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Journal articles on the topic 'The Pleistocene periglacial zone'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Nesic, Dragan, and Uros Milincic. "The lower altitudinal limit of the periglacial climazonal belt on Kopaonik Mountain (Serbia)." Glasnik Srpskog geografskog drustva 99, no. 1 (2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsgd1901001n.

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The morphostructural relief of the highest parts of the central Kopaonik Mt was altered by exogenous agents, by denudation as a primary and periglacial processes as a secondary agent. Previous geomorphological studies were mostly focused on the traces of the Pleistocene glaciation, although no reliable evidence was found for this. Recent research, in the part of the mountain above 1,700 m of absolute height, points to geomorphological phenomena resulting from more recent processes within the periglacial environment. By means of geomorphological reconnaissance, analysis and mapping of the highest part of the Kopaonik mountain massif, forms of relief were studied, the ones that according to their morphology correspond to the periglacial forms and processes described in the conditions of high latitudes and high mountains. Determining the spatial coverage of the periglacial belt, especially its lower limit on Kopaonik Mt, is important for understan-ding the distribution of this climatic morphology both in Serbia and in South East Europe. The research contributes to one of the primary aims of exploring the concept of the periglacial zone, in terms of the regional distribution of its specific relief forms.

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Konstantinov, Alexandr, Sergey Loiko, Alina Kurasova, Elizaveta Konstantinova, Andrey Novoselov, Georgy Istigechev, and Sergey Kulizhskiy. "First Findings of Buried Late-Glacial Paleosols within the Dune Fields of the Tomsk Priobye Region (SE Western Siberia, Russia)." Geosciences 9, no. 2 (February 12, 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9020082.

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Buried soils within aeolian deposits are considered an important tool for diagnosing, determining the age, and estimating the intensity of aeolian processes at the transition from the Pleistocene to the Holocene in the Northern Hemisphere. Late Pleistocene aeolian coversands and ancient inland dunes are widely distributed in the periglacial zone of Western Siberia. In contrast to the territories of Central and Eastern Europe, the paleosol archive of the aeolian sands and dunes of Western Siberia has not yet been studied. This paper presents the first findings of late Pleistocene paleosols within the ancient inland dunes in the southeast of Western Siberia (Ob–Tomsk interfluve, Tomsk region). The soils and their stratigraphic position were studied in the outcrop of the quarry, located in the junction zone of the second Tom river terraces and the ancient valley. Two types of paleosols were identified. The first one is confined to the central part of a small dune and is represented by a slightly developed Albic Arenosol with fragmentary humus horizon Ahb and a well-pronounced Eb. It can probably be considered as an analogue of the European Usselo soil. The second paleosol was found at the bottom of the interdune depression. It is represented by a brown Bwb horizon and probably corresponds to a Brunic Arenosol (Dystric). The second paleosol is characterized by a higher content of clay fraction and organic carbon, the presence of weak signs of illuviation, and richer and more diverse mineral composition. This soil is apparently an analogue of the European Finow soil. Radiocarbon dating of the charcoals found in the paleosols suggests that the first dates from the Younger Dryas (ca. 12,036 cal. yr. BP), and the second one from the Allerød (ca. 13,355 cal. yr. BP). The study results propose that the natural environment in the periglacial zone of the south of Western Siberia was generally similar to those in Central and Eastern Europe, and the activation of aeolian processes, which led to the formation of a dune relief, occurred at about the same time.

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Hughes, P. D., J. C. Woodward, and P. L. Gibbard. "Quaternary glacial history of the Mediterranean mountains." Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 30, no. 3 (July 2006): 334–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0309133306pp481ra.

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Glacial and periglacial landforms are widespread in the mountains of the Mediterranean region. The evidence for glacial and periglacial activity has been studied for over 120 years and it is possible to identify three phases of development in this area of research. First, a pioneer phase characterized by initial descriptive observations of glacial landforms; second, a mapping phase whereby the detailed distribution of glacial landforms and sediments have been depicted on geomorphological maps; and, third, an advanced phase characterized by detailed understanding of the geochronology of glacial sequences using radiometric dating alongside detailed sedimentological and stratigraphical analyses. It is only relatively recently that studies of glaciated mountain terrains in the Mediterranean region have reached an advanced phase and it is now clear from radiometric dating programmes that the Mediterranean mountains have been glaciated during multiple glacial cycles. The most extensive phases of glaciation appear to have occurred during the Middle Pleistocene. This represents a major shift from earlier work whereby many glacial sequences were assumed to have formed during the last cold stage. Glacial and periglacial deposits from multiple Quaternary cold stages constitute a valuable palaeoclimatic record. This is especially so in the Mediterranean mountains, since mountain glaciers in this latitudinal zone would have been particularly sensitive to changes in the global climate system.

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4

SHIMIZU, Chousei. "Altitudinal Boundary between Periglacial and Non-Periglacial Zones in the Last Glacial Age Reconstructed from Distribution of Periglacial Slopes and Pleistocene Tephra Layers, Northeastern Japan." Geographical Review of Japa,. Ser. A, Chirigaku Hyoron 65, no. 2 (1992): 158–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4157/grj1984a.65.2_158.

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5

Martin, Jean-Philippe, and Daniel Germain. "Late-glacial and Holocene evolution as a driver of diversity and complexity of the northeastern North American alpine landscapes: a synthesis." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 53, no. 5 (May 2016): 494–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2016-0004.

