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1

Ewusi, Kodwo. Government food policies from the colonial to the post independence period. University of Ghana, Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, 1985.

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2

Sri Lanka. Videśa Kaṭayutu Bhāra Amātyāṃśaya., ed. Sri Lanka foreign affairs: A review of activities carried out during the period 1948-1998 with highlights of Sri Lanka's foreign relations in the post-independence period. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka, 1998.

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3

Sri Lanka. Vidēśa Kaṭayutu Bhāra Amātyāṃśaya., ed. Sri Lanka foreign affairs: A review of activities carried out during the period 1994-1998 with highlights of Sri Lanka's foreign relations in the post-independence period. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Sri Lanka, 1998.

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4

Ahmed, Noman. Planning and development of industrial locations in Karachi during the post independence period: A case study of Landhi-Korangi industrial area. Architecture & Planning Publication Centre, Dept. of Architecture & Planning, Dawood College of Engineering & Technology, 1994.

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5

Singh, Bhanu Pratap. Secondary school curriculam in India: A socio-cultural & historical analysis of educational curriculum from the ancient period to post-independence with an appraisal of the present day curriculum. Penman Publishers, 1991.

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6

A history of modern Maithili literature: Post-independence period. Sahitya Akademi, 2004.

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7

Petkova, Martina. Explaining Underdevelopment in East Africa in the Post-Independence Period. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2015.

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8

Government food policies from the colonial to the post independence period. Institute of Statistical, Social and Economic Research, University of Ghana, 1985.

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9

Historical Development of Foreign Investment in the Formation of the Malaysian Economy. Colonial Period-Post Independence. GRIN Verlag GmbH, 2014.

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10

Ganeri, Jonardon. Introduction. Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.3.

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This Introduction explains the overall plan for the volume. There is, first of all, a focus on figures. The contributions engage with the very qualities that make the field fascinating to a contemporary audience: the interplay between charismatic individuals, the negotiated interaction of widely different intellectual outlooks, the intervention of critical voices of dissent and disavowal. There is, second, a new periodization of the history of philosophy in India. The earliest period of what I call “philosophies of path and purpose”; the period of compilation of sūtra and its legacy; an age of
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11

Chafer, Tony, and Alexander Keese, eds. Francophone Africa at fifty. Manchester University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9780719089305.001.0001.

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2010 marked the 50<sup>th</sup> anniversary of the ‘Year of Africa’. All France’s colonies in sub-Saharan Africa gained their independence in that year. This book brings together leading scholars from across the globe to review ‘Francophone Africa at Fifty’. It examines continuities from the colonial to the post-colonial period and analyses the diverse and multi-faceted legacy of French colonial rule in sub-Saharan Africa. It also reviews the decolonization of French West Africa in comparative perspective and observes how independence is remembered and commemorated fifty years on.
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12

Sagar, Rahul. Before Midnight. Edited by David M. Malone, C. Raja Mohan, and Srinath Raghavan. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198743538.013.5.

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This chapter examines ideas about war, peace, and international relations over the century preceding independence, of which there were many more and in greater depth than widely supposed. It outlines how and why Indians first began to articulate views on the subject, and subsequently analyses these ideas. It proposes that, contrary to the opinion of some scholars, Indians thought carefully about the nature of international relations. Most importantly, it emphasizes the plurality of views on the subject, and explains how and why proponents of pragmatism in foreign relations came to be sidelined
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13

Majumdar, Sumit K. History and Background. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199641994.003.0003.

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The chapter summarizes details of political and institutional contexts for post-independence growth. India was severely impoverished in the period from 1900 to 1947, and per-capita growth rates were almost zero. Growth was ten times larger after independence, relative to before independence. Growth was conditioned by the institutional climate defining capitalism practiced in India. In the 1940s, the Second World War, the Quit India movement, the Bengal Famine, and the “Bombay Plan” were important growth-related contingencies. The background to policy making had been the Indian Industrial Commi
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14

Guerrieri, Pilar Maria. Negotiating Cultures. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199479580.001.0001.

