moduleName=documentdata&jsp%5FetdId=3780.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2004.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xii, 334 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 80-90).
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Shires, Gina. "Freedom of action : significant factors for disabled people." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/27130.

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The overall purpose of the study was the identification of factors which influence the freedom of physically disabled people, within South African society, to make choices that will enable them to conduct their daily lives independently. Qualitative research methods (observation and semi-structured interviews) were utilised to explore the problem from the disabled person's perspective. In total there were ten participants, sampling being purposive and opportunistic. The study was essentially narrative, with the results analysed and grouped thematically. Factors influencing independence related to the individual's functioning, as well as the social environment and the study's setting in Mitchells Plain, Cape Town. The relative strength of each factor varied at any one time for a given subject, and between the respondents. Overall there was strong agreement amongst participants and with the literature. Recommendations made related to future research, student training and occupational therapy practise.
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Al-kassab, Córdova Ali, Paula Gamero, Camila Pena-Rojas, Guerra Carolina Isabel Méndez, and Camila Pena-Rojas. "Daily cigarette consumption in young people from the juvenile detention center before their internment in 2016." Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/657308.

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En este trabajo se evaluaran las relaciones entre el consumo de tabaco y otros factores socioculturales presentes en jóvenes internados en centros de diagnóstico y rehabilitación. Los datos cualitativos recolectados en el censo del año 2016, a través de series de preguntas relacionadas al consumo y estilo de vida, serán cuantificados comparados a través de diferentes metodologías. Factores como: sexo, edad, abuso físico en la niñez, episodios de ansiedad, consumo de otras drogas, historia familiar de consumo de tabaco, etc. serán analizados. Como se describirá próximamente, según la OMS, el consumo de Tabaco es considerado como una enfermedad crónica, y se asocia a múltiples problemas de salud no solo en el consumidor, sino también en los fumadores pasivos. El componente mas importante es la nicotina, ya que es la que genera adicción y por lo tanto dependencia de los cigarrillos. La nicotina es un alcaloide encontrado en la planta del tabaco. Es difícil encontrar algún país en el cual disminuir el consumo no sea una prioridad, por lo que sorprende seguir viendo cifras tan altas de consumo a pesar de la gran cantidad de leyes, impuestos y propaganda que pretenden luchar en contra de este habito nocivo. En este estudio transversal, se evalúa como el ambiente sociocultural afecta los valores de consumo en estos jóvenes. Para el propósito de este ensayo, el ambiente sociocultural considera factores como: la familia, el nivel de educación, ambiente físico, cultura y las instituciones con las cuales el individuo interactúa.
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Zhang, Xiaoling. "NEWS FRAMING: A COMPARISON OF THE NEW YORK TIMES AND THE PEOPLE'S DAILY COVERAGE OF SINO-U.S. SPY PLANE COLLISION OF APRIL 1, 20." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/2166.

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On April 21, 2001, the United States and China faced their first major incident of the 21st century when a U.S. spy plane accidentally collided with a Chinese fighter plane. The dialogue that followed between the two countries, as well as the tenor of the incident as reported in the international press, provide some interesting and insightful glimpses into how these major powers handled the incident in the days and weeks that followed. Although the mainstream media in both China and the United States reported the key facts and elements of the incident in a similar fashion, the spin that was ultimately placed on the event by the Chinese press was clearly indicative of the Asian state's desire to portray the United States as being at fault; however, because both countries have an enormous stake in ensuring continued friendly relations for trade purposes, the Chinese press eventually adopted an official position that would allow the United States to "save face" while ensuring that the killed Chinese pilot involved was lauded as a fearless hero of the state and a martyr to its cause. To determine how these events played out in the respective mainstream media of China and the United States, as well as the international media, this research provides a review of the relevant literature to identify how the spy plane collision was portrayed, what elements are regarded as important for analysis. This study compares the two accounts from China and the U.S., and to a lesser extent, the international media, by grouping the media accounts into three separate dimensions: 1) visual framing, 2) contextual framing and 3) operational framing, to determine how these factors played out in the spy plane incident. The analysis of the media accounts is followed by a summary of the research in the concluding paragraph.
M.A.
Office of Liberal and Interdisciplinary Studies
Arts and Sciences
Liberal Studies
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Kilford, Sylwia. "The 'People's Daily' and China's Japan policy : a study of media discourse and China's foreign policy decision-making, 1949-2005." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/17896/.