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Mid-altitude, mid-latitude mountains are complex environments owing to their Pleistocene glacial heritage, the importance of geomorphic processes on the steep slopes, and the climatic conditions that are often close to periglacial. These factors, along with the fragmentation of the alpine habitats, enhance the topographic and floristic diversity of these environments in northeastern North America. Through case studies, this synthesis underlines the interactions between the geosphere (glacial, paraglacial, and periglacial processes), the atmosphere (climatic fluctuations), and the biosphere (vegetation establishment and evolution to the present day) that explain the low elevation of the northeastern North American alpine environment and that testify to its complexity. Vegetation established earlier in the southern ranges, following the same general trend as the Laurentian Ice Sheet recession. However, local factors such as ice retreat, response to global-scale climate changes, and paraglacial processes acted in synergy to increase the resilience and to influence the occurrence of alpine landscapes. The establishment of the latter environment can therefore be considered to be azonal. Finally, our findings highlight the lack of a conceptual framework, systemic studies, and multi-proxy reconstructions of alpine environments located at the limit of bioclimatic zones controlled by the equilibrium between biostatic and rhexistatic regimes.

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6

HALL, Adrian M., Jon W. MERRITT, E. Rodger CONNELL, and Alun HUBBARD. "Early and Middle Pleistocene environments, landforms and sediments in Scotland." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 110, no. 1-2 (October 4, 2018): 5–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755691018000713.

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ABSTRACTThis paper reviews the changing environments, developing landforms and terrestrial stratigraphy during the Early and Middle Pleistocene stages in Scotland. Cold stages after 2.7 Ma brought mountain ice caps and lowland permafrost, but larger ice sheets were short-lived. The late Early and Middle Pleistocene sedimentary record found offshore indicates more than 10 advances of ice sheets from Scotland into the North Sea but only 4–5 advances have been identified from the terrestrial stratigraphy. Two primary modes of glaciation, mountain ice cap and full ice sheet modes, can be recognised. Different zones of glacial erosion in Scotland reflect this bimodal glaciation and the spatially and temporally variable dynamics at glacier beds. Depths of glacial erosion vary from almost zero in Buchan to hundreds of metres in glens in the western Highlands and in basins both onshore and offshore. The presence of tors and blockfields indicates repeated development of patches of cold-based, non-erosive glacier ice on summits and plateaux. In lowlands, chemical weathering continued to operate during interglacials, but gruss-type saprolites are mainly of Pliocene to Early Pleistocene age. The Middle Pleistocene terrestrial stratigraphic record in Scotland, whilst fragmentary and poorly dated, provides important and accessible evidence of changing glacial, periglacial and interglacial environments over at least three stadial–interstadial–interglacial cycles. The distributions of blockfields and tors and the erratic contents of glacial sediments indicate that the configuration, thermal regime and pattern of ice flow during MIS 6 were broadly comparable to those of the last ice sheet. Improved control over the ages of Early and Middle Pleistocene sediments, soils and saprolites and on long-term rates of weathering and erosion, combined with information on palaeoenvironments, ice extent and sea level, will in future allow development and testing of new models of Pleistocene tectonics, isostasy, sea-level change and ice sheet dynamics in Scotland.

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Pisarska-Jamroży, Małgorzata. "Factors controlling sedimentation in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley during the Pomeranian phase of the Weichselian glaciation: an overview." Geologos 21, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 1–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/logos-2015-0001.

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Abstract During the Pleistocene the Scandinavian ice sheet drained huge quantities of sediment-laden meltwaters. These meltwaters supplied ice-marginal valleys that formed parallel to the front of the ice sheet. Not without significance was the supply of ice-marginal valleys from extraglacial rivers in the south. Moreover, periglacial conditions during and after sedimentation in ice-marginal valleys, the morphology of valley bedrocks, and erosion of older sediments played important roles in the depositional scenarios, and in the mineralogical composition of the sediments. The mechanisms that controlled the supply and deposition in ice-marginal valleys were analysed on the basis of a Pleistocene ice-marginal valley that was supplied by northern and southern source areas in the immediate vicinity. Investigations were conducted in one of the largest ice-marginal valleys of the Polish-German lowlands, i.e., the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley, in sandurs (Drawa and Gwda) supplied sediments and waters from the north into this valley, and on extraglacial river terraces (pre-Noteć and pre-Warta rivers), formed simultaneously with the sandurs and ice-marginal valley (Pomeranian phase of Weichselian glaciation) supplied sediments and waters from the south into this valley. A much debated question is how similar, or different, depositional processes and sediments were that contributed to the formation of the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley, and whether or not it is possible to differentiate mostly rapidly aggraded sandur sediments from ice-marginal valley sediments. Another question addresses the contribution of extraglacial feeding of the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley. These matters were addressed by a wide range of analyses: sediment texture and structure, architectural elements of sediments, frequency of sedimentary successions, heavy-mineral analysis (both transparent and opaque heavy minerals), analysis of rounding and frosting of quartz grains, and palaeohydrological calculations. Additionally, a statistical analysis was used. The specific depositional conditions of distribution of sediments in ice-marginal valley allow to distinguish new environment of ice-marginal valley braided river. The spectrum of depositional conditions in the Toruń-Eberswalde ice-marginal valley and their specific palaeohydraulic parameters allow to distinguish three coexisting zones in the ice-marginal valley braided-river system: (1) deep gravel-bed braided channel zone with extensive scours, (2) deep sand-bed braided channel zone with transverse bars, and (3) marginal sand-bed and gravel-bed braided channel zone with diamicton and breccia deposition, which were characterised in detail. Some of the results have been published previously, which is why they are discussed in the present paper within the context of new data

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HALFFTER, GONZALO, MARIO ZUNINO, VICTOR MOCTEZUMA, and JOSÉ L. SÁNCHEZ-HUERTA. "The integration processes of the distributional patterns in the Mexican Transition Zone: Phyletic, paleogeographic and ecological factors of a case study." Zootaxa 4586, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4586.1.1.