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This book focuses on the city of Delhi, one of the largest mega-cities in the world, and examines—from a historical perspective—the processes of hybridization between cultures within its local architecture and urban planning from 1912, when the British Town Planning Committee for New Delhi was formed, to 1962, when the first Master plan was implemented. The research originates directly from primary documents and examines how and to what extent the city plans, the neighbourhoods, the types of residential, public buildings and the architectural styles have changed over time. The analysis of arch
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15

Truxillo, Charles A. By the Sword and the Cross. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400622755.

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A concise overview of Spanish America during the colonial era (1492-1825), this study attempts a synthesis of Iberian and Latin American historical narratives within the context of world history. Spanish civilization was transferred to the Americas as Spain imposed its medieval Catholic culture upon the Americas successfully replacing the elite cultures of the Aztecs, Mayans, and Incas. Iberian culture became indigenous by way of cross-culturalization, and Creole elites found independence inevitable once their way of life became defined by American circumstances. Truxillo places emphasis on th
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Said, Jonathan, and Khwima Singini. Powerbrokers and Patronage. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0003.

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This chapter investigates the patterns of growth in Malawi from 1954 to 2013. Using the deals and development framework, it highlights four growth regimes during this period. First, a period of growth stagnation under colonial rule. Second, a period of growth acceleration post-independence as a clientelist structure emerged in key sectors of the economy under president Banda. Third, from 1978 onwards the lack of sustainability of these structures led to a period of growth decline. In 1994 Malawi transitioned to multiparty elections, however the country failed to modernize and the systems of pa
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17

Butt, Simon, and Tim Lindsey. The Constitution and State Institutions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199677740.003.0001.

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This chapter provides an overview of Indonesia’s constitutional structure and the institutions that operate within it. It begins with a brief constitutional history, from Independence to the post-Soeharto period, then outlines the key provisions of the Constitution, including the institutions of state and human rights established therein. It then briefly describes these constitutional institutions, including Indonesia’s various legislatures and consultative bodies, executives, and courts. The chapter concludes with a description of state institutions that, while not mentioned in the Constituti
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18

Rich Dorman, Sara. The Politics of Liberation (1965–1980). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634889.003.0002.

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Chapter 2 argues that this period is characterized by ambiguity and contestation between competing political groups and their civilian supporters, which plays an important role in shaping post-colonial political dynamics. It begins with an examination of nationalist politics, and the legacy of the liberation war on guerrillas, civilians and their relationships in both rural and urban areas. The juxtaposition of diverse ideological and personal divisions within and between these groups, alongside great pressure for "unity," is crucial for understanding the dynamics of nationalist coalition-buil
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19

James, C. L. R. Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution. Edited by Leslie James. Duke University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/9781478007128.

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In this new edition of Nkrumah and the Ghana Revolution, C. L. R. James tells the history of the socialist revolution led by Kwame Nkrumah, the first president and prime minister of Ghana. Although James wrote it in the immediate post-independence period around 1958, he did not publish it until nearly twenty years later, when he added a series of his own letters, speeches, and articles from the 1960s. Although Nkrumah led the revolution, James emphasizes that it was a popular mass movement fundamentally realized by the actions of everyday Ghanaians. Moreover, James shows that Ghana’s independe
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20

Morcom, Anna. The Hindi film orchestra. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199352227.003.0012.

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This chapter explores the Hindi film orchestra in historical, social and cinematic contexts. It charts the place, meaning and status of the western orchestra in Indian cinema from the silent era through the post-Independence period to the marked changes that have occurred since India’s liberalization from the 1990s. Although western classical music was not adopted and institutionalized in the mainstream in India (unlike East Asia, for example), this chapter demonstrates how it nevertheless became interwoven with Indian postcolonial modernity in a powerful yet largely background and thus unseen
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21

Goyal, Ashima, ed. A Concise Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199496464.001.0001.

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After experiencing slow growth for much of the post-Independence period, the Indian economy has experienced powerful changes of significant magnitude since the mid-1980s. Post-reform India has defied established economic patterns and, in the process, created a few paradoxes. In this concise edition of The Oxford Handbook of the Indian Economy in the 21st Century, select chapters from the original have been compiled to give students of economics a brief but comprehensive overview of the Indian economy, contributing to a finer understanding of India’s growth path. In discussing these issues, thi
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22

Neelanjan, Maitra. Part VIII The Government’s Legal Personality, Ch.54 Sovereign Immunity. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198704898.003.0054.