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This dissertation investigates the importance of discourse in the formation and effectiveness of foreign policy decisions in China. Building on the growing trend in Sino-Japanese research, and international relations research, which acknowledges the impact of domestic factors, such as public opinion and the media on political decision-making, this study argues that the way an object exists in the dominant discourse affects the way it can be treated by politicians. Focusing on the points in modern Chinese history, during which the Chinese government desired to implement a policy or campaign regarding Japan which appeared to contradict the prevailing way in which Japan was represented in the People’s Daily – for example a policy which was anti-Japanese in character when the discourse was Japan friendly – this study examines how the discourse affected the government’s desire to implement such a policy, and the policy itself. With the help of qualitative research software, NVivo, and Critical Discourse Analysis, Qualitative Content Analysis and historical analysis, data pooled from People’s Daily articles throughout the years 1949-2005, as well as policy documents are analysed, to answer the central research question: does the discourse in the People’s Daily have an effect upon the Chinese government’s practice of foreign policy? As it goes through the history of modern China comparing foreign policy decisions to the discursive environment in which they were made, this dissertation highlights the importance of qualitative, longitudinal research in the study of media effects, and aims to contribute with this not just to Sino-Japanese relations research, but also to the study of media effects in general, and international relations.
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Poon, Ting-chi Sharon. "Impact of fear of falling on mood, quality of life and activities of daily living in community dwelling Chinese elderly people." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41005399.

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Yeh, Hui-Ching (Anita). "Elderly people's use of and attitudes towards assistive devices." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2009. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/30320/1/Hui-Ching_Yeh_Thesis.pdf.

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People in developed countries are living longer with the help of medical advances. Literature has shown that older people prefer to stay independent and live at home for as long as possible. Therefore, it is important to find out how to best accommodate and assist them in maintaining quality of life and independence as well as easing human resources. Researchers have claimed that assistive devices assist in older people’s independence, however, only a small number of studies regarding the efficiency of assistive devices have been undertaken of which several have stated that devices are not being used. The overall aim of this research was to identify whether the disuse and ineffectiveness of assistive devices are related to change in abilities or related to the design of the devices. The objective was to gather information from the elderly; to identify what assistive devices are being used or not used and to gain an understanding on their attitudes towards assistive devices. Research was conducted in two phases. The initial phase of the research was conducted with the distribution of questionnaires to people over the age of fifty that asked general questions and specific questions on type of devices being used. Phase One was followed on by Phase Two, where participants from Phase One who had come in contact with assistive devices were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Questions were put forth to the interviewee on their use of and attitudes towards assistive devices. Findings indicated that the reasons for the disuse in assistive devices were mostly design related; bulkiness, reliability, performance of the device, difficulty of use. The other main reason for disuse was socially related; elderly people preferred to undertake activities on their own and only use a device as a precaution or when absolutely necessary. They would prefer not having to rely on the devices. Living situation and difference in gender did not affect the preference for the use of assistive devices over personal assistance. The majority strongly supported the idea of remaining independent for as long as possible. In conclusion, this study proposes that through these findings, product designers will have a better understanding of the requirements of an elderly user. This will enable the designers to produce assistive devices that are more practical, personalised, reliable, easy to use and tie in with the older people’s environments. Additional research with different variables is recommended to further justify these findings.
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30

Yeh, Hui-Ching (Anita). "Elderly people's use of and attitudes towards assistive devices." Queensland University of Technology, 2009. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/30320/.

