Academic literature on the topic 'The Pirat Bay'

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Journal articles on the topic "The Pirat Bay"

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Doko, Tabita Mariana, Kun Aristiati, and Suhoryo Hadisaputro. "Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin oleh Suami terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Asi pada Ibu Nifas." Jurnal Keperawatan Silampari 2, no. 2 (May 16, 2019): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.31539/jks.v2i2.529.

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The purpose of this study was to prove and verify the effect of oxytocin massage by the husband on increasing milk production in postpartum mothers. The method in this study uses a quasy experimental method with a non equivalent control group design approach. The results of the study, the administration of oxytocin massage by the husband affected the increased production of breast milk (ASI) with indicators of infant weight (p <0.05), frequency of breastfeeding (p <0.05), length of sleep of infants (p <0.05), frequency of discharges baby defecate (BAB) (p <0.05), frequency of urination of infants (BAK) (p <0.05), and resting mother's sleep (p <0.05). Conclusion, giving oxytocin massage by the husband can increase the production of Breast Milk (ASI) in postpartum mothers seen by the weight of the baby today, frequency of breastfeeding, length of sleep of infants, frequency of defecation of infants (BAB), frequency of defecation of infants (BAK) ), and resting mother's sleep. Keywords: Postpartum Mother, Oxytocin Massage by Husband, Breast Milk Production (ASI)
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Buhari, Suharti, Nurhaedar Jafar, and Multazam Multazam. "Perbandingan Pijat Oketani dan Oksitosin terhadap Produksi Air Susu Ibu pada Ibu Post Partum Hari Pertama sampai Hari Ketiga di Rumah Sakit TK II Pelamonia Makassar." JURNAL KESEHATAN DELIMA PELAMONIA 2, no. 2 (December 19, 2018): 159–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.37337/jkdp.v2i2.84.

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Pijat oketani dan oksitosin merupakan salah satu metode perawatan payudara dalam meningkatkan produksi ASI. Pijat oketani dapat menstimulus kekuatan otot pectoralis untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI, payudara menjadi lebih lembut dan elastis sehingga memudahkan bayi untuk mengisap ASI. Pijat oketani memberikan rasa nyaman dan menghilangkan rasa nyeri pada ibu post partum, mengurangi masalah laktasi yang disebabkan oleh flat nipple dan inverted. Pijat oksitosin adalah pemijatan pada sepanjang tulang belakang dan merupakan usaha untuk merangsang hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin, yang dapat menenangkan ibu sehingga ASI otomatis keluar.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pijat oketani dan pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu post partum hari pertama sampai hari ketiga di Rumah Sakit TK II Pelamonia Makassar. Digunakan indikator frekuensi menyusui, frekuensi BAB dan frekuensi BAK. Digunakan jenis penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan rancangan post test design. Sampel sebanyak 50 ibu post partum (25 sampel untuk pijat oketani dan 25 sampel untuk sampel pijat oksitosin), dengan teknik purposive sampling. Data diuji dengan Mann-whitney Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh intervensi pijat oketani dan pijat oksitosin terhadap produksi ASI dengan indikator frekuensi menyusui, frekuensi BAB dan frekuensi BAK bayi meningkat. Ditemukan bahwa intervensi ibu post partum dengan metode pijat oketani, lebih baik dibandingkan dengan pijat oksitosin. Kesimpulan bahwa perlu dilakukan intervensi pijat oketani dan pijat oksitosin terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI pada ibu post partum. Direkomendasikan agar semua bidan dan perawat menguasai teknik pemijatan oketani dan oksitosin
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Maryati, Siti. "PELATIHAN PIJAT BAYI EFEKTIF DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN KADER BALITA DI PUSKESMAS PAJANGAN BANTUL." Jurnal Kesehatan Karya Husada 8, no. 2 (October 15, 2020): 54–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.36577/jkkh.v8i2.412.

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Efektifitas Peningkatan Pengetahuan dan Keterampilan Pijat Bayi Pada Kader Balita Di Puskesmas Pajangan Bantul Siti Maryati Program Studi Keperawatan Diploma Tiga Politeknik Kesehatan Karya Husada Yogyakarta Indonesia maryatisiti52@gmail.com ABSTRAK Pijat bayi merupakan therapi sentuh yang telah ada sejak zaman dulu. Pijat ini memberikan manfaat yang begitu besar apabila dilakukan dengan mekanisme atau teknik pemijatan yang benar dan dilakukan oleh orang yang sudah terlatih. Kondisi yang ada dimasyarakat pijat bayi dilakukan oleh dukun pijat yang belum terlatih. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektifitas pelatihan pijat bayi terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader balita di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Pajangan Bantul. Metode yang digunakan Quasi Eksperiment dengan pendekatan One Group Pretest and Posttest. Lokasi penelitian di Puskesmas wilayah Pajangan Bantul dengan Responden kader balita sejumlah 30 orang. Hasil Nilai rata rata pengetahuan responden sebelum diberikan pelatihan 56,25 setelah diberikan pelatihan pijat bayi meningkat menjadi 87,5. Peningkatan tersebut signifikan yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Begitu pula hasil keterampilan responden sebelum diberikan pelatihan tidak bisa atau nol setelah diberikan pelatihan piat bayi menjadi 89,13. Peningkatan tersebut signifikan dengan nilai p=0,001 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan pelatihan pijat bayi sangat efektif dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan kader kesehatan balita Kata Kunci : Pelatihan, Pijat bayi, Kader balita ABSTRACT Baby massage is a touch therapy that has been existing since ancient times. This massage gives benefits when it is done with a mechanism or correct massage techniques and performed by people who are already trained. Conditions that exist in the community of baby massage is performed by an untrained shaman. Purpose to determine the effectiveness of baby massage training to increase knowledge and skills of cadres toddler in Puskesmas Display Bantul. Methods used Quasi Experiment with Pre-experiment design approach one group pre-test and post-test. The location of the research is in the health center Pajangan Bantul area with a toddler cadre Respondents 30 people. Results The average of respondents' knowledge given training before 56.25 after being given baby massage training increased to 87.5. The significant increase in indicated by the value of p = 0.001 (p <0.05). Similarly, the respondent before the results are given training skills “can not” or zero to 89.13 after a baby massage training with a significantly increased p = 0.001 (p <0.05).. Conclusion baby massage training is very effective in increasing the knowledge and skills of toddler health cadres. Keywords: training, baby massage, baby Cadre
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Machmudah, Machmudah, and Aam Zakiah Adawiah. "Pijat oksitosin oleh suami meningkatkan produksi ASI ibu primipara." Jurnal Keperawatan 11, no. 3 (September 30, 2019): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.v11i3.580.