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This chapter examines the doctrine of sovereign immunity and the related ‘Sovereign Functions’ doctrine in India. It begins with an overview of the text of Article 300 of the Indian Constitution and proceeds with a brief survey of the case law on sovereign immunity that preceded the adoption of the Constitution. It then revisits some early attempts to revise the law on sovereign immunity in the post-Independence period, before discussing the judicial treatment of sovereign immunity and how the Indian Supreme Court has dealt with the constraints imposed by its own precedents, along with the Cou
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23

Rewakowicz, Maria G. Ukraine's Quest for Identity. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2017. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978739734.

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Winner of the 2019 Omeljan Pritsak Book Prize in Ukrainian Studies. Ukraine's Quest for Identity: Embracing Cultural Hybridity in Literary Imagination, 1991–2011 is the first study that looks at the literary process in post-independence Ukraine comprehensively and attempts to draw the connection between literary production and identity construction. In its quest for identity Ukraine has followed a path similar to other postcolonial societies, the main characteristics of which include a slow transition, hybridity, and identities negotiated on the center-periphery axis. This monograph concentrat
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24

Rainer, Grote, and Röder Tilmann. Introduction. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199759880.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter begins with a brief history of constitution-making and constitutional reform in the Islamic world. It then describes the emergence of a new constitutional era in the Middle East and beyond following World War II, and the two trends that characterized the early post-independence period in most Islamic countries, which were also reflected in the new constitutions: nationalism and secularism. It also discusses the development of Islamic constitutionalism in various Islamic countries. The chapter then sets out the book's purpose, which is to analyze the impact of the rise
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25

Gorman, Anthony, and Didier Monciaud, eds. The Press in the Middle East and North Africa, 1850-1950. Edinburgh University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474430616.001.0001.

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This volume presents twelve detailed case studies of the press from the Ottoman Empire and the post-Ottoman Arab world including North Africa in the period before independence (c.1850-1950). It charts the emergence of this important medium, its practitioners and its function as a forum and agent in political, social and cultural life in the Middle East and central to an understanding of the development of free speech, civil society, political life and cultural expression. Examining both local and foreign language publications the studies engage with themes such as the reading public, the repre
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26

Osei, Robert Darko, Charles Ackah, George Domfe, and Michael Danquah. Political Settlements and Structural Change. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198801641.003.0006.

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This chapter explores the extent to which political settlements interacting with the rents space affect the nature of the deals space and consequently help explain economic growth in Ghana. The discussions are centred around four break points and therefore five growth episodes for Ghana: pre-1966, 1966–74, 1974–83, 1983–2001, and 2001–14. First, there are signs that the post-2001 period has been more ordered and open than the first twenty-five years after independence. Second, the political settlement has also changed somewhat over the years, from a dominant to a more competitive type. However
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27

Markovits, Claude. Historical Perspectives on Innovation in Indian Business. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0001.

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This chapter deals with the question of innovation in Indian business from a historical perspective. After a brief survey of the literature, emphasizing how divided scholarly opinion was regarding the existence of forms of innovation in Indian business prior to the colonial era, the focus shifts to the British period. It is shown that Schumpeter’s definition of innovation equating it with technological innovation cannot be fruitfully applied to the Indian business scene. Two case studies are then proposed: Tata Iron &amp; Steel, the largest Indian industrial firm, is shown to have been innovat
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28

Heckman, Alma Rachel. The Sultan's Communists. Stanford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.11126/stanford/9781503613805.001.0001.

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Structured around the stories of five prominent Moroccan Jewish Communists (Léon René Sultan, Edmond Amran El Maleh, Abraham Serfaty, Simon Lévy, and Sion Asssidon), The Sultan’s Communists examines how Moroccan Jews envisioned themselves participating as citizens in a newly independent Morocco. It also explores how Communism facilitated the participation of Moroccan Jews in Morocco’s national liberation struggle with roots in the mass upheavals of the interwar and WWII periods. Alma Heckman describes how Moroccan Communist Jews fit within the story of mass Jewish exodus from Morocco in the 19
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29

Rich Dorman, Sara. The Politics of Polarization (1998–2000). Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190634889.003.0005.