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In this study, we take the Onthophagus chevrolati species group, likely a monophyletic species group as an example to analyze the processes that led to the biogeographic integration of the Holarctic fauna in the mountains of the Mexican Transition Zone to test our biogeographic hypotheses. We propose a change from the status of subspecies to species for O. oaxacanus Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new status; O. howdeni Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new status; O. jaliscensis Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new status; O. longecarinatus Zunino & Halffter, 1988 new status; O. omiltemius Bates, 1889 revised status; and O. retusus Harold, 1869 revised status. Consequently, the O. chevrolati group of species is currently made up of 47 species belonging to four species lines: O. vespertilio, O. hippopotamus, O. cyanellus and O. chevrolati. The diversification of the Onthophagus chevrolati species group in this region resulted from three hypothetical stages of evolution. In the first, the penetration and expansion of the ancestor of the O. chevrolati species group occurred before the Miocene and the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt arose. During the second stage, the O. hippopotamus species line expanded and evolved, integrating with the paleogeographic changes and the formation of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, as a consequence of volcanism during the Miocene-Pliocene. In the third and most recent stage, the O. chevrolati species line used the existing mountain systems and interglacial climate fluctuations of the Pleistocene to expand and diversify. Thus, the mountains of the Mexican Transition Zone are not simply periglacial refugia. The entomofauna of Holarctic origin present in the region evolved while the Earth’s geological processes were underway.

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9

Wierzbicki, Grzegorz, Mateusz Grygoruk, Maria Grodzka-Łukaszewska, Piotr Bartold, and Tomasz Okruszko. "Mire Development and Disappearance due to River Capture as Hydrogeological and Geomorphological Consequences of LGM Ice-Marginal Valley Evolution at the Vistula-Neman Watershed." Geosciences 10, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10090363.

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The advances and retreats of ice sheets during Pleistocene significantly changed high- and mid-latitude landscapes and hydrological systems, albeit differently, in North America and Europe. On the southern margin of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the Baltic Sea basin, a specific type of valley has developed between glacial margins and upland or mountain slopes. We studied new geological data (boreholes, electrical resistivity imaging (ERI) from this geomorphic setting in Northeast Poland to understand: (1) how the landscape and river network evolved to eventually produce peat mires during the Holocene, and (2) the nature of groundwater recharge to fens in the upper Biebrza Valley. We present the results on a geological cross-section with hydrogeological interpretation. We also discuss regional geomorphology. In addition, we present the LGM extent derived from a spatial distribution of Vistulian (Weichselian) terminal moraines. These end moraines are also interpreted as Saalian kames. Thus, we additionally present another method of LGM extent delineation from a physicogeographical division. We link the steep slopes of the studied valley walls (kame terrace fronts) with thermokarst erosion in the periglacial zone. We then document the hydrogeological window (DISCONTINUITY in the till layer over the confined aquifer), which enables the outflow of groundwater into the peat bog. Although minerotrophic fen mire development in the study area is likely to be sustained in the near future through sufficient groundwater supply, the projected capture of the Biebrza River by the Neman River will not allow for sustaining peatland development.

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10

Kotov, V. G., and M. M. Rumyantsev. "PALEOLITHIC SITE-WORKSHOP OF AKBULATOVO-3 IN THE MOUNTAIN PART OF THE BELAYA RIVER (BASHKORTOSTAN)." Вестник Пермского университета. История, no. 1(52) (2021): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17072/2219-3111-2021-1-15-34.

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The discovery of the pre-Mousterian monument, dating back to the Middle Pleistocene era, in the mountain-forest zone of the Southern Urals is of great interest both for archaeology, in particular, considering the problem of time and ways of setting on the territory, and for geology, taking into account the dating of the terraces of river valleys in the mountainous part of the region. The site-workshop Akbulatovo-3 is confined to the cover deposits of the III floodplain terrace of the Belaya river, 15 m above the modern level of the river, including pebble and clastic material from quartzite in the deposits of brownish-brown loam of periglacial type of the late Risian time. The collection of items from quartzite (447 items) is represented by a variety of cores: cuboid, orthogonal, sub-cone, and biplatformed. The tools were made both by bifacial processing and on flakes, less often on amorphous plate-like chips. Among them, there are “Acheulean” forms – choppers, peaks, simple scrapers, and “Upper Paleolithic” ones – scrapers, burins, punctures, carvers, and chisel tools. Such a combination of archaic types of tools and cores with “progressive” forms of tools and cores, characteristic of the Moustier and Upper Paleolithic gives grounds to attribute the complex to the end of the Acheulean era or to the beginning of the Moustier. A similar monument, combining the Acheulean types of tools and cores with the Mousterian and Upper Paleolithic ones, was discovered on Lake Turogoyak in the Chelyabinsk region – the site Naves (Island of Vera 6a) at the porphyrite exits. This allows the authors to attribute them to a single technological tradition, called the “Akbulatov type of industry”.