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Dukungan orang terdekat khususnya suami sangat dibutuhkan dalam mendukung ibu selama memberikan ASI-nya kepada ibu. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah membuktikan pengaruh pijat oksitosin oleh suami terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu post partum normal. Jenis penelitian quasi esperiment dengan rancangan pretest-posttest with control group. Jumlah sampel 26 ibu post partum normal yang menyusui. Dilakukan pengukuran produksi ASI menggunakan lembar observasi dengan parameter BB bayi, frekuensi BAK bayi, Frekuensi BAB bayi, frekuensi menyusu bayi. Analisis data menggubakan uji wilcoxon. Ada pengaruh pijat oksitosin oleh suami terhadap Produksi ASI dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya frekuensi BAK, Frekuensi BAB, Frekuensi menyusu pada responden. Pemberian pijat oksitosin oleh suami berpengaruh terhadap produksi ASI dengan parameter frekuensi BAK bayi (p<0,05), frekuensi BAB bayi (p<0,05), frekuensi menyusui bayi (p<0,05). Pemberian pijat oksitosin oleh suami dapat meningkatkan produksi ASI pada ibu yang dilihat dari frekuensi BAK bayi, frekuensi BAB bayi dan frekuensi menyusu bayi. Kata kunci: pijat oksitosin oleh suami, produksi ASI MASSAGE OF OXYTOSIN BY HUSBAND TO INCREASE PRODUCTION OF PRIMIPARA MOTHER'S BREAST MILK ABSTRACT The support of the closest person, especially the husband, is needed in supporting the mother while giving her breast milk to the mother. The objective was to prove the effect of oxytocin massage by the husband in producing breast milk of normal postpartum. This research used a quasi-experiment with a pretest-posttest with control group design. The sample was 26 normal postpartum mothers who breastfeed. Breastmilk production was measured using an observation sheet with parameters for baby's defecation, baby's urination frequency, baby's defecation frequency, and baby's breastfeeding frequency. The data analysis using the Wilcoxon-test. There was the influence of oxytocin massage by the husband in producing breast milk as evidenced by the increasing frequency of urinating, frequency of bowel movements, frequency of breastfeeding in respondents. In giving oxytocin massage by the husband influence the production of breast milk with the parameters of baby's urination frequency (p <0.05), baby's defecation frequency (p <0.05), baby's breastfeeding frequency (p <0.05). The Oxytocin massage by the husband can increase breast milk production in the mother as seen from baby's urination frequency, baby's defecation frequency, and the baby's breastfeeding frequency. Keywords: oxytocin massage by husband, breast milk production
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Adrian, Angela. "RETRACTED: The Pirate Bay deep-sixed." Computer Law & Security Review 22, no. 5 (2006): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2006.07.009.

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Gold, Steve. "Pirate Bay develops anonymous VPN user protection." Infosecurity 6, no. 3 (April 2009): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1754-4548(09)70045-2.

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Sawitry, Sawitry. "PERSEPSI IBU TENTANG PIJAT BAYI YANG DILAKUKAN OLEH DUKUN BAYI DI RW I KELURAHAN SUSUKAN KECAMATAN UNGARAN TIMUR." Jurnal SMART Kebidanan 3, no. 1 (July 21, 2017): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34310/sjkb.v3i1.53.

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Latar Belakang Pijat bayi oleh dukun ini diwariskan secara turun temurun tanpa penjelasan mengenai manfaat dan teori ilmiah serta dilakukan atas dasar kepercayaan serta pengalaman bahwa persepsi masyarakat pemijatan dapat menyembuhkan beragam penyakit serta membuat bayi menjadi tidak rewel lagi. Sebab sifat orang tradisional yakni bahwa pijat merupakan cara pengobatan yang ampuh, apalagi jika dilakukan oleh dukun bayi. Tujuan Mengeksplorasi persepsi ibu tentang pijat bayi yang dilakukan oleh dukun bayi. Metode Jenis penelitian Kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, data diperoleh dengan cara wawancara kepada ibu 4 orang ibu yang memiliki bayi usia 0-12 bulan dan tinggal di Kelurahan Susukan Kecamatan Ungaran Timur RW1. Hasil persepsi ibu tentang pijat bayi hasilnya baik, mereka tahu manfaat pijat bayi, syarat pijat bayi dan bagaimana pemijatan bayi dilakukan dari kepala sampai kaki oleh dukun. Saran penulis berharap agar orang tua melakukan pijat bayi sendiri secara rutin, pada saat pagi sebelum mandi dan malam sebelum tidur karena banyak sekali manfaatnyaKata Kunci : Persepsi Ibu; Pijat bayi; dukun bayi MOTHERS’ PERCEPTION ABOUT BABY MASSAGE BY TRADITIONAL BABY ATTENDANT IN RW 1 SUSUKAN VILLAGE UNGARAN TIMUR ABSTRACTIntroduction Background: Baby massage did by traditional baby attendants who passed down from generation to generation without any explanation of benefits and scientific theory and hold on trust and experience that the baby massage can cure disease and make the baby quiet. Mothers usually massaging the baby when the baby is fussy and have trouble sleeping , massaging her baby once a month and the mother said the baby frequently during sleep soundly after a massage. Purpose: The purpose is to explore mothers’perception about baby massage by traditional baby attendant. Method: This reasearch used qualitative method with the phenomenology approach. The data was obtained from complete interviews. The participants were 4 mothers with their 0-12 months babies, who lived in RW 1 Susukan Village Ungaran Timur, that willing as respondents. Result: The participant and the triangulation about the baby massage was good. The participants and triangulation knew the benefit, term, and purpose of the baby massage, even thought it wasn’t completely known. The traditional baby attendants did the massage differently from the theory. They did the massage from the head to the feet, while the theory said the massage should be done from the feet to the head. Suggestion: The writer wished that this research can be used as an advice for the parents, so they will do the baby massage once in the morning before take a bath and once in the night before the bed time and motivated to do the baby massage regularly because of the good benefits. Keywords : mothers’ perception; baby massage; traditional baby attendant
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Rosidi, Indah Yun Diniaty, and Lili Purnamasari. "Sosialisasi dan Simulasi Tentang Pemijatan Bayi Untuk Mendukung Tumbuh Kembang Bayi." To Maega : Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat 4, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.35914/tomaega.v4i1.492.

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AbstrakPijat bayi merupakan terapi sentuh paling tua dan paling populer yang dikenal manusia serta salah satu bentuk stimulasi dini yang sangat penting untuk menunjang tumbuh kembang anak. Di Indonesia pelaksanaan pijat bayi di masyarakat dilakukan oleh dukun bayi, dimana pelaksanaanya hanya pada saat bayi sakit. Pijat bayi akan optimal sebagai stimulasi tumbuh kembang jika dilakukan secara rutin saat sehat, bukan pada saat sakit. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pemahaman dan praktek tentang pijat bayi kepada masyarakat terkhususnya ibu yang memiliki bayi agar dapat melakukan secara mandiri pijat bayi kepada anaknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah pelatihan dan pendidikan kepada masyarakat dengan sasaran ibu nifas beserta bayinya yang berjumlah 16 orang, dan dilakukan selama 2 hari. Kegiatan pada hari pertama yaitu penyuluhan dengan memberikan pengetahuan tentang pijat bayi dan pengaruhnya terhadap tumbuh kembang bayi, sedangkan hari kedua dilaksanakan pelatian pijat bayi kepada ibu dan bayi dipandu oleh instruktur bersertifikat. Hasil pengabdian menunjukkan ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik tentang pijat bayi dan pengaruhnya terhadap tumbuh kembang bayi, serta adanya sikap positif dan mampu melakukan secara mandiri pijat bayi di rumah bahkan enjoy bersama bayinya.Kata Kunci: Pijat Bayi, Baby Spa, Tumbuh Kembang, BayiAbstractBaby massage is the oldest and most popular touch therapy known to man and one of the most important forms of early stimulation to support a child's growth and development. In Indonesia, the implementation of infant massage in the community is carried out by traditional birth attendants, where it is only implemented when the baby is sick. Baby massage will be optimal as a stimulation for growth and development if it is done regularly when healthy, not when sick. This service aims to provide understanding and practice of infant massage to the community, especially mothers who have babies so that they can independently massage their babies to their children. The method used is training and education to the community with the target of postpartum mothers and their babies totaling 16 people, and is carried out for 2 days. The activity on the first day was counseling by providing knowledge about baby massage and its effect on infant growth and development, while on the second day, training was held for infant massage for mothers and babies guided by certified instructors. The results of this dedication show that mothers have good knowledge about baby massage and its effect on baby growth and development, as well as a positive attitude and are able to independently massage babies at home and even enjoy them with their babies.Key Word: Baby Massage, Baby Spa, Growth and Development, Baby
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Sulistiani, Ardiani, and Titik Wijayanti. "EFEKTIFITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN TERHADAP KETRAMPILAN IBU DALAM MELAKUKAN PIJAT BAYI." Jurnal Kebidanan 12, no. 01 (June 14, 2020): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.35872/jurkeb.v12i01.368.