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People in developed countries are living longer with the help of medical advances. Literature has shown that older people prefer to stay independent and live at home for as long as possible. Therefore, it is important to find out how to best accommodate and assist them in maintaining quality of life and independence as well as easing human resources. Researchers have claimed that assistive devices assist in older people’s independence, however, only a small number of studies regarding the efficiency of assistive devices have been undertaken of which several have stated that devices are not being used. The overall aim of this research was to identify whether the disuse and ineffectiveness of assistive devices are related to change in abilities or related to the design of the devices. The objective was to gather information from the elderly; to identify what assistive devices are being used or not used and to gain an understanding on their attitudes towards assistive devices. Research was conducted in two phases. The initial phase of the research was conducted with the distribution of questionnaires to people over the age of fifty that asked general questions and specific questions on type of devices being used. Phase One was followed on by Phase Two, where participants from Phase One who had come in contact with assistive devices were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. Questions were put forth to the interviewee on their use of and attitudes towards assistive devices. Findings indicated that the reasons for the disuse in assistive devices were mostly design related; bulkiness, reliability, performance of the device, difficulty of use. The other main reason for disuse was socially related; elderly people preferred to undertake activities on their own and only use a device as a precaution or when absolutely necessary. They would prefer not having to rely on the devices. Living situation and difference in gender did not affect the preference for the use of assistive devices over personal assistance. The majority strongly supported the idea of remaining independent for as long as possible. In conclusion, this study proposes that through these findings, product designers will have a better understanding of the requirements of an elderly user. This will enable the designers to produce assistive devices that are more practical, personalised, reliable, easy to use and tie in with the older people’s environments. Additional research with different variables is recommended to further justify these findings.
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31

Shek, Wai-keung, and 石偉強. "Using technology to support development of daily arithmetic skills to students with mental retardation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31972147.

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32

Kessinger, Richard III. "The Solipsism of Daily Experience and the Unequal Body: The Social Construction of Ableness." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2008. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/844.

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This is a theoretical and exploratory study of the social construction of the lived experience I am calling "ableness."  Through the repetition of behaviors and practices performed by able-bodied people, the representation of the able body has come to appear natural and unconsciously taken for granted, as they do not have to think about their bodies in interaction with everyday objects. I argue that this able-bodied solipsism is heightened in advanced industrial societies where discourses and practices created by Human-Factors Engineering compile knowledge based on the assumption that the able body is the norm. This knowledge is then employed in the fabrication of everyday items. Through an examination of theoretical perspectives on impaired bodies, a history of human-factors engineering, and an ethnography of how able bodies interact with their everyday surroundings, I intend to uncover the assumptions underlying the social construction of "ableness" and able-bodied solipsism.
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33

Meraj, Uzma. "Role of daily life stress in mediating anxiety and delusions of grandeur in people with asperger syndrome." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496387.

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34

ROCHA, SONIA MARIA DA. "CONTINENTAL - HEALTH: THE DAILY LIFE PLOT: A HEALTH STUDY OF THE OLDER PEOPLE OF ILHA DA CONCEIÇÃO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2003. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=4657@1.