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11

Wachecka-Kotkowska, Lucyna, and Małgorzata Ludwikowska-Kędzia. "Heavy–mineral assemblages from fluvial Pleniglacial deposits of the Piotrków Plateau and the Holy Cross Mountains – a comparative study." Geologos 19, no. 1-2 (May 1, 2013): 131–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2013-0008.

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Abstract The heavy-mineral assemblages of Pleniglacial fluvial sediments were analysed for two river valleys, viz. the Luciąża River (at Kłudzice Nowe) and the Belnianka River (at Słopiec). These sites, on the Piotrków Plateau and in the Holy Cross Mountains respectively, are located in different morphogenetic zones of Poland that were affected to different degrees by the Middle Polish ice sheets. The study was aimed at determining the kind of processes that modified the heavy-mineral assemblages in the two fluvial sediments, at reconstructing the conditions under which these processes took place, and in how far these processes caused changes in the assemblages. The heavy-mineral associations of the parent material was taken as a starting point; this parent material were the sediments left by the Odranian glaciation (Warta stadial = Late Saalian). It was found that heavy-mineral assemblages in the Luciąża valley deposits are varied, particularly if compared with other fluvioglacial Quaternary deposits from the Polish lowlands, with a dominance of garnet. In the fluvial deposits of the Belnianka valley, zircon, staurolite and tourmaline dominate, with minor amounts of amphibole, pyroxene, biotite and garnet. This suggests that the deposits were subject to intensive and/or persistent chemical weathering and underwent several sedimentation/erosion cycles under periglacial conditions. In both valleys chemical weathering and aeolian processes were the main factors that modified the assemblages of the transparent heavy minerals; these processes were largely controlled by the climatic changes during the Pleistocene.

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12

BUTZER, KARL W. "Pleistocene ‘periglacial’ phenomena in southern Africa." Boreas 2, no. 1 (January 16, 2008): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1973.tb00245.x.

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13

Dawes, P. R. "Topographical and geological maps of Hall Land, North Greenland. Description of a computer- supported photogrammetrical research programme for production of new maps, and the Lower Palaeozoic and surficial geology." Bulletin Grønlands Geologiske Undersøgelse 155 (January 1, 1987): 1–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.34194/bullggu.v155.6697.

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Topographical and geological map sheets covering the northern part of Hall Land (81-82°N) are presented – an area of about 3000 km2. The maps are the products of a research programme in which newly developed photogrammetric techniques have been used in the interpretation and compilation of the topography and the geology (both solid and surficial). The topographical map has been constructed with a minimum of geodetic ground control. The topographic contours have been calculated from a digital elevation model using computer programmes, and automatically plotted out. The geological map has been hand-drawn from 74 manuscript sheets compiled from aerial photograph models on second-order analog stereo-plotting instruments with computer facilities. The maps, the photogrammetric programme and the solid and surficial geology are described in seven chapters. The first two provide an introductory background that explains the motivation for the research, summarises the history of cartographic, geodetic and geologic work and provides a status of research at the start of the programme. The third chapter discusses the various aspects of the photogrammetric programme, instrumentation and the on-line computer facilities utilised, and is followed by a chapter dealing with compilation method, map presentation and assessment of cartographic accuracy compared to previous maps and modern geodetic ground data. The next chapter describes the topography and geomorphology and relates the three main physiographic provinces to the solid and surficial geology. The penultimate chapter outlines the stratigraphy and structure of the Upper Ordovician-Silurian (Llandovery-Pridoli) section through the E-W trending Franklinian basin. In Ordovician-earliest Silurian time, the map area was part of the carbonate platform; in the Llandovery a major shift southwards of the deep-water basin occurred. The Silurian succession displays a regional facies change from platform carbonates in the south, through a major reef belt on the shelf and upper slope to, in the north, clastic turbidites of the lower slope and trough. Facies transitions and interdigitation of shelf-slope-trough lithologies are complex. The northern part of the map exposes the autochthonous margin of the mid-Palaeozoic North Greenland fold belt characterised by E-W folds. The regional structure is an asymmetric synclinorium; a decollement zone probably occurs in the shale sequence that overlies the Lower Silurian carbonate platform. The final chapter describes eight groups of Quaternary deposits and features: moraine, fluviatile-glaciofluvial, marine, lacustrine, colluvial, solifluction, aeolian and periglacial. Hall Land was formerly entirely ice covered, and deposits of several ice advances are preserved; six major marginal moraine systems are defined. Marine deposits are prominent and terrace levels and raised shorelines are well preserved; the Holocene marine limit is at least 125 m above present sea level. Major events are placed within a Pleistocene-Holocene chronostratigraphic framework. Comments on place names are given in an appendix.

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SPARROW, GERALD W. A. "Some Pleistocene periglacial problems in southern Africa." Boreas 2, no. 3 (January 16, 2008): 103–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1502-3885.1973.tb00249.x.

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15

Barrows, T. "Exposure ages for Pleistocene periglacial deposits in Australia." Quaternary Science Reviews 23, no. 5-6 (March 2004): 697–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.10.011.

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16

Czudek, Tadeáš. "Pleistocene periglacial structures and landforms in Western Czechoslovakia." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 4, no. 1 (January 1993): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430040106.

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17

Marsh, Ben. "Wind-Transverse Corrugations in Pleistocene Periglacial Landscapes of Central Pennsylvania." Quaternary Research 49, no. 2 (March 1998): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/qres.1997.1954.