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ABSTRAKLatar Belakang: Pijat bayi merupakan salah satu bentuk perawatan yang baik untuk perkembangan bayi. Di Indonesia pelaksanaan pijat bayi di masyarakat desa masih dipegang perannya oleh dukun bayi yang tidak sesuai dengan cara medis. Teknik pemijatan yang tidak benar pada bayi justru membahayakan bayi (Sujarwo, 2014). Pijat bayi yang terbaik adalah dilakukan oleh ibu. Wawancara kepada ibu balita umur 0-1 tahun di Dzaky SPA didapatkan keterangan bahwa belum pernah ada pendidikan kesehatan tentang pijat bayi dan kebanyakan warga belum bisa memijat bayinya sendiri. Tujuan: Mengetahui efektifitas pendidikan kesehatan terhadap ketrampilan ibu dalam melakukan pijat bayi. Metode: Penelitian pra eksperimen, desain one group pretest postest. Populasi semua ibu yang memiliki bayi 0-1 tahun di Dzaky SPA pada bulan Januari-Februari 2019 sejumlah 27 responden. Teknik sampling dengan purposive sampling, jumlah responden yang sesuai kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi sejumlah 22 responden. Instrument penelitian pendidikan kesehatan menggunakan SOP dan ketrampilan ibu dalam melakukan pijat bayi menggunakan cheklist yang diukur sebelum dan sesudah pendidikan kesehatan. Analisis bivariat menggunakan mc nemar karena data berbentuk kategorik, dengan bantuan aplikasi program SPSS. Hasil:. Ketrampilan dalam melakukan pijat bayi sebelum diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebagian besar dalam kategori tidak terampil yaitu 81,8%. Ketrampilan dalam melakukan pijat bayi sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan sebagian besar dalam kategori terampil yaitu 63,6%. Terdapat perbedaan ketrampilan ibu dalam melakukan pijat bayi sebelum dan sesudah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan (0,002<0,05). Kesimpulan: Pendidikan kesehatan efektif terhadap peningkatan ketrampilan ibu dalam melakukan pijat bayi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi bidan untuk melakukan pendidikan kesehatan pada ibu tentang pijat bayi agar ibu mampu melakukan pijat bayi secara mandiri . Kata Kunci: Pendidikan kesehatan, Ketrampilan ibu, Pijat bayi EFFECTIVENESS OF HEALTH EDUCATION ON THE MOTHER'S SKILLS IN PERFORMING BABY MASSAGEABSTRACTBackground: Baby massage is a good form of treatment for infant development. In Indonesia the implementation of baby massage in the village community is still held by the role of the traditional birth attendant who is not in accordance with medical methods. Improper massage techniques in infants actually endanger the baby (Sujarwo, 2014). Baby massage is best done by the mother. Interviews with mothers of toddlers aged 0-1 years at Dzaky SPA obtained information that there had never been health education about baby massage and most residents had not been able to massage their own babies. Objective: To find out the effectiveness of health education on mother's skills in doing baby massage. Method: Pre-experimental research, design one group pretest postest. The population of all mothers who have 0-1 year old babies in Dzaky SPA in January-February 2019 is 27 respondents. Sampling technique with purposive sampling, the number of respondents who fit the inclusion and exclusion criteria was 22 respondents. The health education research instrument uses SOP and the mother's skills in conducting infant massage using a checklist that is measured before and after health education. Bivariate analysis uses mc nemar because the data is categorical, with the help of the SPSS program application. Results: The skills in doing baby massage before being given health education were mostly in the unskilled category at 81.8%. The skills in doing baby massage after being given health education are mostly in the skilled category that is 63.6%. There are differences in maternal skills in performing infant massage before and after being given health education (0.002 <0.05). Conclusion: Health education is effective in increasing maternal skills in performing infant massage. The results of this study can be input for midwives to do health education to mothers about infant massage so that mothers are able to do baby massage independently. Keywords: Health education, Mother's skills, Baby massage
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Prasetyorini, Heny, and Niken Sukesi. "PEMBERIAN PIJAT BAYI DAN SARI DAUN KATUK DALAM MENINGKATKAN BOUNDING ATTACHMENT." Jurnal Keperawatan 10, no. 3 (December 30, 2018): 209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.32583/keperawatan.10.3.2018.209-215.

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Bayi baru lahir (BBL) akan beradaptasi dengan lingkungan yang baru. Cara untuk menguatkan proses adaptasi BBL dengan bounding attachment.Bounding attachment dapat dilakukan dengan Inisiasi menyusu dini (IMD), rawat gabung, KMC dan pijat bayi.Pijat bayi mampumenciptakan hubungan kasih sayang ibu dan bayi. IMD juga dapat membantu ibu kontak langsung dengan bayinya, reflek rooting, sucking akan berfungsi untuk membantu kelancaran ASI dengan sari daun katuk mampu memperlancar produksi ASI. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pemberian pijat bayi dan sari daun katuk terhadap bounding attachment. Desain pretest-posttest, jumlah sampel 20 responden dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrument yang digunakan SOP Pijat bayi, lembar observasi dan kuesioner. Bounding Attachment sebelum dilakukan intervensi dari nilai “Agak Tidak Tepat dan Agak sesuai” , menjadi “ Agak Sesuai dan Sangat Sesuai”setelah diberikan pijat bayi dan sari daun katuk. Pemberian pijat bayi dan sari daun katuk mampu meningkatkan bounding attachment. Kata Kunci: : Pijat bayi, Daun Katuk, Bounding Attachment GIVING BABY MASSAGE AND COTTON LEAVES IN IMPROVING BOUNDING ATTACHMENT ABSTRACT Newborns (BBL) will adapt to the new environment. Ways to strengthen the BBL adaptation process with bounding attachments. Bounding attachments can be done by initiating early breastfeeding (IMD), joining care, KMC and baby massage. Baby massage can create a loving relationship between mother and baby. IMD can also help mothers direct contact with their babies, rooting reflexes, sucking will function. To help smooth the milk with katuk leaf extract, it can facilitate the production of breast milk. This activity aims to identify the provision of baby massage and katuk leaf extract to the bounding attachment.The design of the pretest-posttest, the number of samples was 20 respondents using purposive sampling technique. Instrument used SOP Baby massage, observation sheet and questionnaire. Bounding Attachment before the intervention of the value of "Somewhat Inappropriate and Somewhat Appropriate", becomes "Somewhat Appropriate and Very Appropriate" after being given a baby massage and katuk leaf extract. Giving baby massage and katuk leaf extract can increase bounding attachment. Keywords: Baby massage, Katuk Leaves, Bounding Attachment
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "The Pirat Bay"

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Fiallo, Kaminski Ricardo. "Egendom och Stöld : Den juridiska hegemonins svårigheter med teknikens nya matematik." Thesis, Linköping University, Linköping University, Department of Social and Welfare Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-19101.