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The chapter identifies this period as a key, albeit brief, moment when civil society was able to shape political discourse and practice in Zimbabwe. It first sets out the economic conditions in the late 1990s. It then delineates the changing alignments and increasing polarization between state and society. It traces the origins of the National Constitutional Assembly (NCA), and the unease with which it was met by some NGOs and churches. The ways in which the NCA frames the constitutional debate fundamentally challenges the post-independence record of the Mugabe government, its development agen
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30

Drew, Allison. Communism in Africa. Edited by Stephen A. Smith. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199602056.013.003.

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Communism in Africa can be analyzed along two dimensions: Communist movements that generally developed between the two world wars and were subjected to state repression and communism as a post-colonial state policy. During the colonial era communists built alliances with democratic and anti-colonial movements; any success reflected their ability to forge links with trade unions and nationalist organizations. Following independence, many new states adopted communist ideology and policies to facilitate international alliances and promote development. Those regimes form a subset of African one-pa
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31

Dunkley, D. A., ed. Readings in Caribbean History and Culture. The Rowman & Littlefield Publishing Group, 2011. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978726383.

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This collection of eleven essays is designed to highlight some important new voices who have been doing research on the general subject areas of the history and culture of the Caribbean. The essays in this volume also address a number of themes which are critical to developing an understanding of current scholarly work on the two broad subject areas. Among the themes examined are colonialism, slavery, and the involvement of the Christian Church in both colonial rule and enslavement. The essays also analyze the pre-independence and post-independence periods of the twentieth century, with examin
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32

Tarulevicz, Nicole. The Kitchen. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038099.003.0005.

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This chapter looks at the marginalized Singaporean kitchen. Although they think hard about where and what they eat, very few Singaporeans spend time thinking about where their food is prepared. The chapter thus considers the physical space of the kitchen, with reference to domestic architectural sources, and the sociological meaning of the kitchen in the colonial and the post-independence periods. Because of the intimate association between the state and housing, Singaporean kitchens provide a unique insight into the way in which food preparation is conceptualized by the state. Moreover, discu
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Naithani, Sadhana. Folklore in Baltic History. University Press of Mississippi, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496823564.001.0001.

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Folklore in Baltic History: Resistance and Resurgence is a study of how the discipline of folklore studies was treated under the totalitarian rule of the USSR in the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania from 1945 to 1991 and what role the study of folklore has played since independence in 1991. It is a “dramatic history” of what happened to folklorists, folklore archives and folklore departments in the universities under the Soviet rule. On the one hand was a coercive and brutal state and on the other peoples conscious of their national, cultural and linguistic identity as compris
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Murgia, Mario. Either in Prose or Rhyme. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198754824.003.0016.

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This chapter explores how the importation of Milton’s Protestant discourse answered Hispano-America’s post-Independence need to disseminate a notion of the modern epic and its libertarian principles. The first Latin American translations of Paradise Lost developed in surprising succession: a verse El Paraíso perdido in 1858 from Mexico, followed by a prose version in 1868 and another verse translation in 1896 from Colombia. The texts and translators’ prefaces of these versions display their clear intentionality and postcolonial stakes. While these translations cooperate to affirm a regional an
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35

Edwards, Todd L. Argentina. Visit www.abc-clio.com for details., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216188469.

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This work is a unique exploration of modern Argentina, combining narrative historical chapters with a reference section covering the nation's most important cultural figures, places, and events. Argentina: A Global Studies Handbook is a revealing look at South America's second largest nation, providing an interdisciplinary introduction to the country's economy, history, geography, politics, government, society, and culture. Argentina spans over five centuries of the nation's evolution—from the arrival of the conquistadors through the years of revolution and independence, from the Peron era and
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36

Jackson, Iain, Ewan Harrison, Michele Tenzon, Rixt Woudstra, and Claire Tunstall. Architecture, Empire, and Trade. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350411340.

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This open access book tells a new and untold history of the architecture of West Africa in the colonial era, as revealed for the first time through the archives of the United Africa Company (UAC). From the imperial Royal Niger Company’s charter in the 1890s through to its suave African department stores of the 1960s, the UAC – a British company firmly embedded in the economies of colonialism, extraction, and exploitation – became the largest commercial firm in West Africa, involved in almost every commercial enterprise and sector, and responsible for procuring architecture, infrastructure, and
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37

Stuart, Reginald C. Civil-Military Relations during the War of 1812. Praeger, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400626968.