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Periglacial conditions beyond the Wisconsin glacial limit produced wind-transverse corrugations in east-central Pennsylvania. The corrugations are low, linear ridges typically several hundred meters long, 10–30 m wide, and 3–8 m above the local slope. They are composed of matrix-supported diamictons. Depending upon landscape position, the corrugations form welts, step and risers, or ground-ice-scar ramparts. The average direction normal to the corrugations is clustered at 118°/298°, similar to the late Wisconsin or early Holocene wind direction of 284° measured from a nearby fossil dune field. But the corrugations were neither eroded nor deposited by wind. Rather, they record nivation beside snow that accumulated in wind-transverse patterns. Their wide distribution implies that the region was treeless during the late Wisconsin maximum. Present discontinuities in these and other periglacial features suggest wasting of ice-rich fill in upland valleys, with consequent widening of stream channels and fan growth, at the end of periglacial time.

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18

Bates, Martin R., David H. Keen, and Jean-Pierre Lautridou. "Pleistocene marine and periglacial deposits of the English Channel." Journal of Quaternary Science 18, no. 3-4 (2003): 319–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jqs.747.

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19

Marker, M. E. "FURTHER DATA FOR A PLEISTOCENE PERIGLACIAL GRADIENT IN SOUTHERN AFRICA." Transactions of the Royal Society of South Africa 50, no. 1 (January 1995): 49–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00359199509520329.

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20

Ryabukha, A. G. "Late pleistocene periglacial formations in landscapes of Zavolzhye-Urals region." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 201 (November 21, 2018): 012018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/201/1/012018.

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21

Shafer, David S. "Late Quaternary Landscape Evolution at Flat Laurel Gap, Blue Ridge Mountains, North Carolina." Quaternary Research 30, no. 1 (July 1988): 7–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0033-5894(88)90083-x.

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Analysis of colluvial, fluvial, and bog sediments at Flat Laurel Gap (1500 m) in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina provides a record of late Quaternary landscape evolution. Thermoluminescence (TL) analysis provides the first absolute-age determinations available for presumed periglacial deposits in the southern Appalachian Mountains. The Pleistocene/Holocene transition, dated between 11,900 and 10,100 yr B.P., represents a period of climatic amelioration and a change from colluvial to alluvial processes. A TL date of 7400 ± 1000 yr B.P. for matrix within a block-stream indicates possible early Holocene reworking of Pleistocene periglacial colluvium. Organic sediment deposition in a bog that began about 3400 yr B.P. increased in rate from 0.02 to 0.09 cm/yr with the onset of logging and land clearance about 1880 A.D.

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22

Křížek, Marek. "Surface and Undersurface Phenomena in the Čecher Hill in the Hostýnské vrchy Hills." Geografie 104, no. 3 (1999): 201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37040/geografie1999104030201.

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The author describes surface and undersurface landforms in the Čecher Hill (the Outer Western (Flysch) Carpathians) and outlines their origin and development. The main part of the article focuses on periglacial and pseudokarst (above all a pseudokarst cave in the Čecher Hill) landforms in this area. It also describes periglacial processes in the Pleistocene and the processes of humid character in the Holocene, which formed these landforms. The author takes notice of the relationship between landforms and geological conditions in the area.

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23

Nielsen, Michael Houmark. "Extent and age of Middle and Late Pleistocene glaciations andperiglacial episodes in southern Jylland, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 55 (February 23, 2007): 9–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-2007-55-02.

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New evidence on distribution and chronology of glaciations in southern Jylland is presented. Ten stratigraphic units including four till-formations have been identified in Middle- and Late Pleistocene sediment successions. The timing of successive glaciations and periglacial interludes based on luminescence dating is established for the past c. 200 kyr. The OSL-chronology predicts that deposition of Lillebælt Till (Late Saalian, Warthe Glaciation) occurred at 180-160 kyr. Deglaciation followed and barren periglacial environments existed until beginning of the Eemian. Periglacial conditions were restored c. 115 kyr ago and lasted well into the Middle Weichselian. Expansion of the Scandinavian Ice Sheet through the Baltic depression into southern Jylland caused deposition of Ristinge Klint Till (Ristinge Glaciation) c. 55–50 kyr ago. Glaciers flowed westwards beyond the Main Stationary Line (MSL) and may have terminated along ice showed ridges in the periglacially smoothed landscape east of the present North Sea coast. This traditionally named “Old Baltic”glaciation is now recognized elsewhere in the circum Baltic region besides Denmark. Deglaciation was succeeded by periglacial environments with cryoturbation, ice wedge growth, formation of wind abrasion pavements and low arctic habitats. Approaching the global glacio-eustatic low stand of the Last Glacial Maximum increased cooling and enhanced down slope creep caused widespread solifluction. In a sequence of Late Weichselian glacier advances, Mid Danish Till, East Jylland Till and Bælthav Till was deposited under progressing deglaciation between 25 and 18 kyr ago. Retarded melting of dead ice from the Ristinge Glaciation formed thermo karst depressions on the surfaceof outwash plains in front of MSL.

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24

Czudek, T. "Soft rock pediments in South Moravia, Czech Republic." Netherlands Journal of Geosciences - Geologie en Mijnbouw 91, no. 1-2 (September 2012): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016774600001608.