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Genom att analysera domstolsmaterialet från rättegången mot fildelningssiten The Pirat Bay, i relation till en idéhistorisk diskussion om äganderätt, har uppsatsen funnit att den liberala tanketraditionen och dess juridiska institutioner står inför en betydelseglidning vad gället begreppsparet ”Egendom” och ”Stöld”. Det har visat sig att Lockes naturtillstånd, varseblivningen av ”det oändliga” på jorden, har skiftat plats; från ”naturen” ut till ”cyberspace”, vilket har resulterat i att fildelningstekniken skapat en ny matematik som omöjliggör tidigare egendomsdefinition.

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Torbjörnsson, Adam, and Martin Rost. "Upphovsrättsintrång på Internet : En utredning om medhjälpsansvar." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Affärsrätt, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103803.

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Upphovsrätt i en digital miljö är ett dynamiskt och ständigt föränderligt rättsområde som ställer höga krav på den gällande rättens flexibilitet. Ny teknik kräver nya angreppssätt för att skydda upphovsrättshavare på Internet. I denna uppsats belyser vi hur det svenska rättssystemet anpassas för att bekämpa problemen med illegal fildelning, genom att studera gällande rätt och analysera hur den tillämpas av Sveriges domstolar. Vi har under arbetets gång kunnat se att domstolarnas huvudsakliga angreppssätt är att tillämpa medverkansansvarsbestämmelsen i BrB och utdöma ansvar för medhjälp till huvudbrottet i URL. Bland annat analyserar vi det i media mycket uppmärksammade målet om The Pirate Bay (TPB). Vi har kunnat se en markant skillnad i hur påföljder bestäms beroende på huruvida medhjälparen haft ett vinstsyfte eller inte, samt i vilken omfattning medhjälparens verksamhet bedrivits. Angående vinstsyftet tycks anledningen till att utdöma strängare påföljder vara att motverka uppkomsten av en marknad på vilken det går att försörja sig på att tillhandahålla tjänster som möjliggör upphovsrättsintrång. I uppsatsen förklarar vi att det som saknas i gällande rätt är en tydligt dragen nedre gräns för medhjälpsansvar, d v s hur liten koppling till huvudbrottet en handling ska ha för att inte räknas som medhjälp till brott. Domstolarna gör ingen skillnad på vilken roll någon har haft i en verksamhet som främjar upphovsrättsintrång. Den som har utfört en gärning som, direkt eller indirekt, främjar sådan verksamhet har dömts efter vad som ligger honom till last. I samtliga fall saknas dessutom en gärningsman för huvudbrottet, men detta utgör inte ett hinder mot att hålla någon ansvarig som medhjälpare. Vår slutsats är att de generella medverkansbestämmelserna i BrB kräver ytterligare förtydliganden för att skapa en klar bild av rättsläget, antingen i praxis eller genom utökad lagstiftning. Det mest flexibla sättet att göra detta är genom domstolspraxis, eftersom denna typ av rätt har större möjlighet att utvecklas i takt med tekniken, vilket kommer att krävas även i framtiden.
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3

Dahl, Daniel. ""Vilda västern går mot sitt slut" : Fildelning, streaming och rättfärdigande på Flashback." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Sociologiska institutionen, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-117752.

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Digitaliseringen under 2000-talet har förändrat många branscher. Utbredningen av illegal fildelning är en av de utmaningar som dykt upp, utbredd bland i övrigt laglydiga människor. Samtidigt sker en framväxt av nya sätt att konsumera på internet, som tar avstamp i fildelningstekniken men fungerar inom lagliga ramar. Uppsatsen har mot bakgrund av detta drivits av att undersöka hur fildelning motiveras: Hur ser argumenten ut för och emot illegal fildelning?   I detta arbete undersöks de argument som används för att rättfärdiga fildelning av musik, genom en kvalitativ argumentationsanalys, kombinerad med Boltanski Thévenots teori om rättfärdigande och värdeordningar. Materialet utgörs av en diskussionstråd på internetforumet Flashback om fildelningssajten The Pirate Bay och streamingtjänsten Spotify. Dessutom undersöks också rättfärdigandet av de streamingtjänster som vuxit fram som alternativ till den illegala fildelningen.   Resultatet visar att både fildelning och användandet av streamingtjänster motiveras av pragmatism: smidighet och effektivitet appellerar till användarna mer än tradition och känsla. Dessutom uppvisas en uppluckring i synen på musik som handelsvara: Den ständiga tillgången har förändrat viljan att betala för enskilda album och låtar.
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4

Ågren, Lina. "Medhjälp respektive medhjälp till medhjälp till upphovsrättsintrång, var går gränsen?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19070.

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I The Pirate Bay-målet dömdes de tilltalade för medverkan till upphovsrättsintrång. De ansågs genom tillhandahållandet av internetleverantörstjänsten The Pirate Bay ha främjat brott. För att kunna aktualisera påföljder även för medverkansgärningar hänvisade HovR under målet till det medverkansansvar som enligt 23 kapitlet 4 § BrB kan åläggas den som inte anses som gärningsman men som främjat brottslig gärning med råd eller dåd. Domstolen uttrycker i målet att denna paragraf kan få orimliga konsekvenser vid en strikt ordalydelsetolkning, ändå synes det vara en liknande tolkning domstolen i slutänden använder sig utav vid aktualiserandet av medverkansansvar. Vid den bedömning domstolen gör av uppsåt för de tilltalades gärningar, framkommer det att uppsåt av svag karaktär, ett så kallat likgiltighetsuppsåt är tillräckligt. Vidare förs diskussioner från domstolens sida som framhäver att en tjänsts sociala adekvans är av betydelse för om leverantören av sidan bör anses som medhjälpare till brott. Var gränsen för en internetleverantörs ansvar egentligen går framstår onekligen som oklar, i slutänden verkar det helt vara en avvägning av den tillhandahållna tjänstens sociala adekvans i förhållande till vidtagna försiktighetsåtgärder. En sådan argumentation kan inte anses ge vidare vägledning för vad som egentligen krävs av internetleverantörer. HovR:s dom överklagades, HD beviljade dock inte prövningstillstånd för målet. HovR:s dom blev på så vis prejudicerande inför framtida mål inom ämnet. Det kan anses beklagligt att målet inte togs upp av HD då det lämnar vissa frågetecken kring vart gränsen för medhjälp till upphovsrättsintrång går. Det förekommer svårigheter att utifrån domen utreda gällande rätt och vad som faktiskt kan krävas av en internetleverantör för att denne ska kunna undgå att åläggas ett medverkansansvar.
In the Pirate Bay Case, the defendants were convicted of complicity in copyright infringement. By providing the Internet service The Pirate Bay, they were considered conducive of crime. In order to bring penalties for participation deeds to the fore, the Court referred the case to the participation responsibilities under Section 23 Chapter 4 § BrB, which states that Penal Code may be imposed on those who are not considered offenders but promoting criminal activity by advice or deed. The Court expresses that the goal of this section may have a disproportionate impact if literally interpreted, yet it seems to be such an interpretation the Court ultimately used in the actual case, by judging involvement responsibilities. At the Court’s judgement of the defendants’ intent, it appears that a weak character of intent, a so-called indifference-intent, is sufficient. Furthermore, discussions of the Court highlights that a service's social adequacy is relevant when judging accessories to crimes by the provider of the web page. The limit of liability of an Internet service provider, is undeniably ambiguous, at the end it seems solely to be a question of balance between the social adequacy of the service provided and precautions taken. Such argumentation cannot be considered providing additional guidance for Internet Service Providers. Courts judgement was appealed, but not granted leave of appeal by the Supreme Court. Thus the Courts judgment will be precedent for future cases of this subject. It is to be considered unfortunate that the case was rejected by the Supreme Court, as it leaves some question marks on where the limit of action to copyright infringement goes. There are difficulties on the basis of this verdict to interpret current law and what is actually required of an Internet Service Provider to avoid being subject of a participation liability.
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Jansizian, George. "Medhjälpare till brott mot URL? : Vem och när anses man vara medhjälpare?" Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Rättsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15246.