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Este trabalho investiga a saúde dos idosos da Ilha da Conceição no município de Niterói, através das representações de saúde e doença dos idosos e dos profissionais de saúde do Programa do Médico de Família e da Unidade Básica de Saúde, serviços oferecidos pela municipalidade. Tem o propósito de subsidiar a avaliação das políticas de saúde e estimular novos estudos capazes de aperfeiçoar instrumentos de intervenção nesta realidade. O estudo situa-se no campo da pesquisa social, utilizando-se o instrumental teórico-metodológico da pesquisa qualitativa. A palavra dos entrevistados é fundamental para a compreensão do processo de construção de saúde no envelhecimento, assim a descrição e a análise das entrevistas valeram-se da mediação de categorias trazidas a partir da constância dos temas abordados pelos entrevistados: a cidadania, a identidade e o pertencimento, as questões existenciais e as relações entre os entrevistados e os serviços de saúde, conceitos desenvolvidos para melhor compreensão do objeto. O estudo apontou que a concepção de saúde está fortemente influenciada pela cultura local onde o sentimento de pertencimento e da territorialidade, características singulares da Ilha da Conceição, transcendem a dimensão individual. Nessa configuração, a Ilha revelou-se como um continente-saúde, uma comunidade com expressão própria, que assume suas demandas e a sua cidadania.
This work studies the health of the elderly of Ilha da Conceição, a neiborghood in Niterói, through the elderly health and disease representatives and also by the health professionals of the program called Programa do Médico de Família e da Unidade Básica de Saúde, services offered by the municipality. The aim of this program is to support the assessment of health policies and encourage new studies to improve devices for intervening in this scenario. This study lies in the field of social research using theoretical and methodological devices of qualitative research. The word of the interviewees is basic to comprehension of the elderly health building process, therefore, the description and analysis of the interviews have taken advantage of the mediation of some categories which have been brought into focus by the interviewees who frequenty mentioned subjects such as citizenship, identity and inclusion, existential issues and the relationship between the interviewees and health services-concepts developed for a better understanding of the objective. This study pointed out to a health concept which is strongly influenced by the local culture where the feeling of belonging to those people and to that place are unique features of Ilha da Conceição and transcends the individual dimension. Taking all those characteristics, Ilha-island- has revealed itself as a health-continent, a community with a particular expression, once it commits itself to accomplishing the community demands and its citizenship.
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Watts, Geoffrey Douglas. "A brief cognitive therapy intervention to reduce the fear of falling and enhance daily living amongst older adults undergoing rehabilitation after hip fracture." Thesis, Bangor University, 1999. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-brief-cognitive-therapy-intervention-to-reduce-the-fear-of-falling-and-enhance-daily-living-amongst-older-adults-undergoing-rehabilitation-after-hip-fracture(3fd0ea99-deeb-4a2d-b85a-953e90a663e2).html.

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Of all the injuries resulting from falls, hip fractures are often the most stressful and produce high levels of disability. The costs of hip fracture for Older Adults are considerable. These include risks of mortality, immediate morbidity associated with surgery, the loss of independence and long term deterioration in levels of functioning. In addition to any loss of function related to physical trauma, psychological trauma i.e. fear of falling, may also produce a decline in levels of physical and social activity which is self imposed. This study investigated the efficacy of a brief cognitive intervention in improving outcome amongst older adults after hip fracture. Two groups of participants were investigated with one group receiving the cognitive intervention and the other group treatment as usual. No significant effect was found in reducing fear of falling. However significant differences were found post-study in cognitive function, instrumental activities and duration of hospital stay suggesting that the intervention was effective in enhancing the outcome of rehabilitation. These results are discussed in relation to self-efficacy theory.
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36