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AbstractSoft rock pediments developed in South Moravia in some places as early as the Tertiary, in other places as late as the Pleistocene. Depending on local environmental factors the pediments developed either due to backwearing or downwearing. The most suitable conditions for the evolution of the Pleistocene pediments were during transitional periods between warm and cold climate phases and especially during periglacial conditions between cold and warm periods in the Middle and Late Pleistocene. In agricultural landscapes, the studied relief features continue to develop also at present.

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Cosgrove, Richard, Jim Allen, and Brendan Marshall. "Palaeo-ecology and Pleistocene human occupation in south central Tasmania." Antiquity 64, no. 242 (March 1990): 59–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00077309.

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Evidence for the late-Pleistocene and early-Holocene settlement of Tasmania is now offered by a growing number of sites in a variety of landscapes; among the more remarkable finds are cave-sites with evidence for human settlement of periglacial uplands before 30,000 BP. Good faunal assemblages and environmental records allow the reconstruction of a subsistence system different in character from those modelled on a European Pleistocene prototype.

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26

West, R. G. "On the origin of Grunty Fen and other landforms in southern Fenland, Cambridgeshire." Geological Magazine 128, no. 3 (May 1991): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680002210x.

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AbstractDepressions and embayments of the southern Fenland margin and islands are ascribed to periglacial processes in the Devensian Stage (last cold stage) of the Pleistocene. The processes, which may be included in the general term thermokarst, include thermal erosion as an important element. The age of the active landscape evolution appears to be Late Devensian. The Crowland Bed of the Fenland Pleistocene succession is a product of these processes.

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27

Wright, M. D. "Pleistocene deposits of the South Wales Coalfield and their engineering significance." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.41.

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AbstractThe importance of glaciation in the modification of landscape in the South Wales coalfield has long been acknowledged. The effect of periglacial conditions has never been fully assessed, even though these are of enormous relevance to the geomorphology and to the prediction of the engineering characteristics of the superficial deposits.Examination of field relationships and sedimentology has proved the presence, in valley-floors, of glacial lodgement tills, meltout tills and associated water-lain deposits. On lower valley-sides, however, a large proportion of the drift has moved downslope by gelifluction or as mudflows. These redistributed sediments contain silt bands which can cause side-slope collapse in cuttings. They also extend over valley-floors and may conceal glaciolacustrine deposits which can contain water at artesian pressures.Higher valley-side slopes and hilltops show extensive modification by periglacial processes, and there are solifluction terraces and nivation hollows. A good understanding of depositional processes is required for any investigation of slope stability.

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28

Nielsen, Michael Houmark. "Late Pleistocene stratigraphy, glaciation chronology and Middle Weichselian environmental history from Klintholm, Møn, Denmark." Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark 41 (November 30, 1994): 181–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.37570/bgsd-1995-41-16.

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A new and fundamental outline of the Late Pleistocene geological history in SE Denmark is obtained from examination of exposed cliff sections along the Baltic coast of M0n. Multidiciplinary studies including lithostratigraphic classification, analyses of glaciotectonic struc- tures, biostratigraphic studies, amino acid chronology and radiocarbon and luminescence dating indicate the following: A shallow boreo-lusitanian sea that characterized the Eemian interglaciation (130-115 ka BP) was followed by periglacial conditions during the Early Weichselian (l 15-75 ka BP). In the early part of the Middle Weichselian (75--c. 40 ka BP) Baltic glaciers invaded the region twice, intenupted by an ice free and periglacial interval around 50 ka BP. The first ice stream left a reddish coloured till dominated by exotic rock-types of eastern Baltic provenance. From about 40-35 ka BP to slightly before 20 ka BP ameliorated conditions with periglacial terrestrial and lacustrine environments are recorded. A lake basin in the western part of the Baltic was surrounded by a low releif mammoth-steppe with an almost treeless vegetation of grasses, sedges, heather and dwarf shrubs. Increasing amounts of diamicton dominated by Palaeozoic shale and limestone towards the top of the muddy and slightly organic lake sediments suggest ice-rafting in the basin by the end of the late Middle Weichselian. Deposits suffered strong glaciotectonic deformation during the Late Weichselian glacial maximum (25-15 ka BP).

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29

Andrieux, Eric, Pascal Bertran, Pierre Antoine, Laurent Deschodt, Arnaud Lenoble, Sylvie Coutard, Aurelie Ajas, et al. "Database of pleistocene periglacial featuresin France: description of the online version." Quaternaire, no. 27/4 (December 1, 2016): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/quaternaire.7717.

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30

Vandenberghe, J. "Periglacial phenomena and pleistocene environmental conditions in the Netherlands—An overview." Permafrost and Periglacial Processes 3, no. 4 (October 1992): 363–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ppp.3430030410.

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31

Joeckel, R. M., P. R. Hanson, and L. M. Howard. "Solving a Periglacial Puzzle: Pleistocene Polygonal Ground in North-Central Nebraska." Great Plains Research 29, no. 2 (2019): 153–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/gpr.2019.0035.

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32

Smith, C. A. S., C. Tarnocai, and O. L. Hughes. "Pedological Investigations of Pleistocene Glacial Drift Surfaces in the Central Yukon." Géographie physique et Quaternaire 40, no. 1 (December 4, 2007): 29–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/032620ar.