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Internettjänsten The Pirate Bay fälldes av Svea hovrätt den 26 november 2010 för medhjälp till brott mot URL med motiveringen att denna tjänst främjat fildelning av upphovsrättsligt skyddat material utan upphovsmännens samtycke. Bestämmelsen i 23 kap 4 § 2 st. BrB lyder, ”ansvar som i denna balk är föreskrivet för viss gärning skall ådömas inte bara den som utfört gärningen utan även annan som främjat denna med råd eller dåd. Detsamma skall gälla beträffande i annan lag eller författning straffbelagd gärning, för vilken fängelse är föreskrivet.” I dagsläget finns ett flertal tjänster av liknande karaktär såsom söktjänsten Google och videotjänsten Youtube. Dessa har inte prövats av svensk rätt men åtnjuter skydd av E-handelslagen trots att de i praktiken kan anses fungera som The Pirate Bay. Skillnaden är att dessa aktivt handlar för att förebygga förekomsten av upphovsrättsligt skyddat material utan upphovsmännens samtycke. Trots detta förekommer en betydande mängd upphovsrättsligt skyddat material som med stor sannolikhet inte gjorts tillgängligt för allmänheten med upphovsmännens samtycke. Dessa aktörer kan teoretiskt sätt upprätta en policy mot spridning av olovligt material som är tillräcklig för att väga upp den skadan som tillförs upphovsmännen, på så sätt åtnjuter de titeln informationssamhällets tjänst, de vill säga samhällsnyttan väger över den tillförda skadan enligt E-handelslagen. Hovrättens deldom i Pirate Bay-målet är nu en milstolpe för dessa aktörer avseende tolkningen av medhjälpsbegreppet i BrB, men det är ändock av vikt att HD samt EU-domstolen klargör den diffusa gränsen mellan definitionen informationssamhällets tjänst och tolkningen av ordalydelsen i 23 kap 4 § 2 st. BrB (medhjälpsbegreppet).
The Pirate Bay was convicted by the Svea Court of Appeals in November 26, 2010 for aiding in crime against Swedish Copyright Law on the grounds that this service promoted the sharing of copyright material without the authors’ consent. The wording in chapter 23, paragraph 4, part 2 of the Swedish Criminal Code reads, "responsibilities in this section are prescribed for a specific act, it shall be imposed not only on those who carried out the deed, but also the one that facilitated this by giving advice or carrying out deeds. The same shall apply in relation to another law or constitutional criminal offense for which imprisonment is prescribed." Nowadays there are several services of similar nature such as the search engine Google and the video streaming service Youtube. These services have not been tested by Swedish law, since they are protected by the Swedish E-Commerce Law. Google and Youtube actively take actions to prevent the occurrence of copyrighted material without the authors' consent. However, there is a considerable amount of copyright material, which most probably has been made available to the public without the authors' consent. These companies can in theory establish a policy against the proliferation of unauthorized materials in an amount sufficient to offset the damage which affects the copyright owners, but still enjoy the title of information society services in the E-Commerce Law, since the social benefits are larger than the caused injury. The Swedish Court of Appeal's judgement is now a landmark for similar services when it comes to the interpretation of aiding crime against the Swedish copyright law. It is nevertheless important that the Supreme Court of Sweden and the EU-court defines the cloudy boundary between the definition information society services and the interpretation of the wording in the 23 chapter 4 § 2 part, Swedish penal code.
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Nicklasson, Larsa, Camilla Nilsson, and Sara Wiström. "Problem vid beslagtagande av egendom." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Sciences, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-192.

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This thesis takes its starting point in the 27 Chapter 1, section 1 of the Swedish code of judicial procedure, where the following is found:

“objects reasonably presumed important to a criminal investigation or taken from a person through a criminal act or subject to criminal forfeiture may be seized”

In this thesis we have investigated what kinds of problems occur when the seized object is part of an investigation of IT-related criminality. We have used methodological investigations of Swedish laws, legal usage, and the preliminary work with laws. Further have three interviews been made with different actors affected by or involved in seize of objects. These persons were a police officer, a public prosecutor, and a person whose object has been seized.

The result we present is that there exist three kinds of problems related to objects that are seized within the demarcation of this study. The problems can be formal, and related to the Swedish laws; the problem can also be technical, where e.g. encryption can make the seized object impossible to understand or interpret; and the problem can also be humanly related.

The conclusion is that the seize of objects, that are IT-related in some way, is a challenge for the Swedish judical system.


Sammanfattning

Denna uppsats tar sin utgångspunkt i 7 kap 1§ rättegångsbalken.

"Föremål, som skäligen kan antagas äga betydelse för utredning om brott eller vara genom brott någon avhänt eller på grund av brott förverkat, må tagas i beslag."

Vi har undersökt vilka problem som blir aktuella vid beslagtagande av egendom och gjort en huvudsaklig avgränsning mot IT-relaterade beslag. Dels har rättssamhället ett intresse av att utreda brott, dels har den enskilde medborgaren en rättighet att inte bli kränkt, och sedan måste hänsyn tas till tredje man. Vi har intervjuat tre olika medverkande i ett beslag som görs med stöd av 7 kap 1§ rättegångsbalken, vilka är åklagaren, polisen och en som drabbats av ett beslag.

Vidare har vi tagit del av några rättsfall för att se vilka olika problem som kan bli aktuella. Vi redovisar t ex det i media mycket uppmärksammade fallet om fildelningssajten Pirate Bay, samt fallet med TV4-journalisten och juristen Trond Sefastsson. I fallet Pirate Bay var det tredje man som ansåg sig drabbats och i TV4-journalistens fall, ansåg Sefastsson sig ha material som var källskyddat på den beslagtagna datorn.

Vi har också uppmärksammat ett fall där polisen har återskapat sms-meddelanden som blev en tung del i bevisningen.

När vi tittat närmare på barnpornografisk verksamhet kan brottets grad urskiljas genom att bla se på mängden bilder. Mängden bilder påverkar straffets omfattning. Använder en misstänkt brottsling t ex sig av kryptering och lösenordsfiler så kan solen kallna innan polisen ens är i närheten av att knäcka koden.

Vi har även läst och redovisat några aktuella utlåtanden från Justitieombudsmannen och Justitiekanslern. T ex skriver JK i ett beslut den 19 december 2007 angående fallet Trond Sefastsson att det inte inleder någon förundersökning mot efterforskningsbeslutet. Hela beslutet presenteras i en bilaga.

Vi menar att det finns tre olika sorters problem vid beslag: Formella, mänskliga och tekniska, där vi ser det tekniska problemet som det svåraste att komma till rätta med.