VERGNE, CELSO DE MORAES. "THE PLOT OF THE BEAST: THE DAILY CONSTRUCTION OF THE GENOCIDE OF BLACK PEOPLE IN RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29112@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A história brasileira remete a insistentes acontecimentos, fatos e propostas de nação que evidenciam a rejeição da população negra, apesar de sua incorporação como pessoa subalterna. Há a existência de teorias que poderiam entrar em conflito, mas que se harmonizam na vivência cultural brasileira: assim existem posições teóricas que apontam para a eliminação do negro pela mistura, que convivem com as propostas eugênicas de purificação racial, como concordavam personalidades públicas como Monteiro Lobato e Roquete Pinto. No caso do Rio de Janeiro temos ainda convivido com práticas de extermínio que permanecem ainda nos dias de hoje, em especial nos bairros pobres da capital, favelas e Baixada Fluminense. No entanto a prática do extermínio é apenas o limite extremo de uma rejeição social e de um consentimento na eliminação de negros e pobres. Ao consentimento da eliminação relaciono a prática de genocídio consentido e realimentado no cotidiano das relações dos habitantes da metrópole. A morte é o resultado final das rejeições vividas pela população negra, muitas vezes também reprodutora e consentidora destas eliminações. Este trabalho, a partir de uma análise de bricolagem da metrópole, a partir de cenas capturadas do cotidiano, busca apresentar os impasses do cotidiano, entre o desejo e o afeto, que nos constituem como sujeitos, que acabam por dar sustentação à prática de genocídio negro em um clima de suposta harmonia racial.
Brazilian history refers to persistent nation events, facts and proposals that evidence rejection to the black population, in spite of their incorporation as subordinate person. There are theories that could enter into conflict, but that harmonize in Brazilian cultural experience; thus there are theoretical positions that point to the elimination of negroes by mixing, which cohabit with eugenic proposals of racial purification, accepted by public personalities such as Monteiro Lobato and Roquete Pinto. In Rio de Janeiro, for instance, we have always cohabited with extermination practices that remain until the present times, especially in needy neighborhoods of the capital, in slums and at the Baixada Fluminense. However, the practice of extermination is only the extreme limit of a social rejection and of a consent to the elimination of negroes and paupers. I relate the practice of consented and refed genocide in day to day relations of inhabitants of the metropolis to the consent of elimination. Death is the final outcome of rejections lived by the negro population, often also reproducer and complaisant to these eliminations. This work, as of a bricolage analysis of the metropolis, as of scenes captured from the daily life, seeks presenting the deadlocks of daily life, between desire and affection, which constitute us as subjects, who end up supporting the practice of negro genocide in an atmosphere of supposed racial harmony.
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37

潘婷芝 and Ting-chi Sharon Poon. "Impact of fear of falling on mood, quality of life and activities of daily living in community dwelling Chinese elderly people." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41005399.

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38

Boström, Anne-Marie. "Evidence-based care of older people - utopia or reality? : healthcare personnel's perceptions of using research in their daily practice /." Stockholm : Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Nursing, Karolinska Institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-385-6/.

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39

Rydwik, Elisabeth. "Effects of physical training on physical performance in frail elderly people /." Stockholm : Karolinska institutet, 2007. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2007/978-91-7357-310-8/.

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40

Hedstrom, Valerie Ann. "Activities of daily living outcomes of hospital discharge planning for people 55 years of age and over living in Yukon." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0022/MQ32127.pdf.

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41

Einarsson, Ulrika. "People with multiple sclerosis in Stockholm - aspects of motor and cognitive function, activities of daily living and social/lifestyle activities /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-613-1/.

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42

Green, Benjamin. "Appetite and metabolic responses to acute and moderate-term dairy snack consumption in young people." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2015. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/27265/.

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In adolescents, an emergent body of evidence supports the hypothesis that milk-based dairy foods elicit anti-obesity properties, providing a modest protective effect against adiposity. To date, efforts to establish the underlying relationship between dairy and adiposity have identified several putative mechanisms. The least well studied of these mechanisms in adolescents is that of milk-based dairy consumption on appetite and metabolism, both of which exert the potential to impact on energy regulation and thus body composition. Accordingly, the overall aim of this thesis was to explore the impact of milk-based dairy consumption on subsequent appetite, feeding behaviour and resting metabolism in healthy young people. To accomplish this, four experimental studies were conducted. The initial experimental chapter of this thesis (chapter two) set out to establish the potential of an alternative methodological approach to quantify appetite- and metabolism-related peptide concentrations for use with paediatric populations. In this sense, chapter two examined the agreement and between-day test-retest reproducibility of several appetite-related peptides between fingertip-capillary and antecubital-venous blood sampling. The second experimental chapter (chapter three) compared dairy consumption patterns among a children (9-11 y) and adolescents (15-18 y), and was primarily designed to establish dairy food popularity (types, frequencies and amounts) and identify potential populations (sex & age) to target within the intervention-based sections of this thesis. The third (chapter four) and fourth (chapter five) experimental chapters of this thesis subsequently employed the findings of chapter two and three to determine the acute- (1-d) and moderate-term (28-d) influence of mid-morning milk consumption on feeding behaviour, metabolic and appetite-related responses in adolescent males (15-18 y).
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43

Crabb, Brooke Evangeline. "Perceptions of the transition to assisted living as a function of psychological well-being, instrumental activities of daily living, and coping: A prospective study." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2003. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2439.