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ABSTRACT Distinct soil morphologies associated with three different ages of Quaternary glacial deposits are characterized and subsequently named. Properties which provide a basis for distinguishing these in the field include solum depth, B horizon colour, clay skin development, coarse fragment weathering and periglacial features. A strong relationship is evident between the clay content at depth and the age of soil. Low values of Na pyrophosphate-extractable Fe and Al confirm the absence of any active podzol-forming processes even within the reddest (5YR, 2.5YR) soil horizons. Wounded Moose paleosols are the preserved soils observed on pre-Reid Glaciation (.2-1.2 Ma) deposits which show strong paleoargillic horizon development with red colours, high clay content, and common periglacial modification. Diversion Creek paleosols are the preserved soils found on Reid (80-120 ka) glacial deposits which show moderate paleoargillic horizon development and resemble the contemporary Gray Luvisols of the mid and southern boreal forest regions of Canada. Stewart soils are the weakly developed Brunisols formed on stable landform surfaces of McConnell (14-30 ka) glacial deposits. The Wounded Moose and Diversion Creek paleosols, while found commonly in local areas, occupy only a small proportion of the regional landscape.

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33

Sheremetskaya, E. D., O. K. Borisova, and A. V. Panin. "PLANATION OF MOSCOW GLACIATION PERIGLACIAL ZONE DURING POSTGLACIAL EPOCH." Geomorphology RAS, no. 1 (July 22, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.15356/0435-4281-2012-1-92-106.

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34

Spink, T. W. "Periglacial discontinuities in Eocene clays near Denham, Buckinghamshire." Geological Society, London, Engineering Geology Special Publications 7, no. 1 (1991): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.eng.1991.007.01.35.

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AbstractIn the investigation for part of the M25 motorway near Denham, Buckinghamshire, several types of sheared and unsheared discontinuities were found within the Eocene London Clay and Reading Beds clays which are considered to have formed under Pleistocene periglacial conditions. These consisted of two types of low angle, near-surface solifluction shears with associated discontinuous, random accommodation shears. These overlay and truncated high angle shears believed to have formed by collapse on thawing of the top of the permafrost. Deeper, low angle shears of two types, one continuous, subhorizontal and planar, the other discontinuous, random and undulose, are tentatively attributed to shearing at the base of a permafrost layer at a thawing front. Subvertical, unsheared discontinuities are considered to be contraction cracks.

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35

Raab, Thomas, Matthias Leopold, and Jörg Völkel. "Character, Age, and Ecological Significance of Pleistocene Periglacial Slope Deposits in Germany." Physical Geography 28, no. 6 (November 2007): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2747/0272-3646.28.6.451.

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36

Perica, Dražen, Sanja Lozić, and Irena Mrak. "Periglacijalni reljef na području Velebita." Geoadria 10, no. 2 (January 11, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.15291/geoadria.81.

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Although the Velebit is a low mountain situated in the moderate climate zone, there exist periglacial processes in relief modelling in its highest part. The reason for this is interdependance of geological, geomorphological, climatic, vegetational and pedological influences, but also long antropogenic and zoogenic influences. Among periglacial forms the features which originated from the activity of nival and frost processes can be singled out.

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37

Dionne, Jean-Claude. "Formes de cryoturbation fossiles dans le sud-est du Québec." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 10, no. 19 (April 12, 2005): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/020565ar.

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Fossil cryoturbation forms in Southern Québec are reported for the first time. About sixty ice-wedges were observed in unconsolidated Late Pleistocene and Lower Holocene deposits. Other cryoturbation forms such as injections, standing pebbles and strata deformations are also reported. These forms indicate the existence of a periglacial climate, during the Late Wisconsin, in the Appalachian region of Southeastern Québec between 12,500 and 10,000 years (B P )

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38

Semmel, Arno, and Birgit Terhorst. "The concept of the Pleistocene periglacial cover beds in central Europe: A review." Quaternary International 222, no. 1-2 (August 2010): 120–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2010.03.010.

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39

Weckwerth, Piotr, and Małgorzata Pisarska‐jamroży. "Periglacial and fluvial factors controlling the sedimentation of pleistocene breccia in nw poland." Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography 97, no. 2 (June 2015): 415–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/geoa.12082.

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40

de Lafontaine, Guillaume, Carlos Alberto Amasifuen Guerra, Alexis Ducousso, and Rémy J. Petit. "Cryptic no more: soil macrofossils uncover Pleistocene forest microrefugia within a periglacial desert." New Phytologist 204, no. 3 (October 14, 2014): 715–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/nph.12833.

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41

Bélanger, N., C. Carcaillet, G. A. Padbury, A. N. Harvey-Schafer, and K. J. C. Van Rees. "Periglacial fires and trees in a continental setting of Central Canada, Upper Pleistocene." Geobiology 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2014): 109–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gbi.12076.

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42

Vandenberghe, J., and C. Kasse. "Periglacial environments during the early Pleistocene in the Southern Netherlands and Northern Belgium." Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 72 (January 1989): 133–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-0182(89)90137-5.

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43

D'Amico, Michele E., E. Pintaldi, M. Catoni, M. Freppaz, and E. Bonifacio. "Pleistocene periglacial imprinting on polygenetic soils and paleosols in the SW Italian Alps." CATENA 174 (March 2019): 269–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2018.11.019.

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44

Savidge, Rodney Arthur. "Evidence for early glaciation of southeastern Beringia." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 57, no. 2 (February 2020): 199–226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjes-2019-0048.