Rättsväsendet gör vissa försök att minska problem vid beslag, t ex har Domstolsverket under 2007 startat ett projekt med en domarskola för att höja utbildningskvaliteten på domare. Regeringen har för avsikt att tillsätta en utredning för att se över polisens möjlighet till att få ta del av Internet användares IP-adresser.

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7

Ebadi, Solmaz, and Mirja Johansson. "Music File Sharing : Genius Technology or Copyright Infringement?" Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Commercial Law, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-7598.

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Today’s technology of music file sharing in peer-to-peer networks is genius. Peer-to-peer are networks composed of several computers enabling files to be shared among users. A substantial part of the files shared constitute unlawful copies; uploading and downloading of such files infringes copyright legislation. File sharing through peer-to-peer networks is therefore both a genius technology and a copyright infringement.

Peer-to-peer technology has been subject to heavy debate in media, both nationally and internationally. The issue of illegal downloads of music is an international dilemma since music is a global commodity. Sweden has been accused of being file sharers’ haven by organisations such as the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). Internet access and broadband capacity is very high in Sweden, which is a reason why many Swedes engage in file sharing. The Swedish company, The Pirate Bay, is the creator of one of the most popular file sharing websites in the world, using the BitTorrent application. The website offers free downloading of inter alia music, films and software. Like most peer-to-peer networks the Pirate Bay website includes copyrighted material, which often is published without the consent of copyright holders. As a result The Pirate Bay is facing a lawsuit on behalf of numerous organisations and companies in the music and film industry.

The Pirate Bay is accused of contributory infringement and of preparation to commit a copyright infringement according to the Swedish Copyright Act (SwCA).  Contrary to the American copyright legislation, the SwCA does not contain any explicit provisions regarding contributory infringement. The SwCA refers to the Swedish Criminal Code, which states that preparation to copyright infringement and contributing to such infringement is illegal and punishable. There is currently a lack of Swedish case law regarding copyright infringement and there are no cases concerning contributory infringement. One reason is that the field of law is constantly changing; the copyright legislation is adjusted to the technological developments. The lack of case law causes unpredictability of the SwCA, which may be harmful to the rule of law. International organisations, such as the RIAA, consider the SwCA to be somewhat ineffective and that it needs to be amended in order to uphold the fundamental purpose of copyright.

Copyright is a partly harmonised area of law from a global perspective. However, since the Internet and file sharing through peer-to-peer networks is an international phenomenon, copyright legislation needs further harmonisation internationally. At the time there is an ongoing process of implementing the European Union (EU) Enforcement Directive into the SwCA, which grants greater rights to copyright holders. The Directive contains provisions that simplify the process of taking action against an alleged infringer, which may in the long run increase the amount of case law in Sweden. At the same time the implementation of the Enforcement Directive has been criticised as being too far reaching and intruding people’s privacy.

File sharing through peer-to-peer networks benefits consumers by offering easy access to a wide range of music for a low cost, at the same time enabling artists to reach out to a larger audience. Consumers are vital for the music industry, since they purchase the music. However, the fundamental aim of copyright is to reward copyright holders and function as an incentive to encourage creativity. Consequently, without economic rights the incentive to create is forfeit and music production might decrease. Even if the justification of copyright is primarily to protect creators of a work, it is also essential to emphasise the consumer aspect. Therefore it is of importance to balance the interests of all parties involved.

In order to uphold the purpose of copyright and interests of the general public, it is necessary to promote and develop more legal file sharing alternatives. Music in digital formats has to some extent replaced the traditional Compact Disc (CD) format. Therefore the music industry must cooperate with among others Internet Service Providers (ISPs) in order to embrace the digital developments of music and offer better solutions to consumers. Simultaneously, there is a lack of knowledge of copyright among the Swedish population, which is why more education is required. In conclusion, advertisement and education could decrease illegal file sharing and enhance all the parties’ interests.


Dagens fildelningsteknologi i peer-to-peer nätverk är genial. Peer-to-peer är nätverk bestående av flera sammankopplade datorer som möjliggör fildelning mellan användare. En betydande mängd av de delade filerna utgör dock olagliga kopior; uppladdning och nedladdning av sådana filer bryter mot upphovsrättslagstiftningen. Fildelning genom peer-to-peer nätverk är därför både genial teknologi och upphovsrättsintrång.

Peer-to-peer teknologin har väckt stor debatt i media, både nationellt och internationellt. Frågan kring illegal nedladdning av musik är ett internationellt dilemma eftersom musik är en global handelsvara. Sverige har kritiserats av organisationer som Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) för att vara en frizon för fildelare. Tillgången till internet och bredband är väldigt hög i Sverige, vilket är en anledning till varför många svenskar fildelar. Det svenska företaget The Pirate Bay som använder sig av BitTorrent protokollet, är skapare till en av världens populäraste fildelningssajter. Webbsidan erbjuder gratis nedladdning av bland annat musik, film och programvara. I likhet med de flesta peer-to-peer nätverk innehåller The Pirate Bay’s hemsida upphovsrättsskyddat material som ofta har blivit tillgängliggjort utan upphovsrättshavarens medgivande. Till följd av detta har ett flertal organisationer och företag inom musik- och filmindustrin ingett en stämningsansökan mot The Pirate Bay.        

The Pirate Bay är åtalade för medhjälp och förberedelse till brott mot upphovsrättslagen. I motsats till den amerikanska lagen om upphovsrätt innehåller inte den svenska upphovsrättslagen några uttryckliga bestämmelser rörande medhjälp till brott mot upphovsrätt. Upphovsrättslagen hänvisar istället till brottsbalken som stadgar att förberedelse och medverkan till brott är olagligt och straffbart. I dagsläget finns endast ett fåtal svenska rättsfall angående upphovsrättsintrång men inga fall kring medhjälp till upphovsrättsintrång. En bidragande faktor kan vara att rättsområdet ständigt ändras; upphovsrättslagstiftningen anpassas kontinuerligt till den tekniska utvecklingen. Bristen på svenska rättsfall leder till att upphovsrättslagens tillämpning blir oförutsägbar, vilket kan vara skadligt för rättsäkerheten. Internationella organisationer som exempelvis RIAA anser att den svenska upphovsrättslagen är ineffektiv och att ändringar behöver göras för att upprätthålla upphovsrättens grundläggande syfte.      

Upphovsrätten är till viss del en harmoniserad lagstiftning ur ett globalt perspektiv. Eftersom internet och fildelning genom peer-to-peer nätverk är ett internationellt fenomen behöver upphovsrättslagen ytterligare harmonisering på ett internationellt plan. I dagsläget pågår en implementering av Europeiska Unionens (EU:s) sanktionsdirektiv som tillerkänner större rättigheter till upphovsrättshavare. Direktivet innehåller bestämmelser som förenklar möjligheten för rättighetshavare att vidta åtgärder mot personer som begår upphovsrättsintrång, vilket på sikt kan komma att bidra till en ökad mängd rättsfall. Sanktionsdirektivet har samtidigt kritiserats för att vara alltför långtgående och inskränker människors rätt till privatliv.