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This study examined the influence of three predictor variables on perceptions of assisted living: psychological well-being, functional status, and coping strategies. A multiple regression analysis was used to examine the influence of these factors on perceptions of the transition to assisted living.
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44

Whitehead, Phillip J. "Can an occupational therapy intervention increase independence in activities of daily living (ADL) in people who use homecare re-ablement services?" Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/31802/.

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Homecare re-ablement services have been widely implemented by local authorities in England, although there are widespread variations in relation to occupational therapy input within them. These services aim to improve users’ ability to manage independently at home and reduce the need for other health and social care services. It is not known whether outcomes are better for people who receive occupational therapy as part of their homecare re-ablement compared with those who do not. This thesis reports a programme of work investigating this, encompassing: a systematic review, a qualitative interview study, and a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of an occupational therapy intervention targeted at activities of daily living (ADL). For the systematic review, 11 databases were searched and 13 studies were identified comparing interventions to improve performance in ADL with routine homecare. The review found variability in the content of interventions delivered and the measures used for ADL ability. However, there was moderate evidence that the interventions led to improvements in ADL ability, although most effects were not statistically significant. Those interventions involving occupational therapists led to improvements in ADL, but the content of the occupational therapy input varied. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were completed with 12 occupational therapists working in re-ablement services and ten people who had received re-ablement services. Interviews covered experiences and opinions of the service, and were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings were categorised in three themes: (1) Re-ablement: Tasks and Activities (2) Re-ablement: Modalities and Strategies for Delivery, and (3) Facilitators and Barriers. The occupational therapists’ primary focus was delivering graded programmes to improve users’ ability to manage ADL, which they believed they were uniquely placed to provide and tailor to each individual’s needs. People using services valued this graded approach believing that it improved their confidence to manage activities. A feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) was conducted in which 30 re-ablement users were randomised to receive either: usual homecare re-ablement without routine OT input (control) (n=15), or usual homecare re-ablement plus a tailored OT programme targeted at ADL (intervention) (n=15). The OT programme was tailored for each participant and included: goal-setting; teaching or practising techniques; equipment and adaptations; and provision of advice or support. Outcomes were: personal and extended ADL; quality of life; falls; and health and social care service use. These were assessed at two-weeks, three and six months post re-ablement. Although there were methodological challenges due to service changes which affected usual care and trial recruitment, it was feasible to enrol and retain participants, deliver the intervention, and collect outcome data which were responsive to change. Participants in both groups showed improvements from baseline, although overall the OT group showed greater improvement; they also used homecare services less frequently and had fewer falls. However, confidence intervals were wide, reflecting the small sample. The intervention was acceptable to participants who particularly valued the tailored advice and support. The principal conclusions were that there is some evidence that interventions targeted at personal activities of daily living can reduce homecare service users’ dependency. Although the content of interventions is variable, those involving occupational therapists appear to be beneficial. Occupational therapists believed that their specialist skills and knowledge in ADL performance were essential facilitators implementing an approach which was suited to each individual’s needs and therefore to successful re-ablement. The RCT was feasible and a further powered definitive study is warranted, subject to methodological alterations. The favourable trends in the OT group indicate the potential benefits in this population group. This is the first RCT of occupational therapy in homecare re-ablement and it is therefore important in the development of the evidence base for this area of practice. A definitive RCT is needed given the widespread national and local government investment, and policy and legislation that continues to underpin the development of homecare re-ablement services.
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45

Maximova, V. "Applications for people with health disabilities." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2017. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/62562.

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There are such diseases that people had to live with all their lives. Such simple actions as talking on the phone, going downstairs or even determining the expiration date of milk can become difficult for people with disabilities. We present a selection of mobile applications that make life of people with disabilities easier
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46

Ma, Xiaofang. "Extra media influences on the issue-attention cycle a content analysis of global warming coverage in the People's daily and the New York times, 1998-2007 /." Ohio : Ohio University, 2008. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1218165001.