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Civil-military relations in the era of the War of 1812 must be seen as a broad theme, not just the particular relationships between officers, military organizations, and civil government and civilians. Civil-military attitudes were interwoven in the lives of Americans and must be seen as ideological and social in character with political expressions. Secondarily, the War of 1812 was a transition period from the matrix of ideas inherited from English history and the War of Independence experience with an Atlantic orientation toward the national experience and continental orientation of the 19th
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38

Borowiec, Andrew. Cyprus. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400636592.

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Borowiec portrays Cyprus as a permanent source of tension in the Eastern Mediterranean and a potential trigger for future conflict between Greece and Turkey. He describes the depth of animosity between Greek and Turkish Cypriots and analyzes the obstacles in the path of a search for a solution. Most casual observers see the conflict between Greeks and Turks on a strategic Mediterranean island as a struggle within a sovereign state. Borowiec concludes that there has never been a Cypriot nation, only Greeks and Turks living in Cyprus, separated by the hostility reflecting the traditional animosi
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39

Soetan, Funmi, and Bola Akanji, eds. Through the Gender Lens. The Rowman … Littlefield Publishing Group, 2018. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978735958.

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Sustainable development is now intricately linked not just to economic growth, but more importantly, to the quality of life of people in terms of their social status, political participation, cultural freedom, environmental justice and inclusive development. For previously colonized nations like Nigeria, these linkages are believed to have been influenced by the legacies of colonial rule, positively or otherwise. Through the Gender Lens: A Century of Social and Political Development in Nigeria looks at how colonialism has enabled or hindered the roles of the state in promoting inclusive develo
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40

el-Battahani, Atta H. The Dilemma of Political Transition in Sudan: An Analytical Approach. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance (International IDEA), 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2023.51.

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Sudan has experienced four transitional periods in its post-independence history, all of which have failed to achieve the desired change. The fifth transition, which began in 2019, was hindered by the October 2021 coup d’état and later by the April 2023 armed conflict, resulting in yet another failed transition. This book delves into an investigation of these failed transitions and the challenges they faced. It provides an in-depth analysis of the reasons behind their failures, incorporating various models and theories to explore the nature of Sudan’s latest transition. By highlighting the uni
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Rogers, W. Sherman. The African American Entrepreneur. ABC-CLIO, LLC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798400607639.

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African American entrepreneurship has been an integral part of the American economy since the 1600s. On the eve of the Civil War, the collective wealth of free blacks was approximately $50 million. In 2006, African Americans earned a whopping $744 billion, a figure that exceeds the gross domestic product of all but 15 nations of the 192 independent countries in the world. As W. Sherman Rogers so ably demonstrates, African Americans have achieved these economic gains under difficult circumstances. Slavery, segregation, and legally limited access to property, education, and other opportunities h
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Mahoney, Richard D. Colombia. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190262754.001.0001.

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Even to experts, Colombia is one of the most confusing countries in the Americas. Its democratic tradition is among the richest and most long-standing in the hemisphere, with only eleven years of military rule during its 200 some years of independence. Except for the United States and Canada, Colombia has had the highest growth rate in the Americas over the last 75 years. It is widely seen as having some of the continent's best universities and deep intellectual traditions along with a dazzling array of fine and industrial arts and now globally-popular tropical music. But despite these admirab
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43

Roberts, Neil, ed. A Political Companion to Frederick Douglass. University Press of Kentucky, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813175621.001.0001.

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Literary critics and historians have long studied Frederick Douglass’s impact on American literature and history, yet surprisingly few scholars have analyzed his influence on American political thought. Political theorists have focused on the legacies of W. E. B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, but editor Neil Roberts argues that it is impossible to understand their work or Afro-modern and American political thought without understanding Frederick Douglass’s contributions. Douglass was a prolific writer and public speaker, and the contributors to this comprehensive volume examine not only hi
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Julian, Warner, Liepsch Elisa, and Warner Julian, eds. Allianzen: Kritische Praxis an weißen Institutionen. transcript Verlag, 2018.

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