Fildelning genom peer-to-peer nätverk är förmånligt för konsumenter genom att utbudet av musik är stort, lättillgängligt och till en låg kostnad; samtidigt ger nätverken artister möjligheten att nå ut till en bredare publik. Konsumenter är nödvändiga för musikindustrin eftersom de inhandlar musiken. Dock är det viktigt att upprätthålla det fundamentala syftet med upphovsrätt, vilket är att ersätta upphovsrättshavaren för sitt verk och fungera som ett incitament till att stimulera skapade. Utan de ekonomiska rättigheterna skulle uppmuntran att skapa nya alster gå förlorad, och musikproduktionen skulle minska. Trots att upphovsrätten rättfärdigas genom att skydda rättighetshavare så är det även angeläget att understryka värdet av konsumenterna. Det är därför av stor vikt att balansera samtliga parters intressen.

Det är nödvändigt att marknadsföra och utveckla fler lagliga fildelningsalternativ för att upprätthålla upphovsrättens syfte och samhällets intresse. Digital musik har till viss del ersatt det traditionella Compact Disc (CD) formatet. Musikindustrin måste därför samarbeta med bland annat internetleverantörer för att ta till sig den digitala utvecklingen av musik och erbjuda bättre lösningar till konsumenter. För närvarade har den svenska befolkningen otillräckliga kunskaper inom upphovsrätt, varför mer utbildning behövs. Avslutningsvis, skulle marknadsföring och utbildning kunna bidra till en minskning av den illegala fildelningen och gynna alla parters intressen.       

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Andersson, Jonas. "Peer-to-peer-based file-sharing beyond the dichotomy of 'downloading is theft' vs. 'information wants to be free': how Swedish file-sharers motivate their action." Thesis, Goldsmiths College (University of London), 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.523114.

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This thesis aims to offer a comprehensive analysis of peer-to-peer-based file-sharing by focusing on the discourses about use, agency and motivation involved, and how they interrelate with the infrastructural properties of file-sharing. Peer-to-peer-based file-sharing is here defined as the unrestricted duplication of digitised media content between autonomous end-nodes on the Internet. It has become an extremely popular pastime, largely involving music, film, games and other media which is copied without the permission of the copyright holders. Due to its illegality, the popular understanding of the phenomenon tends to overstate its conflictual elements, framing it within a legalistic 'copyfight'. This is most markedly manifested in the dichotomised image of file-sharers as 'pirates' allegedly opposed to the entertainment industry. The thesis is an attempt to counter this dichotomy by using a more heterodox synthesis of perspectives, aiming to assimilate the phenomenon's complex intermingling of technological, infrastructural, economic and political factors. The geographic context of this study is Sweden, a country characterised by early broadband penetration and subsequently widespread unrestricted file-sharing, paralleled by a lively and well-informed public debate. This gives geographic specificity and further context to the file-sharers' own justificatory discourses, serving to highlight and problematise some principal assumptions about the phenomenon. The thesis thus serves as a geographically contained case study which will have analytical implications outside of its immediate local context, and as an inquiry into two aspects of file-sharer argumentation: the ontological understandings of digital technology and the notion of agency. These, in turn, relate to particular forms of sociality in late modernity. Although the agencies and normative forces involved are innumerable, controversies about agency tend to order themselves in a more comprehensive way, as they are appropriated discursively. The invocation to agency that is found in the justificatory discourses - both in the public debate and among individual respondents - thus allows for a more productive and critically attentive understanding of the phenomenon than previously
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9

Bertuzzi, Erica. "Storia del peer-to-peer e analisi del suo impatto mediatico." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.

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Storia della nascita e dell'evoluzione del peer-to-peer, da Napster alle criptovalute, seguita da un analisi di come le applicazioni del peer-to-peer (file-sharing e Bitcoin) sono state dipinte da giornali e riviste italiani, nonchè delle diatribe e processi legali correlati a questo modello.
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10

Schwabegger, Robin. "Svenska sociala medietjänster : En studie om svenska sociala medietjänsters uppkomst och hur de gynnas av det svenska klimatet." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Medier och kommunikation, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-124527.

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AbstractTitle: Swedish social media services (A study about Swedish social media services birth andhow they benefit from the Swedish climate)Number of pages: 38Author: Robin SchwabeggerTutor: Else NygrenCourse: Media and Communication Science CPeriod: Fall 2009University: Division of Informatics and Media, Uppsala University.Purpose/Aim: To see if the Swedish advantage or interest in developing new social mediaservices and networks has anything to do with our society. With society I mean our culture,attitudes and history. Do people, especially young people, have a more positive attitudetowards the Internet and has the fact that we, as a country, were among the first to use theInternet anything to do with it.Material/Method: Data collected from books, newspapers and articles from several sites onthe internet. I’ll use the information I’ve gathered to try to find an answer to my givenproblems for the paper. To mark off my problem and information gathering I’ve decided touse three research questions which my work will circle around.Main Result: You can clearly tell that Sweden has a great climate for social media services tobe created. Sweden, as a country, had access to computers and internet in a very early stageand took great advantage of that. Their culture encourages creativity which is important andpeople in Sweden aren’t afraid to run into problems. Teenagers start uses internet in a veryearly age and they have a higher percent of daily usage then other countries.Keyword: File-sharing, Social media, Sweden, Skype, Spotify, Voddler, The Pirate Bay,Communication, Internet, Culture, Users, Consumers, Developers, Hofstede, Hartley
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Books on the topic "The Pirat Bay"

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Hoffman, Mary. Pirate baby. London, England: Otter-Barry Books, 2017.

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illustrator, Ivanov A. (Aleksey), Ivanov O. (Olga) illustrator, and Anderson Marilyn Emma illustrator, eds. The pirate of Creole Bay. White Bear Lake, Minnesota: FishingKids, 2012.

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Copyright Paperback Collection (Library of Congress), ed. Pirate tycoon, forbidden baby. Toronto: Harlequin, 2009.

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Kenny, Janette. Pirate tycoon, forbidden baby. Toronto: Harlequin, 2009.

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Rydell, Anders. Piraterna: Historien om the Pirate Bay, Piratpartiet och Piratbyrån. Stockholm: Ordfront, 2010.

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(cover), Jens Magnusson, and Lena Gustafsson (layout), eds. Piraterna: Historien om The Pirate Bay, Piratpartiet och Piratbyrån. Stockholm, Sweden: Ordfront förlag, 2010.

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Pribac, Bert. The Bay of Piran belongs to Piran: On the border dispute between Slovenia and Croatia. Koper: Bert Pribac with assistance from Olijka and KMK Box, 2011.

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Brunetti, Marcelo Correia. Mercês: Do túnel do pirata ao Bar Botafogo. Curitiba: Fundação Cultural de Curitiba, 1985.

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Tanase, Virgil. Le bal sur la goélette du pirate aveugle. [Paris]: Gallimard, 1987.

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Walter, Scott. The pirate. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "The Pirat Bay"

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Cataldi, Giuseppe. "Prospects for the Judicial Settlement of the Dispute Between Croatia and Slovenia Over Piran Bay." In International Courts and the Development of International Law, 257–68. The Hague, The Netherlands: T. M. C. Asser Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-6704-894-1_20.

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Beyer, Jessica L. "The Pirate Bay." In Expect Us, 55–75. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199330751.003.0003.

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Netanel, Neil Weinstock. "Copyright in the International Arena." In Copyright. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780199941148.003.0007.

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Copyright markets are global in scope. U.S.-based copyright industries (some of which are multinational conglomerates) earn a significant share of their revenues from exports. Social media also transcend national borders. So do notorious file-sharing sites like Pirate Bay. United States copyright industries complain bitterly that...
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"Piran Bay (Sloven. Piranski Zaliv, cr. Piranski Zaljev)." In The Adriatic Sea Encyclopedia, 271–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50032-0_433.