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47

Nilsson, Ingeborg. "Occupational Engagement among Older People : Evaluation, Repertoire and Relation to Life satisfaction." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Umeå universitet, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-863.

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48

Zheng, Limin. "Newspaper comformity to national foreign policy in coverage of the 2003 Iraq war in The New York Times, The Times of London and The People's Daily (China) /." Available to subscribers only, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1136095301&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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49

Tian, Zhixiong, and 田智雄. "How People’s Daily Constructs “Happiness” in Reports Concerning “Chinese Dream”." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/pfx3h7.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
新聞研究所
106
By combing Althusser’s theory of Ideological State Apparatus, major concepts of Chinese and Western Happiness Theories, and studies towards Xi Jinping and his Chinese Dream discourse, this research has analyzed 25 key reports regarding both “Happiness” and “Chinese Dream” from People’s Daily, during Xi Jinping’s first term as the secretary-general of Communist Party of China (Nov. 2012-Nov. 2017), through van Dijk’s critical discourse analysis methods. This Analysis found that the CPS’s governance and Xi Jinping’s personal power suffered from the threats of slowing economic development, widening gap between rich and poor, serious corruption inside the party, and opposition from liberal intellectuals. In order to respond to these challenges, Xi Jinping constructed a collective ideology system: Chinese Dream. Accordingly, the party’s medium People’s Daily also constructed an collective imagined relationship to make Chinese people believe that they should feel happy. People’s Daily inherited but modified the Marxist view of happiness interpreted by the CCP. It is proposed that happiness can be obtained after reaching a certain material level, while a small part of the reports was influenced by the individualistic view of happiness. In addition, this analysis found that the People’s Daily has two major news frame: “collective under the CCP’s rule” and “people under the CCP’s rule” when discussing happiness. Two core arguments can be seen as: “the construction of the Chinese Dream by the CCP with Xi Jinping as the core has brought happiness to the people" and “under the background of the Chinese Dream and the party''s leadership, people can obtain happiness through hard-working”. People’s Daily also adopts micro-structures such as metaphors, rhetorics, and arguments, to strengthen its legitimacy. It also attributed the achievement to Xi Jinping’s leading. In the theoretical understanding of the Ideological State Apparatus, this analysis found that People’s Daily tried to place the people in the subject of feeling happiness through hailing and interpellation, but it limited the subjectivity of the people because of its frames.
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50

Lee, Ting-Hsuan, and 李亭宣. "Professionalization or Autonomy?Context Analysis of People’s Liberation Army Daily and China National Defense Daily (2010-2013)." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/95940324399272972840.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
政治學研究所
102
Since 1980s, PLA has marched toward modernization and professionalization reforms, and achieved remarkable success in many aspects. One of my research questions is about the military autonomy of People’s Liberation Army (PLA). With modernization in national defense and military professionalization, does PLA comes out its organizational autonomy, which makes it has different attitude in diplomatic and defense policy? Or is the dissenting announcement of the military still under the party’s control? Another question is whether PLA have distinct attitudes toward the conflicts of East China Sea, Diaoyu Islands, and South Asia Sea in the layout, reports, and editorials. This essay chose ‘Qualitative Content Analysis Approach’ to analyze and gather statistics of the report comment and editorials in PLA Daily and China National Defense Daily. Also, ‘Literature Survey Approach’ will be adopted to analyze those figures that made special comments in the newspapers. Besides, concerning the research method, this article deduces the research hypothesis from the viewpoints of the discussion of military professionalization, which means during the professionalization, the military gradually retreats from the civilian area and struggle its autonomy in military area, but it won’t go against the party. At the end of this essay, it comes up two possible results. One of possibilities is that the rising military autonomy is fake, which means the autonomy is manipulated and acquiesced by the party. The other is that PLA already has limited autonomy, which means the party elites may have different opinions, and the military elites get more freedom of speech.
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