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Between the Klondike Plateau and Yukon–Tanana highlands of Yukon and Alaska, respectively, current maps explain glaciated alpine locales and periglacial areas in terms of localized Pliocene–Pleistocene montane ice caps, alpine glaciers, and periglacial changes. However, this region’s plateau topography is populated with long undulating ridges having wide flattened tops; it contrasts with relief of other regions of northwestern North America also affected by ice caps, cryoplanation, and erosion over similar duration during the same epochs. This region has received minimal research and appears to present a new opportunity for resolving outstanding glaciological and stratigraphy issues. The glaciological history is reviewed, placing particular emphasis upon the low-elevation ridges within the “unglaciated” region, suggesting that those ridges are relict arête/cirque remnants. Sites of subalpine glacial grooving and mountaintop planing are also identified, and a conglomeratic red bed containing erratic clasts is described. All indications point to the “unglaciated” region having been glaciated before late Pliocene. Two working hypotheses are proposed: (1) The landscape once supported a range of young mountains that became glaciated then overridden and pared to a plateau by an ice sheet. (2) Following deglaciation, an extended period of paraglacial activity removed most of the former drift and excised new valleys to give the region an unglaciated appearance, which thereafter became modified into its present state by local montane/alpine glaciations, interglacial cryoplanation, periglacial gelifraction, and erosion. In addition to Pliocene–Pleistocene glaciations, a northeastward advancing Miocene ice sheet seems plausible and, on the basis of paleographic considerations and lithology, a Cretaceous glaciation evidently is also not out of the question.

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45

Pisarska-Jamroży, Małgorzata, Szymon Belzyt, Albertas Bitinas, Asta Jusienė, and Barbara Woronko. "Seismic shocks, periglacial conditions and glaciotectonics as causes of the deformation of a Pleistocene meandering river succession in central Lithuania." Baltica 32, no. 1 (August 1, 2019): 63–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5200/baltica.2019.1.6.

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An extraordinary variation of plastic and brittle deformation structures with periglacial, glaciotectonic and seismic features was observed within the unconsolidated, upper Pleistocene meandering river succession in the Slinkis outcrop in central Lithuania. Among these deformations, the following structures were described: (1) ice-wedge casts in the lower part of the sedimentary succession, linked to periglacial processes, (2) soft-sediment deformation structures, such as load structures (load casts, pseudonodules), flame structures and water/sediment-escape structures, all trapped in clearly defined layers in the upper part of the sedimentary succession, which are related to the propagation of seismic waves, and (3) faults occurring throughout the sedimentary succession, which are associated with glaciotectonic processes. To our knowledge, this is the first description and analysis of the combined presence of such a diverse range of deformation features caused by three trigger mechanisms in a meandering fluvial sedimentary succession.

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46

Gureyeva, I. I., and E. E. Timoshok. "Ferns in the present-day periglacial zone of the Central Altai." Contemporary Problems of Ecology 9, no. 1 (January 2016): 18–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995425516010054.

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47

Morozova, T. D., and V. P. Nechaev. "The valdai periglacial zone as an area of cryogenic soil formation." Quaternary International 41-42 (January 1997): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(96)00036-5.

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48

Young, R. R., J. A. Burns, R. B. Rains, and D. B. Schowalter. "Late Pleistocene glacial geomorphology and environment of the Hand Hills region and southern Alberta, related to Middle Wisconsin fossil prairie dog sites." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 36, no. 9 (September 1, 1999): 1567–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e99-044.

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Ichnofossils (burrow casts) and fossils from an extinct form of prairie dog, Cynomys niobrarius churcherii, in the Hand Hills of south-central Alberta, have provided an important Late Pleistocene stratigraphic marker. The marker fossils provide relative and chronostratigraphic (radiocarbon) ages for nonglacial, periglacial, glacial, and glaciotectonic events and environments in the region. The high-elevation, hilltop position of the fossil sites (~200 m above the surrounding plains) permits reliable extrapolations of glacial environments to the surrounding region. The burrow casts were preserved by infilling from surrounding and overlying sediments through processes of inwashing and animal activity. Three thousand bones, primarily of the extinct prairie dog Cynomys niobrarius churcherii, were recovered from one site, and several hundred more from other locations. Accelerator radiocarbon dates (AMS) on bone collagen show that the prairie dogs lived in the area from at least 33 000 BP to around 22 000 BP. Prairie dog burrow casts crosscut well-developed periglacial structures and stratigraphically underlie all glacial sediments, indicating that harsh periglacial environments preceded their colonization and that the region was later submerged by Laurentide ice. Deformed sediments, 0.5 to 1.5 m thick, were found throughout the upland. The products of deformation overlie, truncate, and (or) incorporate burrow casts, indicating that only limited erosion and glacial deformation occurred during glaciation. Reconstructed ice sheet profiles show a northwest-southeast flow that could only have been achieved by coalescent Laurentide and Cordilleran ice sheets. This demonstrates that a theoretical "ice-free corridor" that some think persisted between the ice sheets during the Late Wisconsin "maximum," did not exist.

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49

Jary, Zdzislaw. "Periglacial markers within the Late Pleistocene loess–palaeosol sequences in Poland and Western Ukraine." Quaternary International 198, no. 1-2 (April 2009): 124–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quaint.2008.01.008.

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50

Müller, Susann, and Heinrich Thiemeyer. "Formation and transformation of Pleistocene periglacial slope deposits in the Spessart Mountains (Hesse, Germany)." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie, Supplementary Issues 58, no. 3 (July 1, 2014): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/0372-8854/2014/s-00157.

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