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Nhan, Johnny, and Alesandra Garbagnati. "Policing of Movie and Music Piracy." In Digital Rights Management, 1144–61. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2136-7.ch056.

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Ongoing skirmishes between mainstream Hollywood entertainment conglomerates and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing networks recently reached a crescendo when a Swedish court convicted members of the world’s largest BitTorrent, The Pirate Bay, and handed out the stiffest sentence to date.1 Four operators of The Pirate Bay received one year imprisonments and fines totaling $30 million, including confiscation of equipment. While this verdict sent shockwaves amongst P2P networks, piracy remains rampant, and this incident further exacerbated relations between file sharers and Hollywood. In retaliation, supporters of P2P file-sharing attacked websites of the law firms representing the Hollywood studios (Johnson, 2009). This victory by Hollywood studios may be a Pyrrhic defeat in the long run if the studios do not soften their antagonistic relations with the public. This chapter explores structural and cultural conflicts amongst security actors that make fighting piracy extremely difficult. In addition, it considers the role of law enforcement, government, industries, and the general public in creating long-term security models.
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Nhan, Johnny, and Alesandra Garbagnati. "Policing of Movie and Music Piracy." In Corporate Hacking and Technology-Driven Crime, 87–104. IGI Global, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-61692-805-6.ch005.

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Ongoing skirmishes between mainstream Hollywood entertainment conglomerates and Peer-to-Peer (P2P) file-sharing networks recently reached a crescendo when a Swedish court convicted members of the world’s largest BitTorrent, The Pirate Bay, and handed out the stiffest sentence to date.1 Four operators of The Pirate Bay received one year imprisonments and fines totaling $30 million, including confiscation of equipment. While this verdict sent shockwaves amongst P2P networks, piracy remains rampant, and this incident further exacerbated relations between file sharers and Hollywood. In retaliation, supporters of P2P file-sharing attacked websites of the law firms representing the Hollywood studios (Johnson, 2009). This victory by Hollywood studios may be a Pyrrhic defeat in the long run if the studios do not soften their antagonistic relations with the public. This chapter explores structural and cultural conflicts amongst security actors that make fighting piracy extremely difficult. In addition, it considers the role of law enforcement, government, industries, and the general public in creating long-term security models.
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Larsson, Stefan. "Platform, Storage or Bulletin Board? The Swedish Pirate Bay Court Case." In Conceptions in the Code, 129–58. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190650384.003.0006.

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Murray, Andrew. "12. Copyright infringement in the digital environment." In Information Technology Law, 305–29. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198804727.003.0012.

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This chapter analyses cases of copyright infringement in the online environment. It begins by analysing some early cases regarding file-sharing technologies, including A&M Records, Inc. v Napster, Inc., MGM Studios, Inc. v Grokster, Ltd, and Sweden v Neij et al. (the Pirate Bay case). It assesses new techniques for fighting illegal file-sharing, such as blocking access to websites offering file-sharing technology or indexes with a focus on the operation of s. 97A website blocking orders. It examines the recent Supreme Court decision in Cartier International v British Sky Broadcasting which will have substantial implications for costs in these orders. Finally, it describes the slightly controversial process known as speculative invoicing.
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"A transboundary marine protected area to help resolve the Piran Bay border dispute." In Marine Transboundary Conservation and Protected Areas, 123–43. Routledge, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315724270-15.

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Dewani, Nisha Dhanraj. "Internet Service Provider Liability in Relation to P2P Sites." In Advances in Electronic Government, Digital Divide, and Regional Development, 173–90. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5984-9.ch008.

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Different systems require different levels of security according to the services they provide to their users. Cyberspace is the alliance of various networks together connected through internet service providers (ISPs). However, the alliance of these networks often faces security issues. Some use the internet as a path for illegal activities such as breaching of others computer or networks, damaging and stealing information, and blocking or denying legitimate users from services they subscribe. So, the purpose of this chapter is to review the responsibilities of ISPs in securing their customers' network, and find out whether there are legal provisions, or liabilities that are bindings on the ISPs to provide security for their customers. What protections are envisaged under the umbrella of safe harbors? Are ISPs responsible for end users' network security? The Swedish Court recently found The Pirate Bay (TPB) guilty of making copyright works available. Finally, this chapter will analyze the issues raised in the TPB along with ISPs liability.
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Conference papers on the topic "The Pirat Bay"

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Perisic, Petra. "MARITIME DELIMITATION BETWEEN THE REPUBLIC OF CROATIA AND THE REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA IN THE BAY OF PIRAN." In 2nd Law & Political Science Conference, Prague. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/lpc.2018.002.010.

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Panayotov, Dobromir. "Westinghouse Realistic BWR Control Rod Drop Accidents Methodology Using POLCA-T Code." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48551.

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The paper focuses on the activities pursued by Westinghouse in the development and licensing of POLCA-T code Control Rod Drop Accident (CRDA) Methodology. The following aspects of CRDA Methodology are considered: • Parameter Sensitivities based on Phenomena Identification and Ranking Tables (PIRT), • Qualification data base, • Cycle specific analysis, • Limiting initial conditions for transient simulation and CRDA transient simulation, • Sensitivity studies, • Uncertainty analysis and • Estimation of the methodology conservatism. The qualification data base of the methodology consists of single parameter confirmation, separate effects and integral test. It includes the PHOENIX and POLCA7 codes qualifications; POLCA-T qualification against the NEACRP-L-335 3D LWR Core Transient benchmark; simulations of the Peach Bottom EOC 2 Turbine Trip tests and SPERT-IIIE power excursion tests. The comprehensive CRDA methodology that utilizes PHOENIX4/POLCA7/POLCA-T calculation chain foresees complete cycle-specific analysis. The methodology consists of determination of candidates of control rods (CR) that could cause a significant reactivity excursion if dropped throughout the entire fuel cycle, selection of limiting initial conditions for CRDA transient simulation and transient simulation itself. The primary parameter utilized to determine the most limiting rod drop positions and candidates is the dropped control rod incremental reactivity worth. Example of scoping calculations covering three cycle exposures beginning-of-cycle BOC, middle-of-cycle (MOC), and end-of-cycle EOC and reactor states from cold critical to the end of followed CR sequence or up to 10% of rated power are presented. The dynamic response to the dropped control rod and the subsequent consequences to the fuel are evaluated by POLCA-T code. Selection of the limiting initial conditions covers the states along the lower limit of the typical plant startup region. Considered conditions start from 1 bar pressure and 20°C inlet temperature and go up to 70 bar and 274°C. It was observed that there are initial conditions that produce an extreme peak power value. It was also realized that there are initial conditions that produce an extreme peak fuel enthalpy value. Due to the complicated feedback mechanisms those initial conditions are not necessarily the same for the extreme values of the peak power and the fuel enthalpy. The Westinghouse methodology utilizes state-of-the-art methods. Unnecessary conservatisms in the methodology have been avoided to allow the accurate prediction of margin to design bases. This is mainly achieved by using the POLCA-T code for dynamic CRDA evaluations. The code belongs to the same calculation chain that is used for core design. Thus the very same reactor, core, cycle and fuel data base is used. This allows also reducing the uncertainties of input data and parameters that determine the energy deposition in the fuel. Uncertainty treatment, very selective use of conservatisms, selection of the initial conditions for limiting case analyses, incorporation into POLCA-T code models of the licensed fuel performance code are also among the means of performing realistic CRDA transient analyses.
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